Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
TowardsarealdeciphermentoftheIndusscript.
Vijayabhaarati
acknowledgements
references
1.Harappa.com
2.Archeologydaily.com
3.Dr.Asko parpola for his works
7. James Prinsep
Culture of Ancient
9. Ancient scripts.com
Luwian
14. http://www.taxguru.in/accounting/history-of-accounting-andaccounting-standards.html#ixzz0vMIuX0Tp
15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/334517.stm
Earliest writing found
16. Roy Davies & Glyn Davies, 1996 & 1999
A Comparative Chronology of Money
17. Colin Narbeth
Colin.Narbeth@btinternet.com
29.
http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/sarasvati/html/Corpusmain.htm
introduction
garta(throne)karsha
paNa.
msH=crocodile=maasha/saaNa
mSa=army=sena(army,body)=saaNa=
(taamra) ,
man .
Yava(yuga)/saaNa cf.
or
mrt-slaves-marta-
Sena(saaNa) is body.
10 sila= 1 ban
6 ban=1 bariga
5 bariga= 1 gur
Sumerian units of weight
180 Se=1 gin/shiqlu(Shekel cf.Karsha/Tola)
60 Gin=1 Mana(Mina=500 grams cf.paNa, mana,satamana
etc.)
60 Mana= 1Gu/Biltu(Talent,load-30 kg cf.go-cow)
The Manas(cf.mana=paNa=meTa=house,tower) and the gos
(cows,go-pura=meTa=tower) were the units of weights in
Sumeria and Harappa.
Indian Mana =100 SaaNas=4000 Rattis=485 grams . Italian
Maneh was equal to 341.077 grams.The Sumerian weight is
close to the Indian weight.The kings of Harappa used the
Tola bar as the standard weight whch was used as the
exchange.The issuing authority marked his stamp of words
assuring weight and purity.
The coins were exchanged for cowries.
Biblical mesurements of weight
1 Talent=60 Minas=120 Tartimars=750 Uncia=1,500
Sela=3,000 Shekels= either 4,000 or 3,000 Italian
Issars=6,000 Zuz (also called Dinar) = 12,000 Provincial
Sela=24,000 Perutahs 1Dinar = 4.5 grams
16 PaNas=1 DharaNa,16 DharaNa=1 Nishka;
; maaDa/maana(weight,measure), paada(feet,four)
, vaara(tail,water)
,viira
, haara
etc.
1 grain(yava/annam/kala/kiNa/agna /anga/maNi/sina/Se/ka/eka
=1 cf.Sumerian gin=sina/suuna/sada=body=sena=sha
,annam-grain,
ball-
.Masa-masssma/malla-face
sama-hand
=0.26 gram
PaNa(penny)Pencepenis(linga)cihna(mudra/aksha)
sinha(tiger/lion/king)panca(five)
count(number) cuuntu(point)cuntu(adhara-lip; ardha-half)
pala(weight)pound(weight) soundhound
(dog-its bark
is paNa)huNda(tiger,ram;its roar/bleat is paNa). PaNa(sound)
is penny.Word is money.PaNa is vila(price).Vaakinu vila
untu(his word has worth) shows word is money.Pence is
fence(sa-vaara-bhaara ) or angula(digit) .Pence is
panca(five) indicated by sinha(tiger/lion).It is the 5 Rattis/8
Rattis paNa(Maasha) of Harappa.
The pence/paNa being 5/king it is shown with lion figures
indicating its association with Harappa.The name Tower money
itself is of Harappan descent.
12 Pence 1Shilling .Shilling is ceiling(vaara-roof,viirahero,bhaara-weight,maaDa-weight,meTa-tower).The roof is the
saaNa(span) of 12 angulas.
Pound is kaNtha(throat),kuNda(pot),gaNda(bead,unicorn,best)
paNta(ornament),Pinda(mass),hunda(hound,tiger) etc.
of phaNa(naka-ornament,snake)
Another method is
1 grain of Rice=1 Viisa (biija- paada vasaa-vaasamaaTa/meTa cf.anna meTa-malla meTa)
= 0.0076 gram
cf.Millets/Panicum miliaceum Mal.caama/tina(dhaana-saaNanaasa)/sina(grain)/bhadrika(box myrtle or bayberrycf.Maltuuda-suura/jina) etc.
=0.0457 gram
64 Dhaanas(Wheat)=45 Yavas(Barley)
4 Dhaanas=1 Ratti=0.12125 gram
Raktaka or Ratti being rathii( a fighter in a chariot) and rati(sex)
symbols of fight and sex indicate weight.The Viira Bhadra
system of Harappa was used as Malla MeTa paNa system in
Kalinga and Viira Raaya paNa system in Kerala embodying the
same principle.
6 grains=1 paNameTa(paNa=hand,meTa-domebhadra
naaga(karaviira)=thumb,maaDa-weight
) =0.39 gram
baaNa,pa-vaN,sa-vaara,svarNa
) kanaka(gold)
kaNkaNa(bracelet,crest)-kuNdala(earring)
Sada(grain)
aNdika/ dhaana
maana/maasha/maada shadaka(six)
ashta(eight,ashta naaga)
cakra(circle,karsha,paNabhadra
) dasa(ten/shashty-
sixty)
sata(100)
satamaana(measure of
grain,measure of 100) or saaNa maana or saaNa bhaara or
saaNa paada
Aadyamaasha=5Rattis=15 grains15*0.065=0.975 gram
Dasamaasha=10Rattis(or 10.5
Rattis)=10*0.12125=1.2125gram.
20 grains(10 Rattis) = 1Suukaa(
cf.Mal.tuka-sum=Maasha of
10 Rattis;suuka-arrow cf.kaasuu-spear
money)=Scruple=1.3 grams
-spear
10 PaNameTa,
1 Drava(Dram
=fish=fist=mushti,usra/bhadra-bull/elephant) =
etc.)
pakshas(wings,phases).A naasa-nose
3 Rattis=1Andika(fireplace)
bull)
=1 Valla( cf.malla-palla-belly-
=0.364 gram
.Valla-nullu(pinch
cf.andika/harmya
=1Tak(tak-to bear)/Siki(sikya-scales-bhaara-maaDa
)/
Sikhi(Peacock)
head of deities.)
=3 Maashas= 1Sikhi(sikha-trident-3.Sikha on
=
2.91 grams
4 Maashas=32 Rattis=SaaNa(naasa-nose
house
,
,aasana-seat or
;baaNa/asanaa/suuka-arrow) paNameTa
=3.88 grams
)=1 Dhataka(
malla +
= 1Bhaari(Sinha-Tiger-
=11.64 grams
, ,
Mal.kalancu , , , , ,
maa-aksha,akshaangu-5) = 40 Rattis(80 grains) =4.9 grams.The tail-vaarabhaara-maaDa
is the Kalangu.It is 1/3 of a Karsha. The kalancikol was a very
common measuring rod .
Kala/tala/dhara/sina
grains)
=1/16 Tola=5Krishnalas(Krishnala=3
=1Maasha=15 grains.
3 Kalangu=1 Karsha (ka-tra,three heads=bha-dra=full,bull,gold)
Karsha or SuvarNa is gold of 16 Maashas or 80 Rattis=
80*3=240 grains=15.6 grams.
