B2 Student's Book David Spencer aa MACMILLANContents Vocabulary Grammar Presenttenses Intemational Cultural Knowledge: feand study at uni Past tenses: Do and make Present perf Gerunds and infiritives 1 1d jobs Job descriptions Past perfect Cross-curricular— Ec Learning English for wor The best jobin the world Past and present habits Cross-curricular Learning workplace jargon ions and sta English and immigration anguage: Gerunds and Infinitives 2 Phrasal verbs: Work English in the work Jargon oe Fate aciviesin MIEGUE: wel the past ture continuous he War ofthe Wor stoi Future perfect simpleand continuous Personality adjectives Nat makes a genius? Makin Cross-curticular— Science Noun suffixes Extaordinary facts about So™mPariszons Abeer Einstein Articles Cross-curicular— Philosophy hehobbit So/sich/too/enough Whats inteligence? Personality descriptions: g and selling ning a bank Modal verbs Cross-curricular af obligation, Q&Aby Vikas prohibition and Phrasal verbs: Moneyand Instructions: Howtousea advice suepping pie Speculation and deduction: Past present and future -y and banking Q&A by Vika: international Cultural Knowledge: Money q\istening Writing Speaking Exam success/Study skills Vocabulary quiz Questions about Pair interviews and reports Vocabulary: Using a dictionary Introduction to gap years S*Perience Bapressing preferences Reading: Multiple matching Tips forexam revision’ _—_-~Project: Poster advertising ‘Speaking: Accuracy and fluency are a ‘iting, Transactional tasks Ae iting. Tra Expressing individual Faking nots in normal preferences : Reply 1 arequestinan email People describing ther Writing interview Describing jobs Vocabulary Studying phrasal verbs gas ee Talking about work plans Listening: Matching speakers and statements Wop eee etgary MAE Sh) Stimulus-based Speaking: Stimulus-based discussions Helicopter parents {An opinion essay 1 discussions | (eweee Pronunciation: Stress for emphasis Expressions in stimulus- based discussions Pronunciation: Word stress Predictions Discussing future Reading: Missing sentences The Warof the Worlisby Making a plan feiss Grammar: Learning from mistakes HG Wels Astory:Science fiction Sheeking future Listening: Prediction Dear Future Me radio : Writing: Stor Cae Stimulus based poaisrones discussions 2 Space research and ‘government spending Expressing and justifying opinions Multiple intelligences Project: Geniuses Preparing andaivinga Vocabulary: Keeping records Animal intelligence Asummary Pesan Use of Enalish: Word formation cloze Presentation on the value Adescription ofa hero. Speaking: Presentations of exams Writing: Checking Pronunciation: Silent Schoo! rulesfadvice Speculation and Reading: Skimming and scanning ies Deductions and deduction Listening: Completing notes quiz programme speculations Zaking about hotes: ——speskng Talking abou photos Thetisanyeteney Sata a Wing: Writing pan Comparing and contrasting photosGrammar Vocabulary Heelthy habits Conditionals (055-curfcular ~ Science/Nutrtion/PE Nutrition for teenagers Health Teenagers and nutrition Unless, as fong provided/pr Cross-curticular - Science/Popular cultur healthy r Idioms: Healt of technology on Third conditional Mixed conditional Boe) Musicand film How teenagers consume: Ri nternational Cultural Kn« Glastonbury Festival Media habits Popular culture: noua Woodstock Song: Woodstock by Joni Mitchel rl sastes, The pasive:Verbs Cross-curicular- Sch ional pases with sa 0 aes ee ON Popular culture Passive infnitves Disaster mor Giving aid in a disaster and gerunds Everyday technology Useful inventions ross-currcuar = Computer scence: world bs and phrasal verbs 4ybrids by David Thorpe hn a Technology and computers Teaver ticle: The use of mobi # david Tho} hones Z q Report The us chology at sch bape sections eadlin Inversion national Cultural Knowledge abloids and quality papers saperheadlines Newspaper st Participle clauses ndirect questions Comparing newspay Question tags Pronunctation: Intonation eee aclu a) » Wordlists 136 Leelee EiSpeaking Exam success/Study skills Recipe for egg fied rice Planning a meal Cooking habits Reading: Prediction My favourite sport Making notes Negotiating and Use of English: Sentence transformations obtain ‘Speaking: Keep talking ‘Was to bene Writing: For-and-against and opinion essays A for-and-against essay Pronunciation: Word stress Project: An information Media habits Reading: Deducing meaning jn compound nouns brochure questionnaire Listening; Gist and specific information Film . a Sa ‘Speaking: Discussions and negotiation iim habits mt Discussions 1 (presenting Witing: Reviews and articles, Presenting an argument: Emphasis and examples supe) Reports on natural An opinion essay 2 (using Talking about natural Reading: Multiple choice disasters linkers correctly) disasters Listening: Tiue/Falee/Not given Film reviews Inventing plotforafim 5. aking: Paraphrasing ‘Animals predicting natural Talking about statistics disasters (numbers proportions, ting: Editing trends) Fractions and percentages Instructions Instructions Talking about technology Reading: Reference in a text Radio programme: Taking notes Discussions 2 Use of English: Cloze tests Hackers Project: Designing a Clarving and checking Speaking: Sentence stress peers problems and computer safety poster understanding ‘Writing: Reports Areport Taking mobile phones into lass News stories Linkers: A review Presentations 2 Reading: True/False/Not given ‘The press in Britain Amagazine article Opposing points of view Vocabulary: Collacation Arabbery Listening: Multiple choice Apresentation: Forand Writing: Stages against eel ite tet aot » Writing bank 158 » Additional activities 166 Ca licyell lah -1a Samoiar» Present simple, past simple, present continuous, past continuous | » resent perfect simple, present perfect continuous =bGerunds ard inintines abulary » Studying al university» Life at university.» do ané make faking Giving personel information — preferences to an informal email Complete the sentences witha 1 Sireheomeaerr ua aayn thei contes They want study 2 Auras tsunalyenys | ra 3 When yu hamay hom hem. eu become more. 44 Studens who dertveat nome oftentve in allot 5: Hfyouhavertgotercugh money to cay bigasnBiryou can siers 6. Atunverty, here ae os of habs Satan 1. Work witha partner. How many school or university subjects can you think of? a wlan 7 Universities have gyms, laboratories 2 Match these words with the definitions 1-8. and lots of other student assignment course lecture notes research term tutor tutorial 5 abroad 1 aplece freer have de apf jours ene 2. lesson wherea smal up of students clicis something witha teacher te. | 3 dteson era ing sro ofpeo xen oan exper an outs) a ipoeee } 4 aperiod of ime that the school year is divided friends | ] 5 thestudy of something to discover new facts 9 facilities | } 6 ateacherat university =. 7a SPEAKNG) Complete the questions | thinset you wnt don ep yout eee withthe wordsa-gin6, | 5 ead the text and pay attention tothe wordsin bold Deideif each wordisa Te viele i noun or a verb and what you think the meaning country? 7 | i ‘Most students at university are undergraduates. They are studying to 2 Would you prefer tolive at home or get a degree, There is usually continuous assessment of the students’ | ina tal of ? | i ‘coursework and assignments. The tutor gives a grade or mark for each 3. Isiteasytogeta student | eee orwork Stucets ually haveto tke exams to, Before exch exam, aise students need to revise their notes. If you fail an exam, you normally resit ifyou don'thave enough money the exam another day Of couse, you tually al auoratcally (£900 pov cheat, When you pass your final exams, you graduate, | - “ 4 Doyou find t easy to make new 4 Now usea dictionary to check your ideas in 3. 5 Doyou do any extra-curricular When you look up words in a cctionary do not just look atthe ist meaning that 6 What special appears. Many English words have mare than one meaning and can have more forstudents ae therein your school? than one form (eg, they can be a noun anda verb}. Lookat the introduction to your 7. Doyou consider youself 0 be dictionary to find out how itgivesinfrration about types of word, and aso how it ordo you need shows the pronunciation of the word. STUDY SKILLS > page 145 aha pea ACR Bo tn EGO ‘7b Use the questions to interview your 5 Listenin @®1.07 Listen to the vocabulary quiz and answer the questions 1-8. - partner.ta Workin pate Tink of aneaersro these eens \What athe advantages and sadvantages of studying atthe unter nyour home town? What arte advantages ang clsadancages of rain mentee mana {6 Compare your ides, 2 Read the comments from an Internet forum. Match the people below to one of the | comune | 1 Kshener assy heme | 2 it's better to study in another place, ai 3. Itfantbetter or worse to study at hom lyat home A Topcat storm 7 = wy In teading activities where you match questions 28-0242 or statements with different texts, remember 19.27 that the words inthe question may not be Top cat exactly the samme as the wards in the text. EXAM SUCCESS > page 149 3. Read the comments again. For questions 1-10, ‘choose from the four people (A-D). The people ‘may be chosen more than once. Which person + thinks that Anita needs to consider more specific questions before she decides? = 1 + bases his/her opinion on his/her ‘experience? 2 + bases his/her opinion on someone close tohim/ner? 3 ‘+ bases his/her opinion on what he/she wants? 4 c + talks about problems with concentration? + thinks that the decision of staying at home or moving away’ not final? 6 + says that first you need to find out what your university has got? + ishappy for his/her family to help him/her? + doesn't feel his/her life has changed much? 9 + wants to experience new things? 10 28-03-12 1934 Lotus | | 7 | e032 8 | 194s | storm 4 Find words in the text with similar meanings to these words. 1. university (colloquial) (Anita) 2. thesameas (Top Ca) 3 the way that two or more people act or behave together (Lotus questions, ideas (Lotus) along time (Storm) moments (Storm) Jobs at home (Sa-Ra) ° 29-03-12 1018 SaRa Nous 5 SPEAKING What about you? 1. What do you want to do when you finish school? 2. Where do you think itis better to go to university ~ inyour home town or somewhere else? Why? StudentHelpline The best place fore wih urversty te feuerher Hone > rus Gael Uns cin Qilsit better to go to the uni in yourhome town and stay at home or to move away to somewhere different? Next year I want to go and study at uni, but lim not sure if it’s better to stay at home and study here or if | should go and live in another city. What do you think? “At the moment Im doing a microbiology course at ‘the uni in my home town. | decided to stay here because | wanted to be close to my family and friends. But in the end most of my good friends went away to work or study at other universities. Living at home with my parents is OK, but it's difficult to make new friends because most of the other students live in halls of residence and they spend all their time ‘together. Another problem is that | haven't become very independent because my mum and dad stil help me with everything. Sometimes | think I'm at school, not at university. Don't be like me! ‘What's better! It depends on you, Nobody can decide for you. It depends on the relationship you have with your parents, It depends on your student loan too because it's usually cheaper to stay at home. Above all, it depends on the course you ‘want to study. Find out which is the best university for your subject. Maybe they don't teach it in your home town, Find out details about the course, the tutors, assessment, etc and compare them with ‘other places. What facilities has the university got for undergraduates? Choosing the right university is really important decision. It can change your life. Don't make your decision without thinking about the really important issues, Tve also been thinking about this question for ages, but now I've made my decision. 'm moving away. I've lived in my hame town all my life. Now I'd rather study in another city, maybe abroad, and see the world. | want to become independent. ‘You can always go home for the helidays and for special occasions. Remember, at university the summer holidays are really long. And when you finish university, you can decide to go back ifyou don't lke living away from home. But you always make more new friends when you live away from home. You have more time for extra-curricular activities, | love my mum and dad but it's ood to be able to come and go when you like without anybody asking where you're going and what time to expect you back. Last year my brother went away to study. He was living in a hall of residence at first, but then he found house with four friends, He was having a great time but then he started failing his exams. He sees that he needs to study more but i's impossible in the house. His friends are always having parties, making noise and doing everything except studying! He thinks I should study in my home town and live at hone because at home it's quiet and you can study. And he says you have more time because you don't have to do chores like the shopping or the washing. | think staying in my home town has lots of advantages. But I don't know if my parents agree!Grammar in context Ee Present simple, past simple, present continuous and past continuous Ja Look at the verbs in these sentences and name the tenses. 1 Atthe moment fm studying in my home town 2 Lastyear my brother went away t study. 3 Hewas having a greattime 4. His frends are alvays having partes and making noise. 5) You always make more new friends when you live away from home. 6 Hesees thathe needs to study more ‘Tb Which tense do we use when we want to talk about {a present routines and habits? actions that are happening now? ‘temporary actions in the present? changing situations in the present? finished actions or situations in the past? things that are always or generally true? activities in progress at a moment in the past? present states? actions that happen very often and are annoying and imitating? 2 Choose the correct alternative, 1. Thanks to yous | understandéam understanding now. 2 The moon goes/s going round the earth. 3. Listen! Somebody comes/s coming 4 Temperatures getlae getting higher each year. 5 | owefam loving watching fims. We alwoys gofareatways gaing othe cinema atthe weekend 6 Mybrother ual aik/isusualy walking to univers, but this week he goes/s gong by bus 7 Not again! My sister always takes/s alos taking my clothes. 8 Deyouwearlére you wearing a uniform at your school? 9 | don't agree/ am not agreeing that it’s better to study at home. 10 That course sounds/s sounding really interesting, 3. Explain the difference between these pairs of sentences. Ja The students stood up when the tutor came in ‘Tb The students were standing up when the tutor came in, 2a Ar quarter past ten we finished our tutorial 2b At quarter past ten we were finishing our tutorial 3a They were having lunch when we arrived, ‘3b They had lunch when we arrived. ‘4a She was making a film about a group of students, 4b She made a film about a group of students. 4 Complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs given. 1 What you (0) on your last holiday? 2 What ae YOU (do) atthis, time yesterday? BO What an YOU SUEY er) after schoo? 4 enenee anne YOU (ike) doing sport? 5 What you (do) atthe moment? 6 HOW ee YOU {Come} t0 schodl? 7 What ane YOU (do) atten lack ast right? 8 Whattime YOU oe (GO) 10 bed last night? ‘SPEAKING Use the questions in 4 to interview your partner. PRs Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous 6a Match sentences 1-4 with the explanation of their uses a-d. 1. Ive lived here for ages. 2. Ive visited lots of different cities. 3 Ive ust made a decision. My brother has gone away to university. ras An action that happened at an unspecified moment in the past, bAnaction which started in the past and continues in the present © A past action which has a result in the present, d_Anaction finished very recently. 6b Look at these sentences. Which use the present perfect simple and which use the present perfect continuous? How do we form these two tenses? 1. lve been trying to decide but | cant. 2 'vemade my decision, 3. vebeen thinking about this question for ages, 4 vewritten to four diferent universities. 6c Which tense, the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous, gives more importance to 1. the completion and result of an action? 2. the process and duration of an action? 3 how many times an action happens? 4 the fact that an action is temporary, incomplete or has finished very recently? (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > pace 16)7 2 10 ‘Work with a partner. These words often go with the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. How and why do we use the words? for since ever never just yet already For goes with periods of time ike three hours, ten minutes, a long time. Itgoes just before the time period. Rewrite the sentences using the correct tense and the words in 7,if necessary. 1. That artist has been painting more than a hundred paintings, 2. tve lived here for 2005, 3. We've been to that city in 2008, 4 Ive done this assignment for two weeks but | havent finished yet. 5 My friend has been having an accident. 6 Ive waited here fora bus for twenty minutes, 7 She's been faling si exams 8 They've been revising for that exam since five hours. 9 Oho! My keys and my wallet! lost them, 10 haven't been doing this exercise yet Complete these questions with the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. 1 Howllong have you .? Haw long have you been .? Have you ever .? How many times have you .2 What have you been .? ‘SPEAKING. Interview your partner with the completed questions in 9, Tell the class one interesting thing you found out about your partner. Peete kG do and make 1. Lookat these words. Do they usually go with do or ‘make? Write two lists. anassignment adecision well thedinner anexam the shopping the washing anolse chores _ friends acake course homework 2 Complete the rules with do or make. 1 Weusually use with work at school or university 2 We usually use with work around the house. 3 We usually use with things we produce, create or construct. 4 We usually use when we talk about activities in general 5 Weuse ‘with these words: ‘amistake, a decision, a noise, friends, an appointment, {an effort an excuse, money, progres, a phone call plan, a promise, an offer, asuggestion. 6 Weuse with these words: your best, a favour, busines, sport, your hair. 3 Complete the text with the correct form of do or make. Last year a good university (a) my brother an offer to study computer science there. He o) the decision to accept their offer He has 10 (¢) 2 loc of work, but his tutors say that he (d) very ‘well at the moment and that he (e) alot of progress. He has to (f) alot of theoretical exercises but he also has to @ practical assignments, Right now, for example, they (h) a simple computer from old parts. The only problem is that my brother is becoming unhealtiy because hhe never has time to () sports and he always eats out because he doesn't have time to () the shopping or co lunch or dinner. My murn says he needs o () an effort to (m) those simple chores, but | understand that it’s hard. There isnt time to ™ everything! 4a Choose three expressions with do and three with ‘make. Use the expressions to write questions to ask other people in your class. What do you think isthe best way to make money? How do you feel when you make mistakes speakir ps eae igpoaling What course would you like to deat university? 4b Use your questions to interview as many people as possible. ‘4c Tell the class something you found out about the other students.S International cultural knowledge Gap years S 1. Work with a partner. Lookat the pictures and describe what you can see. Would you like todo either of these activities? Why2/Why not? 2 stewie @1L02 Listen toa radio programme about gap years and answer the questions. 1 Whatisa gap year? 2 Who 3. When do people usually take a gap year 3 @ Listen again, Are these statements true) or false (F)? 1 People dit normaly haveagapyearinthe past, UF 2. People often decide to have 2 gp year because are ted of studying 3 People who tl ap years usually have alot of money, VE 4 Aap year hat course to study at uni ie 5 People normaly prefer travelling short distances during thelr gap year, u 6 Youneed to pay for everything yourself when you do 7 One way of spending a gap year Is teaching languages. 7 Universities always prefer taking students who have jone a gap year. 4 SPEAKING What about you? 1. What are the main advantage: ap year! 2 Would you ike to have a Whyzahy now and disadvantages of having a gap year when you finish sc Gap years Lookat these titles for texts about how five different people spent their gap years. Work with a partner. Predict what the people did A trip to remember for the rest. ¢ of my life j Sun + snow = relaxation ‘A long way trom home, helping people without a home © Boring but necessary ‘Opening my eyes to an t amazing new world Read this newspaper article about how the five students spent their gap years. Match the titles in 5 withthe texts ACE Read the texts again. Which student(s) planned hisher gap year fora long time? didnt make any plans? worked frst and then traveled? didn’t work during his/her gap year? Jeamt two languages? enjoyed being says that the gap year has helped him/her to be more postive when things go wrong? 8 thinks his/her gap year encouraged him/her to work hard at university? or seeing unusual animals? red living in bad conditions? 10 says that his/her gap year is going to influence his/her ice of acaree?look forward to stand on your feet the best or most excitn feel excited about something that is going to happen relating to the natural world andthe ‘effect that human activity has on environmental dive fare highlights do things for yourself without asking people to help you swim underwater money you pay for using types of public transport A Jason Scott | needed money to help me to pay for university | decided to take a job in my home town. I's ‘quite a smal town and the only work I could find was atthe local supermarket. | did't enjoy it at all but in some ways that was a good thing. made me realize that | never wanted to do ajob like that again. It motivated me to study hard to be able to get an interesting, creative job. One day while | was working a he supermarket | was feeling really bored ‘and depressed. That was wien | had the idea to use some ofthe ‘money | was making to pay fora week-iong holiday in New York when | finished my jo atthe supermarket, It gave me something to look forward to in the bad moments, B Gwen Laurie | did't plan my gap year at al. First | worked in a fast-food restaurant to mal money. | did't really know where | was going to go, but ke | wanted t travel. When | had enough ‘money | decided ta go sking in France. | found ‘job working in a bar there and spent six ‘months just skiing, learning French and making friends, After al that snow | wanted to see the sun $0 went to Spain, | eam basic Spanish and travelled all the way down the east coast, sometimes working but sometimas just spending my time on the beach. learnt how to become independent and stand on my own two feet, When my gap year finshed | was relaxed, full of energy and ready to study again C Sophie Jones For my gap year | wanted to experience something totaly new. I contacted a voluntary organization that works in India, helping poor hildren wha ve on the streets, It was really hard work at first because the problems that these children had were so sad. The conditions we lived in were not good. But the cildren we were helping lived in really terible conditions, sso how could we complain? Now, when Im studying at university and | have a problem, those children anc remember how lucky Iam. In my gap year | saw that the work | wes doing realy made 2 difference. | decided then that when [finish uni | want to do ajob where |can help others re as he FN just think about i) INSIDE INFORMATION 8 ERIM What about you? PEED Pe eas React Ss ‘9b Prepare a poster to advertise your gap year. Vote on the best. ‘My gap year had two very different parts, For the | fist stots woreda satan 0 Jake some mone, Then |cked for work nan exotic cour, On te wb I eur an organization J) that oes envrnmera research in Masagascar | contacted thm andthe took me on. The wel | experience wes jit amazing. We wer ing a cy te nose ta wes fl of range sects, but vet art howto ch. aught Els othe chien inthe vila were we were Tig, spe plants and arial that Jou ist ca’ se rye ee nthe wold wre wh people froma iret counties and ads. Tat ip waste start of ei for me E Sam Evans | knew exactly what | was going to doin my gap year. 've loved traveling since | was itl, so | decided years aga that whe finished schoo! | ‘was going to travel raund the world, | bought a ‘round-the-world’ ticket, which cost £1,800 and included all the clfferent fights and train and bus fares. The route was from London to Los Angeles, from LA to Fj and then the Cook Istands, from there to New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and then back to London, There were so many highlights! Riding an nt Thailand, swimming with dolphins in Australia, doing lure sports in New Zealand! | went to places that everybody wants to visit one day, but they start university and then work and they | ever find the time, ‘ince Willam and Pine Harry both tookap years when they fished chook ey wo helped orphaned chicrenin Lesctho don ofr in Aust ‘9 There are las of wetites thet help stud o plan gap years und the-worldrecur a SPEAKING Work with a partner. Read these statements made by students about revising for exams. Which ones do you think are a good idea? 1. ‘Reading your notes again and agains useful 2. ‘Wwsqood to revise with other studen 3 ‘Lalways go tothe library to revise: 4 ‘Irevise by reading my notes and then asking somebody to test me: 5. ‘icant stand revising so| leave all my revision to the last week before the exams: 6 ‘Ife tired and stressed when | revise so | go running or swimming to help me to lax 7 'My revision stat really Involves drinking lots of coffee and going to bed B ‘Lalways need 10 take a break after 45 0 inutes of study 9 "Thelast thing | do before the rea 10 ‘lavoid revising alot of subjects the points and hope they come up in the exam: fam Is to do a practice exam: ore the exam. | ust revise some of think reeding your notes again and again isa good idea. Idon't agree. | think its better to read your notes and then get somebody to ask you questions, lke in 4 LsTENING @ 1.03 Listen to two teenagers talking about revision, Which three ideas in 1 does the boy mention? Has he prepared well forthe exam? @ Listen again and choose the best answer (A, Bor C). 1 Last night the boy A cise atall. B didn't sleep much slept badly t us 2. The students found out about the exam four weeks ago, CC fourdays ago. 3. On Fiidays the bo A. goes ou B does spor € revise 4 Theboy A. doesntund inthe exam all the top B_ doesnt lke some of the topics in the exam, hasnt got information forall the topics in the exam, 5. The boy thinks he isn't going to pass the exam because A he needs to answer all the question: B_ he'sstudied the: pes Che's studied last year's exam, 6 The boy can't study during lunch because ‘A he goes home for lunch, B_ he doesn'thave enough time, Che hasn't got any books at school to study from, 4 SPEAKING What about you? 1. How-do you usually prepare for exams? 2 Doyou think your strategie re good? it 1 > Grammar in context Cnn Gerunds and infinitives 1 1. Match the statements 1-10 in Listening with these rules. Use one rule twice We use gerunds a asthe subject/object ofa sentence. 