Peter Bui (16653)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESIGN SITUATION .................................................................. 1
DESIGN BRIEF ......................................................................... 1

INITIAL CONCEPTS .................................................................. 2 11

CONCEPT ONE ....................................................................... 2 - 4
-PRELIMINARY SKETCHES .................................................. 2
-CONCEPT PRODUCTION .................................................... 3
-FEATURE EVALUATION ...................................................... 3 4
CONCEPT TWO ....................................................................... 5 8
-PRELIMINARY SKETCHES .................................................. 5
-CONCEPT PRODUCTION .................................................... 6
-FEATURE EVALUATION ...................................................... 6 8
CONCEPT THREE .................................................................... 8 11
-PRELIMINARY SKETCHES .................................................. 8
-CONCEPT PRODUCTION .................................................... 9
-FEATURE EVALUATION ...................................................... 9 11
CONCEPT SELECTION ............................................................. 12
RESEARCH ............................................................................. 13 20
-SYSTEM OF TRANSPORTATION .......................................... 13 14
-CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS ................................................. 15
-DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES ............................................. 16
-EFFECTS ON SOCIETY....................................................... 17 18
-EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ....................................... 18 19
-MODERN DAY DESIGNS .................................................... 20
INITIAL IDEAS ......................................................................... 21
PLANNING .............................................................................. 22 26

Peter Bui (16653)

-CHANGE OF DESIGN ......................................................... 23

-LAYOUT DRAWING ............................................................ 23
-DIMENSIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING .......................... 24
-CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW DRAWING .................................. 24
-MATERIALS LIST ............................................................... 25
-FUNCTION LIST ................................................................. 26
PRODUCTION PROCESS .......................................................... 27 31
-3D AUTOCAD .................................................................. 27 28
-3D SCALING ..................................................................... 29
-3D PRINTING .................................................................... 30 31
TASK EVALUATION ................................................................. 32
GANTT CHART........................................................................ 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................... 34 36

PETER BUI (16653)

DESIGN SITUATION
In our modern society, there are significant advancements that positively
contribute towards our everyday lifestyle. For example, the introduction of
innovative touch phones to even the entertaining formats of YouTube and
Netflix. But for me, one criteria that has the most potential and influence is the
format of transport. As of today, transport is a noteworthy layout of efficiently
for us humans, enabling deliveries of both people and stock. Transport can also
range within various categories of off-road, aviation, cable, road, etc. But one
field I think that has the greatest significance is the field of rail transportation.
Consisting of trains, trams and monorails, rail transportation is important to the
development of our society due to their momentous task of transporting stocks,
people and items to both short and long distances. But with rail transport, the
release of toxins is high, while construction of these vehicles can cause
environmental issues. To minimise or even solve this issue, vehicle design in
terms of the environment and sustainability can be considered.

DESIGN BRIEF
For this assessment task, a sustainable and environmentally friendly design would
be incorporated into a chosen form of transportation. Knowing that the format
of rail was ideal, this became my chosen field. Throughout this task there were
numerous steps to accomplish, ranging from conceptional designs, research,
planning and finally the final model design. Overall, my final solution provides an
efficient use for society and impacts for the better within the environment.

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PETER BUI (16653)

INITIAL CONCEPTS
For the creation of my concepts, it comprised of the steps of preliminary
sketches, concept production and feature evaluation. To add, all concepts were
designed with the use of Google SketchUp 2015.

CONCEPT ONE
PRELIMENARY SKETCHES
Before the creation of concept one, conceptional ideas and thoughts were
physically incorporated into various sketches. For this concept, the idea of
passenger efficiency was deeply considered.

The Start: Various preliminary sketches for my first conceptional design.

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PETER BUI (16653)

CONCEPT PRODUCTION
For this concept, I decided to focus on the aspect of the rail transportation of a
tram. With this design, I mainly concentrated on how this form of transport will
be significant to passengers in both satisfaction and efficiency. Also, various
environmentally safe features were added.

FEATURE EVALUATION
SLIDING GLASS DOORS
For this concept, I included two sliding glass doors on either side of the tram. For
these to work, the translucent glassing would simply drift into the upper section
of the tram, leaving a larger entrance or exit for passengers. In addition, door
sensors were also added to provide maximum safety for passengers.