A Kalanja=10 Ruupakas=800 Rattis= 97 grams
30 paNameTa=1 Tola=2.5 Kalangu =11.7 Grams=3Dravas
30 Rattis=1 SaaNa /maaDa
=3.6 grams=1/8 Ounce of 480
grains or 240Rattis=29.1 grams(1/12 Pound)
2 SaaNa (1.5 Kalangu)=1 Kola(60 Rettis)=7.3 grams
Tola is higher weight,Kola is lower weight = common weight.
2 Kolas (3 Kalangus)=1 Karsha(1.5 Tola=120 Rattis) =14.55
grams=Shekel=1/24 Pound.
1/12 Pound is the Sukti(Ounce) and 1/24 Pound is the
Shekel(Karsha).
=58.2 grams
24 Karshas=12 Suktis=1Pound(PiNda-mass,kaNTha-throat
=adhara=lip=palacuntusound/count=349.2 grams.Roman
Pound/Italian Mina were from the common Kola and not
Tola.Thus 12 Kola Palas=2880 Rattis=349.2 grams.This was
the traders measure to give lower quantity and get higher
price.)
2
Palas(10 Tolas)= 1
(kara-handsara-
(poundsound;srava=ear,drava=nayana=mina-eye)
,go-nii
) is 2000 Palas.Thus
dhurya(best,bull)
::
cf.Sumer.sag-head,has-thigh,kas-trader
Mal.gaja-elephant,kaccavatam-trade,kata-shop.
Pancaamsa=5th part
shashtha=6th part
tRtiiya=trilava=3rd part
turiiyaardha =8th pat
dasama=10th part
jina=24
sina/kiNa-grain caturvimsa=24
catvaarimsat=40
24 Rattis is Tak/DharaNa,40 Rattis is SaaNa/aasana/naasa.
1Tola
, = 12 Maashas or 11.664 grams=
1Shekel/1Karsha/Rupee.
is
=2 Milligrams
netra(eyes)dharaNa(rice corn)
/tola /suula
bar varavaarakara
One Tael = 40 grams=4 Karshas=Pala.
Tael / Tahil (tail;vaarabhaaraweight,loma-loha-metal) can
refer to the Chinese weight and currency also.It is
equivalent to 10mace(
,shashty-
staff,club.
kan(eye-paNa)-kon(koNa)
Dhaara
,
-vishnu,debt =taara star
;bandha(barter)panca(five)vasna(price)Vishnu(paNa).
padma,bhasma,panca,punja
karsha paada,saaNa paada etc.caraNa-daraNa-split.
Panca(five)pucca(tail).
DharaNa
=sun
,bearing,
,rice corn,scales
,
taraNa(boat,sun)
,
,
,earth,female breast
.Dhara(tra,sara)-Na
Naa(cow)Anna(Tola).
dara/radavaaraviirabhaara.
Dasaka(consisting of ten)dakshahasta,dasa-ka(head,ten
headscf.RaavaNa with ten heads) .
Tanka(gold)kanakasankha(cowry)
Sunsumtama sama tulaadola
suura(svar-sun,tiger)
GaNdaka- A coin of the value of four cowries.
Pratika-A KarshapaNa or 16 PaNas of cowries
suula
Troy
dru(gold,tree)/vana(tree)/paNa(money,weight)
/phaNa(ornament),yava(baley)-japa(prayer)sava(sacrifice,corpse)-arka(worshipper).
Fluid weights
60 bindus=1 SaaNa(maaDa)=1teaspoon=3.55 ml=
8 SaaNa=1 Sukti
(pearl,cowrie,shell)=1 Ounce=28.4 ml
=1Pound= 8 Palas
2 Saraavas=1 Prastha
=32 Ounces=1Itangazhi=908.8 ml
=512
Malla
Malla is nalla(good),nullu(pinch,punch mark is pinch mark as
pinch is paNa) ,milli(little) and bull(valla,malla,viira,king).
Bull is bulla,purusha vyaaghra,purusha sinha etc.also.
Corn(yava-barley) has a horn.It is vaalgotambu or godhuuma
with a vaala-tail like the vaarapatra(leaf with a tail-Fig leaf).This
made it the favourite choice as the
viirabhadra/bhaarabhadra/mallamaaDa/kingsweightf or the
Bharadvaajas/viirabhadras who sport a tail on their
head(vaarabhadra) right from the ancient Anatolian
period.Hence it is the bull indicating weight.The world follows
their choice even today.
Yavajapa(prayer)sava(sacrifice)
sha/sa/Se/sina+ va
6 Maasha/ SaaNa
=6 Maasha/SaaNa paNa(semicircle=ma=paNa
kaparda,
,kapardaka,kapardi,kapardik,kapardika,
dyuutabiija,
paNaasthika,
varti, varaata,varaatika,varya,
kriidana,baala kriidanaka.
paNaasthi,
baala
sroNa,suuna/sina-grain)
druvaya-measure)
DroNaasrayaa(Kutapaadi-
sroNaasraya(sinhaasana yavabarley)avaraNa(covering)
aabharana(ornament)phaNa(ornament)bhuushana
(ornament) bhojana(food)
aahaara(food)haara(garland,chain)
bhaara(weight)vaara(tail) viira/malla/musali(hero).
Dhaatu,loha(metal,red metal),siisa(lead),kamsa(metal,bell
metal),kamsaka(bell metal),kamsiiya(bell metal),kupya(base
metal),Sripaati(base metal),ghosha(bell
metal),ayas,taijasa,lauha,svarNaja(tin),riiti(bell
metal),riitikaa(bell metal),lohottama(best
metal),ghoraghushya(bell metal),taamraardha(bell metal),
Dravya(bell metal),piitakaavera(bell metal),pittala(bell
metal),prakaasa(bell metal),prakaasaka(bell metal),ravaNa(bell
metal),lohaja(bell metal),retya(bell metal)vidyutpriya(bell
metal)saasthitaamraardha(bell metal)sauraashtra(bell
metal),suurmi(metal image),anyaloha(brass
metal),anyahaka(brass metal),ropaka(weight of a metal or coin)
Ashtadhaatu(eightmetals),paviira(weapon with ametallic point)),
Akshara(indelible mark incised on metal or stone),pattra(any
thin leaf of metal or gold),sandhaana(foundry),baka(apparatus
for subliming metals),Ghana(metallic instrument which is
struck(cymbal,bell,gong etc.cf. kaNa on vaara paatra
, open
)-Nandi(
)-MaaDa,Surabhi(Kaamadhenu-cow-go-sun;suravi=paNa),MaaDa,GaNda(cheek-malla-mukha-kuNda-kuNdikunta
(
)-MaaDa,Kulottunga( )-MaaDa;GandhavaaraNa
Maatanga)-MaaDa,Caamara(Yak,taamra-copper,Ratti)-
MaaDa,Gandhahasti(
)-MaaDa,Padmanidhi( ) -GaNda-
MaaDa,Padmanidhi-Malla(
)-MaaDa etc.Padmanidhi is a
sacred deposit in the temple Treasury(cf.the Harappan deities
in the padmaasana or bhadraasana indicate kshetra/temple
GaNda/AnnaMaaDa is called
paNa).
KaarshapaNa,Nishka,and GaNda-Nishka also.
Some scholars believe that the MaaDa was a piece of gold of
weight of 40 Rattis and not a stamped coin.
,
SaaNa(maapaNa-maanava-maana)-paada( of
SaaNa cf.Mina,Miinai-Siinai)=one fourth of the SaaNa
is the Suuka or Maasha.