7 with goto tal about physical activites, after prepositions. after verbs of liking or disk (except when the verb after certain verbs tke We use infinitives £ toexplain why somebody something. immediately ater adjectives ertain verbs lke agree,2a Choose the correct alternative. Efficient revision It’ incredible (a) thinking/o think that we do hundreds of exams at school and university, but many students never pay much attention to how they revise. Here ae just some ideas to help you (b) rewsingco.sexsecfficenty. Some peaple think that (¢) revising/to revises a question of (d) sitting/te.sit down for hours and hours with their notes. Itisnt It's essential) takingéto tae frequent (but short!) breaks. This way our mind stays alert and active. Just (f) reading and readingdtaead. and sead is not very sensible either. After a while we think we know everything and we no longer pay attention to what we are reading. Instead of (@) daing/to da this read and then stop and answer questions. Why? (h) Seeing/To see if you have really understood what you have read That's one reason wiy it can be a really good idea to work with other students. Same people dont mind (O evising/toreyse alone but some people hat it. The good news for those people is that () discussing’ {adlsguss past exam questions with other students can really help (k) checking/tacheck hat you know what youte doing, And when you don't understand something, don't be too frightened (I) askingéta.ask other people for help. Lastly, don't forget (m) keepingéto keer healthy. Eat good food. Find enough time (n) sleeping and takina/ to.sleep.and take exercise, When your brain stops functioning, do sport, go (0) celinavo cycle, move your body, You know what the Romans said ~a healthy mind ina healthy body! 2b What do you think of the ideas in this text? {tsa good idea to toke lots ofshort breaks. can only concentrate for about an hour, then I need to stop revising. ‘can't revise n a group. get distracted. prefer to study alone. Exercise is really important to me. Ian study better after I've done some sport or gone for arun. 3a Complete the sentences with the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs given. 1 Plan your time atthe start to make sure that you have enough time (nish) the exam 2 (Start) the exam before you have read allthe questions can be a bad idea 3 Wesuggest exam, 4 Dorit write too fast or carelessly. You risk impression. 5 Think about (leave) yourself ME ne none (check) your work before you hand iti. 6 Avoid (wrte) our opinion unless the question specially asks fort 7 When a question involves... parts, make sure you answer them a 8 Check that you know how many questions you need (complete) because sometimes not all questions are obligatory. 9 Atternpt ‘answe)allthe questions that ae obligatory. (take) more than one pen or pencil into the (create) abad {answer) two or more different ‘3b Work with a partner. Think of more good advice for taking exams. 4 Find eight mistakes with gerunds or infinitives in this text. Five years ago we were doing a chemistry exam at school when the teacher found a boy who was looking at his notes during the exam. The bay, whose name ‘was Oliver, admitted to cheat. Naturally, the teacher forced him to rest the exam the week after. Nobody expected Oliver passing, | was good at chemistry and | liked Oliver so | decided to help him by study with him. We spent the next week studying really hard, Oliver didn't feel very canfident about passing, | suggested to study together the day before the exam and we agreed meeting in the evening, ‘Then we also arranged to meet on the morning befare the exam. While we were walking to school | asked him questions. By this time he knew al the answers and was feeling good. The exam began at nine clock and Oliver appeared finding the exam easy. In fact, he was one of the first to finish. He managed passing the ‘exam with 903%, He was really grateful and asked me ifthere was anything he could give me as a present. | ust asked him to promise not cheating again. fm really proud of Oliver because now he's at university studying chemistry! 5 Complete the sentences with a verb in the gerund or infinitive form. Make the sentences true for you. 1 Icantt stand 5 relax at the weekend by 2. don't mind 6 mreally interested in 3. sometimes go. 7 Fora realy good holiday, | suggest 4 | think its good. 8 Next year | realy want. 6 SPEAKING Work in groups. Compare your sentences in 5. Are any of your sentences the same? 7a SPEAKING Work with a partner. Complete the questions with a verb in the ‘gerund or infinitive form. Do you enioy.. in the evening? When you sleep, do you ever dream of Have you ever thought of Do you find it cfficult Have you ever considered Do you think that you are brave enough ‘Would you like to be the frst person 8B Doyouavoid at parties? ‘7b Use your questions to interview other students and make anote of any interesting or funny answers. 7¢ Tell the class some of the things you discovered.> Developing speaking Giving personal information — preferences 1. Read questions 1-6 and match them with one of the categories AD. 1. What do you like about the place where you live? 2 What would youlike todo when you finish studying at school? 3 Are you happier studying alone corwith other people? 4 What things do you enjoy doing with your fiends? 5 Doyau like going to parties? Are you happier doing mental (or physical work? your home and family your interests your stucies/work your plans for the future gne> 2 \srewino @ 1.08 Listen tosixstudents answering the questions in 1. Match each student to one ofthe questions. Student A Student B Student ¢ Student D Student € Student F 3 @ Listen again. Make a note of the students’ ‘answers and any reasons or personal details they give. Do you thinkall the students answer the questions well? Why2/Why not? 4 SPEAKING Work with a partner. Take it in turns to ask and answer the questions in 1. Remember to give reasons and personal details. 5 Study different ways of expressing preferences in the Speaking Bank, then do exercise 6. eens rus Express prefer + Ipreferrevsing alone. + Ipreferstudying alone to studying with other people, 1g preferences would prefer +d prefer to bea translator (than a musician) + [prefer notto study music + My parents would prefer me ta do more exercise would rather + fdratherliveinabigcty + fa rather not vein a smal own + (arather study than work + They'd rather studled music ‘+ Myparents would rather Idan‘ stuay alone 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given. 1 I prefer (play) football to {do} homework. 2 Idrather (go) by bus than (walk) 3. Shed prefer 4 Idratheryou 5. She'd prefer us, individually. She prefers 7. Hed rather we email (not stay) in at the weekend, (not use) my computer (do) our homework write) essays by hand, (send) him our hornework by Practice makes perfect Ta SPEAKING Work n pairs. Ask and answer the questions. Give reasons and personal details and use expressions from the Speaking Bank. ‘Student A: Ask these questions. 1 Which subject’) do you prefer studying? 2. Would you rather study at home ain alitvary? 3. Would you like to have a gap year between school and Lniversity/work, or would you prefer to stat straight away? ‘Student B; Ask these questions. 1 Would you prefer to study in your country or abroad? 2 Doyouprefer studying with books or using a computer? 3 Would you ratherhave a school uniform or wear what you lke? ‘7b Change partners and repeat. ‘To speak English well we need a balance between accuracy and fluency. Accuracy means how correct our use of grammar is when we speak. Fluency means whether we can speak continuously in English without stopping frequently to think about what we want 0 say next, STUDY SKILLS > page 145See siee awaits 1 Read this email from an English boy called Paul to a friend who lives in another country. Underline the four main pieces of information that Paul wants from his friend. anastasia NEE ait itieenensiascitiaaemmeata: > Re mS Hil Sorry | haven't written for a long time but Ive been doing ry final exams. | think I've done OK. | hope I've passed them alll What about you? What have you been doing recently? | think mentioned in my last email that next year my idea is | tohave a gap year. | want to travel to lots of different places, and | thought itd be great to come and visit you. When is the best time of year to visit your country? It'd be great to start learning your language while Im there, 00. What do you think is a good way for me to do that? Maybe after 've spent some time there with you, youd like to come back with me and visit my family in England. Ifo, tell me what type of things you'd like to do here. ‘Anyway, 'm going out with my friends now 10 celebrate the end of our exams. Write back soon! Best wishes, Paul | 2. Think about the style of the email in 1. What things in the 4 Work with a partner. Imagine that you have received Paul's text are typical of informal emails? email. Make notes about the information that he wants exclamation marks What have you heen doing recentiv? — assignments at school, went away with family last weekend, started 3. Lookat the expressions in the Writing Bank. What do we going running use each group of expressions for? Can you add any other es cech rear yousdd any 5. Youare going to wrtea reply to Paul. With your partner, make a paragraph plan. Decide what information to include in each paragraph. Paragraph 1 ~ Thank Paul for his email. Tell him what I've eis rud Useful words and expressions in informal emails beer doing + HL. Dear + Thanks for your last email Practice makes perfect It was great to hear from you, Sorry [haven't written for along time. lim writing to tell you about © Write your reply to Paul. Use your notes and paragraph plan to help you. Write between 120 and 150 words. + Howareyou? — Howare things? Aire you doing exams/on holiday at the moment? Inthis type of writing exercise, follow the instructions carefully + Bytheway, — Anyway, You lose marks if your reply does not include all the necessary + Wiliebecksdon. Thats ornon =e fee part Information or fits notin the correct style Best wishes, All the best, EXAM SUCCESS » page 149Language reference and revision [Refers lme seus Present perfect simple We use the present perfect simple to tak about: 1 ghoxperience in someone's lifetime, without saying the 3_actions or sitations that began inthe past but continue inthe texact time when the event occured, What significant present isthe actual experience, not when it happened. ‘Mark’ lved here for ten years. (~Matk started tolive hee ten Tee seen Coldplay in concert. yeats ago and he stilives ere nove) 2 recent events which havea resultin the present. 4. actions that finshed very recent “She's lst her bag. She stil hasn't found it) They've just had an accident. Present perfect continuous “The present perfect continuous has basicaly the same meaning as the present perfect simple, However, we use the continuous when we want to emphasize the process and duration ofan action. Tre been studying in tis school for more than five months. For that reason fan action is very short, we cant use the continuous form, Hee beer breaking the wird. We also use the continuous to emphasize thet an action finished very recently ors incomplete Tee heen washing the ashes an my hands are wet because lonly finished a second ago. tfve want to emphasize the competion and result ofan action, or how many tes an action happens, we must use the present perfect simple Tie painted my bedroom. (1s finished) ('ve seen that fibm three tomes. Gerunds and infinitives 1 We use the gerund: We use the infinitive: as the subject of a sentence. +0 explain why somebody does something Stusying is hard but interesting Why dhe go to university? To.study languages after prepostions immediately after adjectives Tin interested in studying history 185 good to revise with ther peeple. after verbs of liking or disiking, eg. lite, love, enjoy, can't stand, don't after too, enough, the fst, the as. mind, hae 15 too cold togo out. Lenjoy watching TV. after certain verbs, such as want, lear, agree, decide, expect, hope, seer, with goto talk about physical activities. ‘ry, would ike, appear, arange, sk atte, encourage, force, manage, pp rennin, swimming, cling shopping, fishing hep, nee, promise Iusant to work for a newspaper ‘after certain verbs like admit avoid, consider, nwotve, risk, suggest. 1 suggest staying this book Perel Telco 1 Studying at university 3 doand make assignment cheat course _continuousassessment dot an assignment, an exam, a course, homework, the degree fell grade/mark graduate lecture shopping, the washing, chores, wel your best, a favour, rrotes pass research resit’ revise term — tutor business sport, your hair tutorial undergraduate make: the dinner, cake, a decision, a noise friends, ¢ mistake, i i an appointment, an effort, an excuse, money, progress, a phone 2 Life at university call, aplan,a promise, an offer, suggestion become independent extra-curricular activities hhall of residence makenew friends student facilities 4 Other words and phrases page 136 studentloan study abroadPresent simple, past simple, present continuous and past continuous 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given. Normally (a)... (not study) n the summer, but this summer I (b) (a0) to special musiclessons because | () Guitar. Two or three weeks ago |). when my mum)... (come) into my bedroom and (*) electric guitar! Thats why right now I(g) homework, not school homework! WORKBOOK > page + Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous 2 Choose the correct alternative. 1. Have you switched/been switching off the TV? 2. My feet are tired. ve stoad/been standing here for hours 3. We love this film! We've seen/been seeing It five times, 4. This is my American friend, She's stayed/been staying at my house but she (goes back to the USA tomorrow. Your eyes are wet. Why have you gried/been crying? 6 That's it! ve fnished/been finishing my assignment. WORKBOOK > page 4 Studying at university 1. Complete the sentences: these words. 2 Life at university Write words to complete the sentences. Gerunds and infinitives 1 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use (want) to lear to play the between two and five words. (Study) foran exam one evening 1 Don't do that because theresa chance you'l fll RISK. (Give) mean Don't do that because you (do) my homework — guitar 2 He loves to ride his bike atthe weekend, GO He loves... at the weekend 3. Ithink ts terrible ro get up early, STAND Wau ty 4. thinkit’s essential to have a valid passport. PASSPORT Ithink_____ is essential 5 Please think about joining our club. CONSIDER Please .__..ourclub. 6 Nobody finished the exam before Sarah, FIRST Sarah was... the exam. 7 Itwould be great to see him in concert next week Love | cui in concert next week, WORKBOOK > page 7 C 7p aint ‘There are two extra words. tutorial lecture fail pass notes tutor undergraduate degree marks 1. Thope! don't... }don't want to rest the exam, next month. 2. Igotan At and a B for my last two pieces of work What.....__ did you get? 3. Can borrow the. you took in yesterday's history class? | couldnt come because | was. 4 I need to speak to my... because Im having some problems with my studies at the moment. 5 Mybrother graduated last year. His. isin economics. 6 Thiscourse is only for....__ students ~ people studying at university for the frst time. 7 The professor gave a really interesting were 200 people there. WORKBOOK > page2 There 1 Some people study 2. Ineed to ask for a student pay for my studies. 3. This university has got great The science laboratories, for example, are amongst the best in the country. 4 It’sgood tobe [ive with other students in a 6 activities can help to take your mind off your studies. instead of studying in thelr own country. because | don’t have enough money to and to do things for yourself of residence. WORKBOOK > page2 do and make 3. Put these words in the correct columns. afavour a suggestion a decision the lunch, aplan the shopping progress a Sa WORKBOOK > page 5 17Work conditions Work with a partner. Try to think of one job for each letter of the alphabet. A architect, B builder worker Read these job descriptions. What are the jobs? — Yount really need spacial qualifications to do my job, excopt for adeving licence. Ideal with the pubic lm responsible for gecting they want togo.| think Ihave quite a stressful job because of the traffic and because my passengers are of hurry | work outdoors, but because mnie my’ carl workin qu 4004 conditions. |i sel-emplayed, not anemployeeinacorpany don'teamnavery good salary, f chem whe oi 1 Lofien workin very dangerous conditions. One day 1d jut like to work indoors in a office an do paperwork, or nuayhe even } | | manual work. in not very well paid, considering the problems Lave to deal with 1s a filled job because you need special training todo For example, you need to learn fw to use dhiferent weapons or fow ta control a big erowd of people. But really is experience ht eps you earn to deal Look again at the expressions in bold. Check that you understand what they mean. Use a dictionary if necessary. Listenin @1105 Usten to four people describing ther jobs. Match each person to one of these jobs. bankmanager farmer firefighter miner nurse personal assistant (PA) pilot school caretaker software designer teacher 1 3 2 4 ‘SPEAKING. Work with a partner. Describe a job using the expressions in bold in 2. Can your partner guess the job? ‘Grammar Norking » Past perfect simple and continuous » Past and present he » Gerunds and infnitves 2 Mocabutary »Work and jobs conditions, stages, phasal verbs, etc Speaking » Stimulus-based discussions 1 » An opinion essay 1 6 Match these expressions with the definitions 1-5. There are two extra expressions. Check that you understand what these mean. beonflexitime do shiftwork work from nine tofive work full-time worklonghours workovertime work part-time 1 you have flexible working hours 2. sometimes you work during the day and sometimes during the night 3. you work extra hours 4 you spenda long time 5 you don't workall day forking Work with a partner. In which jobs or situations do you thinkit is common to 1 work overtime? 2. doshift work? 3. work long hours? 4 fork from nine ta five? ges of a job a Put these different stages in a logical order. apply for ajob be offereda job become unemployed befired get promotion look fora job Listenine @ 1.06 Usten and check. Match the expressions 1-4 with their meanings a-d. Usea dictionary if necessary. 1. bemade redundant 2. be sacked/ired/dismissed 3. retire 4 resign state formally that you are leaving a job permanently stop working, usually because you are officaly too old to ¢ lose your job, usually for doing something wrong lose your job because your Job is no longer necessary ork SPEAKING. Work with a partner. Talk about your work plans. Ui like to find a job as a software designer, designing games. fd prefer to work from nine to five. fer a few years Id like to get promotion «and be responsible for designing my own game. Ba1 ‘SPEAKING Work with a partner. Read the title of the article and look at the photo. Can you guess the man’s job? Read the article, Match paragraphs A-E with these summaries. 1 what Ben did when he had this job why Ben was a oreat candidate forthe job ‘what the job consisted of how they selected the best person forthe job Ben's ife after the best job in the world The best job in the werld In May 2009 a34-year-old British man called Ben Southall was ‘offered the best job in the world. The job was as caretaker of a tropical island in Queenslancl Australia. The job was full-time but only lasted six months. involved looking after the sland but also doing every activity that tourism offers in Queensland wawn surfing, sailing lyingand diving to name just afew Then Ben hhad to write about it ina blog. The main idea of the job was to promte tourismin this beautiful part of the world. As the name tthe best joh in the world suggests, the job canse with a great salary and hrilliant conditions, How would you feel about living Inathree bedroom luxury villa with a private swimming pool Fight next to the beach? Or having your own golf bugey todrive around andexplore the island where you lived? 8 Its probably no surprise that more than 34,000 people fram allover the world applied for the job. To apply; people made o-second videos to show why they were the ideal person for the job. Tourism Queensland, the organization offering the Job, chose their favourite50, and then just 1, Those 16 people included students, journalists, TV presenters, photographers, receptionist, radio Dds. teachers and actors. They travelled to Queensland to take part in different activities such as swimmingand blogging, Onthe these tasksand tests, Tourism Queensland decided to give the}ob to Ben. Om his video application, Ben had impressed everyone by viding, an ostrich, kissing.a giraffe and trekking through Africa, In fact, the year before, Ben drave all around Africa to raise money for charity. For 22months, he had been organizing and taking part insportsevents such asclimbing mountains and running Read the article again. Are these statements true (1), false (F) ors the information not given (NG)? When the answer is true or false, write the number of the line(s) where you found the answer. 1 The “best job in the world’ involved simply doing what a normal tourist does all daylong, 2 The ob came with accommodation. 3 Tourism Queensland knew that the job would attract all sorts of people from lots of different countries 4 Tourism Queensland only met sixteen candidetes in person, 5 Ben's main reasons for going to Africa were allsporis-based 6 Ben's previous experience was not very relevant to the job in Australia, 7 Ben got very tired of communicating with the media every day. 8 Ben created a great impression on his bosses. ‘marathons. Hen has a degree in science, but that wasn't the as a tour guide. written newspaper and magazine articles, given Interviews andl kept a video blog to share his experiences in Arica with others. D Ben loved the job but he certainly worked longhours.tedidnt | tse to have much time for just siting back and relaxing. He would work up to 19 hours a day, seven days a week. Each day he would do a number of promotional events and press conferences. When the six month job finished, Ben had visited 90 wore than different locations, made47 video diaries and gives 250 interviews. The worst part for him was thatat the endl of ‘each day he used to have to sit up late blo pictures. And although the conditions were great, there was {ngand uploading ‘one dangerous incident. In the last week ofthe job, Ben jumped fut ofa boat into the seaand an trukand)iellyfish stung him «6 People have died from these stings, but luckily alocal doctor immediately knew what to doand after six uncomfortable hours Ben was fine again, E Amodk Tourism Queensland immediately offered him a new job. They #9 gave himan i&month contract, thistime to travel allaround the ‘world promoting Queensland as a tourist location. Could that be the second-best job in the world? o| employee, when Ben's ob on Hamilton Island finished, [ 4 Match the underlined words in the text with these definitions. 1. attract people's attention to something collect give or tell «big African bird with along neck that can run but cannot fly ‘good example soft, round, transparent sea animal making @ long and dificut journey on foot expensive and of very good quality a small car used for travelling over dificult ground using something totake a decision 1 ‘5a Work with a partner. Imagine that you are going to meet Ben Southall. Write five questions to ask him. ‘Sb SPEAKING Change partners. Take it in turns to ask and answer the questions. 6 What about you? 1. Doyou think ths really isthe best job in the world? Why?/ Why no 2. What is more important to you in a job ~ the salary or the conditions? Why?ramm PEs Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous ‘1a Read the sentence and decide which action happened first. ‘When the sit-month job finished, Ben had visited 90 different locations. 1. The job finished. 2. Ben visited 90 different locations. ‘Th Choose the correct alternative. ‘We use the past perfect simple to tak about actions that happened aftewbefore another action in the past. 2 Complete the sentences using the past simple or past perfect simple form of the verbs given. 1. The teacher didn't let her do the exam because when she attived, the exam (start. 2. When she (write) her letter of application, she sentit. 3. He unlocked the door and (step) inside 4. Before today’s conversation | (not speak) to the boss 5) When the wind (blow), the leaves on the trees shook. 6 They didn't want to see the film again because they non (S00) twice already. 7 They weren't hungry because they (eat) 3 Choose the best alternative. 1 We had waited/been wating for an hour when finally the director artved. 2 They were tired because they have/had been running for more than an hour. 3. By the time we got there, they had eaten/been eating all the food. 4 He had written/peen uniting three novels by the time he was twenty-five 5 She couldn't open the door because she had lost/been losing the key. 6 When I saw her face, knew she had cried/agen coving fora long time. 7 The two students couldn't do the exercise because they had talked/oeen talking non-stop throughout the sixty-minute lesson. 4a Invent endings for these sentences. Use verbs in the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous. 1. Thelitle boy was crying because... somebody had stolen his sweets. His parents were angry with him because ‘When they got home they were soaking wet because She elt really sleepy because Wie di really welln the exam because My hands were dirty because The teacher was very happy with the class because My arms were ted because eVounUN ‘Te Read these two sentences. Which sentence gives more importance to the duration of the action? Which gives ‘more importance to the completion of the action? 1. For 12 months, he had been organizing and taking part in sports events 2. He had already worked as a tour guide ‘1d Which sentence in 1c uses the past perfect continuous? How do we form the past perfect continuous? (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > pace 28 ) 4b SPEAKING Compare your sentences with a partner. Are any the same? Cees Past habits Sa Read these sentences and answer the questions. ‘Atthe end of each day, he used to have to sit up late blogging and uploading pictures. He didn’t use to have much time for just sitting backand relaxing He would work up to 19 hours a day, seven days aweek jellyfish stung him. Which activities in a~d are things that happened regularly? ‘What happened just once? Sb Read rules 1-5 and complete rules 1 and 2 with used to, would or the past simple. Weuse and total about past habits. Weuse events inthe past \We use vould with past actions but not pas states. He would arrive late. NOT te wonts betate. zs used to ike his job. NOT te vrvet teks We do not usually use wouldnt to talk about past habits He didn't use to go to bed earl. NOT He woulds't gto beat earl. When we give a period of time, we use the past simple, not used to. He used to live on an island. He lived on the eae fries months. NOT tensed to tive or (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 28 __.to talk about single[pew rete 6a How was life different 200 years ago? Complete the sentences with used to or didn’t use to and these verbs. be eat have learn play throw travel walk 1 People by horse, 2 They computers, 3. They from ane place to another more than they donow. 4. Generally they. healthy food 5. Simpleilinesses very dangerous, 6 People ‘musical instruments, not CDs. 7 Most people: ‘away so much rubbish as they do now. Latin. Educated people 6b In which sentences in 6a can you replace used to with would? 7 Complete the text with used to and would with the verbs given, or the past simple form of the verbs given. Sometimes there is ‘more than one possible answer. When both used to or would are possible, use would. My grandfather i 8, but when he was ayoung man he ta) (work) asa postman. He (b) (ike) hisjob: He) (get up) eariy every morning and collect all the letters. those days, people d) thot have) computers, the intemet or email so they (@) ite) leters quite often. The only problems my grandfather had were with dogs. When he was a postman, he () thate) them! (Not now ~ now he has three dogs in his housed) One day, this enormous dog (g) Gump) out. (bite) him really badly and my grandfather i) {need} t0.g0 to hospital. But in general | remember that he (). {ft complain) about his job, Complete these sentences so they are true for you. Copy your finished sentences onto a piece of paper. 1 Lused to at the weekends, but now I don't, 2. I didn't use to at the weekends, but now Ido, 3. used to in the evenings, I dirt use to {at school, but now Ido, 4 5 When | was at primary school, | would 6 Once when | was at primary school, Sb SPEAKING Your teacher is going to read out some of the sentences. Who do you think wrote them? ee 1 Phrasal verbs connected with work ‘Match the phrasal verbs in bold in sentences 1-7 with their meanings a- 1 Ifyou want to get ahead, you need to work hard, 2. He applied for a job in an intemational company bout they turned him down, 3. She took over the projectlast year. k'shers now, 4 They're going toset up anew office in Tokyo. 5 6 This new jobs hard but 'm going to keep at it. We're working on 3 new product to get it just right. 