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CONFIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA


FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER

II

sEssIoN 2012t2013
COURSENAME

HYDRAULICS

COTTRSECODE

BFC 2073 / BFC 21 103

PROGRAMME

2 BFF

JtiNE 2013

DIIRATION

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTION

ANSWER FIYE (5) QUESTIONS

EXAMINATION

DATE

ONLY

THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF NINE (9) PAGES

CONFIDENTIAL

BFC 2073 / BFC

Q1 (a)

Based on Table

Ql, explain

2ll0l

the influence ofchannel surface to flow lesistance.

I able

()l

Roushness coefficient. r,

Natuml Channel
Clean and straisht
0.030
Mountain river
0.040
Vesetation
0.r00

Artificial channel
Cement (mortar)

0.013

Asphalt (rough)
Concrete

0.016
0.017
(5 marks)

Q2

(b)

Water flows uniformly at 3.5 m3/s in 3.0 m diameter of a circular channel with
channel slope of 0.0012 and Chezy's coefficient of 65 m05/s. Determine the
normal depth using trial and error method.
(15 marks)

(a)

Define the maximum constriction width, B2od and state the conditions that are
not causing the changes of upstream water depth before the constriction

s''xc.ure

(4 marks)

(b)

Manning of 0.015 and bottom


Ifthe constriction is done with 3.0 m
width, calculate the water depths at upstream and downstream of the
constriction. Sketch the flow prolile utilizing all values obtained.
A long

rectangular channel 3.5 m width with

slop of0.0008 conveys water at I t.5 m'/s.

(16 marks)

Q3

(a)

With the aid ofsketches, explain the 3 9?s offlow profiles in a steep chamel.
(6 marks)

(b)

A rectangular channel of width of

of0.035 and
bottom slope of0.0015 is used to convey water at a normal depth of4.2 m. As
water travels to the downstream of the channel the depth has raised to 1.8 m due
to the presence ofa broad-crested weir. Using the Direct Step Method i

(i)
(iD

1.5 m, Manning's coefficient, r,

Calculate tle length of the gradually varied flow profile starting from 6 %
higher of the normal depth in 4 stages.
Sketch the increment of each depth of flow ptofil with respect to its
horizontal distance and state the q?e ofthe flow profile. (Use Table Q3
- attach the table with your answer booklet).
(14 marks)

BFC 2073 / BFC

Q4

(a)

03

Give THREE (3) conditions where hydraulic jumps ciur occur and sketch the
water depths prchles associated with these jumps.
(6 marks)

Qs

(b)

(a)

A hydraulic dam is the combitation of sveral hydraulic structures. Explain the

rcctangular channel of 4.2 m wide, carries flow of 22 m3/s. At a certain


location the channel slope changes abruptly fiom 0.02 10 0.001. Determine
whether a hydraulic jump would occur and if it occrus, determine the position of
the jump and energy dissipated. (Given r = 0.013).
( l4 marks)

function of each structure.


(6 marks)

(b)

An underflow sluice gate was built to conhol water level as well as to prevent
the intrusion of sea water. The channel is rectangular with bottom width,
b = 2.3 m. The velocity below the sluice gate and the upstream water depth are
5.0 m,/s and 1.7 m, respectively. Calculate the discharge if the height of gate
opning is 0.5 m, the downstream flow depth is 1.4 m and the coefficient of
discharge, Cd is 0.598.
(7 marks)

(c)

A contmcted rectangular weir as shown in Figure Q5 is used to control flow ln


irigation system. Calculate the discharge ofthe channel.

an

(7 marks)

Q6

(a)

With the aid of flow rates, Q against pressure head, H graph, explain the
operation ofpumps which are installed in series and in parallel.
(o marKs)

(b)

A model study ofa centrifugal pump obtained the following characleristics :-

N
O
H

I 200 rotatinsy'min
0.91 m'/min

85

47m
Vo

The diameter of the impeller is 50 cm. If th protoq?e pump of 0.8 m diameter


is to be designed, determine the

(i)
(ii)
(iiD

OpeEtion speed to convey 0.1 ml/s ofwater.


Head ofwater achieved at flow of0.l mr/s.
Power required to operat the pump.

END OF QUESTION .

l4 marks)

BFC 20?3 / BFC 2l t03

SI

(a)

Berdasarkan Jrdusl
rintangan aliran.

Sl, jelaskan pengaruh

permukaan saluran terhadap

Jaduel Sl
Pekali kekasaran. z
Salumn semulai adi
Salumn buatan
(mortar)
Bersih dan lurus
0.030
Simen
0.013
Sungai gunulc
0.040
Asfalt &asar)
0.016
Tumbuhan
0.100
Konkrit
0.017
(5 markah)

52

(b)

secam seragzrm pada 3.5 m3/s di dalam sebuah saluran bulat


berdiameter 3.0 m dengan cerun salurar 0.0012 dan pekali Chezy 65 m05/s.
Tentukan ukurdalam normal menggunakan kaedah cuba dan ralat.
( 15 markah)

(a)

Takrilkan lebar maksimum pcnggentingan, Bz,* dan nyatakan keadaan-keadaan


yang tidak mengakibatkan perubalun ukurdalam air dihulu sebelum strultur

Air mengalir

penggentingan.
(4 markah)