The Rashtrakutas who ruled Malwa during the sixth to the tenth
) weighing
mace-maasha
) weighing
symbols
) with
) of 1.25 grain.
hun(paNa,pon=suvarNa)
Original gold Karsha=57.6 grains.
Gold fanams=tenths of Karsha= average 5.75 grains.
Gold coins of ancient india
1/10 hun or fanam=5.28 grains=
1 hun or Varaaha
or Pagoda=52.8 grains
1 Karsha=57.6 grains
Suvarna=72 grains
1 Suvarna=144 grains
1 Nishka or Pala or Satamana=576 grains.
Square Silver karsha=Purana(old.)The palm is square.
Round Greek Drachms=New money.
spear, staff,
ass,camel,the quill of a
Sala= dart,
porcupine,a measure of length.
Salaaka(shatka,salka,sulka,kalasa) is name of coins.
cf.Hebrew Sela/Selaim.
Salaaka
a stick,
spear,
rib,
bar of a cage or window, a piece of bamboo
borne by mendicants and marked with their name ,
porcupine,
shoot or bud,die,towel,
,Cycas
pana is paNa/maasha/saaNa
paNa) and
a sprout or
case is cash/paNa/SaaNa),
brush,a finger,toe,
Taala or
Sala(ass,garja-
jaala/jaalaka(mesh-maasha/masa-weight)
.Salaaka shows
slaagha(praise-price-paNa).
Saa/salaaka/taala/kharjura(silver,Date palm,Arjuna
The money coins issued by the Kerala kings were called Viira
raaya faNam.
dot(ra=kha=sha=Ta
dot(ra=kha=sha=
, ,
, ,
) + c+
)=
) with the
Dru(srii)-scorpion-gold,bhadraasana=dots,sinha(king) or
sinhaasana (throne) is shown by the claws.4 dots indicate ayagain,good luck(Ya-Srii-Lakshmi);number 4(4 kunni-Rattisweight of the coin).
Raaya has aya/Ya with him.
The weight of the gold fanam = 4 Kunni(Ratti) =1/10
SaaNa=0.485 gram.
Maur (Mohr) a seal, was a gold coin of value 15 or 16 rupees.
The English Tower weights.
M308
suurpa=sarpamukha/naagamukha
kha/va
paNa/Tola
Na
bhadraasana panca-pramaaNa
musali/malla/saa/dara
maaDa/maasha
Na/paNa
malla/valla//naga/8
PraveNi(hair bun)pramaaNi(malla)pramaaNa(parimaaNameasure)praNiivi-fund.
saa
Pala
Na(cf.sena
samraaja paNa/maaDa
sa-na-kha=sankha/sinha medha
panca saana
suurpa-nakha-pramaana ganta meta
suurpanakha/suurpa-nava - panameta
naaga-8
Suurpa
.Suura(tiger) is
svar(garja/maa/go/sarpa).Svar(go,naaga/naga) is
srii/sara/adhara/caapa/vaaca(go)/baaNa/vaaNi/dhanu/naada/
maaDa etc.Two tigers+man=two bows/ +man =svarNa(gold)hari-Na(gold).
nakha=nava
The contest(malla medha/yuddha) motifs indicate Malla meTa
paNa. Bhaara was associated with hair ,
and yashti
and
How did the cow become the unit of money in the veda?
PaNa (money,barter,market,gaming,price,praise,prize) is
rava(sound,sun).
Rava(sound,sun) given ruupa(form) is mudra(citra-picture).
Thus
va/pa+ va/pa+
sa=
vaasa-housepaada-foot,
bhaara(weight)maaDa(weight)meTa(storied house)
vaasa+
ma/na
vaasana(house,box),
vesma(house) bhaajana(vessel)paashaaNa(weighing
stone) smasaana(paNa-bali-pitRitarpaNa)asma(stone)
masa(mass)maada(weight).
.
.PitRibali
da/sha
aa+
maada(weight),maasha(weight)
da/sha
maada(weight),maasha(weight)
naamamaanamaamu(three)aum3srii(sun,fire)
rati(sex)
mudra(seal,identity)surata(sex)suurya(sun)
maada/arka(worshipper,copper,12,sun) +
vana(tree)
vana(leaf,tree)/
(paNa-house,vana-tree)
baaNa/vaara(arrow,paNa-
bhaara-maaDa-meTa)
vanameTa(paNameTa,each
cakra-circle is a paNa/karsha)
Like the maa(go) or me(got),mans sound is Sa/A(the open
mouth) indicated as
.Aa(go-cow,buffalo)
is aama(yes,aum),
maa(measure,go),me(barter,aja-ram),aasa(wish,face,seat) and
saama(raama-raaja-king).
Change asva hRadaya to aksha hRdaya.
AkshahRdaya-asvahRdaya vana- paNa mantra story is in
vana(paNa) parva of Mahabharata.It is high time serious
students of the Indus script properly understood the concept of
aksha(mudra)hRdaya leaving behind the hypothesis of the
asva(horse)hRadaya.HRadaya is mind and kriida(paNa-game
of dies,game of akshas /mudras/scripts).AkshahRdaya enables
one to understand the number of leaves on an aksha/ paadapa/
vana/ (vriksha-tree,paNa-chess) without actually counting it.
Nala-king of Nishadha- learned the secret of akshahRdaya
from RtuparNa whereby he was able to defeat Kali in
akshdyuuta(paNa) and regain his lost kingdom.
Akshahridaya is the technique of reading of the akshas or
mudras or rupas in relation to lunisolar phenomena and
making stories out of them.Many beautiful stories of Hindu
mythology were created thus.
Aksha(mudra,eye,snake,grain,Karsha,gaja,uksha,aakaasa,saa
ka,saakha,sikha,aga-sha/sa,vriksha)
being pada(word,4,wood,foot,food,god)
,
,
::
etc.
Akshata(virgin,barley,rice;aksha-ta/sa;aksha-snake,ukshabull,gaja-elephant,ta-tail is sa-snake,shadka-six,sataka-
,
,
,
,
are units of weight and grain
kept for sacrifice.Akshaja(is knowledge or
Vishnu).Akshara(uksha-ra;aleph-bet;asva-pada;akshapaadaGotama) is alphabet.Yava(akshata) is
naaga(uraga,araNa,nakra,palli,maNda,hari,phaNa,gaja
,
etc);nabha ,nava
,9; vana
etc.
-asva-uksha-ukha-
mukha-vaac,vaak-vaaha-akshahRdayaasvahRdaya
Akshaglaaha
is paNyaajiiva(trader,gambler)
anga .
Sara is sira(head)=ka/sa=
sva/vasu.
Hence kanaka svarNabhagayaagayava(ya-va/bhabull)bhadra(gold,bull,king)drava(fish,dram)dru(tree,gol
d)srii(gold)haaTaka(gold)haataka(maarakiller,sinha,nakragold etc.)
Maa is paNa(garja-roar) of pasu(cattle and animals) or
vasu(sun,gold).MaapaNa is scale and maanava(man
ounce),hands,hips(hip=ma,ta
(jangha-Tanka)
(cf vaara-
(pada-
).
Mh=cubit=maa-measure.
bhadra
as
is viira bhadra
itself(vaarapaanapaaNakara)+cakra/bhadra/patra
vaara-
border bhadra-knot
vaara=cap=phrigian cap)
(king itself,bhadra-head
,
(drubhadrapatradravafish,bird,bull,leaf)
dotbaala/vaara/water/vara
dvi-vaara-nasuvarNa.