7 Toapply for the job, you must fill in this form, spend time producing or improving something start (3 business, organization, etc) ‘continue working at something even if you want to stop progress faster than other people 2 write information such as your name and address an adacument f not accept an offer, request or application 9. take control of something consist ofa verb and one or two. Particles (prepositions or adverbs), The meaning of Phrasal verbs is not always easy to guess from the vverb or particles. Use a dictionary but be careful because the same phrasal verb can have different ‘meanings, STUDY SKILLS » page 145 Phrasal ve" Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in 1. 1. Donttstop trying! it 2. Imambitious.I want to and get to the top of the company, 3. Don't forget to this section of the questionnaire with your address. 4. They offered me promotion but 1 it because | didn't want any mare responsibility 5. Youneed a lotof money and original ideas to anew business. 6 Lets this project first and when we finish we can lookat something els. 7 We used to bean independent company, but a big Japanese company. us lest year Complete the questions with the correct particle. Then ask and answer the questions in pairs. 1 Areyou working school at the momen? 2 When something is cfficult, do you usually ke itor not? i; 3. Have you everflled an official form? Why? 4) What qualities do you think you possess to get ina job? 5 What business would you like to set_....? any assignments at —— elThe language Cross-curricular — Economics Learning English for work 1. Look at the football players in the photos and answerthe eres Pesan Past ere) Beene Pee eos Read the article, then look atthe tite. Do you: Peer ee Cea An Non-EU football stars j have to take English test lees and managers Firs san English test in the UK under new immigration Football stars from outside che European Union ate considered skilled workers, They need to have demonstrate th basic knowledge of English before they receive work visas lasting up t0 three yeats, However, thei wives and girlfriends do not need to pass @ language test Liam Byrne, he immigration minister, said the Goverment ed about rot including South American though ‘long and k and African stars i the rules, but decided thar would be ‘un-Brits He added, ‘Most of them will be ‘well-off enough to afford a decent Top English teams have taken many non-EU players. The Argentine Carlos’Tevez was said co have had problems with the language when he joined his first English club. Thi Brazilians Alfonso Alves and Elano also appear to be less than fluent in English Meanwhile, the Government has calmed fears chat new rules could affece foreign musicians and actors They will receive short visas 10 cover the period of their vist. This isa also applies to sports stars in competitions such as the Oly The restrictions on skilled workers, including teachers, nurses and engineers, form part of the Government's poins-based immigration system. They follow new rules already announced for ly-slled’ migrants such as jgeons, computer specialists and As well as using she English tests, companies now need to show they could not find British workers to Ado the job by advertising in Job nttes They also have to show hat the employees they take on re qualified and earn more than 4,000 a yea Some people think thar the ne points system will be good because i will give British job-seekers the fist to apply for jobs and only the However, others warn Britain must not shut its borders to those people who can help the country’s economy diversify and grovt They say that Britain needs to look for top global ralen, not give jobs to British people just because they are British How the points system works Tier one: Highly skilled ‘Wealthy sled professionals considered automaticaly 1 have enough points to work in Britain, whether they have ajob offer oF no. eee They need to have ajob offerand enough points on skils and qualifications. They need to speak English and their ob has to be advertised fist inthe UK ener! Includes obs in foad processing and agriculture ‘The Government thinks these vacancies can be filed from the European Union, ‘Only for recognized courses and institutions oaieicu eee Covers snort stars and musicians coming infor single events. INSIDE INFORMATION.Read the article again and complete the sentences. Useno SPEAKING What about you? eee st oces errinie article Tovrea ans Wh ‘What do you think of the Idea of doing a language test to 1 Non-furopean footballers have to have a live and work in a new country? Explain your opinion. of English in order to get a work visa 2 Liam Byrne thinks that the majority of foreign players are to pay for language lessons. 3 People fiom other countries who are touring Britain will get Scr isiay Match the words and definitions. to be abe to enter the county 1 immigration a visting one place ater another 4 The changesin the immigration system affect 2. afford people who are looking fora job workers 3. touring ¢_official lines separating countries 5. Bitsh companies can only take on foreign workers after engender the job to British people. Grane something 6 cet PET PERRIS ss 6 jobeskers @ develop new products or atvties See 10B8 ee alveys ol 7 borders doctorwho does operations Hin ieed Weeds needs a 8 diversify people who travel toa diferent 7. Highly skilled workers do not need a t v. country to stay there bbe able to enter the UK. 8 The government expects foreign people who work in farming 3 and agriculture in the UK to be from the 9) Non-European students have to study at colleges or academies. the process where people enter a country to live there Sisk S — Cross-curricular — Language Learning workplace jargon 5 Lookat these words and expressions. They are all ‘examples of ‘workplace jargon’. Work with a partner. Can you guess the meaning of the words and ‘expressions? 1 deskfast 5 knife-ande-forkit aad, 2. aldesko 6 think outside the box 3 alacar 7 blue sky thinking 4 eat reality sandwiches 8 win-win olution 6 stews @ 107 Ustentoa profesor oflingustcs explaining what the words and expressions in 5 mean. Make notes about what he says = 7 @ Usten again and complete the sentences. F Use no more than four words in each space. 1 Afdesto is based onan phrase which means eating 2. Ala carte means choosing what you want to eat from 3. Some people don't ike workplace jargon because it makes Blue sky thinking sometimes has a meaning. 5 The example of a win-win solution is when you a product in a supermarket and 8 SPEAKING What about you? 1. Doyou use any language that only teenagers use? 2 Doyou thinkjargon is a good or bad thing? » unit2 23RS hia ‘1 SPEAKING: Work with a partner. Read this extract from a newspaper article. Do you think ‘helicopter parents’ are a.good thing or a bad thing? Why? BR sasit alot of reoplhave sare alkngabout “helicopter parents’. These parents pay very close attention to their children and try to solve all their problems, even when they are at university and ‘when they start work. They insist on helping their children, whether their children need them or not. Lookat the next task Before you listen, i's good idea to read the questions and underline any important information. When you listen, remember that you are listening forthe ideas, not ust the words that exoress them. EXAM SUCCESS > page 149 2 usTeNIne @ 1.08 Youare going to hear five people talking about helicopter parents. Choose from the list (A-F) the opinion each speaker expresses. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter. ‘A. |tumed somebody down because oftheir helicopter parent. BI think a parent's job is to help their children when they ean CC 1know probably make mistakes, but Ineed to be independent D_ don't thinkyou can make decisions fr your children E I think everybody needs a helicopter parent. F Tye started o seea change in the way people behave where work Speaker | Speaker 2 ‘Speaker 3 Spealer4 Spealer 5 3a Lookat the sentences. Which alternative do you think the speakers used in the interviews? I stopped ta.be/being a child when | left school ‘One student forgot ro.came/coming for an exam, tke to make/inaking fe easy for my kids. | was doing something important but I stopped to.prep preparing myself for an interview with a twenty-three year-old science graduate, 3b @ Listen again and choose the correct alternative. 4 ‘SPEAKING What about you? Do you think your parents are ‘helicopter parents?” Why2/ Why nor? Unit 2 I can't remember to set/seeing so many parents as this year, > Grammar in context Penna Gerunds and infinitives 2 ‘Ja Read the pairs of sentences. In which pair do the two sentences have different meanings? Whats the difference? Ja I started working, tb | started to work. 2a | stopped working 2b | stopped to work, ‘Tb Match the verbs + gerund/infinitive with the correct meaning. 1 stop todo 2. stop doing {2 youstop one activity because you want or need to do another activity bb youre doing something and then you stop 3 remember todo 4 remember doing {2 youdo something and then you remember it later you remember you need to do something and then you do it 5 forget odo 6 forget doing {2 youdor't do something that you intended to do b_youdid something but now you don't remember it 7 liketo do 8 tke doing 2 youdo something because you enjoy doing it bb youdo something because you think sa ood idea GRAMMAR REFERENCE > pave 28 2. Choose the correct alternative. 1 remember fo,ay/olaying inthe sand when | was young, 2. The teacher's angry because | forgot to,da/doing my homework 3. ike zo ga/g0ing to the dentist twice a year. We stopped toeat/eating because we were hungry 5 Didyou forget to bring/bringing a pen? Don't worry, Ive gota spare one. 6 Can you remember 1 guediting this to Danny when you see him tomorrow? 7 You look really healthy now that you've stopped fesmokey smoking. 8 My dad ikes a gevoetting up early because that means he can finish work early too,CEs Present habits 7a Read these sentences. They all talk about present habits. Which three different tenses are used in the sentences? 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar ‘meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use between two and five words. 1. didn't send that letter yesterday because | didn't remember, FORGOT I yesterday. 2. He thinks i's important to wear a te for interviews, LIKES He for interviews. 3. You always call me when I'm at work. Please don't STOP Please when tim at work! 4 Don't worry. Yesterday | sent that emall | didn’t forget REMEMBERED Don't worry Yesterday. that email 5 | think watching footbal is really good fun, UKE Tenuta fall 6 My mum stopped work and had a coffee. HAVE, Mymum stopped work... acoffee, 7 saw that group in concert. il never forget. REMEMBER H that group in concert. 8 Make the dinner tonight. Please don't forget! REMEMBER PleaSe nnn the dinner tonight, 4 Write complete sentences about these things. 1. something unusual you remember doing when you were at, primary school 2 something that you remembered to do last week 3. something important that you once forgot to do 4 something that you enjoy doing 5 something that you don't realy enjoy doing but you thinks a good idea 6 something that you did when you were younger but that you stopped 5 SPEAKING Work with a partner. Compare your sentences. Ask your partner follow-up questions. remember breaking my arm when | was at primary school. How did you do it? was playing with my friends in the playground and | fell. 6a LISTENING @1.09 Listen to the sentences and mark the word which the speaker emphasizes most. 1. They're constantly atving late You'e always saying that She will nterrupt me He's forever talking about football They will leave the lights on. 6b Practise saying the sentences. Stress the appropriate word in each sentence. | always get up early ‘My mum is constantly calling me. She will tell me what to do all the time. They'll often come to tak about their son's exams. ‘My parents are always giving me presents. 7b Read these explanations of the way we use these tenses and match them with the sentences in 7a. a The common way of talking about present habits with the present simple. b_ Weuse the present continuous with alvays, constantly, forever, continually for habits that areiritating or annoying € We can aso use the present continuous with always, constantly forever, continually for habits that are in some way unusual We can use will for repeated or habitual behaviour. We put stress on will when we are annoyed or irritate. (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 28 ) 8a Complete the mini-dialogues using the correct form of these words. Use will or the present continuous and always, constantly, forever or continually. borrow leave play say What's the matter? It's my brother, He his music really loud. 2. A: AreyouOK? No. | haven't got anything ta wear. My sister my clothes! 3. Az You'e angry with me, aren't you? Yes, lam. You your dirty plates on the table. 4A: Why don't you like this TV presenter? B: He the same things. ‘Bb SPEAKING Work with a partner. Practise sayit dialogues with the correct stress. ig the 9 SPEAKING Talk about things that people do that annoy you. ‘My brother is always taking ‘my CDs and losing them,ing Stimul gy Percentage of UK adults who are long-term unemployed 20 — Aged 16-24 — Aged 25 to retirement SERTPERREREERER Source: Labour Force Survey, ONS, UK I's clear that educational qualifications affect your chances of ‘finding a job, and of finding a job with a good salary Joe Smith, Sociologist Number of young people out of work rises again because of economic recession o Young women who are badly paid (less than £7 an hour: 26% Young men who are badly paid (less than £7 an hourk 11386 1. Find the following elements on this page and write the letters next to their descriptions. 1 aheadtine 2 aquote 3. astatistic 4 aline graph _ 2 Label the pictures with these words. alinegraph abargraph apie chart 1 2 3} ‘3 SPEAKING Work with a partner. What topic connectsall the different elements? 4 usTeninc @ 1.10 In what order does the speaker mention the different elements? Listen and write the letters A-D in the order you hear them. First... Second... Third Fourth 5 @ Listen again and tick the expressions you hear in the Speaking Bank. Aura Useful expressions in stimulus-based discussions + Themain dea of the materials. + Allofthe materials to do with +The material hee is linked to the topic of + Thenewspaper headline states that. + The headline suggests that + Thegraph shows tht.. + Inthe photo, ican see. + Thepphoto illustrates + There's an interesting quote fom .« + Thequote suggests that . + Wecan see from the statistics that. +The statistics show that. + Tosumup.. 6 SPEAKING Work witha partner. Take itin turns to talk about the different elements on this page. Use expressions from the Speaking Bank. Practice makes perfect 7a SPEAKING Look at the material on page 166. Decide what the general topicis and what each different element is about. ‘7b Work with a partner. Take it in turns to talk about the topic. In this type of tas, ist look at al the stimuli and decide what the general topicis. Then check that Yyou understand the content of ech cifferent Stimulus. Make notes about your ideas but dont simply read them aloud in the exam. Use them as a framework for your talk to remind you what to say next. | EXAM SUCCESS > page 149 Unit 2aceite aa Developing writing An o 11 Workin pairs. Read this writing task. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Why? Write notes about your ideas. ‘It's a bad idea for teenagers to do part-time work While they are still studying at school or university. . What is your opinion? 2. With your partner, complete this plan with your ideas. Pa ts Introduction. General statement on the topic sand state your opinion Paragraph 2: First and most important reason for your opiion. Paragraph 3: One or two other reasons for your epinion OR het peoples anaes again yur pation aed why you dori bagree with them Paragraph 4: Summary and conclusion. Restate your opinion. ‘When you have thought of the basic ideas that you are going to include in your essay, stop and organize them into logical paragraphs. You should do this before you start to write, not while you are writing. STUDY SKILLS » page 145 3. Read this essay, ignoring the gaps. Does it follow the paragraph plan in 27s the opinion of the writer similar to your opinion? In some countries, the USA for instance, many } teenagers work while they are stil studying at school or at university. (a this is really bad idea b , studying at school or university is a full-time occupation. Students need time to take notes, revise, clo assignments and research topics. In my opinion, students who work in the evenings or at the weekends do not have time to do these things properly (¢ | young people offen work in bad conditions or late at | Aight. This means that after work they find it difficult 10 pay attention and concentrate. | @) . some people say that work | experience can help to make yout more independent and responsible, e) up to a point However, there is time for students to gain this } ‘experience when they finish their studies f « Lbelieve that a student's real responsibility isto learn as much as possible. They Gan only do this hey tidy fulltime, with no other | 4 Complete the essay with these phrases. Tosum up agree with this Ontheotherhand — To begin with Furthermore As far astm concerned. 5. Write the words and expressions in 4 in the correct place in the Writing Bank. Paras Useful words and expressions in opinion essays Expressing opinions + Personally, | think: + Inmyopinion, + Ibeieve that ‘Adding opinions and putting them in order + Fist, + Secondly, + Inaddition, + What is more, + Finally, + Lastly, Explaining and justifying your opinions + Thisis because... + The reason is + Forinstance, Contrasting opinions + However, + Nevertheless, Concluding + Inconclusion, + Allthings considered, 6 Workin pairs. Look at this task. Write notes about your ideas and then complete the plan in 2 for this topic. “School does not prepare students for the world of work.’ Do you agree? Practice makes perfect 7. Use the plan in 6 and words and expressions from the Writing Bank to write your essay.Language reference and revision Me rrettaae tm ciKctaes Past perfect simple and continuous + Weuse the past perfect simple to talk about actions thathappened before another action or actions inthe past It gives importance to the completion of an activity. When the interview had finished, | eft. + Weuse the past perfect continuous to talk about actions that happened before another action or actions inthe past Itgives importance tothe duration of an activity. / was tired because I had been studying all night + Tomake the past perfect continuous, we use had + been + verb ina, Past and present habits + Weuuse used to and would to talk about past habits, things we did regulary in the past but don't do now. \We cannot use used toand would tak about single events inthe past, n ths case, we use the past simple. We use would with past actions but not past states, He would come and visit us on Sustdays. NOT te wordt hare bie. Wedo not usualy use wouldnt to talkabout past habits. He didn’t use to give us presents, NOT tewoomtin't give ms presents: When we give a period oftime, we use the past simple, not used ‘She used to work in a factory. She worked there for five years. NOT The common way of talking about present habitsis with the present simole. /ften listen to music. We use the present continuous with always, constantly, forever, continually for habits that are irritating or annoying. When we speak, we stiess always constant forever continually toemphasize his. My brother and sister are always fighting. ‘We also use the present continuous with alvys, constant, ferever, continual for habits that arein some way unusual. She has a very dificult ife but she’s always smiling. Wie can use wil fr repeated or habitual behaviour. We put stesso He will interrupt me when (in speaking. i when we are annoyed ot itated. They'Ulst there for hours: Gerunds and intinitives 2 «Some verbs can go before the gerund or the stop todo You stop one activity because you want or ned todo another infitive with no ference in meaning activity ‘She started ta work therein 2009. stop doing: youre doing something anc then you stop = She started working there in 2004 remember todo: you temiember you need todo something and then youdo k (Other vers ke ths: bean cantbear cant 1:do something and then you remember later hat love prefer remember d forgetiode. you don’t do something that you intended to do + With other verbs before the gerund or infinitive, there isan important difference mn meaning. eg forget dong: you did Something but now you don't remember it Ike odo: you do something because you think i'sa good idea Ike doing: you do something because you enjoy doing it ae 11 Work conditions, responsibilities and hours 2. Stages of a job beonflexitime be responsible for deal with applyfora job _bemade redundant be offered ajob doshift work eam employee experience be sacked/fied/dismissed become unemployed get promotion from nine tofive fulltime lookforajob resign retire good/badidangerous conditions indoors manual longhours outdoors overtime Phrasal verbs connected with work paperwork part-time qualifcations salary filin getahead keepat set up takeover seltemployed skilled stressful taining well-paid tundown — work on Other words and phrases > page 137 28 Unit 2Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous 1. Is the underlined part of the sentence correct? If not, rewrite it. 1 have been waiting for an hour when the film finally started 2. Hewas tied because he had painted all day 3° She had been writing seven emails, WORKBOOK > page 12 Gerunds and infinitives 2 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given. 1 Canyou remember... (Switch) off the light when youleave? 2. She really kes... (dance), 'sher favourite hobby, 3 We stopped __. (write when the exam finished, 4 Don'tforget....... (go) to the meeting tomorrow. 5. I know Harry was at school yesterday because | remember, {see} him. 6 like... (do} my homework on Friday evening so that Im fee at the weekend, 7 Themusicians stopped been playing for two hours (play) because they'd already WORKBOOK > page 15 77 points, Work conditions, responsibilities and hours 1 Complete the sentences with these words. There are three extra words. dealing ean employee flexl-time for manual overtime qualifications self-employed shift skilled Iim responsible... looking after the customers 1 2. Myresponsiiltes include... with all the paperwork, 3. Thiscompany Isn't mine. fm Just an 4 I ccoouQulte a goad salary. 5 Thisisa._. job. Youneed a lat of training t 6 Ido... work. This week Im working nights. 7. Yesterday he arrived home late because he worked 8 Have you got any.......? Auniversity degree? doit. WORKBOOK » page 10 "Stages of a job 2 Complete the text with the correct words. When Rose finished her degree she started to (a) for a job. She found an interesting postin a multinational company and so she (b) forit. She got the job, but ;00n after, the company had big problems. The company yecame much smaller and they told Rose that they didn't need her anymore. She was made (¢) 4 Everything was white because it had been snowing al night. \When they ate their dinner, they washed the dishes. 6 They heard a loud noise and thought that somebody had been falling over, 76 points) Present and past habits 3 Choose the correct alternative. 1 When he was small, he used to/mould have a bike. 2. My brother realy gets on my nerves. He wil/would change channels while 'm in the middle of watching something on TY, My friend forever ifs forever sending me text messages, Last year | haa/used to havea big party for my birthday. Did you use/used to have a pet? Young children are.making/nll ake. lot of noise when they're excited 7 They didn't use o/wauldn' go out on Friday evenings, but now they do, /7Z point WORKBOOK } page 12/15 ‘and became (@) company contacted her soan afterwards. An employee at the Luckily, nother company had just been (@ because he was always late and his work wasn't good enough. Rose went for an interview. They eally liked her and she wes © the job. She accepted, of course! Phrasal verbs connected with work WORKBOOK > page 10 3. Draw lines to match the parts of the phrasal verbs with their meanings. Verb Particle | Meaning 1 set [a_ahead | notaccept an offer request or application 2 get |b on _| start anewbusiness office tc 3 wm —[e up __| progressfasterthan other people 4 wok [a in add information to a document 5 fil [e over _ | spend time working or mprovng something 6 take | Fdown _| take control of someth WORKBOOK > page 13,> Gateway to exams Units 1-2 » Reading ioe ases In multiple matching activities, remember Read the text quickly to get a general understanding, Then read the questions and work out what piece(s) of information you need tofind, Are there any special words that help you to find the part of the text which contains the information? EXAM SUCCESS > page 149 1. Read the first paragraph of the text below. What is the Erasmus programme? What are the advantages of doing an Erasmus exchange? 2 Read the text and answer the questions. 4 Do the students mention any of the advantages that you thought of in 1? 2. What subject does each student study? Studying around Europe he Erasmus programme sa popular student exchan anime involving universes across the European Union, Students spendat least three months studying abroad in one of over 30 countries valve Wher I went to Germany'to continue my engineering course thought Tbe pending all my time with German students did meet alot of native Germans. cluding che tutors of course hut asan Erasmus, stuulent yout tend to spend most of your time with other people ike you. people whe are studyingabroad. Apart from anything, youre often all together tn special language classes which theuniversityaffersto help you follow classes more easily and those startlaefore the beginningof term: B_ Nelly Samuels. the Netherlands The decision to study abroad has change my if so many ways Academically, | immediately fellin love with the style ofthe lessons we received. Before. | wouldrit express my opinions mucin tutorials Bucthanks to thestimulating. open atmosphere Ihecame much mare confident about constructing my olvn arguments ar defending them, Ichelped that all my classmates, mostly Dutch, felt very passionate about modern history. my area of study Socially things eoukin have been better either. tone time I would have found itlifFcul to makennew friends but inthis situation Lust fele so happy and relaxed boing with allche Dutch students that | gotto know C_sohn Vaughan, Poland ‘before But, being a business student 1 »nadlvantage later inthe world of work Ing you probal he language Tad never really studied languag knew languages would give me Iewasso frustrating at first kno 3 For questions 1-12 choose from the five students (A-E). The students may be chosen more than once. Which person says + he/she feels better about what he/she does in lessons thanks to his/her Erasmus. experience? 1 + the Erasmus experience wasn't like he/she had imagined? 2 + he/she took a while to get over linguistic difficulties? 3 + other Erasmus students are usually the first people you meet at university? 4. + his/her Erasmus experience took him/her backwards before going forwards? + the Erasmus experience will be a practical help when he/she travels around Europe? 6 + he/she didn’t use to socialize much? + he/she managed to fulfil an old ambition? + he/she wants to repeat histher Erasmus x experience? + the Erasmus experience made a difference to the way helshe sees himself/herself? 10 + his/her attitude to the teaching method changed completely? n + helshe thinks the Erasmus experience has taught him/her an important message that is relevant to the course he/she is studying? 