Sliding Doors: A feature of efficiency, ideally made for passengers.

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PETER BUI (16653)

SEATING FURNITURE
Another feature was the use of recycled material within the trams furniture. This
was included to fit into the criteria of environmentally safe design. Materials used
included recycled wood, metals and fabrics.

Recycled Material: The inclusion of an environmentally friendly feature within concept one.

IN-BUILT AIR CONDITIONER

To assist within passenger satisfaction, an inbuilt air conditioner was added. This
would most obviously be used during hot weathers as trams are exposed to
humidity and immense heat temperatures.

Air Conditioner: A feature that contributes to passenger satisfaction.

LED LIGHTING
For this concepts overall interior lighting, LEDs were chosen. These types of lights
were ideal due to the lights low release of carbon dioxide, resulting in significant
levels of durability, and power saving.

LED Lighting: A feature that positively contributes towards the environment.

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PETER BUI (16653)

CONCEPT TWO
PRELIMINARY SKETCHES
For the second concept, initial sketches of ideas and thoughts were represented
onto various sketches. For this concept, the idea of passenger comfortability and
carriage design were deeply considered.

Initial Design: Preliminary sketches of concept two, focusing on factors of comfortability.

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PETER BUI (16653)

CONCEPT PRODUCTION
For my second concept, I decided to focus on the transportation of the rail train.
In this certain design, the main aim was to create a project that would provide
significant comfort for passengers. Also, in reality, this concept was ideally
thought to replace the already design of train at the Canberra Train Station and
would be considered to travel far distances to destinations such as Sydney.

FEATURE EVALUATION
TINTED GLASSING/WINDOWS
For this concept, the inclusion of tinted glassing and windows for the overall
design was considered. This was included as it would drastically lower interior
temperatures and provide significant protection from UV rays. This was also
considered due to the excessive amount of sun exposure during long distanced
trips.

Tinted Glassing: A feature that contributes to the health of passengers.

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PETER BUI (16653)

UPWARD SLIDING DOORS

Another feature added were the upward sliding doors. For these doors to work,
they would simply drift into the upper section of the train to either provide an
exit or entrance for passengers. This new format of door is noteworthy as it
provides the passengers an easier passage way into the train.

Upward Sliding Doors: A feature that contributes to the movement of passengers.

SECTIONS
A feature of great simplicity was included. This was the incorporation of the
designs three different sections. These include the staff room, first class and
coach class. This was included to provide an organisation format of passengers
with allocated areas.

Staff Room
First Class

Coach Class

Sections: A feature that establishes organisation within passengers.

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PETER BUI (16653)

TICKET SCANNER
In the coach class, a ticker scanner is attached to each seat. For this to work, the
passenger would scan their ticket on their allocated seat. This would then notify
the staff of the passengers attendance on the train. This was included to provide
a safer acknowledgement of who is or who isnt on the train.

Ticket Scanner: Another feature that establishes organisation within passengers.

CONCEPT THREE
PRELIMINARY SKETCHES
For the third and final concept, preliminary sketches were initially drawn to
brighten up ideas and thoughts. For this concept, ideas of environmental design
were extremely acknowledged.

Spark of Ideas: Preliminary sketches of concept three that focused on environmental design.
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PETER BUI (16653)

CONCEPT PRODUCTION
For this conceptional design, the rail transportation of monorails was
incorporated. In this project, the release of gases were irrelevant as features of
solar power and electricity would contribute towards the designs overall
movement. Havent been done before in the other concepts, I ideally set the
design to be used in the country of Vietnam. The reason behind this was due to
the constant use of motorcycles which results in a higher rate of pollution and
traffic. A monorail would then be relevant to transport a larger number of people
and limit the release of deadly fumes. In addition, the use of electric and
renewable energy is another feature which would most definitely impact the
Vietnamese society for the better.

FEATURE EVALUATION
WINDOW/GLASSING
For this concept, FRA Type 2 Compliance Glassing would be used for all windows
within the monorail. With this type of glassing, it would provide passengers
maximum UV protection, a suitable inside temperature and a beautiful and clear
view.