::
= vaaha
64 prasthas,horse,hand,bull
(catu: yuja:ushtraan
) and Yadus and thereby spread his
glory in the heavens.RV.8.6.46-48.
catur yuja ushtra-300 daasa bhaara or caturyuga ushtra-200
daasa(headless)-100 bhaara=malla-angula/bhaara-16-maasha8tola
Caturyuja ushtraan might be four maasha making a SaaNa or
four karsha making a Pala.Caturyuga =4*2=8 is
ashtanaaga/ashtavasu and Ushtra is go(eye, word).
These gifts were too heavy a load to be carried by a person if
we take them literally.Hence these might be contributions by a
king to another king. Or the 100 asses,100 sheep,100 dasasslaves were synonyms by way of the exchange values of the
Nishka.Several seals of IVC use the same technique as we
shall see later.
SaaNa(9*40*.12125=43.65 grams)
daana(gift)dhaana(grain) naada(paNa).
This could the Kings gift of Cows to the sages.
Measures of grain or weight of metals were denoted
names of animals as indicators of paNa(sound,count).
The cow(go) itself is the bull and asva(asma-metal).
M896
Tola(80 Rattis)
(sama-
hand,zama-equal,sum;aa-cow,buffalo,aama-maa-go)1
SaaNa(40 Rattis;sena-body) (aama-cow,yama-2,maameasure) 2 bhadra(king,metal,stone)/kala
(stop/king/stone/metal/pari )
paashaaNa(stone
weight,mahisha=maada=maaTa=lords
house,maatambi,maadrii/maadra,madhura,madiraa=liquor)/
maada/meTa/maada-ra=maatra /maatira(elephant,maatanbilord)parimaaNa/pramaaNa (measure,standard,mahisha=mahisha). Kudava(4 tuTas) is a Pagoda.
Tolaa(weight)-Taamra(copper,Ratti)-maana(malla,measure)
The unicorn is su(good)-kara(trunk,tax,hand) indicating
suuka/maasha(10 Rattis-scruple).Four suukas or maashas
make a saaNa(naasa-nose,aasana-seat;sa-aana-gods
nose;se-anna-grain)
indicate
bhaara(paaNa-vaahu-maana-bahumaana/vaara/haara/kaara
-paNa-praise,price;vaha-bull,hand= va= go=aa) yashtiweighing rod or metallic bar or stone of the indicated
weight.Bhaara is often linked to hair(vaara,baala,kaca,kesa) as
it is of the low weight(milli-malla-annam) and kaca/kesa(hair) is
kaaca(scale) and gaja(elephant,suuka or maasha).
ukha(pot;u-siva,kha-ravi-sun)hu(sacrifice,ha=khasky,sun) homa(sacrifice)yaaga(sacrifice,agasun)bali(sacrifice,Mal.vila-price)paNa(vila-price,arkasun,argha-price,arca-sacrifice)maha(mahishabuffalo)makha(sacrifice)mukha(vadana-face,vasanahouse,price;vacana-word;sma-face;sava-corpse;sivaauspicious,god; sana-elephants ears,food;samaequal,hand;paNa-price;sina-grain,body,morsel;sila-stone;fallen
rice grains;tila-sesame;sam-happiness)moha(wish)
cf.mohavila(wished price) and mukhavila(face value).Wish is
praise.Praise is prize.Prize is price for the wish.
deha(Da)/anga(body/agna-fire,number 1)
/maa(measure)/maana(measure) +
ukha(va/ma)mukha/malla
mukhavaara(front of the
house)mallamaaDa Tanka(cf.
=nagasvarTa)kanaka(naka;Mal.Tanka-gold,
ashtaapada-gold, ashta pruuTa-weight,puruda-gold,purushaman,hence
pala/gold/TankadurgafortmaaDameTa-villa-malla)gnaa/kanaa(woman
cf.bhadra
-gold,woman,bull,cipher-10.Bhadra is made
sulka,kanya is sulka/Durga
,
) suNga(vata
tree,awn of corn,calyx);saNgha(fight cf.fight with lions or heroes
as in M-308, K-65 etc.) sankha(cowry)sangha(group
(anga-eka-
1,aa,ma,maa)+
/
panca(5)/shat(6)/ashta(eight)/dasa(ten)/shodasa(16)/sat
a/sataruupa(many forms)/satamaana(measure).
kala(a,ra,sa) sa(a,ma,angu) ta(tail)
taala(kara-angu,kala-palm,hala-plough;rhythm with hand
clap) Ta/Da(sound)dakka(Mal-idakka-drum,tak-
sound)damaru(drum)
dam-rava(sound)ta tarikata
tom paNa(rava-sound)kala-angu(measure) , ,
6+2=8.8+8=16.Shatanga(Mal,catangu-ritual) is veda.Like
the thumb which is taken as two,the head is taken as two
limbs to make shat(six)
kalaa maa/caamara/taamra/samara/dasa/dasra/
rajata
maa(measure,maashamaa-Se/sha
),maapaNa
(
,
,
scale,maanava-man) and money(the cows and
bulls and the weight systems used by the IVC ,
Mesopotamia (which included the
Sumerian,Akkadian,Babylonian,and Assyrian empires) and
Egypt ,it points to such a conclusion.
There is remarkable coincidence between the names of the
weight units which may be due to the latter two civilisations
adopting the standards of the IVC traders for buying goods
imported from them.The fundamental tool for counting and
weighing was the open palm(carpata,capeta,samhatala is two
open palms joined together)
(mushTi,
dbn
Egyptians measured their weights in terms of the deben
( dhvana/svana/svar-sound,pinda-mass;naada-sound;poundcount-sound). This unit was equivalent to 13.6 grams in theOld
Kindom and Middle Kingdom indicating its relation to the Indus
weighing system.It is the same as the shekel and the common
Harappan karsha weight. During the New Kindom this was
revised to 91 grams in line with the Persian style. For smaller
amounts the qd.t (kite -1/10 of a deben,karsha) and the shts(
shematy -1/12 of a deben,mushti-fist,maasha-weight) were
used.
The Harappan cities were administered by the Vedic Samitis
and Sabhas which led to the uniformity of Harappan artefacts
as evident in the pottery, seals, weights and bricks. Standard
weights were used throughout the region.
Harappans used weights and measures for commercial as well
as building purposes. They used standardised metal foils and
stones. Weights and measures were graded to a very high
degree of accuracy. Numerous articles used as weights have
been discovered. The weights proceeded in a series, first
doubling from 1, 2, 4, 8 to 64 and then in decimal multiples of
16(cf.shodasaSudaasasu-raajadasa - ten) to indicate
royal approval.. Several sticks graduated with measuring
marks have been discovered. The Harappans were inventors of
the linear system of measurement with a unit equal to one
angula (inch).Some of the weights are so tiny that they could
have been used by jewellers to measure precious metals.
http://harappa.com/indus/21.html
Weights, Harappa.
www.Harappa.com
Cubical weights in graduated sizes. These weights
conform to the standard Harappan binary weight system
that was used in all of the settlements. The smallest
weight in this series is 0.856 (7 retti=1
maasha)grams(maashamaanamaatra-measure)
and the most common weight is approximately 13.7
grams(karsha/tola), which is in the 16th
ratio(cf.karsha=16 maasha from the garta and
bhadraasana/bhadra-asma).The 12
maasha(10.272grams) karsha is the shekel of the Bible.