12_ ‘worse than a five year old, but my Polish classmates were very patient with meand aftera month or twot'd made suffilent progressto be able to follow the tutors explanations Ishared a house with students From fwve differen countries. Often we could only get messages across using sign language. What really opened my eyes during my'six months abroad was the shack of seeing. my subject froma totally different ‘cuktural perspective. That really aelded something tomy vision when went hack tothe UK. And ow, 2 months later ima fhvent speaker of Polish D sa “The uni whore studied wasreally small but that had advantages. After abouta month almost half ofthe students there were my friends ‘and they all helped me-to learn thelanguage fast. Naw [reckon Icoull travel to about twenty different countries where! k has invited’ me ca stay with them, And having.so many contacts made ‘ay-toxday life on campus really stimulacing too. Far example. gat the ‘chance to become a radio D, ding programme n English playing ny favourice music someching that fdalways wanted ta dofand with hhoconnection atall to my natural scence degree course). n terms. ‘of studying tttook me abit longer co get used to different style of twachingand learning Eventually Icame to prefer Finnish waysbut that was graklial ancl sometimes painful process. Collins, Finland E_keith Johnson, stovaki The thingthat affected me the most curing my time studying abroad was realizmg that, at che end, | didnt consider myself British. [was now European. | suppose that feelings nacuralafter spendling every day with young people from so many diferent European countries, Despite all ‘ur differences we all had so much in commen. As a student of polities. I chink this was so important. helped me tosee tat, even when people have different opxnions andl backgrounds, we can work together ‘constructively if we realy wan to Now knot that. when I inish my ‘degree. want to study fora Master's degree. but only an the condition tac leando atleast part of t abroad> Writing In transactional tasks, remember Do not simply reply to questions in the email orletter with ‘Yes’ ‘Not Add extra information, context and questions, EXAM SUCCESS + page 149 4 You have received this email from a friend. Underline the information that you should include in your reply to the emall. -) > Bw mo From: Hi How are you? It was great to see you on Friday. | really enjoyed going to that new pizza place. We should go again soon, When | saw you, | forgot to tall you that my fiend Rachel is coming back on Wednesday. Do you remember that she's been away an a scheal exchange in Germany? | thought | might arrange @ special welcome home party for her on Thursday ‘evening, What da you think? | don't mind having the party at my house, but Ill need help preparing the food and stuff. Could you come and give me @ hand getting things ready on Thursday afternoon? ‘Apart from the food, is there anything that you can, think of that would make the party really spacial? You know that Rachel is my best friend go I'd really like to make the party memorable for her. Write bact Bye for now, wr 's00n so that I can start organizing things. 5 Make a plan of your reply to the email, Decide how many paragraphs to use and what to include in each one. © Write your reply. include alll the necessary information. Write between 120 and 150 words. > Listening Dene in matching activities, remember Read the opinions before you listen. This can help you to know what the people may say and helps you to concentrate more while you listen. But don't forget that the speakers may ‘express the same opinion using different words or expressions. EXAM SUCCESS » page 149 7 Work with a partner. Talk about what you can see in the pictures and why people sometimes carry these objects. LusteNa @ 1.11 Listen to five people talking about lucky charms. Match the speakers 1-5 to the opinions A-F. Use the letters only once, There is one extra letter. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker5 ‘A change in my diet is part of my special exam preparation. My ‘lucky charm’ almost got me into trouble. I don't think my lucky charm has helped me much. | don't have an exam lucky charm but | have lucky clothes. E | fee! like | have my family’s support when I have my lucky charm with me. F My ‘lucky charms’ improve the quality of my exam results. >paaens ooo Work with a partner. Tell them if you have an exam lucky charm, or if there's anything special you do to bring you luck. Then compare answers with the rest of the class. Speaking 10 In stimulus-based discussions, remember Give your opinion or interpretation of the There is not usually aright or wrong answ wants to hear you speak English. EXAM SUCCESS + page 149 pic and stimuli The examiner Look at the material on page 166. Decide what the general topic is and what each different stimulus is, about. Make notes about your ideas. Work with a partner. Take it in turns to talk about the topic. a1Work with a partner. Look at the photo. Which of these words can you use to talk about it? asteroid astronaut astronomer atmosphere cosmos crew gravity landing(n.) land(v) launch (n,,v)_ man-made satellite meteorite mmission natural satellite orbit(n,,v)re-enter(v)_ re-entry (n) space shuttle space station spacecraft telescope universe Do the quiz groups. Tyree rd Ample T3b Bure? -e spunk? Fs one bee eve) eer Maple yb spur (0 Vasa (D Payee ac kece a na Re a eee Seed ‘a Buzz Aldrin b Buzz Lightyear c John Glenn Pee ee eee 'a Washington_b California ¢ Columbia 7 What happens to the temperature of a spacecraft when it re-enters the ee nesses ’a Itincreases slightly. _b It falls dramatically. Itrises dramatically Pe en oe eter tng tiene uc nt ‘a Kennedy b Bush _¢ Roosevelt Pe ‘a an asteroid b ameteorite_c a satellite 10 What is ‘Hubble’ the name of? aan astronaut b a telescope in space_c an American space station SED uisrewine @ 1.12 Listen and check your answers to the quiz. Underline the stress in the words in 1. @128 Listen and check. Then practise saying the words with the correct stress. Grammar Future forms» Future activities in th » Future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous Mocabulary »Spave and spacetrael > Tavel/tnp Speaking» Stimulus-based discussions 2 Writing —»Asiory past Hioumesfvoyage » Pre: Choose the correct alternative. Use the dictionary entries to help you. 1 Last year we went on as to Cambridgs 2 twas. long and dificult f 3 s great for teaching you ‘bout the wor 4 Pol 5 rents have to go aw 6 One day spacecraft will go on incredible twill take years and year z nda lot of money on foreign @ The to my village lasts just journey own an occasion when you travel from one place to another ly when there is a long the places: We distan: bad a long journey abead of us. erwee travel nour the activity of travelling: Foret ly appealed 10 bi until be retired. Our agency deals mosily with business travel. trip now an occasion when you go somewhere and come back again: a fising/campingy sightseeing trip voyage rou a long journey especially by boat or into space: the long voyage home SPEAKING Work with a partner. Take it in turns toask and answer the questions. 1 How-corn n is foreign travel in yo count 2. Whatare pula destinat How important i travel fr 4 Where isa got 5 Doyoulite going on sightseeing tr yiyWhy not 6 What type of transport do you prefer for 7 Whats the longest journey you've bee 8 Would you be interested in goingSeer] 1. Work with a partner. What do you think this picture shows? 2. Read the article quickly. Then think of a title for the article, o He also accidentally dropped one of his gloves. This event may seem trivial but it was one f the first examples of a problem which scientists ‘say is going to become one of the biggest for out planet In the future. The problem? Space Junk ore cpeactionsl aft. The remaining 94 per cent are space ebris, that is, objects which no longer serve any purpose. About 50 per cent of the objects from explosions and breakups of elites or spacecratt.n adsition, there are it around our pianet. Orbital velocities of up 56,000 km/h mean that centimetre-sized debris jously damage or disable an operational ly crashed into a passenger plane over the Pacific. On 10" February 2009, for the first time ever, two communications satellites collided, 790 km above Siberia. One day, when a small piece of space debris hits a manned spacecraft, the consequences will be catastrophic. there have already been some close encounters. On 12" March 2009, the three-man crew of the International space station needed to leave the craft because of a possible collision. The mission controllers knew that a piece of junk of about 13 cm in diameter and probably part of an Old satellite motor was going to pass just a few kilometres from the station. Pe ae Read the text again and choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do notneed to use. Since 1957, more than 4,800 space launches have become responsible for leaving approximately 13,200 objects larger than 10 cm orbiting the earth today. ‘So what can we do about this problem? In June 1965 Ed White became the fist astronaut to take 3 space walk, Back here on earth, so far there has only been one person hit by space debris Top space scientist Dr Marshall Kaplan is a world expert on space junk. All the evidence suggests that the situation is going to get much worse. Recent incidents have made it clear that scientists will need to pay urgent attention to the problem of space debris. In tasks where sentences are missing ftom a text, read the ext carefully, looking at the information before and after each ap. Then read the sentences and look for words and phrases nich connect with information in the text, When you finish, ‘the text again to check your answers. EXAM SUCCESS » page 150 (W)....... For example, some experts ca one day a tragic and unstoppable chal will begin. The rubbish will crash into othe These pieces will then crash into. This could continue until the earth is cover “The clouds of debris pose a serious dar earth-tracking and communications satel fAnd that, of coutse, could mean a future without mobile phones, GPS and weather forecasts. (5) __ One essential thing is to reconsider so many launches and stop adding to the rubbish, But the twenty governments that have access to space aren't going to do that because they don't want to give away any information about their spy satellites. Meanwhile, who will pay to clean up space? Experts know that we need a solution now, but governments are in no hurry. only one thing will stop them from underestimating the problem - another catastrophic collision between satellites like in 2009. (6)......., ON 22" January 1997, Lottie Williams of Tulsa, Oklahoma, was taking her early morning walk. She had no idea that a piece of metal was about to fall from the sky and hit her on the shoulder. It was a fragment from the fuel tank of a spacecraft. She was lucky not to suffer any serious injuries. Experts from around the world ere meeting at a conference next month to discuss ways of making sure that space debris does not cause any fatal accidents. Let's hope it’s not too Find words or expressions in the text that mear ‘not very important (paragraph 1) rubbish, junk (paragraph 2) small pieces of an object that is broken (paragraph 2) crashed into each other (paragraph 3) operated or controlled by people (paragraph 3) a series of events with each event causing the next one (paragraph 4) 7 not wanting to do something quickly (paragraph 5) 8 causing someone to die (paragraph 6) Work with a partner. Read the text again and make a list of ‘the ways in which space junk can be dangerous. 6 SPEAKING What about you? 11 How dangerous does space junk seem to you? Why? 2 What do you think will he the mast important problems for our planet in the next twenty years?Cane Future forms ‘ta Lookat the sentences. What tense is the verb in bold in each sentence? a Allthe evidence suggests that the situation is going toget much worse, b Experts from around the world are meeting at a conference next month, © The twenty governments that have access to space aren't going to do that because they don't want to give away any information. Some experts calculate that one day a tragic and unstoppable chain reaction will begin. @ One day, when a small piece of space debris hits ‘amanned spacecraft, the consequences will be catastrophic. ‘Tb Complete the rules with will, be going to, the present simple or the present continuous. We use: 1 {or predictions based on evidence. 2 {or plans and intentions. 3 for predictions based on thoughts, opinions and expectations, 4 for confirmed plans and arrangements, 5 _... after expressions of time, such as when, before, after by the time, unt, as soon as, ‘1c Lookat sentences a-c below and complete the rules with will or the present simple, Anna will be eighteen next week b_ ItScold, tl close the window now. © Mytrain leaves at 9 o'clock tomorrow. We use: 1 for decisions made at the moment of speakino, 2 for future facts. 3 for events that are part of a timetable or routine. (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > pace 4? ) 2. Isthe underlined part of the sentence correct? If not, rewrite it. 1 Assoon as the class wil start, I'l take my books out. 2. Don't worry. 'mgoing to answer the door. 3. The weather forecast says it's raining next weekend, 4 Some scientists predict that there will be a new Ice Age, 5 6 The concert takes place next July ‘That's it Ive got my tickets. My fends and | will go to the cinema tonight. 7 What are your plans? What do you do next weekend? 8 Ive already decided that next year !m eating healthier food, 9 Next year February will have twenty-nine day. 10 Look at that walter! He'll drop all those plates. When you make mistakes with grammar, check to see if the mistakes are generally mistakes with the form, speling or meaning ofthe structure. Work constructively on your mistakes to improve STUDY SKILLS > page 146 3. Complete the sentences with an appropriate future form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Next Sunday it _(be) my birthday. 2. Kateand! (meet) at 9 o'clock tonight. 3. What, you : (do) next summer? 4 Doyouthink it 5 Alice ispregnant. She (snow) next week? __(have) a baby. 6 Assoon as an. (Get) home tonight, (switch) on the TV. 71 - (see) the doctor tomorrow. The appointment i for half past ten 8 | thinkhumans (land) on the moon again before! (be) fifty. 9 Take an umbrella. It (rain). 4a Complete the Yes/No questions about the future with your own ideas. before you leave school today? tonight? next weekend? when the summer comes? When you finish school? in 20302 when youte seventy yeas old? Are you going to do your homework before you leave school today? Nounwnas 4b Predict your partner's answer for each of your questions. Write down your predictions. 4c SPEAKING Ask your partner your questions. How many predictions did you get right? Ctl Future activities in the past 5 Look at the sentences and circle the structures used ‘to talk about future activities in the past. A piece of metal was about to fll fom the sky They knew that a piece of junk was going to pass close to the space station The conference was to take place in May but they changed the dates, ‘Atthe time people didn't know that space junk would be such abig problem. Dr Smith was speaking atthe conference the next ay. (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > pace 42 )> Developing vocabulary Prefixes 1_Each of these words contains a prefix. Underline the prefixes and decide what they mean. cooperate disable ex-cosmonaut international miscalculate overpopulated postgraduate prehistoric reconsider underestimate unstoppable 2. Find prefixes in the words in that mean: 1. wiong, incorrect 6 between 2 before 7 the opposite, not 3 after 8 again 4 natenoug) 9 with, together 5 toomuch 10 2 position or situation that efore, but not no# 3 Complete the sentences by adding the correct prefix to these words. Use the prefixes co-, dis ex-, mis-, over-, post:,re- ot under. appeared booked paid pilot _ president Understood write 1990 1 Shesawa strange object inthe sky but it sudeny 2 Most people thnk they'e They thinkthey should get more mone 6 Complete the text with these words and 31 you it you w fee expressions. is alting obviously very moder, 5 about doing goingto was 5 This essay has gota lot of mistakes. id like you to would would be | i Ps 6 Theplot needed 0 take a bre sis 6k era id ntvol of the - Seo 7 Tefh ves here were too many knew mot oles wnat tas | eng . like, Being his first walk, it (¢) to 8 ee ofthe US short. The next day he was i pment yf ~ 4 Make the negative form of these words. Use the prefixes dis re estat isi ica Wag iim I OF Un nah outatheconer ofa he sav sear advantage agree believable capable complete ie cee eee expected usual likely logical necessary obey were coming deo Ree poe Frere etal in eee Sa tile aie foe | | Suecesstal ible Write three sentences. Use a negative word from 4 in each sentence. ewalk afte all 7a Use your imagination to complete the sentences. ; : ae : tis mcommnsn irregutar ver 1 [knew tas going tobe a great day because 2. Iwas going fa do my bomewarkwhen My parents and disagree about some things 3 | never thought it would happen but one day 1 think its improbable that humans will land on Mars 4 |was meeting my fiends the nextday but before 2070, 5 as going to call you when | 6 The car was about hit the dag when Sb SPEAKING Read out your sentences, but without saying the negative word. Can anybody guess the word? asto be a moment they would rem of their lives because ‘Go'isacommon 7b SPEAKING Compare your sentences in groups. ae | Choose the best sentence for each situation,SPEAKING Work with a partner ind discuss the questions. el o fli 1 ike about it? sn The War fen to part of a radi documentary about The War of the Worlds and answer these questions. 1. What happened with The War oft ‘The novel The war “There was wo stopp which meade ere was. a veal. probl After tia ats, the publ TV and radio fiesta ee neces ee eee Sy Ce RC ee describe? What is the mood of the people who Prey 6 Read the text again and answer these questions. Pees re ee Teen ee eet eae Pree ea Ce De eee aoa eet ee On ne Sache ere 6 Why does the narrator un and nearly fall? a et eta E assistant? when. 1e places, they thoughtJ sew a young man, a shop assistant in Woking I believe he ‘was, standing on the cylinder and trying to scramble out of the hole again, The crowd had pushed him in. ‘The end of the cylinder was being screwed out from within Nearly two feet of shining screw projected. Somebody blundered against me, and 1 narrowly missed being pitched: conto the top of the screw. | turned, and as 1 did so the screw must have came out, for the lid of the cylinder fell ‘upon the gravel with a ringing concussion. 1 stuck my. clbow into the person behind me, and turned my head towards the Thing again. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. | had the sunset in my eyes. 1 think everyone expected to see a man emerge ~ possibly. something a little unlike us terrestrial men, but in all essentials a man. | know I did. But, looking, | presently Saw something stirring within the shadow: greyish billowy movements, one above another, and then two luminous disks — like eyes. Then something resembling a Tittle grey. Snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, coiled up out Of the writhing middle, and wriggled in the air towards me = and then another, A sudden chill came over me, There was a loud shriek from ‘a woman behind, | half turned, keeping my eyes fixed tupon the cylinder still, From which other tentacles were now projecting, and began pushing my way back from the ‘edge of the pit. | saw astonishment giving place to horror oon the faces of the people about me. | heard inarticulate exclamations on all sides. There was a general movement backwards. | saw the shopman struggling still on the edge of the pit. 1 found myself alone, and sav the people on the other side of the pit running off Stent among them. Looked again at the cylinder, and ungovernable terror gripped me, | stood petrified and staring A big greyish rounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, ‘was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it glistened like wet leather, “Two large dark-coloured eyes were regarding me steadfastly. The mass that framed them, the head of the thing, was rounded, and had, one might say, a face. There was a mouth under the eyes, the lipless brim of which quivered and panted, and dropped saliva. The inable to walk ole (in the graund) a b © aquicklook d_Intense fea not changing or moving f g orth h immedia eye Pg ed Yyoumay be interested in Jeff ors whole creature heaved and pulsated convulsively. A lank. tentaculer appendage gripped the edge of the cylinder, another swayed in the air. ‘Those who have never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of Drow tidges, the absence of a chin beneath the wedgelike ower lip, the incessant quivering of this mouth, the Gorgon {groups of tentacles, the tumultuous breathing of the 2 Tungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth ~ above all, the extraordinary intensity Of the immense eyes - were at once vital, intense, inhuman, Crippled and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation Of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this First glimpse, | was overcome with disgust and dread, Suddenly the monster vanished. It had toppled over the brim of the cylinder and fallen into the pit, with a thud Tike the fall of 2 great mass of leather. 1 heard it give a peculiar thick cry, and forthwith another of these creatures ‘ppeared darkly in the deep shadow of the aperture. J tured and, running madly, made for the first group of trees, perhaps a hundred yards away; but | ran slantingly and stumbling, for | could not avert my face from these things ‘There, among some young pine trees and furze bushes, 1 stopped, panting, and waited further developments. The >, common round the sand pits was dotted with people, standing like myself in a half-fascinated terror, staring at these creatures or rather at the heaped gravel at the edge of the pit in which they lay. And then, with a renewed horror, | saw a round, black object bobbing up and down ‘on the edge of the pit. It was the head of the shopman who had fallen in, but showing as a little black object against the hot western sun. Now he got his shoulder and knee up, and again he seemed to slip back until only his head was visible. Suddenly he vanished, and | could have fancied a Faint shrick had reached me. | had a momentary impulse to °° igo back and help him that my fears overruled, eo ea Ren) Ce ee et a acd humans (H) or to the Martian creature (M)? 1 scramble out ( Pace Eonar aa tect mg tum What about you? Sean aoe A aecar | uture enw hopes, fears, secrets, resolutions ‘compiled by MATT SLY & JAY PATRIKIOS, ‘creators of FutureMe.org, ‘1 SPEAKING Work with a partner. You are going to hear about a popular website called Future Me. Look at the book cover, think about the name of the website and, make predictions about what you can do there. f Before listening exercises i's a good idea to predict the | content of the text. Think about anything you know about the topic. Look at any illustrations, titles or questions. They can all give you clues about what you are going to hear. STUDY SKILLS » page 146 2 UsTENiNe @ 15 Listen and choose the correct alternative. 1. The main idea of Future Me is to write obour/fo yourself 2 You (receive a letter two weeks into the future, 3. You carvcan' receive a letter fifty years in the future. 4 Most people want to receive their letter in 5 Alot of people hope they be working/mavried when they get their letter. 6 You can/ean't use the service to contact others. 7 Matt thinks people write to Future Me because today We 2 @ Lsten again and answer the questions. 1 What words appear Feequenty in Future Me letters? 2. Whatis the message of Matt's favourteltte? 3. Doyou agree with the message in Mat’ favourte te? ‘Why?/Why not? 4 SPEAKING What about you? 1. Are you surprised at the words that appear frequently in Future Me letters? Why?/Why not? 2. Would you like to write a letter to your future self? What ‘would you say? When would you want to receive It? >» Grammar in context Enns Future continuous, future perfect simple and future perfect continuous ‘1a Look at these sentences. What tense are the verbs in bold? Explain how we form the tenses. 1. Maybe by the time m forty 'l be directing my ‘own company. 2 They hope that when they receive their letter, they will be living happily. 3. By the time they receive their letter, they'll have found ajob. 4 By that time, she will have found anew boyitiend, 5 Next January, we will have been living here for ten years. ‘Tb Complete the rules with future continuous, future perfect simple or future perfect continuous. 1 Weuse the totalk about activities that will be finished before a particular time in the future 2 Weuse the to tak about activities in progress at a particular moment in the futur. } 3 Weuse the _ to talk about how long an activity has been in progress before a particular moment in the future, 4 We often use by with the and the (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 42)2 Explain the difference between the sentences in each pair. Ja Attwooclock''llbe seeing the doctor. 1b Attwootlock il have seen the doctor 2a By nine o'clock, she'll have read the book 2b By nine clock, she'l have been reading the book for three hours 3a 3b In 2070 humans will goto the moon again 2070 humans will have gone to the moon again. 4am going to have lunc 4b Ibe having lunch with my frends at 1pm, tomorrow. with my iiends at 1pm. tomorrow. 3 Complete the sentences with the future continuous or future perfect form of the verbs in brackets. The future isa mystery. What (a (do) when I'm thirty? Will be unemployed or (b) (finish) school, and gine |) (leave) university because not mary people continue studying the age of thirty. One ing | do know is that (e not live) in wn bi im sure} learn) to drive by the time im thirty because that’s one of the first things | want to do use |want to leave here when | go to university when Im eighteen. I don't think |(g) (buy) a car because they're realy expensive, but | imagine| h save) up my money each month to ture's a mystery, but | know it’s going to be buy one. The sting. 4a Read Sarah's schedule for tomorrow opposite and complete the sentences with the future continuous, future perfect or future perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1 At930she. (have) breakfast atthe hotel 2 At10,00 she. (at) breakfast. 3 A1035 she. (erive) atthe Space Centre, 4 ByT125 she (90) round the Rocket Garden for nearly an hour. 5 At 100 she ave) lunch with an astronaut, 6 By300she (see) a film about space launches. 7 At3I0she (watch) the space shuttle launch, 8 By 430she watch) the space shuttle launch for one and a haifhours "4b Write four questions about the schedule, two using the future continuous and two using the future perfect. What will she be doing at quarter past fire? . SPEAKING Ask your partner your questions. h gam) Breakfast in hotel 10am Bus ride to the Space Centre 10.30am Visit the Rocket Garden 11.30am See the Astronaut Hall of Fame Lunch with an astronaut, with the chance to ask questions 12.15pm 1.30pm Special film showing previous space See the launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour live! ei 5.00pm Visit our full-size model of the International Space Station ED 3.00pm 6.00pm Bus back to hotel 7.30pm Dinner at hotel Se ® 5a Write predictions about yourself in the year 2040. Use the future continuous, future perfect or future perfect continuous. 1 liveinthisety J won't e living in this city will have been living 6 this city for thirty years. 2 live with my parents 6 speak English 3 stop playing 7 wotkin an office computer games 8 leam Chinese become famous 9 appearon TV 5 getmarri 10 doexercise regularly 5b SPEAKING Work in small groups. Compare your sentences and ask questions to find out what your partners have written, Are any answers particularly common? Will you be living in this city? Yes, Ithink so. That means Il have been living here for fifteen years. What about you, Eva? ‘No, | won't. think I be living in another country, ‘maybe England or Ireland. And you, Ana? 5c Tell the class any common answers. Most of us think we won't be living in this11 SPEAKING Work with a partner. Look at the different elements on this page. Whatiis the general topic? What does each element tell us about the topic? 2 usteune @ 126 Listen to somebody talking about the Jn about the topic? 