Glassing: FRA Type 2 Compliance Glassing. Provides maximum protection for passengers.
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PETER BUI (16653)

ZEN POWERED SOLAR PANELS

For the concept, ZEN high powered solar panels were included. Solar power
battery boxes were also attached to obviously store all the obtained renewable
energy.

ZEN Solar Panels: The inclusion of an environmental feature.

WHEELCHAIR ANTI-TIPPER
To create a transport design to suit literally anyones needs, a wheelchair antitipper was included. This would be used by those who are physically challenged
and assisted by a wheelchair.

Wheelchair Tipper: An inclusion of a feature that contributes to those in wheelchairs.

SEATING FURNITURE
In this concept, to display features of sustainability, all seating furniture would be
created of recycled materials. These materials would consist of recycled metals
and BPA-free plastic.

Seating Furniture: A feature that contributes to the safety of the environment.

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PETER BUI (16653)

SOLAR POWERED PHONE CHARGERS

Knowing that mobile phones are now a popular tool used by many, I included
solar powered phone chargers to provide passengers a self-serve phone charge.
In my opinion, this is a significant use of solar power and might open up new
pathways.

Solar Powered Chargers: A feature that combines both human and environmental features.

IN-BUILT AIR CONDITIONER

Knowing that Vietnam is a country of great heat, an air conditioner was ideal and
was included. This inbuilt air conditioner would also be powered by solar power.
To add, this air conditioner also plays the role of an air ventilator.

In-Built Air Conditioner: A feature powered by renewable energy that satisfies passengers.
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PETER BUI (16653)

CONCEPT SELECTION
With the completion of the concept designs, it was now time to decide which one
would be ideal for the final solution. After a discussion with my teacher, I found
that concept three would be a suitable choice.
CONCEPT THREE

WHY DID I CHOOSE THIS CONCEPT?

This concept in comparison to the others, it is obvious that it is superior in terms
of environmental design. With this concept literally running on the use of
electricity, this straight away obliterates the negative typical representation of
transport pollution. The use of ZEN solar panels is also significant, as it is a major
factor of energy efficiency and is relevant as monorails are ideally exposed to the
sun. The combination of other various environmental all incorporated into this
monorail design is another simulation I admire, as monorails limit the amount of
road traffic and increases the capacity of user transportation. In my opinion, this
design has the greatest potential out of the three as it outstandingly combines
factors of both environmental design and user sustainability.
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PETER BUI (16653)

RESEARCH
With the finalisation of decision within concepts, I was left with a situation.
Knowing that a design in the field of rail transportation was to be made, in order
to gain greater knowledge on this transportation field, acts of research were
established.

SYSTEM OF TRANSPORT
To begin my research process, the system of rail transportation was investigated.
Throughout the development of rail transportation, there have been many
different designs and processes used within operational systems. These consist
of:
STEAM LOCOMOTIVES
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
DIESEL-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
STEAM LOCOMOTIVES
In early developments of rail transportation (18th century) pulling power of rail
transport were produced by steam, also known as a steam locomotive. In order
to work, the ideal combustible material of coal would be ignited and decomposed
to produce steam in a boiler. This supply of steam influences the movement of
reciprocating pistons which then allows the movement of wheels creating vehicle
locomotion.

Steam Locomotive: The first official system used in rail transportation.

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ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
Now in the modern day, sources such as electricity are ideal. In order to
commence operation, electricity would power interior motors which enables the
driving of wheels along railways that provides vehicle locomotion. This supply of
electricity is inherit from one of three battery sources. These include electrified
third rails which are found beneath the vehicle (trains), electrified cables found
above the vehicle (trams), or built-in batteries on board the vehicle (monorails).
This form of locomotive is common within urban areas to suit the needs of human
transportation.

Electric Locomotives: A rail transportation system that runs on the use of electricity.

DIESEL-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
In addition to electricity, diesel is another relevant source used in modern day rail
transportation. To begin operation, a large interior diesel motor turns a shaft
driving a generator to produce electricity. This source of electrical energy then
powers traction motors that enables the movement of wheels. These forms of
locomotives are common within transportation that are known to deliver goods.