In the large weights the system shows a decimal
increase (dasa-ten,raaja-king) where the largest weight
is 100 times (satamaana) the weight of the 16th ratio in
the binary system. These weights were used for
2/10/20/100(sata),
3/15/30/1000(sahasra),
5/25/50/100000(laksha),
shaTka-hexa-6,
4/20/40/10000(ayuta),
6/30/60/1000000(prayuta) ,
aksha(Karsha,3 Kalangu
)-cakra (cakarahand;shaTka-6;Karsha) maNdala(circle) etc.
ma-shad(six)masta(head,measured)
matsa(fishmaanamana-60paNa-housemanahouse)mushti(fist,
kaasi,paNa)sashty(sixty)samata(equality,balance)
samaja(assembly of animals)
,
sa(1)
srii(suura/svar -sun)
3 .Hence
can have
karNa(srava-ear)
mudra(mukha
mudra,kings face
srava-ear,druvaya-measure)
=6.Aaru(six) is aatu(aja-mesharam).Aarumukha(Subramanya)
aatumukha(ajamukha,maatumukha-Molekh-Muruka)
sa+sa=sasa/sata/dasa/shad(6)sama = sana/sina
sinajina(sun,24)sila(stone)tila(sesame)
/aavaraNa
is
phaNa/paNa/nakra/mukula(bud),makuTa(crest)
6 (tree,DroNaDroNaacaarya-drumaasraya)+
drumamatsyaahvaya-16
16.
ANda(egg) kaNtha(throat)kuNda(pot,bottom)
khaNda(cut,part,drop)gaNda(cheek,drop)gandha(smaell,
bindu-kalabha/kalaapa-little)ghaNda(bell)
paNta(ornament)piNda(mass)maarttaaNda(sun)
bandha(bond)sandha(market,agreement)paNa(market,agr
eement)panca(five)sinha(tiger)
camari(tail) is luu(cut)-Ta(tail)luuta(spider,ant) ,
luu-na(tail)lo-ma(ro-ma)lo-ha(metal)tala(palm
leaf)hala(plough)
+ +
aNda/gaNda/musala/matsa/ratna/rasana/saaNa etc.
The metal is cut to make coins(coils-phaNa) and
ornaments(phaNa).The tail
is cut to make fan(paNa). The gauli cuts its tail to escape from
enemies.The cut tail dances like a phaNa-snake.Thus the lizard
by its tail,by its nakra/uraga/ugra/arka form and by its
paNa(sound) is paNa/phaNa/aabharaNa ruupa/ruupya itself.
is money itself.
maa(no,) is na(no), maana or maapaNa(maa-not,paNacoitus is maapaNa).Ma/ta is the seat of sin(hence maa-do not
sin).Lion(sinha) on ma is linga in ma , which is
ghaNda/kuNda indicating gaNda/Tanka/saaNa which is
mada(coitus) and maaDa or maasha.The musala-club in the
pot is the penis in the act of coitus which is counting or
sounding or weighing.
: :maa/aaya is
kaa/ke/kha/a/ya/aya/yaa.Kha or khamaNi/khacara/khecara is
the sun and kesara(gold)/kaasara(buffalao).Ya+sa+na
yajana(sacrifice) is asana(food)/asma(stone) /
aksha(karsha,die,snake).
(paada-vaaha-bull)
triNa(pala-bull)
na(aNda/khaNda/gaNda cf aNda kataka/ghatakaaNda
kataaha-the universepaatra-jarmaatramaasha)tra/meTa/gandha(sectarian mark of
trident)/gaNda/kaNa(bubble,drop;bhitta-part is vitawealth)netra/maatra/mudra/Indra sa-netra(candrasamudra-sugandha) saha-trasahasra(three ciphers) .With
mukha(100) it is sahasra mukha(1000 faced), sata makha(100
sacrifices) etc. all names of Indra.Satamakha is satamana
or
100
as in
.Weight of 10000 barley grains is 650 grams and
10000 wheat grains is 500 grams(mina) and 10000 Ratties is
1212.5 grams.Musali(paLLii/nakra/spear/mace/penis) is the
barleycorn(unicorn).Kataka is a chain for the wrist or loin.
Kataka
is shatka
also.
In fact
-bhaara-maaDa-maasha is 4 fingers or four legs(two
each of male and female) making maa/maana.Bond of sex is
bond of paNa
and indicate panda(mass).
Maashamaa
+sa(a)/sha(Se)/na maa(roar,measure)
go(cow,animal,sun,eye) paada(foot,4th )
maara
aara)
maana/mana
vaara(tail,cup,roof,water)
paNameTa
etc.PuraaNa/VaraNa,VaraaNa-
or dva-asta-
and the
(the thumb at top and the fingers below ) and the ball
The thumb-angushtha(angu-hand,stha-seat the thumb,angulanahusha-nakula-Siva,Siva cut the head of Brahma with the
fourth finger)-is the head or hood of the snake.It is denoted by
the naaga(best,excellent,the high,the sky) symbol(cf.the inch
symbol) in the scripts to indicate its two phalanges or it being
considered as two fingers because of its large size and there
is a one finger gap between the thumb- angushtha,anguli,
vRidhaanguli,karaviira etc. and the index and its elevated
position in the palm close to the wrist or because all other
fingers work like its servants or attendants.
In the fist the four fingers form the four coils(bhuja) of the
thumb snake as (each dot being a circle
of the finger with
the thumb.Sarpa-snake is bhadra-king,bull,circle.The thumb
being bhadra naaga-king cobra/ Sesha naaga- is bhadraasanathe throne and the thumb impression denote the king.It being
the king of circles is king of kings(go-tamaGautama) and king
of bulls(go-tamabhadraasvaBharadvaaja).
The thumb is the inch(angula/angushtha- the breadth of the
thumb- inch;breadth of 8 barley corns or length of 3 barley
corns is also considered as inch.)The derivation of the inch(
) from the Latin uncia as 1/12 part of the feet (
aksha or prime) may be a later development though Latin is
the direct sister or daughter of Bharata and Latin terms will be
of great use to bring in a fuller comprehension of the Indus
script. The Egyptian measurement of the inch is also from the
thumb. cf.kala/aksha/ra circle,axle,eye,die,snake,karsha,number five(4 sides + vertical
one) - is paada-foot can be seen from
paada,Loma paada,bhadra paada etc.
Aksha(wheel,snake,eye)arka(the
Aksha
sun)bhadra(wheel,king,bull)loma(tail-that which is
cut)roma(hair-that which is cut or shorn)luuma-luuna-that
which is cut off,a tail-a part a piece that is cut off from the
metal block to make the bar or coin of standard weight.The bar
is phaNa-vaara-tail-snake .The coin is its coil .Hence coins
were provided with central holes to make the coils that
facilitate collection as strings or chains(haara-garland,karihand,hari-snake,lion,tiger,the
sun,bull,pearl,man,yellow,green,brown,Indra,Vishnu,Siva;
carrying,bearing,wearing).
Angu being being ambu-(ma-water,four,number) and
la/sa(angu-la,ankusa-hook) 3*8
langula-tail;langala-
plough,penis;
langali-snake,whence the angula thumb is
portrayed as the erect tail and snake.The Yak often runs with
its tail erect making it the bhadra naaga- bull snake or bull
elephant.