(b)

Sebuah saluran panjang segiempal tepar 3.5 m lebar dengan Manniog 0-015
dan cerun dasar 0.0008 mengalirkan air sebanyak Il.5 m'/s. Jika penggentingan

dilakukan dengan lebar 3.0 m, kira ukur dalam air di hulu dan di hilir
penggentingan. Lakarkan bentuk profil aliran dengan menggunapakai semua
nilai yang diperolehi.
( l6 markah)

s3

(a)
(b)

Dengao bantuan lakamn, huraikan 3 jenis profil aliran di dalam saluran curam.
(6 markah)
Sebuah saluran segiempat dengan kelebamn 1.5 m, pekali Manning n 0.035 dan
cerun dasar 0.0015 digunakan untuk mengalirkan air dengan kedalaman normal
4.2 m- Semasa air merentasi hilir saluran ukurdalam air meningkat sebanyak

disebabkan oleh kehadiran empang berpuncak lebar. Menggunakan


kaedah berperingkat :-

1.8

(i)
(ii)

Kira jarak profil aliran berubah beransur bermula 6yo lebih tinggi
daripada kedalaman normal dalarn 4 peringkat.

Lakarkan peningkatan setiap ukurdalam profil aliran berbanding jarak


mendatamya dan nyatakan jenis gofil alimn ini. (Cunakan J.dual 53 larnpirkan jadual ini dengan buku jawapan anda).
( 14 markah)

BFC 2073 / BFC 2l r03

S4

(4,

Berikan TIGA (3) keadaan dimana lompalan hidraulik boleh bedaku dan
lakarkan profil ukurdalam air yang berkaitan dengan lompatan lompatan ini.
(6 markah)

s5

(b)

Sebuah saluran segiempat tepat dengan lebar 4.2 m mengalirkan air sebanyak
22 m'ls. Di suatu lokasi, cerun saluan berubah serta-merta dari 0.02 ke 0-001
Tentukan samada lompatan hidraulik akan berlaku dan sekiranya berlaku,
tentukan kedudukan lompatan hidraulik dan tenaga yang dilesapkan. (Diberikan
n = 0.013).
( l4 markah.)

(a)

Sebuah empangan hidraulik ialah kombinasi bebempa struktur hidraulik.


Huraikan fimgsi setiap stukhf tersebut.
(6 markah)

(b)

Satu pintu sluis aliran dasar telah dibina untuk mengawal paras ail dar juga
untuk mengelalkan penerobsan air laut. Saluan adalah berbentuk segiempat
tepat dengan lebar, b = 2.3 m. Halaju di bawah pintu sluis dan ukurdalam aL di
hulu ialah masing-masing 5.0 m/s dan 1.7 m. Kira kadar alir sekimnya tinggi
bukaan pintu sluis ialah 0.5 m, kedalaman aliran di hilir ialah 1.4 m dan pekali
kadar alir C6 ialah 0.598.
(7 ma*ah)

(c)

Sebuah sempak segiempat tepal dismpitkan seperti dalam Rrjah 55 digmakan


untuk mengawal aliran sebuah sistem pengairan. Kirakan kadar alir untuk
saluran ini.
(7 markah)

s6

(a)

Dengan bantuan gmf kadar alir Q melawan turus tekanan H, huraikan operasi
parn-pam yang dipasang secara sesiri dan selari.
(6 nar!.ah)

(b.)

Suatu kajian model sbuah pam empar memperolehi

ciri-ciri berikut :-

1200 ousinsan/min
0.91 m'/min

a
Il

47m
85%

Diameter pendesak ialah 50 cm. Jika pam prototaip brdiameter 0.8 m perlu
direkabennrk, tentukan :-

(D
(iD
(iii)

Kelajuan opemsi untuk penghantaran 0.1 rnr/s air.


Turus yang dapat dicapai pada alimn 0.1 m3/s.
Kuasa yang diperlukan untuk menggeraklan pam.

SOALAN
5

TAMAT

(14 ma*ah)

BFC 2073 / BFC 2t 103

APPENDIX I

FINAL EXAMINATION

:SEMII/20122013 PROGRAMME :2BFF


COURSECODS : BFC2073/AFC2ll03
Table Q2 : Chancteristica ofchrnnel constriction /
Jadual 52 : Ciriairi penggentingan salaran

SEMESTER / SESSION

COURSENAME :HYDRAULICS

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BFC 2071 / BFC 2r

l0l
APPENDIX

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMES'TER / SESSION

:SEM II

COURSE NAME

I2OI2I2O13 PROCRAMME :2BFF


COURSE CODE : BFC2073/BFC2ll03

HYDRAULICS

TABLE I JADAAL

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BFC 2073 / BFC 2l 103

APPENDIX

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER/ SESSION

.SEMII/2OI2DOI3

PROCRAMME

COURSE NAME

COURSE CODE

HYDRAULICS

2 BFF
BFC 2073 | BfC

TABLE I JADUAL
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FIGURE I NIJAH

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BFC 2073 / BFC 2l

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APPENDIX IV

FINAL f,XA]III NATION


SEMESTER/ SESSION

:SEMII/2OI2NO13

PROGRAMME

COURSE NAME

: HYDRAULICS

COURSE CODE

:2BFF

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