Diesel-Electric Locomotives: The combination of both diesel and electric within a system.
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CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS
With my final solution known to be a monorail design, I decided to research the
various techniques, processes and materials used in order to produce a rail. For
this act of research, Charles Vignoles invention of the flat-bottom rail was
considered as according to railwaytechnical.com, it is the standard and most
ideal rail used around the world.
MATERIALS
For these rails, materials used include non-heated treated carbon manganese
steels, non-treated alloy steels, heat treated carbon manganese and low alloy
steels. These are included due to their significance within costs and durability.
Recycled steel are used.
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
To begin, recycled steel is obtained and placed into a charging bucket. The
remains are then dropped into a furnace whereas electric currents melt these
scraps at 1650C into a brick lined ladle where materials stated above are
included to provide durability. The alloy is then contained in a ceramic tube to
prevent oxygen exposure which would ruin the metal. The molten metal flows
into moulds which is then extruded into rectangular blocks (blooms). With the
use of constant heating and shaping using a rolling mill, eventually these blooms
will be structurally complete and then formed into the ideal T shape.
Process of obtaining recycled steel.

Rectangular blooms placed into a rolling mill.

Melting the scraps at 1650C.

Placed into a ceramic tube.

Use of a brick lined ladle.

Blooms formed into

the T shape.

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Completion of the Flat-Bottom Rail.

PETER BUI (16653)

DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES
To gain a greater knowledge of the evolution of rail transportation, a table of
developmental milestones was created.
Date
1 Millennia BC
st

1603 (October)
1774
1798
1803
1804
1812
1825
1829
1863
1872
1888
1890
1901
1913
1964
1987
1990
2010
2016

Significance
Ancient Greeks used rutway (a groove worn into road by the travel of wheels).
Example: The movement of wheels into sand which creates a rail track.
The first recorded wagon way was created in England by inventor Huntingdon
Beaumont. Known as, The Wollaton Wagonway
Scotsman, James Watt built the first stationary steam engine. Years later he
produced a design with enough train movement power of 6-8mph.
First above ground railway opened in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England.
First public railway was created in London. Transported goods via horse power.
First steam based locomotive created by Englishman Richard Trevithick.
First commercial passenger railway opens in England.
Creation of the famous LOCOMOTION No.1. The first steam locomotive to carry
passengers on a public rail line.
Stephensons Rocket became the fastest train ever built with a top speed of
30mph.
Construction of the first underground railway in London.
George Westinghouse invented the first automatic air brake, which is now seen
as a primary brake in all trains of today.
First public electric tram system opened in Virginia, United States.
London underground trains switches to electrical engines, starting the new era
of modern systems.
Introduction of the monorail in Germany.
Introduction of diesel powered locomotives in Sweden.
First bullet train introduced in Japan.
British Rails broke the world record for diesel powered train with a speed of
238km/h
French Rails broke the speed record for electric train, with a speed of 515km/h.
Shanghai Metro becomes worlds largest urban transit system with 278
stations.
The Canberra Governments introduction of their tram project

The first stationary steam engine by James Watt

Bullet train set in Japan

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The LOCOMOTION No.1

Artist impression of Canberras

proposed inclusion of trams

PETER BUI (16653)

EFFECTS ON SOCIETY
With the completion of research on the structural aspects of rail transportation,
I went onto the next step of investigating the relevance it has to society today.
This process of research was categorised into achievements and deficiencies.
ACHIEVEMENTS:
DEPENDABLE
Rail transport is the most dependable mode of transport as it is least affected
from weather conditions. It is the best solution for long distance traffic and better
organised due to fixed routes and schedules.
PUBLIC CONVENIENCE
Rail transportation provides the public many
routes making it convenient for people like
tourists. For example NRL games within the ANZ
stadium, free train trips are present for all people
of the public.
SAFETY
Is one of the safest forms of transport as the chances of accidents and
breakdowns are minimum compared to other modes of transport such as buses,
planes and cars. For example the safety procedures trains have in order to board
the vehicle.
CHEAPER
Provides passengers a cheaper conveyance
compared to, for example fuel costs in cars. It is also
economical in use as it can carry much more load
than motor transport.
CAPACITY
Within rail transportation the capacity is extremely large. This is significant for
both the conveyance of passengers and merchandise.
EMPLOYMENT
Rail transportation provides greater employment opportunities for both skilled
and unskilled labour.
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PETER BUI (16653)