MushTi(fist,paNa) is matsa(fish ), masta(head) , dasma(lord)
a dasam(ten cf.Ten kings,Ten
commandments),stoma(sacrifice) , stoma(96 inches cf.96
Rattis of the Tola) etc.MushTi is mu/mi/ma/na(bind)ashta(hasta-eight).But ma/na is dasa(ten,doshand)/sara(5,arrow,water).
,
In this eight dasa-tens make asiiti-eighty.Thus the
mushti itself is the karsha-garta-bhadraasanabhadranaaga.Alternatively these may show A bar of 4
angushtha-4 inch;dara and cara is cowry.Hence a 4 inch bar of
8 gunja=1 maasha may be indicated.Drishti is aksha-nayananetra-the eye. Netra is Indra-Dinar which is paNa itself.Sara
paNa is SaravaNa/suvarNa).Interestingly a Dinar is a half
shekel or zuz.Bhadra(Mal. Pattu-ten) is full ( bull,puurNa) or ten
indicating the ten digits.Bhadra is the cipher.It is the cipher that
makes the tens.This cipher is seen in the body of the fish
with four fins. 10*4=40.40 Ratties make a half karsha(4.85
grams) or cakra from the split bow/paw/single palm.Two
bows make a circle or karsha.
Two bows are two paws or pavs or divisions.
cakra(karsha) (sara-ardha-half-5)+ (sara-ardhahalf-5)bhadra(full;sarpa-circle,coil;sarva-full;va-two,ardhahalf,adhara-lip/hip;bhaj-divide,racircle)tenbhaara(weight)maaDa(weight).Netra(king,eye,s
acrifice) is Indra,maatra. DharaNa(Drachma) or Dinar.DharaNa
being identical to Greek
Drachma(from drssesthai to grasp making it a handful
which is the same as paNa-mushti-fist-handful).The Dinar or
Denarius ( Lat.denii-containing ten from its value of ten asses)
is the ten and the symbol of ten is
dasa(dospaNaravaraajasa) which is vaara(cup)-paatra(cup)bhadra(bull,full,ten)-paana(cup)-paNa(price,praise,trade).
=2.
Ga
sun,rays,hand ,
indicating paNa.PaNasvaahasvasti
namaha(paNa-praise).Mushti is gabhasti(kaasi/paNa).
Ravi(the sun)
arka(sun,copper)argha(price)kara(hand,tax)khara(haraass) paNa(money,the sun,bet) makara(croc)mahira(the
sun)go
(gira,cattle,eye,sun,star,water,star etc)
Kaashta=rod,measuring rod
tribhuja=three hasta/paada.
three hasta=3*8=24
) and Druvaya(jars
Maanava(man ) is maana(measure
scales,measure).
,
,
).
) and maapaNa(
Standard weights located at Harappa(Meadow and Kenoyer 2005) were found with indications of administrative controlsbutton seals , a clay sealing and a seal depicting the elephantindicating temple control.One of the weights weighed 1.7
grams(14 gunjas).
by the
also in the IVC seals to show aja(the
king).PRitha(vrisha-bull) is the flat or palm of the hand(the
unicorn is the pRitha with the thumb/index up).It is a measure
of 13 angulis also.
From the Arthasaastra of Kautilya we can see that
balance
was called a Samavritta
,
.For weighing
upto 100 palas a metal rod of weight of 35 palas and length 72
angulas(inch) were used and marks were made using 1
karsha and 5 pala weights.The marks of the fives were
indicated by the Nandi-swastika mark. For weights above
hundred palas a rod of weight 70 palas and lenth of 96 angulas
were to be used.
Thus swastika
as in H182a
indicating one
garja(maa-go,karsha) bhaara maapana(measure,scale) and
H182b
ajagajaaksha ratti(abrus)vrisha(bull)
Pala(weight) PaNa(bhaaraweight)phaNa(ornament).Ornaments/coins were of fixed
weight of metals or pearls.
SaaNa paNa(praise,price) or the three as maa+pa+Na
make maapana(measure) of Karsha/Pala. Pala is
dasa(ten,meat). Two bhujas
bhadra(bull,king) or
bhadra(10 sides=10).Pala-anga or
scale is called kaLaNji kol
in Malayam.Kol is the rod and Tola/Karsha.The jhasa(fish)
symbol
is maa-mas-mass-Maasha-saaNa(stone) and a
three dimensional ball of piNda(mass).Thus scales were to be
calibrated using the Karsha saaNa(stone) and the Pala
saaNa(stone).
The eye is a mouth or cowrie or araNi..The two eye lids form
the two lips of the mouth /lids/lobes of the cowrie/araNI.The
food ball(morsel) in the mouth is the eye ball inthe eye.
10 dharaNas(saaNa)=1Pala,100 Palas=1 Tulaa and
20 Tulas=1 Bhaara(lion,drum;vaara-tail).By this time the
weight of the DharaNa was reduced to 1/10 Pala
instead of the earlier 1/8 Pala.
Sakata(shatka,cakra
) is 2000 Palas.
=40
Maamsa(pala-paala-baala-paNa-rava-vara-vaala-vaara) being
maa(measure)-amza(shoulder)
m324b
White tail of the Yak was a royal insignia. From Wikipedia
The sun at the four cardinal points of the year linked to his day
positions were used to create feasts.Thus the Winter Solstice is
against Noon when the sun(son) is in the south and the
heavenly father desceds into the earth as the tail(the Sed,sutason) .The sun then slowly rises to the north denoted as the
Pongal(rise-the festival of the winter solstice in Tamilnadu).The
Spring Equinox is against the setting sun,where the king is
sacrificed(sunset) and he resurrects as the rising Sun(son).He
has made a visva(universe)- vijaya(victory) having successfully
completed a cycle-daksha-cakra of the year around the
universe!The asva(avasa-sun,bull) at Mesha(Aries) is asva
mesha or asva medha.The king issued a new coin at this time
to indicate the asva maaDa (kings weight).
The Summer Solstice is against the midnight sun of the north
where the moon gods ( chadra vansa )are born.The Autumn
Equinox is against the rising sun of the east where the female
gods are worshipped as the annual sun begins to wane and the
days go short.The rising sun being the remover of night is the
remover of sins ,evils and ignorance.
The Feasts of various world religions coincide with this cycle
followed by the IVC.
Asva medha was celebrated in Egypt in the form of the Sed at
which the old king was said to be killed and eaten.The old king
who was slain and eaten was Daksha the year(varsha)vrisha(bhadra-asva-bull,king).Daksha was slain by
Rudra(Bhadra-Siva,bull,kaala-time,bull,varsha-vrisha.) .The
Mitra(Rudra) is portrayed as the bullslayer and Mitra
worshippers used to sacrifice the bull and eat its flesh as in the
vedic asva(king,bull,sun) medha. Killing the king and eating him
will remove sins as the sun removes night and the night slowly
recedes in duration from the Winter Solstice to the Summer
Solstice..
Capricorn is the lamb eaten at the first Passover from
Sagittarius to Capricorn giving the Winter Solstice.
For the noon sun the solstice is his tail.This is the soma
sacrifice as soma(luuna-tail) the moon rules tama-the night.
In the second Passover the sun is at Aries-mesha-usha-ajaPrabhaata-prapada-vrishabha-asva.
