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LEP
4.1.02
Wheatstone bridge
Related topics
Kirchhof fs laws, conductor, circuit, voltage, resistance, parallel connection, series connection.
Principle and task
The Wheatstone bridge circuit is used to determine unknown
resistances. The total resistance of resistors connected in parallel and in series is measured.
Equipment
Resistance board, metal
Slide wire meas. bridge, simple
Connection box
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 10 Ohm
PEK carbon resistor 2 W 5% 100 Ohm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 150 Ohm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 330 Ohm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 680 Ohm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 1 kOhm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 4.7 kOhm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 10 kOhm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 15 kOhm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 82 kOhm
PEK carbon resistor 1 W 5% 100 kOhm
Power supply, 5 V/1 A, +/-15 V
Digital multimeter
Connecting cord, 500 mm, red
Connecting cord, 500 mm, yellow
Connecting cord, 500 mm, blue
06108.00
07182.00
06030.23
39104.01
39104.63
39104.10
39104.13
39104.17
39104.19
39104.27
39104.30
39104.32
39104.40
39104.41
13502.93
07134.00
07361.01
07361.02
07361.04
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
Problems
1. Determination of unknown resistances.
Determination of the total resistance
2. of resistors in series,
3. of resistors in parallel.
4. Determination of the resistance of a wire as a function of its
cross-section.
Set-up and procedure
The values of the resistors to be measured are made invisible
and encoded as follows.
x 1
x 3
x 8
x13
x16
=
=
=
=
=
270
15
4.7
150
680
Ohm
KOhm
KOhm
Ohm
Ohm
Fig. 1: Experimental set up for determining an unknown resistance with the Wheatstone bridge.
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH 37070 Gttingen, Germany
24102
LEP
4.1.02
Wheatstone bridge
(1)
where In are the current values which lead to or from the junction point.
It is customary to take In as negative if the corresponding current in the n-th conductor is flowing away from the junction
point.
For every closed loop C in a network of linear conductors, in
the steady-state condition, Kirchhoffs 2nd law applies:
S (In Rn Une = 0
(2)
268
15.0
4.81
151
682
1
1
= S
i Ri
Rtot
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RX13
RX13
RX16
RX13
RX13
RX13
RX1
RX1
RX1
RX1
RX1
RX1
RX16
RX16
RX16
85
96.6
192
420
1100
260
V
V
V
V
V
V
1
A
(3)
R1
l
=R 1
R2
l2
V
kV
kV
V
V
Y = A XB
the exponent
B = - 1.998 0.05
(see (3))
is obtained.
24102
PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH 37070 Gttingen, Germany