3 Complete the expressions in the Speaking Bank with these words. admit convinced seems truth way why Speaking Bank Expressing and justifying opinions + Ithink/believesfee! + Inmyopinion/view + Personally, | think that + You have to remember/al that + Don't forget tha = eb tome that + Lagree/disagree that + Ifyouaskme + Thee that + ie goes withoutsaying that + Imi) Jpastve that «+ Asfaras Imconcemed + Thats (e) think + The@f Isee + Tomy mind os 4. @ Listen again and check your answers. space y 5 SPEAKING Work with a partner. Take itn turns to give your opinions on the topicin 1. a Practice makes perfect Sno 6a Lookat these quotes, Decide what your opinion is about 3 each one. $187 bition ‘gummi 1 One day, I don't know when, but one day, there will be o| ecamee i more humans living off the earth than on it, NASA Department ” Department of Education of Defense “Why can't we realize? We need to spend all our time and. money on protecting this world, not on going to new 4@ theft from those whe hunger and worlds’ cold and are not clothed.” Dwight Eisenhower, President of the USA 1953-1961 Every rocket. signifies are not fed, those who are 3 ‘One day, when we go to live on other planets, we're going Government todo the same 2s we have done to earth, Rin it announces Ji,2006. on Back Friday, cuts in space — a frst Friday of the 4 “the earth eons wie openllaet Weneed 7 istmas shopping period, 10 colonize other planets before we use up all our natural program Americans spent | $89 resources’ billion, half of what NASA has to spend in one year. Se 6b Work with a partner. Take it in tums to talk about the - quotes. Use expressions from the Speaking Bank. aSPEAKING Work with a partner. Read the task and think of some ideas for a story. An international science-fiction magazine is having short story competition. You have decided to enter the competition. The story must begin with these words, When Gabrielta's friend told her that he had invented 4 time machine, at first Gabriella had just laughed. Write your story. Read this story. Are there any similarities with your ideas? Think of one sentence to finish the story. ine was gol 0 big ike a car ama oom like sheté o abriela asked, camputers since he nad developed a new anturn cos y y Gabriella focreatea 7 seen that the invention realy existed, Gabriella started Number the events in the story in the correct order. a Ethan invents a time machine. b_ Ethan comes back o the present ¢ Ethan starts building computers, Ethan tells Gabriella about the time mi e f 9 Ethan develops a new sce Bt Gabriella sees the time machine. fic theory. 3 travels into the future. Look at the advice in the Writing Bank. Find examples in, the story in 2 for each piece of advice, + Use a variety of past tenses. Use the past simple, continuous, past perfect simple and continuous, an future in the past + Use participle clauses: Looking up she saw. Aer looking up she saw Having looked up, she saw. + Use linkers of time and sequence: Last weekend, Three years ago, On Friday Arfrst, Next, Then, After that, Finally, In the end. + Use short sections of direct speech from time to time: ‘Stop! she cred. + Use adjectives and adverbs to describe scenes and actions, \When you write a narrative, make sure that the main events of the story are clear. Before you begin writing plan the beginning, the middle and the end. Don't forget to describe scenes and give background information too. Work with a partner. Read this task and plan your story. Think about the main events, the background and any important scenes. You have decided to enter a short story competition in an international magazine. The story must begin with the following words: When Karen woke up that morning, she had no idea that the events of the day would change her life Jorever, Write your story. Write your story for the task in 5. Remember to follow the advice in the Writing Bank and Exam Success.Language reference and revision RCT rol MMe KceetRctaet be going to, will, present continuous and present simple for future ‘Weuse be going to to tak about plans and intentions forthe future, We use it for things that we have already decided to do in the future, We can also use be going to to make predictions about the future, particularly when we have evidence forthe prediction, We use will and won't to make general predictions about the future. We often use think, hope, expect, imagine, etc with will and ‘won't to show that our prediction is based on thoughts, opinions and expectations We also use will and won't when we decide to do something at the moment of speaking. We use the present continuous to talk about future arrangements; plans that have been confirmed. ‘We use will and won't to tak about the future when we consider it to be an objective truth We use the present simple with time expressions lke when, as soon as, until, after and before. We cannot use will with these words, We can also use the present simple to talk about the future when the action is part ofa timetable or routine. Future activities in the past Form | was going to speak to him but he walked away. My American fiend was artving the next cay {knew it would be a good day | was about to leave the house when my mum called The meeting was to take place on Tuesday Future continuous Form = Weform the future continuous with will/won't + be + verb-ing. Future perfect simple Form We form the future perfect simple with will/won’t + have + the past participle Future perfect continuous Form ‘+ We form the future perfect continuous with will/ won't +-have been + verb-ing. ee Space and space travel asteroid astronaut crew gravity landing (n) land () man-made satelite meteorite mission orbit in, v) re-enter) re-entry (a) space shuttle spacestation telescope astronomer Travel, trip, journey, voyage journey noure an occasion when you travel from one place to another, especially when there is long distance between the places travel noun: the activity of travelling atmosphere launch (n, v) natural satelite spacecraft Use + Sometimes when we ae talking about the past. we want to tak about something that wasin the future at that te, something which had not happened and pethaps didnt actualy happenin the end + We use was/were to when there was an arrangement for something to happen. Its more formal than the otherexpresions. The meeting ws to startat 7 Use + We use the future continuous to talkabout unfinished activtiesin progres at paticulartime in the future. This time tomorrow, he'll be fying to the USA, Use + Weuse the future perfect simple to talk about activites that willbe finished by a certain time in the future. We often use the preposition by with the future perfect. itmeans Sometime before /will have gone to bed by midnight. Use + We use the future perfect continuous to talk about how long an activity has been in progress before a particular moment inthe future. By dpm /U have been revising history for five hours Prefixes ‘cooperate disagree ‘ex-piesident disable disobey illogical impatient impossible incapable incomplete _ international invisible irregular irresponsible _-miscalculate misunderstood —overbooked | overpopulated post-1990 postgiaduate prehistoric reconsider rewrte unbelievable unexpected unlikely unnecessary unsuccessful unstoppable unusual underestimate underpaid co-pilot disappear disadvantage ex-cosmonaut improbable trip nounan occasion when you go somewhere and come back again ‘voyage noun: long journey, especialy by boat or into space Other words and phrases > pace 138> Grammar revision Future forms 1 Complete the sentences with the correct future form of the verbs in brackets. Use will, be going to, the present simple or the present continuous. Te CORCR nn 128VE) at 8.25 tomorTOw. 5) Markand Jenny... (get) married next Saturday. 2 Get your books ready before the teacher. (come) 6 think computers... take) aver the world one day. I cant do this! 7 Look how tired heis. He... not finish) the race. 8 help you, 4 Last week took decision, Next year... (do) more exercise. WORKBOOK > page22 Future continuous, future perfect, future Future activities in the past 2 Complete each sentence with one of these words. Use foo sie each word once. 3. Decide if the sentences are correct. Rewrite the incorrect sentences and tick the correct sentences. going to to was would would 1 Lean't go out at o'clock because Il have done my homework then 2. She started driving home at 3pm, By 6pm she'll been driving thought the sun ,__. shine the next day, butit was realy forthree hours, ee 3. Dont call me at9 oiclock because Ibe watching 2 film with Lara in 2 They ran to.catch the train because it was... to leave at that tection coment PD 4 Ican write a summary ofthe book tomorrow because Il be reading 3 The interview was... start at 10am but she was late. itby then, Trey thought the party Starting at 9pm, but they were 5 AtS oclock next Saturday I'l have been playing basketball aa 6 [can't give you my assignment tomorrow because | won't be He could ee thatthe carwas about... hit theold lady Leattonesen ossing the road 7. ibe wearing my new jacket when | go to Pauls party tomorrow, no couldiimagine that one day he. WORKBOOK b page 25 WORKBOOK > page 22 Space and space travel + Match the pictures to words from Space endian WORKBOOK > page 20 Travel, trip, journey, voyage Prefixes 2 Complete the sentences with travel, trip, 3. Complete the sentences with prefixes added to the words in capitals. journey or voyage. 1 Please dorit_.me.{t was just joke. UNDERSTAND fe went ona school..._1o London. 2 Theorigina film wasnt very popula. | don'tknow why theyre going to... it 2 | think __ isthe best way to eam about the anddoa second version, MAKE | id 3 Ieanit doit. tm totaly... CAPABLE 3 ‘cwill be difficult for humans to make the long 4 There's nospace on this flight. i's already... BOOKED to Mars. 5 don't know why you did that. In my opinion, it was... NECESSARY 4 Wewere tired when we atived because the 6 He'sdivorced. That woman ishis_._. WIFE plane and coach had lasted eighteen hous! 7 _Shealteady has adegree in architecture. Now she's doing... couse 5 Lastyearwewent on aday Brighton GRADUATE WORKBOOK > page20 (____/5 00TH WORKBOOK > page 23 (/ 40 poini aa‘Work with a partner. What are the opposites of these words? clever friendly serious tidy hard-working patient polite quiet Read this description of Luke's personality. Do you think you would like Luke? Why?/Why not? Luke is one of my best fiends but we're very different. Hes usually quite hen you go out with him to a party, he doesn't usually talk to many people, especially f he's never met ther before. Hes @ very sensitive, tactful person, He does his best not to hurt anyone's feelings. In that sense, he's quite He’ really gifted too. He can play the guitar and the piano incredibly ll, But because he's so modest, only his good friends know how talented he is. His favourite ty a ing. He'll isten to any type of music as ong as it's good. | dont person oF music is classical, but he's quite broad-minded, scaly spe fe the idea that Luke is perfect though. He's quite a nerv And | have to say that he can be abit ts o aut he never wants to spend any money and loften end ing. He's stil a great fiend though. Grammar > Meking comparisons Articles » Sofsuchdoofenough Vocabulary Personality adjectives» Noun suffi Speaking »Presentations 1 Writing >A description Match the words in bold in the text with their ‘opposites. big-headed easy-going generous Immature narrow-minded outgoing self-confident slow tactless From each pair of adjectives, choose the one that describes you the best. You can qualify the adjective with very, quite or litte bit. SPEAKING Work with a partner. Tell him/her the adjectives you chose, Does your partner agree with you? Decide which adjective in each pair below has a positive meaning and which has a negative ‘meaning, Use a dictionary if necessary. 1. ambitious/pushy self-confident/arrogant bossy/assertive frank/brusque stubborn/determined make record of anew word, write down x need to know about it. Does 8 negative meaning? Can you negative form? Is the word ually used in its written form? Is there anything special about the pronunciation? Can you group the word with other, similar words? All shese things. you to remember the word and use itcorrectly, STUDY SKILLS » pai anything special y ustewne @ 1.17 Listen to descriptions of three people. Write down two adjectives from this page to describe each one, Fi ] 3 J SPEAKING Work with a partner. Decide what type of personality you need in order to do the following jobs. Give reasons for your answers. 1. the director ofan international bank ap the president fessional musica aTV presenter uss your ideas with the rest of the class. Do you have similar ideas?» Reading 2 What isa ‘genius’? Write a definition. Then write alist of people that you think are geniuses. ‘tb SPEAKING Work with a partner. Compare your definition and lists. Are they similar? 2 Read the text. What is the main message of the text? 3 Read the text again and choose the best answer. 1 The best violinists in the Bertin « b b c a b -ademy of Music violinists, ised the same linists between the ag five and eight, y didn't need to spend as much tim playing as the other violinist. great violinists didn’t ise mu cl for hours and hours but weren't very good the seemed to depend on the amount of time they practised, Is suggesting that Mi but he ni a long time to be great. always a briliant musician and composer, starting ata young age, se his father helpe te music a small business which became lobally famous, shows that you need to be determined and assertive become successful iseasy to understand because it follows the theory explained in this artic ‘apart from practice, the fe bomn is important. there isa perfect age, for example in your early twenties, Ibe studying at Guess the meaning of the underlined words from their context. Then use a dictionary to check your ideas. o's vilnist into three groups. mr soloists. Second ‘Qood, but not as good as the stars. In the third group were the student Re ue eee ee your career, ever since you first picked up the violin, how mary hours have yo BRCM er eae NC ue ort ieee the age of eight real ciferences began to appear. The students wiio would becc Sree eee mec al e e eoeee een ao Nn ae een SIRE eS Ue Tome eo oar er peste eR a Com Posse ogee ees ee QU on en Rory oj a Eee Sn eine teat ny ee or eet erogenous ness colleagues. Thay didnt find ‘grinds’ either, people wo worked harder than everyone else but ju Ce a geet caer wt ee POET sO SNe ee a a enc Se a Pe eo ence nan et ‘This idea ~ that excellence at a complex task needs a ciical, minimum level of practice — appears again and again in studies. infact, researchers have agreed on what they belive is a Deeg se yon ea oc co eee Poems se se ees.) ar nee} eraser err s true even of people we think of as prodigies. Mazar, for example, famously started \writing music at six. Bt, compared fo the standard of mature composers, Mozart's early works are not outstanding, His father probably wrote down all the earliest pieces, and perhaps improved them inthe process. People generally agree that Mozart didn't write his frst masterwork unt he Pee leo ca eam Ten thousand hours is, of course, an enormous amount of time. I's almost impossible to reach me ec Cc en een erent be poor, because there won't be enough time in the day to practise and work ful-time to earn ce Pe ose: Re ee toe Se eh | MeN mee Ng ee Corser cia een em ay ary erm do ee Re eed Moench oe on ge Meme Nr oom, learning how to use this strand Erie het Mea ema (dt Po Mae en eee Tt oc fe teenagers at that time had the kind of experience Gates had. Re ce Le eee a) oe enc Mac Nona er eh pe Boienen a Oe ae cu Tua ie uc! Presa SPEAKING What about you? The text suggests that agree? How important is naturaUC icoliie LM oLL ood Eun Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs ‘a Look atthe sentences. Which contain comparative forms and which contain superlative forms? 1 Some people worked harder than everyone ele 2 They were the best inthe class 3 Lets look more closely 4 5 This group is better than the other one. The most gifted students practised for over 10,000 hours. 6 Those students played the least. 7. She wtites the fastest. 'B Pop songs are easier to play than classical pieces. ‘Tb Look at the sentences again. Whi and which contain adverbs? contain adjectives (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > pag°54 ) 2. Complete the table below and then, with your partner, explain the rules for the different groups of adjectives. ‘Superlative ambitious hard-working good bad far the farthest/the furthest little (determiner) less For one-sylable adjectives, adler to make the comparative. 3. Match the rules for comparative and superlative adverbs 1-3 to the examples a-c. 1 We usually make comparative and superlative adverbs with more and the most. With some adverbs we add -erand the-st Some adverbs ee requir. well, bad, tle carefully, quietly, easly, beautifully, often, fast, hard, early, late, long, soon, near o 4 Rewritethe sentences using the correct comparative and superlative forms. 1 2 ai 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 In my opinion, Caleb isthe friendlier person in this clas. I think Emma is slighty taller that Claire. Thats defritely the most sly thing I've heard today! You can write much quickler on a computer than by hand. Sorry leouldrit come more soon. Isit much more further to your house? You need to try more hardly if you want to be a profesional musician. Michael Jackson was one ofthe more famous performers in the world That lm was terrible! k's the les interesting fm ve ever seen She did more well than me in the test Sa SPEAKINS Work with a partner and decide who in your, class .. eVanununs talks the fastest. shouts the loudest speaks the most quietly. draws the best, runs the most quickly arrives the earliest. writes the most neatly laughs the most often. Sb Say one of the names you chose in Sa. Can your, classmates guess the description? Cee Other ways of making comparisons Look at the sentences and answer the questions ae They worked as hard as the members of the other group. People in the second group were not as good as the stars, Maybe they were less gifted than the other violinists. 4 He was not so old as the other people in his lass 5 Thelonger you practise, the better you cet. 6 Theearlier you start, the easier itis, a b When do we use as... as? When do we use nor as...s, nat so. as, oF fess. than? © When do we use the structurein sentences § and 6? (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 54)7 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use between two and five words. 1 Paul enjoys surfing the net as much as playing computer games. ENJOYABLE For Paul, surfing the net computer games, Eating fruit and vegetables healthier than eating fast food Less Eating fast food «ating fruit and vegetables. When you walk at a higher speed, you get more tired, FASTER The more tired you get ‘Mick thinks judo is better than karate. NoT For Mick, karate Judo. (livia is quick when she writes, and so is Cathy. AS Cathy writes Olivia, When you run far, you become healthiet THE The you become Chinese is much harder to write than English, DIFFICULT Englishis| than Chinese, Basketball becomes easier depending on your height TALLER The basketball becornes, 8 Match the halves of these common expressions. When do we use the expressions? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The sooner a. than done, Better late b toworse, ler said ¢ thannever Better to be safe the harder they al The more e the merrier Thisis going from bad f the better The bigger they are g than sorry, 1 Noun suffixes Peters se igy Look at these words. Each one contains a noun suffix. Which of the nouns are people? ability appearance difference improvement investigation madness musician performer professor violinist Look at these words. Change them into nouns, ora different type of noun, using the suffixes below. You may need to change the spelling. Sometimes you can make more than one noun from each word. act confident create educate electric employ happy invent relevant science -ity ness -ance -ian ence -er -ment -or actor, creator “ion ist Read the text below. Complete the text with words related to the words given. Brien In thi type of exercise, sometimes you need to add 2 prefixora suffix or both, Sometimes the word ‘needs to be plural. Look at the context carefully todecide. EXAM SUCCESS > page 150 Sometimes you can get the impression that (a) today spend SCIENCE all ther time just improving high-tech toys and mobile phones. But just think of the 'b) of IMPORTANT some of the biggest inventions of the past. Take (¢) for ELECTRIC ‘example, o, mare specifically, the electric light bulb. The (a) CREATE ofthe light bulb is one ofthe ke ‘moments in human progress. INVENT take another person's idea and) IMPROVE bulbs meant the (g APPEAR (of gas lighting, wh e form of lumina electric lig DARK had made jobs and leisure activities dificult orimpossible at gave people the ( ABLE to see al day long, What 2 i hat madeto DIFFERENT cour word, inte aExtraordinary facts about an extraordinary man + Finstein tok Tonger than usual vo begin wo speak. He pczan aaa re after his second birthday He was also rebels some ly authority when he was at school These two 66% 507 toe peen the origin of « popular myth that Einstein bad ejent and that he failed at school. This is simply nt Nt Hietein was already outstanding at physics and very good Ermaths when he was young. At sixteen he wrote a brilliant Seaay that had a direct link wit his Tater work ip ‘elatvity ‘The nyth may also come from the fact that wien Ty Ttcoa he tried to get into te prestigious Federal Polytechnic rich, The normal entrance age was eighteen. 1 $950 he ir rad some of the non-science subjects, doing badly in French fae ie, The school didnot take him, But rememoe Ne for exam Pars younger Uuab usual. TRenext yeas, WREATS Tt Jost seventeen, he passed, In later if Eine) ‘well known pe king some mistakes in his maths, but he was HO"e pyseist than a master mathematician, And (Me ‘maths he was fhoing was not exactly 2+2= 4: * some people have suggested that Einstein's frst WS Nila Marie, helped him to develop his Theory of RALNTS: Tinsiein and Maric studied together at the same Polytech Sol in Zurich, although Einstein was younger {han Maric. Frias while he was married to Maric that Einstcin 19% his se portant scientific papers sncuing the Wonk At BO most Im pbel Prize In letters to Mari, Einstein ale about aoe verk on relative motion’ which suggests collaboration ceerome sort, Not everybody agrees about how big Ber pation was to Ensicia’s work, butt seems clea at she dtp him and have some influence on his work Einstein's Theory of Relativity changed the way (ht emtiats understood space and te. Einstcin desci>ee the i pae ag a four-dimensional piace where things MAPPCT in space-time’ rather than a three-dimension One ‘where time passes independently of space: He said cloeks ‘would go more Piowly in intense gravitational fields near Very Mass object eesin won the Nobel Prize in 1921, but not for hs ‘work on insthcony of Relativity. He received the prize for his work on the photoelectric effect. His revolutionary idea Was that light fa stream of particles called photons. + Einstein's brain was quite special. There apart of 6 ‘ncn responsible for mathematical thought and {he ability (0 ara in rms of space and movement. In Einstein's ets this region sas 15 per cent wider than average: AS ‘well as this. The tne that runs from the front of the brain to ¢he back was, are vaplet. They think that this alowed the (wo Pals of Einstein's (very wide) brain to talk to each other NO™, fluently aan we know al this? After died, 2 curious scien ‘removed his brain to check it out Cross-curricular — Si - Scie Albert Einstein = 1 SPEAR Work with with partner. Make lis of thin know about Albert Einstein. ee 2. Readthe tert. Ooesit me athe text. Ooesitmenton ay othe hi tea Decseny ofthe eforeaden rpiSigou? oe x 3. Read the text again and answer these questions 1 What the possbies Wit es theory that Erte 2. hat inforaton suagest ht Eten wifewas moles in his scientific works? 7 3 According othe The 10 the Teor of Rls thereastong or we connection between time and space? 7 5 4 Wats inte oe 5 CLUES ia) Match the words and definitions 1 rebellious : ran 4 acomminsteotevotini rs suey sorgnzscn goofs prestigious thepowerto make you abey ues sueam © inoppostion tthe accented w doing things ee d_ admired and respected INSIDE INFORMATION ISIBer Ese ves Gorn 191879 in Germany andhededint355intneUSk 1 Finseins mosifano. 5s equation was E=me ‘lesa haste equsism csquaredCross-curricular — Philosophy What is intelligence? pee as elect eae 4 Hereis.a selection of some of Einstein’s best and most famous quotes. Choose your three favourite quotes and make notes about why you like them. 1. "Two things are infinite: the universe and answers? human stpicty-and Im not sure about the : Paes . RRO at intelligence. Which alternatives does the expert SM ear ert ty ae ans 2. ‘Inever think ofthe future, comes enoug! 3. ‘Anyone who has nev v4 tried anything ne ORE EIR te aad 4 ‘Common sense the collection of prejudices Ce ees ignteen: an make things big complexand more violent. It takes a ‘of genius~ and alot of courage ~ to move in the acquired by age Gardner's Multiple Intelligences ‘opposite direction 6 ‘Equations are more important ta m ; Includes reading, writing talking, listening poetry politics is for t > 2 Logieal and Includes ability with numbers, scientific thinking 3 Spatial Includes navigating a boat or plane, Match the words and definitions. courage a inmaths,a statement that prejudices twosets of numbers letters or 1 2 3 4 ired symbols are eau Indes plang singing, composing equation, b neate onions whichhave 5 Kinaestheie ee teas € the ablity 0 do something things you know ‘good, even thoughiitisd & Intecpersonal Includes ther peo ther, belping and teaching trem obtained 1 Inteapersonal 5 SPEAKING Compare your answers in 4 with other students. Are your answers similar? rrr ) {6a Work in groups. Choose a genius from your country. They can be living or dead, and can be famous for any reason Includes understanding COs saris 6b Each person in the group researches one aspect of this person's life ~ childhood, career, famous works, quotes, etc. Also look for photos and illustrations. 6c In your group, decide how to present your information to the rest of the class.SPEAKING Work with a partner. Lookat the photos. How intelligent do you think these animals are? foryour answers. wine @ 1.19 Listen to two teenagers talking about the animals. Are these statements true (T), false (F) or is the information not given (NG)? 1. The teenagers talk about an incident that happened yesterday was only aggressive towards f vistors to the 200, Sy of racks and stones n he took 5 The chimp was a g early every throw. jood shot and hit people with 6 wes that animals only live in 7 8 rere dolphins do tick. 9. The gil tellsa story about @ man who taught dolphins inthe wild to do tricks © Correct the false statements. Listen again itmecessary. Work with a partner. Write a summary of the stories about the chimpanzee and the dolphin and what they tell us about animal intelligence. Unit 4 ei cellulelmmooa Cs Articles 1. Read these sentences. 1 There was.a chimpanzee in a z00 in Sweden, 2. The chimpanze gatthez 3. (Scientists say (+) humens make (+) plans but animals dont. re the most intelligent animalsin the world didn'tlike 2. Match the sentence halves to make rules. Which sentence in 1 is an example of each rule? 1 Weuse a/an We use the We use no art to talkabout a singular countable person or thing for the fist time, or to say that the person or thing a number or people or things b_ totalkabouta specific person ar thing oF son or thing mentioned before totalkabout things in general in th d_ totalkabout son with superiative adjectives and adverbs, GRAMMAR REFERENCE > pace 54 3. Choose the correctalternative. 1. They say that think the/— dogs are the/- most intelligent pets. Last night | saw g/ documentary about athe bi ly good memory. 4 Did you read athe book ab that | gave you yesterd language is what separates the/ animals rd that ut the/— animal inteligence cckon that we'e the/- more violent than most animal, 6 A/The biogest problem today is that we aren’ looking after ath eek | read anvthe article about the/- first intelligence Ihe/- gorillas 4 Complete the text with a, an, the or ~ (no article, ve got fa) friend who loves (b) animals. She's got @ ‘amazing dog. When you askit d) ‘maths question like What's 212" or What's 53 itcan tell you (e) answer! Of course dogs cant speak but this dog touches (g) loor with his paw to answer. Soif (h answer i four, it touches 0 floor four times, Ithink that my friend could make a fortune on () TVshow.5 Read this text and correct eight mistakes in the use of articles. THE ‘HOBBIT’ In 2004 the sotentists found a small skeleton on the {sland in Indonesia, It was the skeleton of woman, They called the woman the ‘hobbit’ because she was so small, She was about thirty years old when she died, but only ‘one metre tall. That's the same height as the thres-year- ‘ld child. She had a brain that was much smaller than ‘humans today. The scientists who found her announced the discovery in Nature magazine, As well as being small, ‘skeleton is quite different from ours. The legs are ‘much shorter but arms are relatively long, The scientists found the skeleton in a cave where they also found the bones of prehistoric animals such as the glant rats. It appears that the hobbit lived just 18,000 years ago. Experts are calling ita most spectacular discovery last fifty: Sere a So, such, too, enough 6 Look at these sentences and complete the rules. below with so, such, too or enough. The chimpanzee got 30 tired of vistors that he'd throw stonesat them. He did it so carefully. t's such a clear example that you have to agree with the scientists. t’ssuch a pty i wasn't too dificult to find the stones They a(n) clever enough to make future plans. We use tosay something sor isnt excessive. it comes before an adjective or adver. We use to say fsomething is or isnt sufficient. It comes after an adjective or adver We use tointensfy aroun (with or without an adjective). ifthe nounis singular we use a/an before the noun, We use to intensity an adjective oradverb. We use to + infinitive afte and 6 We use that after and (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page54 ) 8 Complete the second sentence so that 7 Complete the sentences with these words. If no word is necessary, put ~. @ enough enough so so so such to too 1 He's Clever that the university offered him 1 when he was just fifteen 2. Imfifteen, som young ta vote in a general election. 