Aja(sa-iisa-lord) is mesha and the king.Vrishabha is the bull.
The asva is avasa(sun,king).Bhadra(bull,king,Siva) as asva is
bhadraasva(bull/king of kings).The asva(bull)
is sacrificed and eaten to denote the death of the old year
and the birth of the new year.It is the symbolical killing of
and its
Harappa.com
pala/malla/maasha-3-parimaaNa-drankshaa/drakshaNa(tola)
patra/vart(barter,worth) Sina dronapaNa-3karsha-maana/maasha- draunika/dranksana
=0.195 gram
-Ta-tailtaila-oilSe.
kiNa(corn)/anna(corn)=Se sa+
ma/pa/ca+
ka/a+Na
na/eSe.
na/e
maa/me/Se/sina/jina/nama/paNa
ma/ca+
sha=
ka/sa/da/pa=
=
Se/saa/saada(rice)/panca/phaNa(serpent hood,expanded
side of the nose, a stick shaped like a serpent
hood,having the fingers shaped like a serpents
hood)/phaNi(snake)/phaaNi(sugar)/maashaka/nishka
(Pala=4 Karsha. Nishkam vaagha krinavate RV.8.47.15)/
kshaNa (moment,30 kalas)/saaNa(40 Rattis=4
dasa=4*10)
Maada(weight) is mukha(face,kha=sha=ha=na),
naama(aahva,aahvaya name),mana(paNa-house),
mesha(ram;memaa-roar,measure),makha(medha-samaapasacrifice), mahaa(mahisha-buffalo=maa/me),hema(gold),
meTa(maalika-storied building) ,
sammaa RV.3.1.15;5.4.2
to measure/ mete out,distribute,bestow etc.
GaNda(face,best,malla) is
kuNda(pot),garta(throne),guda(bottom),dahana(agnafire,one;ayas-gold,copper born by smelting) etc.
In fact
sha/ad/ud/svar/Se=naaga=kha=
8 Maashas =1 SaaNa(maana-sena-naasa)
Thakhad(to eat)
,
2 SaaNas =1SuvarNa
Tola / 1Tolaka
/Tolaa/1 Karsha
/1Aksha
,
/DraNkshNa/draksha ,
/Badara
,
or
zizyphus-jujube because of the red seeds like the red Rattis/
(Badarabhadra Thus SaaNa=40 Rattis)=Tolaa.
Aksha is snake.Cakra is sarpa and karsha.
HiraNyaaksha is one with a golden eye or simply
aksha(karsha) of hiraNya(gold)=SuvarNa itself.
Maatira(elephant,madira-liquor)maatra(measure)maatanga
(maa-Tanka;maasha-anka;Tanka is four Maashas.)
4 SuvarNas=
,
1Pala(320 Ratties)=Nishka(320
Rattis).Alternatively 4 maashas make a saaNa.
10 Palas=1 DharaNa(3200 Ratties)
For Silver
2Rattis=1 Maashaka(ka=small).Hence 1gold=2.5 silver.
16 Maashakas=1 DharaNa/PuraaNa(=40 Rattis)
10 dharaNa=1 Satamaana(400 Rattis)
For copper
=1 Pala
(Tola/satamana cf-100,anga-body-sa-1 )
(Yava/maasha) ( 100 paise)
1 Paraka/ Taka/Adhanni
Rupee
1 KaNi (cf.kaNika-drop,kiNa-grain)
(paisa-pesa/pesasgold,ruupa,ornament,pasu-yava) = Anna ( 1.56 paise)= 1/64
Rupee.
1 Dhela
cf.dhiira(hero)-dhela-viira-suura-siira(plough)-taala(palm)
1 Pie
1 Damari
,
= 1/12 Anna (0.52 paise) =1/256 Rupee
=8or12 cowries.
1 Paisa(pice)
Rupee
12 Pies=4 Pices=1Anna
mukha(aanana,karNa)
=Ganda=
15 Rupees= 1 Mohur(gold)
1 Rupee=64 Pice
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohor
At present the Goverment of India controls the weights and
measures adopting the metric system according to which
1 Tola=11.66375 grams
bhaara-weight,
Tiger;vaara-tail
water,cup
drum,
.)
paisa
pinda
)is made
matsa(fish,soma,soNa,suuna)masta(head)
kalasa(pot)
kamsa(pot,jar;paana-bhaama-sun-paNa)
garja-maa is
etc.
kari(hand)krii(buy)giri(hill)
khara(hara-ass) nara(man,horse)
paNa(barter)
vana(tree,house,water) sama(hand,zama=equal)
sara (arrow,water,five)hara(fire,ass cf.nakra is a hara of fish
or paNa) hari(sinha-lion,tiger,horse) nari(naari-lady)
khara/hara-ass=krii=giri=krii
Saya(sex,hand) paNa(hand,money)
Cf.Karsha( garta-throne, cakra-wheel ,garddabha-ass) paNa :
Karsha raksha(traaNa-protection) raaja-kingbalisacrificepaaNi-handpaNa(praise,price)
Karsha (
bhadra-aksha ) =16 Maasha(
,
kanaa-naaga-paana-baaNa-paNa)=80 Rettis=
1/4 Pala(hala,phala,vana,pada
bhadra-
, bhadra-suula-
suura-baaNa-paNa-Pala)=1/400 of a Tulaa
grains troy.
=about 176
),maaDi(a
), a
double tooth,
the border of a garment,
maatra(measure),naada(sound),raaja(king),vaaja(food,arrow,sa
crifice) etc.Ashtapada(gold
) is 8 Rattis of gold.
Na- a singer
;leaf
, ruling
,wind,egg
(with va of Tiger
,head, drinking
,water
forms paNa,nava
,weaving,a weaver
strong,powerful,like,as,going,hurting
na-no,not
bond,union
,a musical instrument
,war
,gift,welfare,the navel
(cf.paNava-tabor-svar;paNavi-
Siva,bhuvana-Durga,bhavana-paNahouse,money,trade,bet);knowledge
Pa(ka-head) of Na(ox,cow) is paNa(money,KaaNa-coin,kaaNi-
(cf.Tanka/Satamaana/Mancaati).
Tanka/Tankaka- a spade
hoe
(hoe-go-
,a peak
tuntuka-small,minute
Tha-a loud noise as of a golden pitcher rolling down steps
a disk
,a cipher
mukha(face)makha(sacrifice)maha(buffalo)paNa(money,
praise)malla(bull)horn of buffalo.
Mahisha=great,powerful,great priest,sunmalla.
They even fight and kill the lions.Bosbhujaboss
Malla=boxer,excellent(Mal.nalla-bhadra-srestha,mallaawoman,malla-cheek and temples,vessel,boiler
bhadra
meTha=ram
MeThimedhi=pillar
bhadracf.pattaamudayam(Aries 10 degree)
meTa=pillared or storied
buildingvallabhanripasvarNasa-parNa
naaga(hema) sinha bhadra naagabhadra +sinha(sanaga,naaga,nakha)
sreshthanaaganaaga(naagan=Naayar of Kerala)
=viirameTa(vaaraarrow)pramaada(great)praveta(barley,yava)
=prameta,praveNi(hair bun)praviiNa(malla)
junction,belly (malla Mal.palla-belly-bull cf.karda)
=maa-sha,
malla maasha,
praviiNa(baaNa=vaara=veNi)
malla(anna-grain)+
maatha(road;maaDa-weight)
maashaka(silver maasha,kalangu,pushkala)
PravaaraNa
-daana(gift) of tulaapurusha-tulaapurusha
malla(anna) = grain equivalent to ones weight given as gift to a
temple.
