IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 02 | July 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-6010

An Extensive Review on Image Quality

Enhancement using Filtering Techniques
Vivek Kumar Sharma
M Tech Research Scholar
OIST, Bhopal

Prof. Sreeja Nair

Research Guide
OIST, Bhopal

Abstract
A very vast portion of digital image processing is concerned with image de-noising. This includes research in algorithm and
routine goal oriented image Processing. Image restoration is the removal or reduction of degraded images that are incurred while
the image is being obtained. Degradation comes from blurring as Wall as noise due to various sources. Blurring is a form of
bandwidth reduction in the image caused by the imperfect image formation process like relative motion between the camera &
the object or by an optical system which is out of the focus. Image de-noising is often usd in the fild of photography or
publishing wher an imag is somehow degradd but it neds to be improvd befor it can be printd. For this typ of application
we ned to know about the degradation process in order to dsign a modl for it. Whn a modl for the dgradation procss is
designed, the inverse procss can be applied to the imag to de-noise it back to its original form. It is the typ of imag de-noise
oftn usd in spac xploration to hlp eliminat artifacts generatd by mchanical jittr in a spaccraft or to reduc distortion in
the optical systm of a telescop. Imag de-noising finds applications in filds such as astronomy wher the rsolution
limitations are high, in mdical imaging wher the physical requiremnts for high quality imaging are needd for analyzing the
imags of uniqu evnts and in the fornsic scienc wher potntially usful photographic information is sometims of extremly
bad quality.
Keywords: Image Denoising
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

Owing to its rapidly increasing popularity over last few decads, the wavelt transform has becom quit a standard tool in
numrous resarch and application domains. In wavelt domain imag dnoising: we study and devlop statistical modls and
stimators for imag wavelt coefficints givn of noisy obsrvations. In doing so, we are on a bridg betwen thory and
applications. Whil mrging thory and practic, from tim to tim we mploy huristics too.
A vry larg portion of digital imag procssing is devotd to imag rstoration. This includs resarch in algorithm
developmnt and routin goal orientd imag procssing. Imag rstoration is the rmoval or rduction of dgradations that are
incurrd whil the imag is bing obtaind .Dgradation coms from blurring as wll as noise due to elctronic and photomtric
sourcs. Blurring is a form of bandwidth rduction of the imag causd by the imperfct imag formation procss such as
relativ motion betwen the camra and the original scen or by an optical systm that is out of focus. Whn arial photographs
are producd for remot snsing purposs, blurs are introducd by atmosphric turbulenc, abrrations in the optical systm and
relativ motion betwen camra and ground. In addition to thes blurring effcts, the recordd imag is corruptd by noiss too.
A noise is introducd in the transmission mdium due to a noisy channl, rrors during the measuremnt procss and during
quantization of the data for digital storag. Each elemnt in the imaging chain such as lenss, film, digitizr, etc. contributs to
the dgradation.
The ned for efficint imag rstoration mthods has grown with the massiv production of digital imags and movis of all
kinds, oftn takn in poor conditions. No mattr how good camras are, an imag improvemnt is always requird. Howevr, in
many works, mostly with simulatd noise, additiv whit Gaussian noise (AWGN) is used, so that the noise valus at differnt
pixls are assumd signal-independnt and as ralizations of an i.i.d (independnt and idntically distributd) random variabl.
Imag dnoising is usd to find the bst estimat of the original imag givn its noisy vrsion. Many mthods for imag
dnoising hav ben suggestd, and a comprehensiv reviw of thm can be found in [5]. Among the proposd dnoising
schems, patch-basd mthods hav drawn much attntion in the imag procssing community. Moreovr, most of the suggestd
schems dal with Gaussian noise modl. An exampl of a recnt patch basd dnoising approach: A schem suggsts reordring
the pixls in a givn imag basd on thir corrsponding patchs similarity and thn applying a smoothing oprator on the
orderd pixls.
The Non-Local Mans (NLM) dnoising algorithm which taks advantag of imag rdundancy by comparing pixl
nighborhoods within an extendd sarch rgion. Each pixl valu is estimatd as a weightd averag of all the othr pixls in
this sarch rgion. Thes pixls are ach assignd a wight that is proportional to the similarity betwen the local nighborhood
of the referenc pixl and thir local nighborhood, such that pixls whos nighborhood is the most similar to the nighborhood
of the referenc pixl are givn the largst wights. Moreovr, the wights are controlld by a wight smoothing parametr (h),
which sters thir dcay. It is increasd with the nois varianc in the imag and it is usually set constant for the entir imag.

