Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
2016
Bronzal, Lucile A.
INTRODUCTION
The solubility behavior of an organic compound is one of the most important factors in
performing reaction synthesis in molecules. Identifying its behavior is not only essential in
performing those reactions but also in recognizing whether a certain solute is soluble on a
particular solvent. Organic compounds structures are related to their solubility. Solubility is
scientifically defined as the ability of one substance to dissolve within another substance. The
simple rule in determining the solubility of a substance to another is like dissolves like and it
is based on the polarity of the systems. Polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents and non
polar molecules dissolve in non polar solvents.
The objectives of the experiment are to relate the solubility of organic compound to its
structure and to classify the organic compounds as water soluble (S1), ether soluble (S2),
strong acid (A1), weak acid (A2), base (B), neutral (N), miscellaneous neutral (M) and inert (I).
The following are the organic compounds use in the experiment:
Acetone is a colorless flammable organic solvent that dissolves in water. It has a molecular
formula of C3H6O. It is naturally produced by plants and tress but sometimes it is also a
breakdown product of animal metabolism. Acetone is known to be toxic in high doses
(Pubchem, 2016).
Aniline is a colorless oily liquid that is miscible with alcohol, benzene, acetone and most
organic solvents. It is also capable of being mixed with acids to produce combustible salts. Its
molecular formula is C6H7N (Merck, 1983).
Benzyl Alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) is a clear, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor that melts at
15 C and boils at 205 C. It is known to have strong polarity and limited water solubility.
Generally, it is used as a solvent for inks, paints, epoxy resin coatings and for chemical
reaction process as well (ChemicalLand21, 2016).
Benzaldehyde (C7H6O), is a clear colorless to yellow liquid that is water insoluble. This
organic compound is known to be hazardous in the environment that easily penetrates soil
that results to water contamination in nearby waterways (Pubchem, 2016).
Benzoic Acid is an organic compound that appears in the form of a crystalline solid with a
chemical formula C7H6O2. Its natural source is gum benzoin which comes from certain tree
barks. Benzoic acid is serves an important role in the food industry, personal care industry
and in medicine as well (APChemistry, 2016).
Benzamide is an off-white solid that was derived from benzoic acid containing a chemical
formula of C6H5CONH2. It was identified to be slightly water soluble as well as in many organic
solvents (European Bioinformatics Institute, 2016).
Ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol, is one among the many members of organic
compounds that are generally called alcohol. It has a chemical formula of C2H5OH. Its
importance is greatly acknowledged in industrial chemical for it is used as a solvent in
synthesizing other organic chemical. It is also water soluble (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016).
Hexane (C6H14), is a one among the few isometric volatile liquid alkanes that are usually
found in petroleum (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2016).
Phenol is a poisonous crystalline acidic compound that has a chemical formula of C 6H5. It
contains Hydroxide molecules that are present in the tars of coal that are used as a
disinfectant (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2016).
Tert-butyl Chloride, at room temperature exists in the form of a colorless liquid organic
compound. It is water soluble and it has a chemical formula of C4H9Cl (Pubchem, 2016).
Toluene (C7H8) is a colorless flammable liquid that smells like benzene. It is soluble in
acetone, ether, benzene and chloroform but not in water. It is known to be a hazardous air
pollutant and toxic air contaminant (Scorecard, 2016).
Sucrose or most commonly known as table sugar is a disaccharide (combination of
glucose and fructose) with the molecular formula C12H22O11. It often appears as a fine,
colorless crystalline powder with sweet taste that is soluble in water. It is well known for its
role in human nutrition and is produced by plants (Science of Cooking, 2016).
Structure
H 2O
Ethe
r
5%
NaOH
5%
NaHC
O3
5%
HCl
Conc.
H2SO4
Solubility
Classes
Acetone
S1
Aniline
-
Benzyl
Alcohol
Benzaldehy
de
Benzoic
acid
Benzamide
Ethyl
alcohol
S1
S1
Hexane
Phenol
Tert-butyl
chloride
A2
S2
Toluene
-
Sucrose
+
S1
Also, some of the reagents used are very hazardous in case of skin contact, eye
contact, ingestion and inhalation. Therefore, proper precautionary measures should be
observed when handling those hazardous reagents and should wear suitable protective
clothing.
compounds
by
Solubility,
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