DEFICIENCIES:
LACK OF FLEXIBILITY
With rail transport, routes and timings cannot be adjusted to suit individual
requirements making it inflexible for some passengers.
COST
The cost of construction processes is excessive compared to other modes of
transport. These include creation of vehicles, rails and terminals. These costs are
also paid in contribution from taxes.
UNAVAILABILITY
Due to capital requirements and traffic, railways cannot be operated
economically in rural areas. This causes inconvenience to the people within rural
areas.

EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

With the environmental playing a major factor within my final monorail design,
rail transportation and their impact on the environment was researched. Both
achievements and deficiencies were recorded.
ACHIEVEMENTS:
LOWER EMISSION LEVELS
With the use of rail transportation, lower emission levels of CO2 are drastically
reduced compared to vehicles such as buses and cars. With the large capacity of
load it is also significant as more people are turning to trains instead of cars.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
With the use of electric trains, power can be sustainably renewed from energy
sources of wind and solar. Electric trains are also pollution free.

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ENERGY EFFICIENT
Rail is an energy efficient transport mode. For example, a rail passenger travelling
by high speed train at 200km/h, this typically uses only 0.8 1.0 MJ of energy
whereas it would use 1.4 2.8MJ of energy for a car passenger.

DEFICIENCIES:
GROUND WATER POLLUTION
With rail transportation having large terminals, it is prone to the problem of
ground water pollution. This is influenced by the release of rail fuel, grease,
creosote, etc.
AIR POLUTION
The use of diesel powered trains for example further exploits the ongoing issue
of air pollution.
HABITAT DESTRUCTION
Construction process of rail transportation leads to the destruction of habitats
and environmental land. In addition the presence of rail transport can cause the
damage of habitats due to vehicle noise and emissions.

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PETER BUI (16653)

MODERN DAY DESIGNS

To conclude on my research process, the investigation of modern day designs
was established. This form of research helped myself to better interpret the
numerous futuristic techniques within design and how I can act these factors
upon my project. Online images were recorded.
The Eco-Drive Monorail
A design by Phil Paley.
A
monorail
design
consisting of two sides in
equilibrium of carriage
size
and
storage.
Basically, this monorail
design consists of the
double amount of space
compared to the typical
single sided monorail
design.

The Good Mood Monorail

Designed by Yanko Designs.
A monorail design that is
attractive in presentation with
various shapes and colours that
adapt
well
around
its
surroundings. Designed to
enhance the mood and social
behaviour of passengers. Seats
up to 60 people throughout
three carriages.
The UbiCiT Monorail
Designed by Quebec
Network
An electric monorail
design
that
is
suspended from the
ground that can easily
carry at least 300
people. An unusual
monorail design made
under the rail frame
instead of on top.
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PETER BUI (16653)

INITIAL IDEAS
Before starting on my practical model, numerous initial ideas were stated. These
thoughts would become helpful in my future processes.

The final solution will be a 3D printed scaled model.

The software of AutoCAD 2015 will be used to create the scaled model.
A 2D perspective of the design will be created on AutoCAD 2015
A 3D perspective of the design will be created on AutoCAD 2015
Orthographic views will be created.
The change of features can be added onto the final solution.
Requirement of a highly detailed 3D AutoCAD design in order to achieve
a detailed 3D printed model.

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PLANNING
For this process, plans were established in order to provide maximum guidance
and understanding throughout the models production. Forms of planning
consisted of:

Layout orthographic drawing

Dimensioned orthographic drawing
Cross-Sectional view drawing
Materials List
Functions List
Brief sketches.

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CHANGE OF DESIGN
Initially for my design, it comprised of bulky air conditioner boxes on top of the
monorail. Discussing with my teacher, he advised me to remove the air
conditioner system as it wasnt really relevant. I agreed with the teachers
hypothesis and focused more on environmental features. One feature I then
included were in-built micro wind turbines. These turbines would be found on
top of the design and produce even more renewable energy. This feature was
also considered due to the straight movement of the monorail whereas it can
contribute towards the spinning motion of the turbines.

