Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Date_5/11/2015_
1. OBJECTIVES
1.1 To establish the relationship between deflection and applied load.
1.2 To determine the elastic modulus of the beam specimen from the deflection data.
1.3 To derive the relationship between the deflection and the applied load for both symmetrical
non-symmetrically loaded beam.
2. APPARATUS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3. PROCEDURES
1. Two knife edges support the beam with uniform cross section. The distance between the two
supports, L is the span of the beams to be tested.
2. Measure width and depth of specimen and note the readings (take measurement at 3
locations and record the average reading)
Test
Beam Span, L
Width, b
Height, H
Moment of
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
Inertia, I. (mm )
1000
25.5
3.57
96.68
700
25.5
3.57
96.68
4. RECORD OF READINGS
Test A
div
24
77.5
124
173.5
231
276.5
mm
0.24
0.775
1.24
1.735
2.31
2.765
Load
N
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
div
25
81
123
187
220
270
mm
0.25
0.81
1.23
1.87
2.2
2.7
Dial Gauge
Reading
Test A
Test B
mm
mm
0.245
0.0525
0.7925
0.15
1.235
0.2625
1.8025
0.38
2.255
0.49
2.7325
0.6
I=
b h3
12
25.5 3.573
12
= 96.68
mm4
div
3.5
15
26
37.5
49
60
Test B
mm
div
0.035
7
0.15
15
0.26
26.5
0.375
38.5
0.49
49
0.6
60
Theoretical
Deflection
Case A Case B
mm
mm
0.5
0.12
1.07
0.25
1.62
0.37
2.15
0.49
2.69
0.62
3.23
0.74
mm
0.07
0.15
0.265
0.385
0.49
0.6
Theoretical
Deflection
Case A Case B
mm
mm
0.5
0.12
1.07
0.25
1.62
0.37
2.15
0.49
2.69
0.62
3.23
0.74
The theoretical deflection of the beam under symmetric loading is calculated by using
the following method.
E = 200000 N/mm2
I = 96.68 mm4
x = 500 mm
L=1000 mm
P = Load Values (0.5-3)
500 mm
1000 mm
4 ( 3 )
y=
N
48(96.68)(200000
)
mm 2
Case 3B:
E = 200000N/mm2
I = 96.68 mm4
x = 500 mm
a = 500 mm
b = 200 mm
L= a+b = 500 mm + 200 mm = 700 mm
Pb
[ x 3 ( L2 b 2 ) x];
6 EIL
L a b
P
(500mm) 3 ((700mm) 2 (200mm) 2 )(500mm)
6(200000 N / mm )(96.68mm 4 )(700mm)
2
500
mm
For test B: b
500
mm
1000
mm
I xx=
L3
96.68 mm4
L3 W
48 I max
L3
slope _ of _ exp . _ deflection
48 I
1000 3
(1.0052)
48(96.68)
216608.0541N / mm 2
L3 W
48 I max
L3
(0.919)
48(96.68)
198033.0299 N / mm 2
198033.0299 N / mm 2 216608.0541N / mm 2
100%
198033.0299 N / mm 2
9.38%
200 500
2
2
2
E= 6 96.68 700 [700 200 500 ] 4.5137
2
E= 222319.089 N /mm
200 500
2
2
2
E= 6 96.68 700 [700 200 500 ] 4.0409
E= 199031.6607 N /mm
theo exp
100%
theo
11.7%
FA
FB
Equilibrium equation
=0
y=
y=
y=
P
12 EI
P
48 EI
[x3 (L2
[x3
L
2
3L2 x
[4x3 3L2 x]
) x]
x-a
M
Pb
L
Equilibrium equation
0=
Thus,
DISCUSSION
In the process of carrying out of the experiment as we know there were some amount of errors
been made. These may errors may lead to make errors in the answers we got during the
experiment. These errors made in the experiments are listed below:
The equipment used in the laboratory is old and very sensitive to any
environmental distortion; hence the load cell shows continuously
changing values and takes some time to come to a stable position for
the observer to measure precise readings.
Time allocated for this experiment is limited this may give restrictions
to repeating of the experiment and get an average reading.
Parallax error caused when taking the results.
The errors listed above may be minimized using the following steps:
5. CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX:
PL
4
P
(4 x3 3L2 x)
48 EI
Pb 3
[ x ( L2 b 2 ) x];
6 EIL
L a b