3 It'ssuch utiful day today. 4. She isn't all to get the book off the shelf 5 Itstoo late say that youre sorry 6 |havesuch good memories of living by the sea, 7 Thefilm was exciting that | watched it twice. 8 When you'e eighteen, in ries youre old to drive 9 Rebecca and Christine are good friends that they seem lke sisters. 10 Nov that band. Their mu: meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not. change the word given. Use between two and five words. 1. Thatartist does such good pictures that everyone copies her. so That artist's pictures copies her. 2 The water was so cold that we couldn't swim, TOO The water was wim. 3. The bookwas really interesting and everybody wanted to read it. SUCH Ie was: everybody wanted to read it 4 Her paintings are so good that you could sell then, ENOUGH Her paintings sell 5 [twas so cold that day that they stayed at home. SUCH Iewas. they stayed at home, 6 It was so dark that they couldn't see anything. TOO tt anything, 7 He'sso insecure that hell never be a good leader. SELF-CONFIDENT He. bbe a good leader. 8 Kate doesn't sing very well so she won't be professional singer, ENOUGH Kate doesn't to singer. 9a Use your imagination to complete these sentences. 1 They've got such abig house There was a woman who I knew a boy who w My friends so q knew som We ‘9b SPEAKING Work in small groups. Compare sentences. Choose the funniest and tell them to the rest of the class. Unit 4 md1 SPEAMGNE Work with a partner. Look at this presentation topic and decide if you agree or disagree with the statement. Explain your ideas and make notes. the only way to check that students are ‘ning. Do you agree? Why?/Why not? 2 csrewne @ 120 Listen to. student giving a presentation on this topic. What is his opinion? Does he tention any of your ideas? 3 @ Listen again and tick the expressions in the ‘Speaking Bank that you hear. eee Useful expressions to structure a presentation Beginning your presentation + Id tke to begin by saying To start with +The fist thing Id lke to say's Ordering your arguments + Fistofall, + Firstly, + Secondly, + Another thing + Furthermore, + What's more, + Itsimportant to remember that + ItSalso true that Concluding your presentation + Finally + Tosumup. + Last but not least, + The point fm trying to makes + Inshort, 4 SPEAKING: With your partner, organize your notes from 1 ina logical order, with an introduction and a conclusion. 5 SPEAKING Read the advice in Exam Success and then take it in turns to give a presentation about your opinion, Remember to use expressions from the Speaking Bank, When you finish, discuss how well you at you can lot ‘tes, but don't ust read them aloud. Don't forget 3t your audience to see ifthey understand yau and sted, EXAM SUCCESS » page 150 Practice makes perfect Ga SPEAKING Prepare a presentation on this topic. Boys and girls learn better when they are in ses Do you agree? Why?/Why not? jour presentation to the class. ee Kristen Stewart Usain HoltSPEAKING Work with a partner, Talk about the people in the photos on the left. Say who they are, describe their appearance and say why they are famous. SPEAKING Look at this definition of a hero. Make alist of some of your heroes. Compare lists with a partner and explain why you chose each person. hero noun someone who you Imire for their intelligence ability or personal qualities Look at this photo. Who do you think the man is? What ‘type of person do you think heis, judging from the photo? Read a description of the man in the photo. Does the description match your ideas in 3? fe hynero is a weiter called Patrick RothfusssHes Fort the USA. | think he’s about thirty years old, Hast Becoming famous because he's written a fantasymetel called The Name of the Wind wrich became @ beet seller ond hos been translated into, oversten laratates, b Wes you see photo’ of Patrick Ratafuse, Nelocke) lke he's on extremely funy, cheeUl ans autgenng person. He got curly hair and gute @lcng, bushy beard. He tends to wear Very casual cletHiess like ‘Tshirts with slogans. Sometimes he wears tral weird things tke fancy dress, | cart caaly agin ire ever. wearing formal dotnes: Match the paragraphs a-d to these topics. Why this person isa hero of m ‘The person's name/basic special The person's appearance The person's personality Choose one of the heroes on your list and use each ‘expression in the Writing Bank to write about their personality or appearance. + HeyShey/t seerns + He/Sheitt looks. He/She/Itis very/eally/extremely + ‘normal (good, big, ec) He/She/Itis completely/totaly/absolutely He/She/its quite/rether + normal‘ adjectives HeyShertt can be HefShe/It ends to He/She/Ithi vat like (most) about him/her/it is Look at the task and write your description. Follow the paragraph plan in S and use expressions from the Writing Bank. ‘Write a description of one of your heroes. It can be a famous person or someone in your life, for example a friend or relative. They can be living or dead. Explain why you admire them, \When you finish writing a text in English, checkit cas Have you answered the question? Are there any ob ‘mistakes? Isit easy to understand the ideas and infor your text? ‘From reading his novel and his bogs, irs Cava ‘thot Rothfuss is really clever ond telented. Suse ome time, he never takes himsef 120 Sangean disc has very generous sige. On fis Wetar= == helped to relee thousands of Golar= erty cole Heifer Intéenational which fights poverty oc ance" ciffereat patts of the word The man reason that Porrck Roms = ¢ Pena mine is that The Name of ane W. nds one of she best bocks ive ever read. Hes they meke 2 fim of te back lone days Avatter recsar ike hn is that the worklhe des for charfy srovs tai ony 0 great water but-a Kind, coritg perset alLanguage reference and revision erro e Kerk aCe Making comparisons We usually make comparative and superlative adverbs with more» Weuseas.... as to say two things are the same. and the most. Dogs are as clever as cats. carefully) more carefully, the most carefully With these adverbs we add -er and the -est. + Weusenotas ...as or not so... as to say that the second person or thing is more... than the fst on. fasth faster, the fastest Animals aren't as inteligent as humans, (= Humans are These adverbs ae inregulr ‘more intelligent than animals) well» better, the best + Weuse The+ comparative, the + comparative to talk bout badly> worse, the worst ‘two things that happen together, little (determiner) > less, the least The faster Iran, the more tired | feel. Use the harder you stushy the better your results. + Lessisthe opposite of more. Animals are less intelligent than humans. (@ Humans are more intellgent than animals) Articles WAn + Weuse the otal about something unicue, something that ountable nours We use it when we there i only one of me, ort0say that the person orthing the sun, the government (ina particular country) the flor, iM the world We use the with superlative adjectives and adverbs No article «We donot use an article with plural countable nouns or ms when we ae taking about people or things Scientists say that animals have complex brains 1h biology + We use such to intensify the meaning of nouns with or without saves th adjectives We use a/an after such when we continue witha ‘She's ss hard-working. She works so hard. singular countable noun, but not with uncountable/plural nouns . 165 such an interesting topic. It's such a pity Heasks such dificult questions peteckes pig WEES, Na aT & He's very clever. (= positive) Yes bod oot hes oer (> magatia) Personality 2 Noun suffixes ambitious/pushy _assertive/bossy actor creator educator _electriclan employer inventor broad-minded/naraw-minded —_determined/stubborn musician performer prcfessor scientist violinist ability easy-going/nervous _generous/tight-fisted action activity appearance confidence creation frank/brusque gifted/slow —mature/immature creativity darkness difference education _ electricity lest/big-headed —outgaing/teserved employment happiness importance _ improvement nfident/arrogant sel-confdent/insecure invention investigation madness relevance ctfulAactless 3. Other words and phrases > page 138, 54 Unita> Grammar revision Making comparisons 1 Choose the correct alternative. In some sentences, both alternatives are correct. She doesnt workas ha/haudy as me. My dlassmates are alo: less hard-working The sunnierit tet She speaks quitevmare quit than a mouse The Theory of Relativity i not ao dificult as people imagine They're the mast/east confident people | know. The sooner she finishes her work, the gorlleveanliest she can get home, When you write your composition, do it more carefu/carefuly than the last one you did WORKBOOK > page 30 So/such/too/enough Articles 2 There are no articles in these sentences. Add seven atticles in the correct places. | met friend yesterday in city centre ‘Most important thing in life is good friends. Experts say government is having problems When Im bored | pick up book and read | ike listening to actors and things they say about Hollywood. Programmes | watch on TV re al on late at night. WORKBOOK > page 33 Match the sentence halves and complete the sentences with so, such, too, enough. The test was......long My unclewas.._.. serious My friend wasn't patient. He arrived... late Iwas... long film He was strong _ Hisassignment was... bad We went t......@ beautiful place for our holidays last year Complete the sentences with adjectives of personality. A uu: Person Is someone who is very careful in the way they speak and behave so that they do nat make other people unhappy. Ifyou are... it means you aren't generous with your money. A ou. PerSON is someane who accepts many different types of behaviour ands not easly shacked. Being... 5 the opposite of being self-confident If someone is ambitious but in a negative way, they are His fiends say he's determined, but other people say he She's twenty-five but she's quite... Because she acts like she is still child A. student is one who has an impressive natural bility, She never gets nervous, she's always relaxed and WORKBOOK > page 28 tose the start ofthe film, thatwe didn't stay to see the end. that we've decided to go there again ths year. to carry all the dictionaries to wait for me, that he never laughed. that the teacher gave it a0, to finish in just one lesson, WORKBOOK b page 33 Complete the sentences with a noun related to the words given. One day shel Ike to become a professional musi What an... improve). Your work is much better Playing a sportwell is often a question of .__. (confident They/re spending more and more money on health and (educate), There was no light, just Mark Zuckerberg the The lights arent working, We need to Your... (appeat) is important in (dark) every (create) of Facebo« WORKBOOK > page 31 Total YM Unita 551s complete a text with missing which you cannot complete, continue with t and then go back later to the difficult, 1 Work with a partner. Look at the photo. What do you think it takes to become a table tennis champion? 2 Read the text. What i the writer's answer to the question ‘What makes a champion?’? 3. Ten sentences have been removed from the article, Choose from the sentences A-K the one which fits each gap. There Is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. A. MrCharters was a teacher atthe local primary shoot a tall ‘man with a moustache and disdain for conventional teaching methods. 8 My brother and took full advantage, training after school. at ‘weekends and during schoo! holidays, 12. is the way that many who have reached the top haglLayatnr se field, choose to tell their stories. {sport or indeed in any other ° forreasons th or reasons they ae sil rable to explain deciedto buy atti tenis taba a ouper-seune ob at os iettering since youask"andptn carer E Welike to think that sport is a meritocracy in which “Schievernent is driven by talent and hard work. butit is nothing of, the sort. F Omega was not a luxurious elub. it was a one-table hut in suburban Reading: cold in winter, ferociously hot in summer. with plants growing through the roof and floor. 1G Most people think they know natural talent when they see H_ Sometimes | would marvel that | had these skills in such ‘sbundance that they were capable of elevating me - litle me! ~ beyond hundreds of thousands of others aspiring to that precious top spot In January 1995 | became the British No. table tennis player sc the first time - which, lam sure you will agree. is a heck of an scheverent 4 _Hsd some genetic mutation spread through the area without Seuching the surrounding roads and villages? My second piece of good fortune was having an older brother, decrem who came to love table tennis 26 much as | did 36 What makes.a champion? (1) __ Table tennis is a pretty big sport in the UK, with 2.4 million participants. 30,000 paid-up members of the ‘governing body, thousands of teams and serious riches for those who excel. But what made me special? What had marked me out for greatness? I came up with various altributes: speed, mental strength, adaptability, agility and reflexes, (2)... And all this was doubly amazing, considering that, Thad been born into a family in an ordinary suburb of an ordinary town in south-east England, Mine was a triumph of individuality. a personal odyssey of success. @)_.__. We tive in a culture that encourages this kind of individualism. But while these stories are inspirational and entertaining, are they true? Here is my table tennis story, retold with the bits that I chose to ignore the first time round. as they diminished the romance and individuality of my triumph, (4) ___ You can imagine that there were not many youngsters of my age (I was eight at the time) in my home town who possessed a full-size, tournament-specification table. Fewer still had a garage in which it could be housed full-time. This was my first bit of good fortune. (5) .__ We would play for hours after school: duelling. battling, testing each other's reflexes, experimenting with ‘new spins, investigating new paddles. (6)... He was the coach of almost al of the after-school sporting clubs, the organiser of school sports days. and the inventor of a game called “bucket ball’ — a kind of improvised basketball. But Charters cared about one thing above all; table tennis. He was the nation’s top coach and a senior figure in the English Table Tennis Association. He invited my brother and me to join the local club. Omega, in 1980, just when we were beginning to outgrow the garage. (7). Butithad one advantage that made it almost unique in the county: it was open 24 hours a day for the exclusive Use of its tiny group of members. each of whom had a set of keys. (8) _._ We were joined by other alumni who had been spotted by Charters. so that by 1981 Omega was becoming something of a sensation. One street alone (Silverdale Road, where the school was) contained an astonishing number of the nation’s top players. (9) ___ Ofcourse not: the success of Silverdale Road was about the coming together of factors similar to those that have, from time to time, elevated other places into the sporting ascendancy (for example. Spartak. a Moscow tennis club, created more top-20 women players between 2005 and 2007 than the whole of the USA). In our case, all the local sporting talent was focused on table tennis, and all the aspiring players were nurtured by an outstanding coach. (10)... Think of the thousands of potential table tennis champions not fortunate enough to live in Silverdale Road, with its particular set of advantages. Think of the thousands cof potential Wimbledon champions who have never been fortunate enough to.own a tennis racket or receive ‘specialised training. Practically every man or woman who triumphs is. on closer inspection. a beneficiary of unusual circumstances.> Speaking Siena tations, remember n't speak too fast. youd jollow you. people will not be able to EXAM SUCCESS > page 150 4 Look at this presentation topic. Prepare a presentation by making notes, but do not write complete sentences. Talk about any sports champions that you admire. In your opinion, to what do they owe their success? Why do you admire them? 5 Work with a partner. Brainstorm any expressions you know for: 1. beginning a presentation. 2. ordering your arguments. 3 concluding a presentation, 6 Work in groups and take it in turns to give your presentations. Use expressions from 5. > Use of English Go ee eee In word formation doze tests, emer To change the type of word you will usually n fs (eo. on to make a noun, -y to make an advert). To change the meaning of the word you will usually need a prefix (eg, Im, re EXAM SUCCESS > page 150 7 Work with a partner. The object in the photo is a time capsule. What do you think is inside? 8 Complete the text with words related to the words given. Recently pupils ata local schoo! had an @ Visit from students who EXPECT were att Thanks tothe) APPEAR which construction ACCIDENT when the lh as tothe school buildings. IMPROVE They were surprised to see an (6) USUAL ld box hidden inside the wall of old objects and letters chosen by the students who were studying in the school in 19121 The idea was to aive future generations of students an idea cof how life was atthe time. The students w. bbe amazed to see the (f) in DIFFERENT lifeniow. The (9) ofinventions IMPORTANT such as televisions, computers and mobile phones have completely ransformed the world, Butlet’s not get ‘00 clever or (h) our ESTIMATE ‘own intelligence. Just imagine preparing your ‘own time capsule today. Put in a copy of the 0 ‘computer magazine. n 100 Late years’ time no doubt people wil ind the technology shown in the magazine () BELIEVE primitive > Writing In stores, remem Use a variety of past tenses and linkers of time and sequence to make it clear when the different events in the story happened. You can also make the story come alive by u short sections of direct speech from time to time, EXAM SUCCESS » page 150 9 Work with @ partner. Read this task and plan your story. Think about the main events, the background and any important scenes. Your English teacher has asked you to write a story for the school magazine. The story must begin with the following words: i Thad been cleaning out the attic at home all morning when I suddenly found an ancient box that looked like it was about to fall into pieces. When I opened the box and looked inside, I just couldn't believe my eves. 10 Individually, write your story. Follow this paragraph plan. Fret paragraph: Explain w © Middle peragrapts 575 Money talks cabulary Buying and selling Money and banking ‘1a Work with a partner. How many different names for shops can you write 4 Match these words and phrases with the down in two minutes? definitions. Usea dictionary if necessary. ‘1b Work with another pair. Say things that you can buy in the different shops bank charges/fees bill _cashpoint in your list. Can they name the shops? credit/debit current account getinto debt interest end money/give somebody a loan overdraft savings account withdraw money Where do you buy chops and steaks? Atthe butcher’. 11 anagreement with your bank that allows youto spend money when there Is na money in your account 2 abank account that you use to keep and save money 3. give money to somebody fora period of time, ater which they ove it back 4 amount of money you have to pay a bank for the services that they give you 5 a bankaccount that you can take money outof when you want take money from a tank account 7 money you get froma bank forkeeping your raney there, or money that you pay to a bank when you borrow money from them 8 avwritten statement saying how much afford bargain cash change discount _recelpt money you owe for goods o services you refund sale valueformoney waste have received 9 amachine that gives you money when you 2 Complete the text with these words. Use a dictionary ifnecessary. Tarts dates sho tat aye nthe shopping cre nea whee dor puta bankcardinit often buy clothes there because | cant (a it its just t00 expensive a eae e a forme, But lat week they had a special (b} there and everything 0 rp peal ad walt ote was cheaper than usual. They had a (©. (of between 20 percent econ and 50 percent on most ofthe things there found rel (4) -a 11_startto owe money Jacket that cos ust £35 instead of £120! That's great) use itsealy cheap forajaclet mace by atop desgner. Anyway ddnithave anyiDs01 -«S_—STENING:@)1.21 Listen and answer the questions. You will hear each question couldn't use my credit card pad inf I gave them a £50 note and they gave me £15 (@) 1 asked for the (hy tee because ifyou have problems afterwards you need to have proof hat you bought it 1 5 in thatpanicular shop. Gnce | bought a coat but then | decided dn ike it. | dint 2 6 want to my money 50 tookit back ana, luckily, they gave me a 3 7 a 4 8 3. SPEAKING Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. 6 How do you say these words? What do 0 you have any change in your pocket at the moment? ‘they all have in common? How do your parents usually pay in shops? Do you or your family usually buy things in the sales? Do you usualy keep the receipt when you buy something? 1 2 5 card climb cupboard debt 4 5” Have youor your family ever asked for a refund in a shop? When? Why? 6 7 8 doubt eight honest knowledge listen litre psychological receipt ‘through withdraw written Do students get special discounts in your country? Where or when? Have youever wasted your money? When? Think of something that you have bought that was areal bargain or that was {good value for money. What was it? Where and when did you buy 1? uisrewna @ 1.22 Listen to the words and correct your pronunciation if necessary.‘SPEAKING Work with a partner. Imagine that you are going to open a bank account. What information would you like to know before you open the account? Make a lst of questions. Do they give you a credit card? You have five minutes to read these two texts. What is the purpose of each text? Where might you find each text? Text \When you are living at home, most students don't really need a current account, But when you go to university, you should definitely consider opening one. It makes it easier for people to send you money and italso means that you can pay bills and shop without cash. ‘Most banks are happy about opening current accounts for students. They hope that ifyou start banking with ther now, later when you start eaming large amounts of ‘money youll stay with them, Banks use typical advertising techniques to attract you. They sometimes offer free CDs, ‘concert tickets, MP3 players or other incentives. But before you open a bank account just because ofa free gift, you ‘ought to think twice about the conditions the account offers Firstly, do they offer an overdraft? Ifthe answer is yes and it usually i), how big are the overdraft fees? You must find this out before you need to use the overdraft or you can get, a very unpleasant surprise. Do you get a credit or debit card with the account? Obviously, these are the easiest ways to pay nowadays in most shops, bars and restaurants. But be careful with credit cards. They’te so easy to use that, before you know it, you've got yourself into debt. And the bank charges can be high. Check whether your bank offers free banking, This means that for basic services you don't have to pay any bank charges, provided that you have money in your account, Remember, you mustn't get into debt if you don't want the bank to start charging you interest Another important question is location. Some banks have branches near the university campus. You had better make sure that there isa near where you study or lve because it can save so much time, Most banks offer Internet banking, and that isa great way of knowing the ‘exact situation that your finances are in, But there are times ‘when you just have to go to your bank in person. Apart from anything, some banks have special Student Advisors there who can give you useful advice. Text2 That's a really good question. lopened my first bank account much too quickly. should have looked around more carefully at the id. at different banks but | just went to the branch nearest the University and opened it there. it was only after that | found that it had the worst conditions for students! So my first piece of advice to you is to look around carefully atthe different offers. To actually open the account | had to take my passport, of course. Im from outside the European Union so | also needed to take my visa. | was worried because there was only five months left on my visa and last year a friend of mine wasn't allowed to open an account because he only had three months left. But | was fie, ‘The other thing I had to take was a thing called ‘letter of introduction’ from the university. I's simply an offical letter that you can get from ‘your uni. Itneeds to give your name, your date of birth, your UK address and your home address. It must also say which course you're studying, | \When I went, also took my driving licence but | needn't have taken it because the passport, visa and letter of introduction were enough, I suggest you check withthe bank youte interested in, because ifferent banks ask fr diferent things. Iknow a friend who had to give ‘that there would be money coming into is account inthe future. But didn't have todo that for ny bank. Ihope that helps. Good luck! Answer these questions with information from the texts. Say where you found the answers (text and line number). 1 What problems can credit ards create? With credit cards it’s easy to spend too much, and then you hhave topay more moncy back to the bank. Text I ines 27-24 tim from Egypt and | want 10 open a bank account the UK. Is my passport sufficient? Should laccepta fre gift for pening a bank account Hovr importants the location ofa bank? Ifa bank offers me ree banking, what does it mean? How can Internet banking help me? Who can students ask for help with ther finances? What ae the advantages of opening a current account? My bank says Ineed a letter of introduction. What's that? Do all banks ask forthe same documents to open an account? Soavausy ‘Skimming and scanning are two different ways of reading a text. When we skim a text, ke in 2, we read it quickly to get a general, overall idea of the text. When ive scan a text, ikein 3, we tead itin more detail o find specific information. STUDY SKILLS » page 147 Find underlined words in the texts that mean: 1 an office representing a bank in a particular area 2. notnice 3. information that shows that something is true 4 onthe condition that 5 the things that you accept when you make a business or financial agreement 6 things that make you want to do something SPEAKING What about you? ‘When do you think you will open your own bankaccount or have your own credit card?2 De 1 2 3 Complete the text: | MCTcol ire mmo a PDL Modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and advice — present ‘Ta Match the sentences a-I to the functions 1-4, a You ought to think twice about the conditions. b_ You should consider opening a current account. © With free banking, you don’t have to pay any bank charges. The letter must say which course you're studying, @ Youhave to be eighteen to open an account without your parents. f You mustn't get into debt 4g You'd better make sure that there isa branch near you. h Youaren't allowed to open an account until you're sixteen, The letter needs to give your address and date of birth, You needn't take a driving licence. You don’t need to take a driving licence You can't open a bank account without identification. ecide if the sentences are correct. Rewrite the incorrect sentences. You shouldn't arrive late for a meeting with a bank manager. You don't have to use somebody else's passport to open a ‘bank account. Have you to sign your name on your credit card? Aren't foreigners allowed have a student account? When you live at home, most students needn't to open a ‘current account, She would better get a debit card because it isn't safe to take lots of cash everywhere, We ought to ask for advice because we don't know much about banking. You must take all the documents to the bank yourself to open an account. these words. There are four extra words. lowed are aren't. had has have must mustn't needn't needs ought You better hurry or you'll miss the bus. My dad. to wear a uniform because he's a firefighter. We've just eaten. In my opinion, we. to have a rest before we swim again 01S nee nena allowed to drive in buy mea present for my birthday. ally want anything el their children that they _ to use calculators in maths exams got to take mine today express obligation or necessity say there is no obligation or necessity say something is prohibited or not possible give advice orrecommendations 4, RUN ‘Th Answer these questions. 