WIND DIRECTION

Micro Wind
Turbines

MONORAIL DIRECTION
Monorail Example

Micro Wind Turbines: My explanation of reason why this feature was added.

LAYOUT DRAWING
With all features officially confirmed for the design, I went onto the next step of
planning the models design. To begin, a layout drawing consisting of all visible
views were made. This was illustrated using the software AutoCAD 2015.

Layout Drawing: A detailed illustration comprising of the designs visible sides.

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DIMENSIONED ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING

With the completion of a layout drawing, I then officially knew how my final
solution would look like. Using the information obtained from the layout drawing,
a dimensioned orthographic drawing was established. To add, all shown
dimensions were realistically represented. Basically, this drawing provides
dimensions of the design in a 1:1 scale perspective.

Orthographic: A scaled 1:1 dimensioned orthographic drawing of my design.

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW DRAWING

To gain a greater understanding of my design, a cross sectional drawing was
made.

Cross Sectional: A drawing that illustrates the details of an interior slice of my design.
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MATERIALS LIST
With the completion of various technical drawings, I decided that some theory
based lists would be relevant. A material list was then created whereas I
understood more about what materials would be realistically used on certain
areas of my design.

PART NAME

MATERIAL

1.

Overall Exterior of
Monorail
Overall Glassing of
Monorail Exterior

Sustainable Steel (Metal)

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

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Monorail Roof
Hatch/Ventilator
In-Built Wind
Turbines
Advanced ZEN Solar
Panels
Wheel Barriers
Monorail Vestibules
Overall Monorail
Wheels

FRA Type 2 Compliance Glassing

(Provides maximum UV protection and
clear exterior views)
Tempered glassing with plastic bodying.
Stainless steel blades with plastic
bodying.
Monocrystalline Silicon
Durable plastics
Durable rubbers
High quality rubber wheels

PETER BUI (16653)

FUNCTION LIST
After the creation of a materials list, I wanted to further expand my
understandings of my design. A function list was then created. This list states the
various parts of the design and their unique significance.

N
1.

PART NAME
Overall Exterior of
Monorail

2.

Overall Glassing of
Monorail Exterior

3.

Monorail Roof
Hatch/Ventilator

4.
In-Built Wind Turbines
5.
6.

Advanced Solar Panels

Wheel Barriers

7.

Monorail Vestibules

8.
Overall Monorail Wheels

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FUNCTION
Consists of durable stainless steel material to
protect passengers from various weather
conditions.
Provides maximum UV protection, maintains
a suitable interior temperature and provides
passengers clear exterior views.
Ventilation to provide passengers a cool and
satisfying indoor temperature. Can also be
used as an emergency hatch.
With the monorail travelling in one direction,
wind turbines were added to produce
renewable energy.
Produces even more renewable energy.
Protect the monorails wheels from any
interferences.
Provides passengers a durable process of
moving to another carriage.
Consists of two sets of guide wheels on both
left and right sides whereas a single load row
is found in the centre. An overall of three
different placements of wheels to provide
maximum direction and movement of the
monorail.

PETER BUI (16653)

PRODUCTION PROCESS
With the overall conclusion of the planning process, it was time to begin the
production of the final solution.

3D AUTOCAD
Knowing from my initial ideas that my final solution would be a 3D printed model,
in order to achieve that, a 3D AutoCAD drawing was required. To begin my 3D
drawing, the right side view previous shown in my 2D orthographic drawing was
relevant to use.

2D Orthographic: The use of the orthographic drawing to begin 3D production.

With the orthographic in play, the 3D command, Press Pull was used. The
dimensions previously stated on my orthographic were also helpful, informing
me of the certain widths of the design. With the constant use of the Press Pull
command, the overall structure of the design was finally represented in third
dimension.

The influence the Press Pull

command has upon the design.

The final solution produced due to the use of the Press Pull
command.

Press Pull: The transition from a 2D design to a 3D design.