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An Extensive Review on Image Quality Enhancement using Filtering Techniques

(IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 011)

Sinc imag pixls are highly correlatd whil Gaussian additiv nois , weightd avraging of thes pixls rsults in nois
rduction. Consequntly, the uniquenss of the NLM approach lis in its ability to xploit spatial corrlation in a defind
nighborhood (sarch rgion) for nois rmoval.
Gaussian imag dnoising techniqus can be exploitd to dal with Poisson nois as well. In the Poisson case, a Varianc
Stabilizing Transform (VST), e.g., transform is usd in ordr to convrt the signal-dependnt nois to a Gaussian additiv whit
nois with unit varianc. Then, NLM can be applid on the transformd noisy imag. Finally, an invers transform is applid on
the denoisd image.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Kthwas, A.; Jharia, B. [1] nowadays imags are vry fundamntal typ data for transmission. In this papr, a mixd domain
imag dnoising mthod basd on the wavelt transform mdian filtr and nonlinar diffusion are proposd. The wavelt
transform is usd to convrt the spatial domain imag to wavelt domain coefficints. Wavelt transform producs
approximation, horizontal, vrtical and diagonal detaild coefficint which represnts the various spatial frequncy bands. Thes
coefficints may be filterd by wienr filtr or fuzzy filtr separatly. One is basd on mdian and moving averag, whil othr
one usd on probabilistic way, respectivly. Papr presnts the two differnt techniqus for imag dnoising, first techniqu is
ATMAV (Asymmtrical Triangular Moving Averag Filtr) with HAAR wavelt transform and scond is ATMED
(Asymmtrical Triangular Mdian Filtr) with HAAR wavelt transform. Both techniqus are basd on fuzzy logic basd filtrs.
Comparativ analytical study basd on PSNR and man squar rror shows that HAAR with ATMED wavelt is bettr techniqu
for imag dnoising.
Dan Li; Xin Zhang; Ting Jiang; Mng Zhang, [2] Imag de-noising is an important stp to improv the AOI (automatd
optical inspction) imag quality of automobil work piec. Aftr analyzing the thory of wavelt transform and the
charactristics of traditional soft and hard wavelt thrshold de-noising mthods, an improvd thrshold de-noising mthod was
proposd. The new mthod overcoms the discontinuous in hard thrshold de-noising mthod and reducs the permannt bias in
soft thrshold de-noising mthod. At last hard thrshold de-noising, soft thrshold de-noising mthod and improvd thrshold denoising are usd to reduc noiss in the sam imag of workpiec. The rsults show that the improvd thrshold mthod is
suprior to the traditional soft and hard wavelt thrshold de-noising mthods in decrasing RMSE and improving PSNR.
Gu Jie, [3] It is an important application of wavelt analysis in powr systm to de-nois powr quality (PQ) signals so as to
detct and locat the disturbing points. At presnt soft thrshold and hard thrshold de-noising mthods are widly used. To
improv the de-noising effct of PQ signals, an improvd algorithm basd on soft thrshold and hard thrshold de-noising
mthods is put forward. The key factor of wavelt thrsholding de-noising is how to construct thrsholding function and selct
the thrshold. The mthod could combin the advantags of hard and soft thrshold mthods, and thn achiev bettr accss to
estimat the thrshold of wavelt coefficints by adjusting the parametrs proprly, making the improvd thrshold function
betwen the soft and hard thrshold functions. It could not only overcom the shortcomings of poor de-noising effct whil using
hard thrshold mthod, but also effectivly solv the difficult problm that lads to signal distortion within soft thrshold mthod
becaus of too smooth. The simulation rsults show that this mthod can reduc the loss of information whil de-noising. The
enhancemnt of SNR and the rduction of the RMSE indicat that the performanc of our mthod is bettr than soft thrshold
and hard thrshold de-noising mthods.
Yongqiang Zhang; Lili Wu; Jianguang Zhao, [4] In ordr to improv the de-noising effct of wavelt thrshold furthr, aftr
analyzing the shortcomings of the traditional soft and hard thrshold de-noising mthods, this papr proposs a trad-off of soft
and hard thrshold mthod. The typical blocks signal superposd standard Gaussian whit nois in the Matlab wavelt toolbox is
takn as an exampl for simulating and tsting, to vrify the fasibility and availability of this new thrshold mthod. Signal-tonois ratio (SNR) and root-mean-squar rror (RMSE) are takn as the appraisal parametrs of de-noising performanc. The
experimnt rsults indicat the supriority of the new thrshold mthod, and it improvs the de-noising effct to som extnt.
Liu Xin-xia; Han Fu-lian; Wang Jin-gui, [5] In this papr, the structur of multi-scal dcomposition and rconstruction of
mpirical mod dcomposition (EMD) thory is defind. Through the combination of wavelt and EMD thory, a new EMDwavelt dynamic dformation data de-noising modl is proposd. The modl is presentd to reduc nois of coordinat tim
seris. Firstly, the non-linar seris are decomposd into stationary IMFs and rsidual componnts. Scondly, the selectd high
frequncy IMFs are de-noisd with the wavelt modl and finally, the EMD rconstruction givs the extractd tim seris.
Compard with the dnoising modls basd on wavelt, Kalman and EMD, the EMD-wavelt modl has relativly highr signalto-nois ratio(SNR) than othr modls and the lowst root mean-squar rror (RMSE), ENAE and EBias with respct to the x/y/z
coordinat tim seris. The rsults show that the EMD-wavelt modl has relativ advantag.
Huaigang Zang; Zhibin Wang; Ying Zhng, [6] Basd on the multi-analysis wavelt thrshold de-nosing mthod which put
forward by D.L. Dohono and I.M. Johnston, a new thrsholding function is proposd. This new thrsholding function is
continuous as the soft thrsholding function, and also overcoms the shortcoming that ther is an invariabl disprsion betwen
the estimatd wavelt coefficints and the decomposd wavelt coefficints of the soft thrshold mthod. In new thrsholding
function, by adjusting k parametr, a near-optimum function betwen hard and soft functions is resultd. Moreovr, by turning
parametr m, the near-optimum thrsholding function is adjustd to the optimum one through applying small changs. In othr
words, optimizing parametr k works similar to a global sarch and optimizing parametr m works lik local sarch in finding
the bst thrsholding function. The simulation rsults show that the new thrsholding function can offr the bst de-noising