11 Which structures need to + infinitive? Which need the infinitive without 10? How do you make sentence € into a question? How do you make sentences b and g negative? How do you make sentence j affirmative? Does‘ stand for had or would in sentence g? waun (GRAMMAR REFERENCE 68) 4a SPEAKING Work in pairs. A British student is coming to study for one month at your school. Prepare eight sentences using each of these words and expressions. areallowedto can't don'thaveto had better not must mustn't needn't ought to. You must learn some basic expressions in our languag Geceass astm lesbos cent Eph 4b Compare answers. Decide on the five most useful pieces of information. Pus ‘Modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and advice — past 5 Match the sentences a-i to the functions 1-5. 4 {had to rake my passport I didn’thave to do that for my bank | took my driving licence but! needn't have taken it d_ Afriend of mine wasn’t allowed to open an account. € needed to take my visa. f 9 h | should/ought to have looked around. | shouldn't have done that. | didn’t need to go to the bank yesterday. He couldn't open an account. 1. express obligation and necessity in the past say that something happened but it was not necessary 3 say that something didn't happen because it was not necessary 4. say something was prohibited or not possible 5 criticise a past action or say that it was a mistake |RAMMAR REFERENCE > page 68 )pee cetel stein 6 Write these sentences in the past. 1 You should ask them for advice 2 She must arrive on time every morning 3 Doyou have to goto the meeting? 4 Wermustnt wear jeansand Tshirts 5 |dor't need to get up early (but do. 6 She doesn't need to wear a uniform (s0 she doesnt. 7 We ought to work as ateam. 8 They need to_ask the university fora letter of introduction 7 Complete the sentences for the situations. Use each of these expressions once. couldn't didn’thaveto hadto _neededto needn'thave ought tohave —should(n't) have wasn't/weren't allowed to 1. did the exercises last night because they were obligatory, 1 2. Taking food to the party was optional for us, but we took we 3. She didn't revise for the exam and that was a big mistake, She 4. They didn't have permission to go into the office. They 5 Itwas necessary for the plane to land, The plane, 6 Itwasn’tnecessary to show my receipt to the shop assistant, sol! didnt with you yesterday and that was a silly thing to 8 [twas impossible for her to speak to the bank manager. She 8a Think about when you were at primary school. Write sentences about things that were obligatory, not obligatory, prohibited, and that you should or shouldn't have done. Use the structures on this page. J didn’t have to wear a tie, but | had to wear short browsers. Sb SPEAKING Compare sentences in small groups. Were your experiences similar? 4 Phrasal verbs connected with money and shopping Look at the phrasal verbs used in these sentences and match them with the definitions a-h. 1 Ifyou want to buy @ new computer, you need to start saving up. 2. The government say that they are going to cut back on education. 3. She lent me some money last have to pay it back. 4 The bill comes to £43.50. 5. Atthe local supermarket they're giving away CDs when you buy six cans of cola, 6 | picked up some amazing bargains in the sales 7 |couldn't buy that new computer game be already sold out. She's going to splash out on that designer jacket. ek but next week! use they’ ive someone the same amount of money they lent you not spend money so that you can buy something reduce the amount of money you spend buy bbuy something expensive (informal) let somebody have something without paying reach a total when you add all the parts together zyerme ance stop selling a product because there are no more available to sell Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of one of. the phrasal verbs in 1. 1. Can you buy some milk on the way home? 2 That coatis expensive but Im going to buy it. 3. We need to reduce the amount we spend on luxury items. 4. That shop gives you a free video game with each console. 5 can't go to the concert because | need money for the summer holidays. 6 You should buy the DVD now because it’s disappearing fast. 7. Miigive you the maney you lent me tomorrow, 8 The book was £10 and the magazine was £2.50 so total was £12.50. Choose the correct alternative. 1. Are you saving back/yp to buy something? 2 Doyounes fyp at the moment? 3. Haveyou or your family ever splashed away/out on something? 4 Have you ever gone to buy something and found that they had already sold out/up? 5. Have you or your family ever bought something because they were giving something away/n with it? fer picked away/up a bargain in the sales? 10 pay somebody 6 Haveyo SPEAKING Ask your partner the questionsin 3. If your partner answers Yes, ask questions to find out more informatior ‘Unit 5 omWinning money INSIDE INFORMATION Cross-curricular — Literature Q&A by Vikas Swarup We are still in the commercial break. Prem Kumar isin a ‘corner, conferring with the long-haired producer. [look around the studio, Many members of the audience are watching me, wondering perhaps what is going through my mind, Prem Kumar ends his consultation and walks up to me, He has assinister grin on his face. “Thomas, we don't know how you have ‘managed to answer eleven questions so far, but there is no way you will be able to answer the final question. “We'll see "No, I'll see. Prepare yourself to lose all’ says Prem Kumar and sits down on his seat. The studio sign changes to ‘Applause. The signature tune comes on, The audience claps loudly. Prem Kumar looks at the camera. ‘Ladies and gentlemen, we are standing at the brink of a historic moment, not just for this show but perhaps for posterity. Ram Mohammad Thomas, an eighteen’ year-old waiter from Mumbai, has gone further than any other Contestant on this show. If he answers this last question correetly he will win the biggest jackpot in history ~ one billion rupees. It he fails to give me the correct answer, he will lose the single largest sum of money ever to be lost by an individual in sixty seconds ~ one billion rupees, So please clear your minds, fill your hearts and join me in saluting once again our contestant tonight, Mr Ram Mohammad Thomas! ‘The moment | have been waiting for has finally arrived. Itake a deep breath and prepare to face my destiny. ‘OK, without any further ado, here is the last question for you, Mr Thomas, and this is from... the pages of history! We all know that Mumtaz Mahal was the wife of emperor Shakjahan and that he built the world-famous Taj Mahal in her memory, but what was the name of Mumtaz Mahal’s father? This is the billion-rupee question. Your choices, Mr Thomas, are a) Mirza Ali Kuli Beg, b) Sirajuddaulah, c) Asaf Jah, or d) Abdur Rahim Khan Khanan, Think about your answer carefully, MrThomas, Iknow you need time to reflect on your answer, and to allow you just that, wwe will now take another quick commercial break. Ladies and gentlemen, please don’t even think of going anywhere Prem Kumar grins widely atme. Got you, didn’t 1? Unless) you have an MA in Medieval History, there is no way you'll ibe able to answer this, So bid goodbye to the hundred million you have just won and prepare to resume your career as a waiter He laughs. Haugh back ‘Hal I've got no MA in history, but Tdo know the answer 10) this question. The answer is Asaf Jah.) Prem Kumar looks aghast, ‘How... how do you know this? [know it because I worked as a guide fortwo years at the Taj Mahal! For the first time Prem Kumarlooks at me witha trace of fear and runs to the producer. They whisper amongst themselves. Eventually Prem Kumar comes back to his ses ‘The studio sign changes to ‘Applause’ and the signature ‘Ladies and gentlemen, before we went into the break Tasked the question, what was the name of the father of Mumtaz Mahal? Tam sure all of you thought that was the final question, but it was not!” ‘The audience is astounded, 1am stunned. Are they introducing a new question? The air becomes thick with tension. Prem Kumar continues. ‘Not only was that not the last question, it was not a question at all, We were simply recording a commercial for Mumtaz Tea, which is one of sponsors of the show Prem Kumar speaks to the camera. ‘Ladies and gontlemet Tam now about to reveal question number twelve, for one, billion rupees, the biggest prize ever offered in the history Of the planet. And remember, itis win all or lose all. OK, without any further ado, here is the last question for you, Thomas, and this is from ... the world of western lassi music! Beethoven's piano sonata no. 29, opus 106, also known as the ‘Hammerklavier Sonata, isin which key? Is it ina) B flat major, b) G minor, ©) E flat major, or d) C minor+ Work with a partner. Discuss these questions. 1 What quiz pr nes are popular in your county? win in these programmes? Match the words and definitions. 2 What prizes can the contestan 3. Whats your opinior 1 sinistergrin say. goodbye 2 b_ without wating anymore Read the text. What is the final question that Ram 5 c-apiainaconeeee Mohammad Thomas has to answer to win one billion 55 eee rupees? Why do you think the producers choose this si Bion 5 withoutary say something very quietly furtherado. fat the moment when something Read the text again and answer the questions. 6 bid goodbye very goad or bad Is going to 1 In what way is Prem Kumar diferent when the came 7 resume happen firming and when there is a commercial break 8 aghast, 9 shocked 2 Why is Prem Kumar sure that Thomas won't know the ase astounded, fh sayorshow something that was a to the question about Mumtaz Mahal’ father? stunned secret before 3 How does Thomas know the answer 9 whisper 1 evilsmie 4 How does Prem Kurnar explain the fact thatthe last question 10 reveal forthe future not the question about Mumtaz Mahals father 5 Doyou think shat Thomas knows the answer tothe final {uestion? Why?/why ni International cultural knowledge Money quiz ay a partner and answer this quiz. SPEAKING What about you? Fou have seen tne lm Siu Boyou remember what hap 2 lfyouhaven't seen the fm, would you like to see Te Why/Wny nov Work 104 Mil fens in the end? ‘ @ 123 Listen and check. How many answers does the contestant get nner nny Pe reneiares tee ES ee ae Pe ead 7 @Listen again if necessary and answer Peas ee these questions. =e fo 1 Whatcurrency aid Ausrala use before ior Ae ee hat asthe sr inguestia ct location Car a ee Degeneres ee 7 answer 10 5is Which of these words do we use Tor the study and collection Bria = Ulead iS it bea contestant “a numismatics eo Parcs soto Ses banks, whieh te bulldog a ontans Ra Pe Lakuedasalal cc Heo) rare tas ee all 1D. The Bank of England, UK vege, wt 1 3 A Fanktu,Gormany cr os © Brussels, Belgium D Ge Units 63incur) ‘1 SPEAKING) Work with a partner. Look at the pictures. What do you think they show? 2. Read this text and check your answer to 1. One of the earliest ways of paying somebody was to give them (a) because you can use them for different things (On the Yap Islands in Micronesia they used stone could have a diameter of (b) soldiers got coins and (c! This s the origin ofthe English word (d The Greek historian Herodotus said the Lydians made the frst coins in around 600 BC. The very first coins weren't gold coins or silver coins, they were made of e) But it was in China that they sed paper notes forthe first time, This may have been because they didn't have enough f Inthe 1920s Americans started using cards to pay for g) or to buy things in department stores, Te first real credit card appeared in the USA in hi Some people think that physical money may disappear in the future because people will use their () to pay. And somebody has already designed maney to use in space. The coins come in five different sizes and colours, The coins are specially made so that they (j you when they fly around a spaceship in zero gravity disks which Roman for their work. 3 Look atthe gaps in the text. Predict what words or types of word could fill each one. When you need to listen and complete notes, always read the incomplete notes before you listen. This helps you to know what to listen for, Look carefully at the words that come just before or after each space and think about the meaning and type of word that is missing, EXAM SUCCESS > page 151 4 ustenins @1.24 You will hear a report by an expert on the history of money. For a-jin 2, complete the sentences. Write no more than two words andlor a number foreach answer, 5 What about you? hat are the two most surprising pieces of > Grammar in context EEGs ‘Modal verbs of speculation and deduction = present and future 1 Look at these sentences and complete the rules below with the verbs in bold. a One day we might stop using cash, Stone disks must be the most unusual type of money ever, ie may have a credit c We might not use metal coins That can't be the real price. This could mean the end of credit cards. rd, buthe may not. 1 Weuse and when there fa 50 pe cent possiblity that something is or will be true. The negative forms are and We cannot use the negative form when there is a0 per cent possibilty that something isnt true. 2 Weuse when we are 90 per cent certain that something is true. 3 Weuse when we are 90 per cent certain that something isnt true 4 When we are speculating and makin posite of musts sductions, “GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 68) 2. Look at these things. What do you think they may, must or can’t be? Expli — =3 Complete the sentences with must, can't, may, or might (not). 1_He's seen that film ten times. He love it 2 I's unusual that Beth hasn't come to school yet. She bbe well, or pethaps her bus i just late. 3° That be Jack's wallet because his s brown and this one’s black 4 {90 to the party tomorrow but Im not sure. | hope my parents let me, 5 She have a lot of money because she spends a fortune on clothes, 6 He play the guitar very well because nobody wants to listen to him, 7 be hard to become a millionaire because not many people manage it 8 My parents lend me some money or they I don't really know because 've never asked them before, CE Modal verbs of speculation and deduction — past 4 Lookat these sentences and complete the rules below with the verbs in bold. Itmust have been dificult cary the big stone dks Itcan’t have been easy for thieves to steal them. They may/might/could have used salt as money because you could use it anywhere, They mightn’t/may not have had enough metal make coins. 1 Weuse ‘ and ‘when there is a 50 per cent possibility that something was true. The negative forms are and ‘We cannot use in the negative form with this, meaning. 2 Weuse when we are 90 per cent certain that something was true, 3 Weuse. ‘when we are 90 per cent certain that something wasn't true. GRAMMAR REFERENCE page 68 ) 5 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1's only lunchtime and you look terible, You must have a bad morning, 2. Somebody's unlocked the door. it must have been Mike because he hasn't got akey. 3 I think Josh might sent me an email last night, 4, Emma hasn't replied to my email, She mightn't has received it 5 William isn't here. He must have went already. 6 Let'snot buy her that DYD. m not sure but think she might buy italready, 7 You can't be read that book already! I's 600 pages long and you only started yesterday! 8 It mustn't have rained lastnight because al the streets are dry 6 Complete the text with past modal verbs of speculation and the verbs given. ‘omething very mysterious happened in Tokyo in )2007. For a few weeks many civil servants who ‘went to the toilet found a 10,000 yen note waiting for them. Nobody knows who left the notes but it @ (be) the same person because they left hand-written messages with the notes and the writing was always the same. They are quite sure that a woman (b} (leave) the notes because they always appeared in the men’s toilet. More than 425 people found notes, so the man | © {have) a lot of money. He always left the message ‘Please be happy’ with the money. This suggests that the man (d) (oe) happy himself, but, of course, we can’t be sure, Again, nobody can be sure, but other people think that the man (e) (work) as a civil servant himself once and he gave the money away to make other civil servants happy. One thing is clear: he f) (move) quickly because in one ‘morning he left eighteen 10,000 yen notes in eighteen different toilets in Tokyo. The man’s handwriting. wwas getting worse and worse and so people think he Qn ne (have) a terminal illness. That probably explains why he was giving away all his money, Unfortunately, the man (h) ae (die) because the notes suddenly stopped appearing. 7a SPEAKING Work in pairs. Look at these situations and write at least two sentences with must have, might have and can’t have to explain them. 1. Myuncle didn't use ta be rich but now he's a millionaire. 2. Susan always passes her exams but last week she falled an exam, 3. Ben can usually go out with his friends at the weekend but last weekend his parents did't let him. 4 Justin isa very careful driver but yesterday he had an accident, 5. Gemma usually beats everybody at tennis but last weekend she lost. 6 Jamie loves watching football matches but he was really angry the last time he saw a match, 7. Sarah used to be really unhealthy but now she's really fit 8 The last time I saw my cousin she couldn't speak word of English but now she's really fluent, 7b Compare your ideas with the rest of the class.1 SPEAKING Work with a partner. Look at the photos. Write down similarities and differences between the two photos. Differences Similarities 2 Listenin @ 125 Read the task below. Listen toa student doing this task and answer the questions. Compare the photographs and tell us how you feel when you go shopping in these places. 1. Does the student mention any of your ideas? 2. Does she describe each photo in detail? 3 Does she do both parts of the task? When you have to talk about two photos, you shouldn't describe each photo in great detail. Compare and contrast the two photos. Listen very carefully to the examiner's instructions. Your marks will depend on completing the whole task, so if you only complete the first part (in this case, comparing the photos), you will lose marks EXAM SUCCESS > page 151 3 @ Complete what the student said using phrases from the Speaking Bank. Listen again if necessary. a) people shopping. ( there isa family and they're shopping in a big, modern supermarket, () In the second photograph there is a mother and daughter and they’te shopping in a small market. d) the people are buying things, but people in the supermarket don’t very happy or relaxed. | think they might be arguing or something. But the two people in the market must be having a good time because I can see them smiling, (f i that the food in the supermarket can't be very good or the food in the market looks natural, (Q) healthier. refer shopping in supermarkets because you can buy more things ina supermarket. | think i's more convenient things there because you can get everything you wantin hh 2a supermarket, shopping onal market is much slower and you cant pick things u have to ask fr everything from the person Useful expressions to compare and contrast photos + Both photographs show. + Inboth pictures, + Inthe fist/second photograph, + One big difference between the photos is that + Another important difference + Compared with ‘+ whereas/while (eg, The first photograph shows a supermarket whereas/while the second shows a market) + bigger/more important/(nat) as. as/less. than 4 SPEAKING: Work with a partner. Take it in turns to do the taskin2. Practice makes perfect 5a SPEAKING Work with a partner. Look at the photos and, think about similarities and differences between them. Sb Take it in turns to do this task. Compare the photographs and say what you think are important factors when buying a house.veloping writing A formal lette Look at these instructions about how to use a cashpoint to withdraw money. Number the steps in the correct order. a Selecta language. b Select cash and select or enter the amount to withdraw. © When you approach the cashpoint, check that there Is nobody suspicious around. d_ Choose whether you want a receipt and select yes or na Don't wait more than 30 seconds to take your card out of the ‘machine or it wil swallow the card so that nobody can steal f Insert your card into the machine. 4g Enter your PIN (Personal Identification Number) and press enter 1h Wait while the machine processes your transaction, When the ‘machine bleeps, take your card and money (and receiptif you asked for one), 2 SPEAKING Work with a partner. Can you remember the different steps without reading them? Use should, ought to, etc, to explain what to do. 3. Read this letter and answer the questions. 1 Whyisthe person wiiting? 2 What solution does he want? 3 What will he doifthere iso solution? DearSiror Madam, | 1 am writing to complain abou an incident that took place last ‘week at your cashpoint on Anderson Street Te incident has lft me without my debit card and has caused me a great deal of 2 Onthe evening of Sunday 21" December inserted my debit card into your bank’scashpoint in order to withdraw £40 selected the amount that | wished to withdraw but the machine immediately told} ‘me that thad retained my card tied to cancel te transaction but | the machine had aeady swellawed my cad 2 contacted my bank the nextday and they informed me that they could see no reason why the machine had swallowed the card as there was sufficient money in my account. They then informed me that they had to cance my card and send me anotherane.Thiswill | take between seven and ten days. | 4 Lam very disappointed withthe treatment have received ftom your | | | bank I nowhave no easy acess to cash, through no fault of my ‘own. I demand an apology and lexpect you to send my new card Urgently I would also lke assurance that you will charge meno bank. fees for issuing me with a new card If do not hear from you in the ‘ext fourteen days | shal be forced to consider maving my current account to another bank. ook forward to hearing from you very soon. Yous faithfully Jonathon Squire 4 Find the formal equivalents of these words and ‘expressions in the letter. 1 something happened (Paragraph 1) aan incident took place 2. madealiot of trouble for me (Paragraph 1) 3 take out (Paragraph 2) 4 chose (Paragraph 2) 5 wanted (Paragraph 2) 6 kept (Paragraph 2) 7 called Paragraph 3) 8 enough (Paragraph 3) 9 told (Paragraph 3) 10. I want you to say youte sorry (Paragraph 4) 11m going to have to (Paragraph 4) 5 Read the information in the Writing Bank and find ‘examples of the characteristics in the letter in 3. Writing Bank Characteristics of formal letters + tfwe don't know the name of the person we are writing to, we begin DearS or Madam. We finish Yours faithful. ‘+f weknow the name of the person we are writing to, we begin Dear Mi/Mrs/Ms and the surname. We finish Yours sincerely, + Wedo not use contractions. + We use longer, more formal words and expressions. ‘+ Wedo not to use many phrasal verbs. + We write complete sentences. + Wedo not usually use abbreviations. + We use formulaic expressions to begin and end the letter. When you write, always make 3 plan. ithelps you to decide exactly what you are going to say and what order you are {going to say it n before you begin. This makes your text much more coherent. STUDY SKILLS > page 147 6 Work with a partner. Look at this task. Write notes. You can. add your own details. Last week you were at a train station. In the station there was a vending machine selling books. You wanted a book to read on the train so you put money in but it didn’t give you the book or any change. Write a letter of complaint to the company that is responsible forthe vending machine and demand a solution, Plan Paragraph 1: Why are you writing? Paragraphs 2 and 3: What happened? What are the | facts? | Paragraph 4: What solution do you demand? What will you do if there is no solution? Practice makes perfect 7 Write your letter individually. Use your notes and the information in the Writing Bank.Language reference and revision Ler re Ao MK CUR ULSS Modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and advice — present Use + We use have to to talk about things which are obligatory oF + Weuse don’t need to or needn't to talk about things which necessary It often describes obligations imposed on us by other, are not obligatory or necessary. With needn't we do not use to people and authorities before the infinitive + Weuse don’t have to to talk about things which are not + Weuse can’t to refuse permission. obligatory or necessary. + Weuse should, shouldn't, ought to, had (‘) better to + We use must to talk about rules, regulations and obligations. It ‘lve and ask for advice and recommendations. Had better is, ‘often describes obligations that come internally, from ourselves, ‘especially for when we think we should do something because + Weuse mustn't to tak about prohibitions. i's a good idea, Ought to and had (‘d) better are sighty less + Weuse need to to talk about things which are obligatory or ‘common in negative and question fors. necessary. Modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and advice — past Use ‘+ We use had to to talk about things which were obligatory or necessary + Weuse didn't have to to talk about things which were not obligatory or necessary. ‘+ Weuse needed to to tak about things which were obligatory or necessary. ‘= Weuse didn’t need to to tak about things which were not obligatory or necessary, and so we didn't do them. ‘+ Weuse needn't have + past participle to talk about things that were not obligatory or necessary but we did them. ‘+ We use wasn’t/weren’t allowed to to talk about past prohibitions. ‘+ We use couldn't to talk about things that were prohibited or not possible. \We use should/ought to have, shouldn't have + past participle to ciiticise past actions orto say that they were a mistake, Modal verbs of speculation and deduction - present and future Use + Weuse must when we are 90 per cent certain that something is true, + Weuse may, might, could, may ngt, mightn’t when there isa 50 per cent possibilty that something is true (or not + We use can't when we are 90 per cent certain that something isnot true. Modal verbs of speculation and deduction — past Use + We use must have + past participle when we are 90 per cent certain that something was tue, + Weuse may have, might have, could have, may not have, mightn't have + past participle when there is a50 per cent, possbiity that something was true (or not) + Weuse can’t have + past participle when we are 90 per cent certain that something was not true erect ry Buying and selling 2 Money and banking Phrasal verbs connected with money fol beeper binkchepeatée pil cebpone and buying h change credit/debit current account cometo cutback giveaway payback unt receipt getintodebt interest pickup sellout saveup —_splashout fund sale lend money/aive somebody aloan value for money overdraft savings account Other words and phrases > page 139 withdraw money[Ae Tceture lace te Modal verbs of obligation, prohibition Modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and advice — and advice — present past and present Choose the correct alternative. In two 2 Write sentences with the correct form of the modal verbs and verbs sentences, both alternatives are correct. given. You needin'lgn'tnged come to dass tornorrow. Yesterday |... tall) to the bank manager. HAVE TO take your own food | ooo vorty) about the exam because it was easy, NEED) into a restaurant. Usually students... (write) their exam answers in red because teachers use Usually at university you musta‘ o.goto red pens to corect. MUST classes all day |... (fead) the instructions, but | didnt and | got the whole exercise wrong, Youtd betternot/shoulde't hand in your work late OUGHT TO I'msony.t You mustn'varenttallows Should/Qught we leave at six o'clock? (lie) to you. It was wrong, SHOULD You dont have ta/mustnt leave your bags she unattended at an airport. We 76 points Modal verbs of speculation and deduction 3. Match the pairs of sentences. 