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PETER BUI (16653)

With the 3D solution structurally complete and set to the option of realistic,
materials were added. The material list created previously was truly helpful at
this point. For this design, stainless steel was used for the designs overall exterior
and the micro wind turbines, reflective grey glassing was used for the
windows/glassing, grey coloured rubbers used for both wheels and vestibules
and grey plastics used for the ventilators. For the ZEN solar panels, the material
of monocrystalline Silicon didnt appear in AutoCADs files, so blue coloured
rubber was its representation. With the finalisation of materials, the 3D AutoCAD
design was complete.

3D AutoCAD: The final solution represented on 3D AutoCAD.

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PETER BUI (16653)

3D SCALING
In order to create a 3D printed model, the 3D AutoCAD design had to be in
maximum dimensions of 200mm x 200mm. With my 3D design having
dimensions of 40000mm x 2000mm, it was obvious that scaling would be
required. While using the 3D scale option, as the AutoCAD model got smaller I
saw an issue. This was the constant erase of my design each time it got smaller in
scale. My teacher then informed me that my initial 3D AutoCAD drawing was not
structurally connected, as multiple pieces of the design were separated. To solve
this issue, the Join command was used. Eventually, with the use of the Join
command, my 3D AutoCAD design was now officially complete.

The Join Command

The use of this command
led to the combination of
pieces as when the scaling
process occurred, the
erasing of design was
irrelevant.
The initial problem of the non-connection of
pieces.

The final solution of the design using the Join command.

Join Together: The extensive process in order to achieve structural connection.

With the success of the Join command, it was then scaled down to its required
dimensions. The AutoCAD file was then transferred to a STL file in order to be
compatible with the 3D printing software. With the newly STL file showing no
errors, the scaling process was complete and it was finally time for 3D printing.

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3D PRINTING
Lucky to have such an exhilarating privilege to use a 3D printer, I has excited to
see the outcome of my design. After an approximate wait of thirty-six hours, my
3D printed design was complete. When I received the design, I was amazed. It
was astonishing to see a detailed physical adaptation of my design, but the model
wasnt fully complete. For my model, there were various insertions acting as
supports that needed to be removed. A metal chisel and scalpel were used but
unfortunately my design broke into three components due to the immense
influence of pressure. This wasnt a major concern though, as the teacher advised
super glue can be a solution. With the removal of the exterior debris on the
model, the interior was next. For this process, a different approach was taken as
the previous tools used will not work affectively. The reason behind this was due
to the solid interior insertions of supports.

Interior Insertions:
The various interior supports created by the 3D printer.

To eject these interior supports, the teacher advised a method of using a rotary
tool to drill precise but deep holes. The rotary tool was then used as I eventually
achieved a result. With my skills not being the greatest in terms of the tool, I
accidently created minor bumps while generating the hollows in the design. But
for me in the end, it was still satisfying to observe.
Minor bumps of the interior.

The use of the

rotary tool.

Completion of the drilling process.

Interior Removal: The use of a rotary tool to remove interior supports/debris.

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After the drilling process, I was still left with three individual pieces. PVA glue was
initially used to connect all three pieces together, but after waiting ten minutes
for it dry, it showed no positive result. With the discontinue use of the PVA glue,
super glue was used. The use of the super glue was impressive as the design was
finally connected as one. In the end, it presented an amazing result as I was left
with the conclusion of my monorail model.

The initial use of PVA glue

The successful use of stuk super glue.

Connection: The use of materials to connect the model together.

Completion: The 3D representation of my final solution design.

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TASK EVALUATION
This engineering task was truly an enjoyable one to participate in. With the design
of transportation, it is something I havent really contributed to before as I initially
thought it would be dull and uninteresting. But afterwards this task, I felt the urge
of interest in vehicles and transport design. The process of research was also
informative as I learnt new engineering factors of momentum, vehicle balance
and most importantly the impacts to both society and the environment. The
process of creating the final model was undoubtedly the most enjoyable as I
finally created a design with the use of a 3D printer. To add, I must express my
gratitude to Marist, Mr Pereira and the technology department as I was privileged
enough to use such prestigious resources. In conclusion, this task was a great
ending to my college years as I achieved and created a design that will provide
memories for a life time.

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GANTT CHART

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