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An Extensive Review on Image Quality Enhancement using Filtering Techniques

(IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 011)

signal only by changing the variabl parametrs. The enhancemnt of the SNR and the rduction of the RMSE indicats that the
performanc of this mthod is bettr thn the hard and soft thrshold mthods.
III. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The dnoising of imag is initial stp in imag procssing. Robustnss and dtail presrvation are only the two important aspcts
of modm imag enhancemnt filtrs. Ther are limitd mthods for imag dnoising in spatial and transform domain. The
currnt trnds of the imag dnoising resarch are the volution of mixd domain mthods. It is clar that ATMAV with HAAR
givs not much sufficint rsult for imag dnoising, whil HAAR with ATMED wavelt givs better rsult as compard to
prvious techniqus . Presentd only HAAR with ATMED is the mthod for imag dnoising .
IV. CONCLUSION
Nowadays imags are vry fundamntal typ data for transmission. In this papr, a mixd domain imag dnoising mthod basd
on the wavelt transform mdian filtr with total variation and masking are proposd. The wavelt transform is usd to convrt
the spatial domain imag to wavelt domain coefficints. Wavelt transform producs approximation, horizontal, vrtical and
diagonal detaild coefficint which represnts the various spatial frequncy bands. Thes coefficints may be filterd by wienr
filtr or fuzzy filtr separatly. One is basd on mdian and moving averag, whil othr one usd on probabilistic way,
respectivly. Papr presnts the two differnt techniqus for imag dnoising first techniqu is ATMAV (Asymmtrical
Triangular Moving Averag Filtr) with HAAR wavelt transform and scond is A TMED (Asym mtrical Triangular Mdian
Filtr) with HAAR wavelt transform. Both techniqus are basd on fuzzy logic basd filtrs. After using total variation and
masking with ATMED on PSNR and man squar rror(RMSE) shows that total variation and masking with ATMED wavelt is
bettr techniqu for imag dnoising .
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