1 He looks exhausted. 2. Somebody's knocking at the door. 3 Hislips are blue and he’s shivering, 4. Somebody's taken my red pen. 5 6 7 WORKBOOK > page 40 (My friend climbed a mountain that’s 5,000 metres high. | don't know when the final of the Champions League i. Mike hasnt replied to my email > Vocabulary revis' Buying and selling words are being defined? There are three extra afford receipt bargain cash refund sale change — discount valueformoney waste Money that you get back when you return something you have paid for ‘A document that you get flom someone showing that you have alven them money. ‘The money that someone gives back to you when you pay more than something actually costs. Something you buy that costs much less than normal An event or period of time during which a shop reduces the price of some of the things it sells. Something that is of very good quality but relatively inexpensive. Have enough money to buy something, WORKBOOK > page 38 (get) up early this morning so she stayed in bed. NEED (write) the essay this week, we can do it next week, HAVETO WORKBOOK > page 40 a He must be really cold. He rnust haverun all the way here, © _Itcan't be the postman because he's already been. d_Itmay be next week @ Thatcan't have been easy! f He may not have received it gItmight have been Jack because | saw him using one eatiex WORKBOOK » page 43 Money and banking ‘Match the words or parts of a word. current point with loan over bill sh debt ive somebody draft get into drew paya account Phrasal verbs connected with money and shopping 3 Rewrite the sentences without the phrasal verb. Use another verb or phrase witha similar meaning. 1_Last week we splashed out on a meal na famous restaurant. 2 That newspaper is giving away DVDs this week 3 People ae cutting back on holidays abroad this yea 4 The bill comes to £24 5 6 WORKBOOK > page 38 | couldnt get you that new football shirt because they'd sold out. | need to pick up something for dinner tonight, WORKBOOK > page 41Grammar > Conditionals” Unless/in case/25 ORE aapaNeed > FwishAonly Vocabulary +The body »Health » Idioms connected with health Speaking + Negotiating and collaborating riting A for-and-against essay (om cle IS SPEAKING As a class, take it in turns to say a part of the body. If you repeat a word, say an incorrect. word or can’t think of a word, you are out. Work with a partner. Look at the words in the box. and check that you know where and what they are. ankle bone chest. chin heart heel hip kidney liver lungs skin thigh | throat tongue —veinsandarteries wrist ‘SPEAKING Work with a partner. Take itin turns to give brief descriptions of the people in the pictures, Read the texts and match each one to the correct picture. ‘A | think that generally have quite a healthy lifestyle. take regular exercise, | work out in 2 gym three or four times @ week. | aso have a diet, including ftesh fruit and vegetables. {goto the doctor’ fora p every sik months and I take my blood pressure regularly tao. The only problem | have is that to pollen, but | have a special injection from time to time and it relieves al the symptoms. B Last year the doctor told me ta stop eating so much fatty food and ocessed food that’s high in salt and sugar. | was ( 8 lot of weight and the doctor said | was in danger of becoming obe My diet was increasing the risk of heart disease. To be honest, think | was becoming (d to junk food because | was eating it all the time, but| was able to stop and now''m back to my ideal weight Last week' picked up some sort of throat | had a temperature and felt dizzy all the time, | couldn't stop, ether. My doctor treated me for the liness, He wrote me a ‘which | tookto the chemists. As soon as | started aking the medicine, | got over theiliness. D_ Last month fell down the stairs and injured myself quite badly ed my ankle, sprained my wrist and (9 bulder, The only good news was that | didn't fracture or sand | didn't need an operation or anything, But {as you can imagine. Complete the texts with these words. addicted allergic balanced dislocated infection painful prescription putting on uisrenne @®2.01 Listen and check your answers. Then look again atthe words i bold and check you understand what they mean. Use a dictionary ifnecessary. SPEAKING Work with a partner and ask and answer the questions. Give reasons. 1. Do you take regular exercise or work out in a ym? Do you have a balanced diet or do you eat a lot ofunk or processed food? ‘Are you allergic to anything? Have you ever taken your blood pressure? Have you ever injured yourself playing sport? Have you ever twisted, sprained or dislocated ‘a partof your body? Are you afraid of injections? 8 Doyou feel dizzy when you see blood?SPEAKING: Work with a partner. Discuss these questions. Do you think these habits are good or bad for your health? Why? eating breakfast walking ina park playing computer games Before you read, have a quick think about what you know about the subject. This can help you to understand more when you actually ead the text STUDY SKILLS + page 147 2 Read the texts. Do they say the activities in 1 are healthy or not? video games that contain a high level of action can actually improve your sight. Researchers at the University of Rochester have shown that people who played action video ‘games for a few hours a day over the course of a month '5 Improved by about 20 per cent in their ability to do a visual test where they had to identify letters that were difficult to read, After just thirty hours, players could see letters and figures like those on an eye chart more clearly. Action {games push the human visual system to the limits and the to brain adapts to it. But it only works if there isa lot of fast action, when the eye has to quickly spot things happening in all parts of the screen, not just the centre. Living near parks or y take more exercise, your ‘woodlands can improve 29 heart gets stronger. The people's health and stop researchers confirmed that the negative effects of for people living near green s poverty and bad inner-city areas, there were fewer conditions. Richard Mitchell cases of heart disease. anda team from Glasgow 5 There is also evidence that University found that in just living close to a park the greenest parts of the ‘or woodland can reduce 10 country, the difference in blood pressure and stress health between rich and poor levels and may even help people was much smaller 30 you to get over operations than in the least green parts faster. If we had more green of the country. One reason _spaces, it wouldn't just make 1s for this is that living close neighbourhoods pretty. It toa green space encour: would make a real difference people to take more exercise 3s to people's health, and keep in shape. If you Eating breakfast may be the key to keeping sar study of almost 7,000 put on the least more food overall 5 in the mornings, but, sight. Big breakfasts eight as long as you is like bacon, sausages 10 of cakes with lots of sugar. One reason that big breakfasts help to control your weight is that if you eat a big breakfast, you will Feel full and this should stop you from eating unhealthy snacks before lunch. 3. Read the texts again, Are these statements true (T), false (F) oris the information not given (NG)? When the answer is true or false, write the number of the text and the line(s) where you found the answer. 1 Toimprove your sight, a computer game has to make your eyes move around. 2. Parks contribute to creating more social equality. /F/NG 3 The bigger the breakfast you eat, the more weight you will lose 4 The quality of your breakfast is important, not just the quantity 5. Game addiction stats to become dangerous when someone plays for days without a break 6 Experts say we must avoid cereals and bread at TF breakfast time. 7 Midday isnot a bad time for hay feversufferersto gout 8 Sofa, doctors have not produced anything that 7 can relieve the symptoms of hayfever. 4 Work out the meaning of the underlined words in the texts by looking at the context. Use a dictionary to check your answers. 5 SPEAKING What about you? Which information from the texts could make the biggest difference to you and your habits? Why? ‘Some people are calling the computer game World of Waroraft the World's deauliest game after a Swedish teenager neary died after, ‘apparently playing for 24 hours without a break, Doctors said that the fifteen-year-old boy had suffered ‘and blacked out 25 5 a result of sleep deprivation, lack of food and trying to concentrate for too long. The phe ‘game addiction’ is associated particularly with MMORPGs — massively multi-player online role-playing ‘games. Word of Warcraftis one of the most popular examples ofthis {ype af game, with more than 11 milion people worldwide playing it +0 Psychiatrists only partly understand how the addiction to games affects ‘people, The Swedish teenagers father is trying to draw attention to the risks of the game in case the same thing happens to others. Unless you choose your breakfast carefully, youll probably find that you have consumed half your recommended daily intake of salt before the day has really begun, Most organizations recommend ‘consuming no more than 6g of salt day. Ifyou have full English » breakfast (sausages, bacon, fried egg, toast with butter), youll pass the 69 limit immediately. But even e big bow! of breakfast Cereal can be much worse than you think. 100g of some of today's cereels can contain almost 2g of salt, as well as 409 of sugar. Processed white bread can also contain surprisingly iarge 10 amounts of salt. Consuming lerge emaunts of salt is dengerous because it increases blood pressure and the risk of @ heart attack. ‘A researcher has claimed hat half the oe 0 pegs Hay ist a ae pee: ‘10am or 44 = =a ith medicalCITES Zero, first and second conditionals ‘Ta Lookat the sentences. Which type of conditional does each one use? a Ifyou take more exercise, your heart gets stronger. b If we had more green spaces, it would make a real difference to people's health, ¢_ Ifyou eata big breakfast this morning, you'll feel ful. ‘Tb Read the rules. Which type of conditional does each rule apply to? 1. It describes an improbable or imaginary situation in the present or future and its consequence. 2. Itdescribes a possible stuation in the present or future and its consequence. 3 Itdescribes something that is generally true 4 Weuse the present simple in the half ofthe sentence ‘with i and will/won't + infinitive in the other half 5. We use the present simple in both halves of the sentence. 6 We use the past simple in the half of the sentence ‘with f, and would/wouldn’t + infinitive in the other half (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 80 2 Complete each sentence to make a general statement using the zero conditional 1 Ifyou drink too much coffee, 2 Hyounever do any exercise, 3. you only sleep three or four hours a night, rs Ifyou eat alot of junk food, Ifyou sit infront ofa computer al day, Ifyou sit in the sun all day without skin protection, Ifyou have a temperature, if you eat food that’s high in salt, ° 3. Decide if the sentences are correct. Rewrite the incorrect sentences. 1. fam the prime minister, | would ban junk food, 2 Welllgo to the concert ifthe tickets weren't too expensive. 3° wouldn't do that if! were you. 4 What would you do ift rains all day tomorrow? 5 {Fl had a milion pounds, I travelled around the worl. 6 Ifyou mix blue and yellow, you would get green. 7 Ifyou don't drink any liquids for a long period, you die 8 What will you do if you lost the match? Unit 6 Complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs given. 1 Which country. YOU (lve) in you could choose any country in the world? 2. Ifyou passall your exams this year, HOW a asa you (celebrate)? 3 Ifyou (have) the powers ofa superhero, ‘what powers would you like to have? 4 Ifyou (Go) out this weekend, where wil you go? 5 Ifyou were a journalist and could meet any famous person for an interview, who you (meet) and why? 6 Ifyou could choose a special meal to celebrate an important ‘occasion, what you. (eat? ‘Sa SPEAKING Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions in 4. 5b Tell the class something interesting you discovered about your partner. PR Unless, as long as, provided/providing (that), in case 6 Look at the sentences and match the words in bold with the words and expressions 1-3. Big breakfasts will help you to lose weight as tong as you don't eat fatty foods Unless you choose your breakfast carefully, youtl probably find that you have consumed too much sak. © Going out fora walk will do you good, provided providing that you aren't alleraic to pollen, d_ | won't have that cereal for breakfast in case it’s too salty 1. if. not, except 2 ifonyit = 3 because maybe: - (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 60 ) Choose the correct alternative. 1. You can't use this swimming pool as/ona.as/unless you're a member of the sports club. 2. Don't forget to take a snack in case/broviding t hungry. 3. Shell eat anything slong asdunless i's fresh and healthy, 4 | wouldn't speak to him provided thatduniesshe sad he was sory 5 Hell work this weekend as ong as/unless they pay him a bonus. 6 Youcan play that game all morning in.case/providing you study in the afternoon, 7. Mil give you a key as fong asin case there's no one at homme when you get back 8 Idon't care about money as ong.as/unless Im ft and healthy. tyoutein exercises where you have to rewrite sentences with the same meaning, do not add cor change any wards unnecessarily, They may change the meaning of the sentence or make you write too many words. EXAM SUCCESS » page 151 Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use between two and five words. 1 Ifyou don't want tolose weight, don't go on a det. UNLESS Don't go on a diet weight 2. Bring something to eat and you can come to the party. PROVIDED You can come to the party. something to eat. 3. want tobe a professional basketball player but 'm not tall enough. iF | would play basketball professionally enough, 4 Itsobvious switch iton. IF It’s obvious that iron, it won't work, jt it wont work unless you 5 {only come if you promise to help me. LONG Mi come tohelpme. 6 | wouldnt say it if didn't mean it UNLESS | wouldn't say it 7 mnotyou, but | think you should go. WOULD Il you, 8 Takean umbrella because it might ran, CASE Take an umbrella rains. Complete these sentencesin a logical way. 1 You should always make a copy of your computer files in case 2. She always does her homework on time 3. She'll go out with her friends this week providing Hl make the dinner tonight as long as Don't make ary noise in case Youcan get into that club provided that | can go.on holiday with my friends this year as. long as I can't do my homework unless Nous Match the idioms in bold with the explanations a-h. 1 Phil has gota cold and he's feeling abit unde 2. There'san infection going round the school. The students are dropping like flies 3. | workoutin the gym to keep ins 4 AvAreyou sue youte OX? B: es, mas right asr 5) Shes really dizzy think he's going to black out 6 Itsonlya cold. Youll soon t 8 7 You look erible, You look keyou'e 8 | eatrealy heathy and fel as it asa fiddle lose consciousness keep fit,in good physical condition fallillin large numbers very weak or about to die _inexcelient physical condition F recoverafteran illness 9 not very well hveryhealthy Correct the mistakes in these sentences. vas tired but, after having a shower | now feel as weather. 2. Everybody is catching colds at the moment, People are dogs. 3. Once you take this medicine you'll be back on ‘My neighbour is fifty but he keep: kllometies every morning, 5 Qurdag is realy old. The poor thing is st feet. 6 don‘ feel wel.| think Im going to 7 She's recovered from her illness and 8 Are you feeling OK? You look: SPEAKING Draw a cartoon to represent one of the idioms. Can your partner guess the idiom?7 L Be srextn Workin grups WHeEde an MG ni tehoots cord Cross-curricular — Science/Nutrition/PE | do to help students to eat more healthy food? Make a list of Nutrition for teenagers your ideas. Stop serving junk food at lunchtime SPEAKING Wanker a. Discuss these questions, 4 Read the text opposite to see what official steps have been F Which food or foods usually cain alot of taken in British schools to improve the food eaten there. agi? b sug c fa? d fibre? Tick the ideas in your list which appearin the text. e caldum? iron? © g_vitaminc? ~ : 2 What doyou thinkthese things are? Do you think they are I j good orlbad for you? ; a addedsugars > b saturated fat : cligish geied heared 1 coi 2 rota ae 93! bo you thinkyouhave’s heathy varied die Give reasons 5 eS het ee 4 Doyou think teenagers in genealin your countryhave a tops that sel healthyidiet? Give reasons sareea making sme 5 Do you think teenagers eatt60 much ortoo litle food that | ee 5 takeaways d_serousandlasting foralong time fa se §-—DByou havelunch at schoo do you takes packed lunch, do 6 standards and = eo Sg aa Fe frie HB G6 cat ost requirements minimum evels of quality and 7. Bayou think'your lunch is generally healthy? Give reasons: FREE ole te 8 reducing 4_amounts of food that you 26/Read this text about British teenagersand nutrition. restctng, mi limiting problems when there nt enoug = Complete the table with information you find in the text, ; hing that your t Short-term benefits of Long-term benefits of healthy eating healthy eating 5 What about you? Do you think eating wellls a question of individual choice or should governments and schools try to control whiat you eat Why? BM British teenagers eattoo | British teenagers eat too much/many .. little/few me ee ‘Adolescents need a healthy, varied diet, incorporating all the major food groups. In the short term, this will help with general appearance (e.g., shiny hair and healthy skin) as well as energy levels, while in the long term, it will help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and osteoporosis. ‘The National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people (aged 11 to 18 years) was published in 2000. This survey highlighted a number of areas of concern: * Both boys and girls exceeded the recommendation intake level compared to boys. Intakes below the that only 11 per cent of food energy should come recommended level are likely to be inadequate and from added sugars, consuming on average about 16 may lead to nutrient deficiencies. per cent of energy from them. + Low intakes of vitamin A, riboflavin and magnesium, + Average intakes of fat were close to the suggested are also worrying in some adolescents. level of 35 per cent of food energy. But average Excluding salt added during cooking and at the intakes of saturated fats were at 14 per cent of table, daily sodium intakes from food sources were dietary energy, higher than the recommendation of already higher than the recommended level. The 11 per cent, actual levels, together with salt added during cooking s Intake of dietary fibre was below the recommended _and at the table, are likely to far exceed the current level recommendation. Persistently high levels of salt in the diet can contribute to high blood pressure, which is a + Some adolescents had low intakes of some nutrients, risk factor for heart disease in later life Such as caleium and iron, with more girls having, vitamin and mineral intakes below the recommended,ool meals and packed lunches School meals and packed Inches can make an = important contribution to the energy and nutrient intake of teenagers. They tend to be the best option [ai when compared with the quality of food bought art from other sources such as cafés and takeaways, = In 2007, the Nutritional Standards and Requirements for School Food Regulations me started to be used in England. These regulations include all the final food-based and nutrient-based standards for school lunches, which became law in September 2009 for secondary schools. Also, a governmental body, the School Food Trusi, was set § = \ tohelp transform school food and food skills, and to offer practical suppor From September 2007 onwards, regulations for also put into practice. This included banning the i i fale of cocolate, sweets andy, and ene Cross-curricular — Science/Popular culture he availability of free fresh drinking water and A healthy recipe from a teen chet fruit and vegetables, iain when he ve jt fourteen hac ready writen four cookbeoks before the age dents ooking Too 6 stews @ 2.02 Lookat the ingredient fora recipe for egg fied rice. Listen to the recipe and write down the quantities you need of each ingredient Ingredients ng-arain ri eags water tspsalt peas tspoil 7 Label the pictures with these words. boil fry heat beat stir 8 @ Listen again and take notes for how to prepare the dish. When you finish, compare notes with a partner. Then tell the class how you think you make the dish. 9 SPEAKING What about you? 1 Could you or would you make thi 2. Would. cookbook w teenager be popular in your country 3 Who usually does the cooking in you 10 Work in groups. Plan a meal (main course and dessert) to help to give you brainpower during the exam period and to give you physical strength to doa competitive sports event like a race. + Doresearch to find out the best foods for each dish, and also the best way to prepare cjpes tothe class, and Senet, + Decide how to p‘1 SPEAKING Work with a partner. Look at these sports. Have you ever tried them? If not, would you like to? Why?/Why not? 2 ustewine @2.03 You will hear five different people talking about a sport they practise. Which sport does each person do? 3 @ Listen again. choose from the list what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. ‘A. Youhavetolearn theory and practise before you can do ths sport. BI want to get better at my favourite sport so that Ian win matches. © Icouldr't start my favourite sport when | was younger. 1D To domy favourite sport well| should have started earlier E My favourite sport is more tring than it looks. F In the past! took my favourite sport too seriously Speaker 2: Speaker 3 Speaker 5 | Meier oor Cr Third conditional 1 Lookat these sentences and answer the questions. a. fl'd lived closer to the sea, | would have begun surfing much earlier fl hadn't passed my exams, they wouldn't have let medo 1 How clo we make third conditional sentence: 2 Dowe use the third conditional for imaginary situations in the present or the past? GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 80 2 Complete the sentences about these past situations using the third conditional. 1 fVknow how to play tennis p myself last week fl 2. She/not catch a operly/V/not injure old/if/she/not go running in the rain 3. The stadium/be full/fthe match/be important. } The stadium ! 4 Shefwin the race/it/she/not twist her ankle. She 5 lfweldrink water before the race/we/not be so thirsty ic 6 ffthe sun/shine/wer' if wim in the sea, 7. f/he/need extra vitamins/he/take them, 8 My dad/not keep fiv/if/not enjoy doing sport Een Mixed conditional 3 Lookat these sentences and answer the questions. IFihad started tos im when | was younger, would be a much better swimmer now. b_IFldidn’t like Piates, | would have stopped along time ago, 1. Are mixed conditional a mixture of fist and second conditionals, or second and third conditionals? Vhich sentence describes an imaginary past situation and its present consequence? Vhich sentence describes an Imaginary present situation and its past consequence? GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 804 Which sentence endings are possible? There may be more than one possible answer. How is the meaning of each sentence different? 1 I would have gone to see the concert if like opera I liked opera © Shad liked the opera 2. She would be il now if ‘a she doesn't take the medicine b she didn't take the medicine. ¢ she hadn't taken the medicine 3. fd practised ten hours a day a lama great tennis player. b_ | would bea great tennis player. ¢ |would have been a great tennis player, 4 Hfpenicllin didn't exist a many people will die bb many people would die, ¢ many people would have died. 5) |wouldn't be happy if a. youlle tome. b youlied tome, © youhad lied to me. . 5. Lookattthe situations and complete the sentences using mixed conditionals. 1. Becky loves gymnastics so she joined a cub, If Becky didn't love gymnastics, 2 Alice spentlots of time studying and now she's adoctor. I Alice 3 Theirnew fim i great because they spent years making I iFthey 4 They don't know where the key is That’ why they haventt opened the oar they 5 They didnt speak tothe famous actor because they can't speak Engish. IFthey 6 thaven't got anything for you to eat because | didn't know you were coming, in ‘ 7am has got a new mobile phone because he lost his old one liar 8 8 limdoing my homework now because | didnt remember to doit yesterday. tl 0) SET | wish/f only 6 Lookat these sentences and answer the questions. a. | wish/fonly ’d learnt to swim properly when | wasa kid. | wish/f only was taller. cI wishviFonly people wouldn't make fun of my favourite sport. 1. What tense appears after /wistvifonly in sentence a? 2 Does this sentence tak about a present or past situation that we would like to be different? What tense appears after! wishfonly in sentence b? Does this sentence tak about an imaginary wish for a present or past situation? 5) What verb form appears after !wish/fonlyin sentence c? 6 Dowe use sentence cto tal about habitual behaviour that we lke or we want to ctitize and change? aw (GRAMMAR REFERENCE > page 80 ) Decide if the sentences are correct. Rewrite the incorrect sentences. wish 'm on a beach right now. | wish you didn't interrupt me when I'm talking. IFonly [studied more lat night. | wish you would arrived on time. You're always late, IFonly fd won that competition last week | wish today was a holiday ifonly Ican pass my exams without studying wish you'd tell me the truth, Write three true sentences with / wish. Write one about a present situation that you would like to be different, one about a past situation, and one about somebody who does something that you would like to change. a b wish © Iwish wish SPEAKING Compare your sentences in small groups. Ask follow-up questions to find out more information.> Developing speaking Negotiating and collaborating 1. SPEAKING Look at the pictures. What do they show? SPEAKING Work with a partner. Practise doing the task in 2 giving your own opinions. 2 usrenne: @ 2.04 Look tthe instructions for this 5 speaking task. Then listen to two people doing the task. ‘Wt sports do they choose in the end and why? Do you agree with their decision? When your mind goes blank in a conversation and you can't Look at these different sports. You have a friend of your age who wants to find a sport that can help him/ hher keep in shape. First, say what you think about the think of what ro say use filers ta give yourself time to decide what you are going to say next. Use Err, The thing is, Wel, You krow...1'S also useful to use the questions: Whar? Who? Where? Why? When?, etc to think of basic things to say. different sports. Then decide which two sports you think would be best for your friend to try. STUDY SKILLS + page 147 3 @ Listen again and answer these questions. 1 Dothe two students talk about all of the sports? 2 Do they do both parts of the task? Do they listen to each other and respond to each other's comments? Do they ask each other's opinions? Do they always agree? Do they come to.a decision at the end of the conversation? Do they both speak the same amount, more or less? Practice makes perfect Nous 4 Look at the expressions in the Speaking Bank. What are the 4s three different categories? Write titles. Soars Useful expressions to negotiate and collaborate What do you think? What do you think about (unningl? Whar about you? What about (gyrnnastis) So what shall we recommend)? Why dont we choose (basketball? = = | Do you agree? Don't you think s0? dS gee + Yes lagree. + tsee what you mean, 6 SPEAKING. Work with a partner and do ths task. Remember + Yes you're ight oo to use expressions from the Speaking Bank. + Ithink youre right. + Sure. z hea a 220 ‘Teenagers sometimes suffer from stress. Here are L ae some different ways to beat stress, First, talk t0 each Se s other about how these different activities can help to Sete ar beat stress. Then decide which two are the best ways + suppose so, but + Lagiee upto point, but to beat stress. = Imnotsure. zi