Pravaara=veil
-prabhaata(dawn)Viira Bhadra
PramaaNa=measure,document
Prakaasa=bronze,pittalavriksha(tree)
Pragraaha=holding, tulaasuutra=weighing
Pragraha(leader,bridle) is malla.
Praagra=most eminent(malla)
praakaara=fort,fence
=meTasaaNa
praagaara=house,buildingbhavanapaNa
pramaaNa/parimaaNa(measure)
aasana/naasa/saaNa/maasha/maada(weight).
(malla) elephant.
malla paNa
a cup or leaf in
Gajagada
musali(croc)malla(great,powerful)
Pushkala pushkarapaNaKalangu
Namas(paNa)
sad (sit,seat).
=5 Maashas
-masana(weighing,measuring)
pada(foot) -
ManumaNiloinlion.Manuja(humans),born of maNi is
Manu-ja(born).
MancameTa,cot
vaadhriinasa
A Unicorn
or a Fig leaf
is a vaadhriinasa .
kara/kari(hand)krii(to buy)-srii(king,sun,sound)-customer is
the kinggiri(hill) kira(scattering,a
hog)hari(gold,snake,lion,bull,man)
yava(barley)-krii,sadyah(same day)-krii etc.
kiraNa
=dust(gold dust),horn,rein,ray,thread
traya(tra-three),sraya(traaKraya(purchase)
protectioncf.the mark of three-naama- on the forehead)
krayaNa(buying)srayaNa(refuge)
krayaNiiya(to be bought),krayaanaka(ware,purchaseable
object),krayika(trader,buyer,buying),kriita(bought),
kretri(buyer).
kreNi(buying)sreNi(vedic guild of
traders,number,bucket,line,ladder)
kiNa(corn)kiraNa(horn)kaNa(vaara-drop) kaca(hair)
nakha(claw,na-kha-0)
Varaaha(boar,bull,ram) -3(srii)
maamana(measure)nama(praise,pasture ground,paNa).
Saardula(tiger,panther,lion,best) tulaadhara(trader),
garta(throne)garja(roar-maa,me,aa;gaja-elephant,paNasound)karsha-paNa.
tiger(mahaaaviira/suura/huNda/maruvaka/ narasinha/
=
purushavyaaghra/ma/va/sa)+man(da/sha)+tiger(la/ma)
maada/maasha,the tiger is the pan of the scale.
Dhara/bhadra(hill,dhata-scales
)+
vana(pa-leaf,va-
hand) DharaNa
,
10
palapound(sound,mount)paNaviirabhadra
Athari(finger) is adri(hill).PaNa(paaNi,paN,vaN,kaN,vaaNi ) is
count and sound. Capeta(the open hand/slap4+26 ) is
sabda(sound,sapta-7).Interestingly capeta is also the 6th lunar
day of the bright half in the month of
Bhadrapada(
bhadra-bull,pada-foot
patara-ray,
pata-
cloth,
patala-roof,
parimaaNa(measure)
=harinaama(Vishnu-paNa, tiger)
praNaama(paNapraise,money,trade,price)/pramaaNa(measure)/parimaaNa(me
asure)
maaca/maatha-road
Maasha(weight),maaDa(weight)
talataalajalasara(5,water)kala(palm,count)
taala=karatala,span of thumb and third finger,Durgas throne, a
bell,elephants ear clap,handclap,the world,plate(sthaala),lock
=
ca/ma/ha/pa(water) - sa(god,se-grain)ta(cross,hip)/da(hill) masta(measured,head) mushti(fistpaNa) matsa(fish)dasma(lord)dasam(ten)
Anna(grain,sun)malla(face)gaNda(face)-
aanana/sma/mukha/vadana(face)-
kuNda(pot)
kuntala(pot,hair)
kuNda(pot) huNda
-paana(pot)-
(Va- tiger)
baaNa(arrow)-
dhaana(grain)-
dhaama(seat)
naasa(nose)
mesha(ram)
maaTa(bungalow cf.Mal.maaTambi-lord)
meTa(bungalow)saaNa(measure)kuNdala(ear
ring)/paNa/phaNa/Na
drinking cup,ring,
coil of a rope
ear-ring,
bracelet,
Gunja-kunda(
,
bowl-bull,basin
,
pitcher,pot,pit,hole cf.agni kunda-sriivedi ,Siva,Durga;mukhaukha-pot,paNa-paaNa-paana-cup-bhuja-baahu-vaahu-vaahabull,uksha-bull,u/va-bull,gaja/naaga-elephant,vanaaga-snehasakha-sikha-horn of agni-brahmins-bhuudeva/bhuusurabrahmins.The Brahmins call themselves Agni-BharataBhaarata etc. and they worship and protect agni in their
homes.Agnesa is Ganesa/naaga mukha/unicorn ) kundala
(
ring,earring,
bracelet,
fetter,
tie,coil of snake or
rope), kunta( spear,lance, a small animal,insect,a graincoix barbata),kunda( one of kuberas nine
treasures,Vishnu,number nine
go-nine+
vaarakubera-seal of paNa
,
,
go-dhanacowwealthpasupicuvasupaNa),kuntala(hair of head,lock of
hair,a head-dress,a drinking cup,a plough,barley cf.six locks of
hair may indicate weight of six barley grains also).
Potfootfoodgod.
Garta(throne) garut(wing)
Garuda(devourer,Daaruka)
graaha(croc)
aapaNa/maaDa/maasha maasa
praja/vrisha/varsha
kalaa= a part
1/16 part of the moon or karsha=maasha,time of 30
kaashtha,1/60 of a sign,interest,art
kali=die marked with one dot= = ,
,terminalia bellerica
Krosa=cry,yell,shout,shriek
Indian league=Kos=1000 dandas(yard=36 inch/72 inch)=
4000 hastas=1/4 yojana=for others=2000 dandas=8000
hastas=1/2 gavyuuti.
krosa yuga=2 krosas=4000 yards
1000*36*2.54=91440 cms=9.144 kms=/1.6094=5.76 miles
Mana(house,aramana-palace)=paNa(house,meTa)
kha/ka/na
na/ka
Mukhanakhanaka(najewel,gem,teeth)nabhaa(kuNdagaNda)
nanakana-khanaga(jewel,snake)
naaga(jewel)
maNimakhamukhamallakaNakiNa(grain)
nakha(part,portion)kanaka(gold)kankana(bracelet,ring,ribb
on on wrist,a crest)
kaancana(gold)
Naga=Clitoria termatea
=ma/Sha/ta
=bhaga (pearl/gem)
,
KarNa patra ear lobe,suurpanaKha and Kundala.
Mukha/malla/maaDa/masta/bhadra/paatra/paana is a bird with
srava as patra or feet(Mal. kaatu-ear,kaalu-feet.The Egyptian
Ma is a bird.kha is khaga-sun,bird.
PaNa(sun,weight) is maartaanda(sun)
=marta(man),mrita(dead) +aNda(egg) = + =
maaDa/meTa(matsa=masta=measured; Maanaweight=maaDa-weight)
paNa
The fist goes into the mouth,smaller weight into the bigger
weight to make the MeTa/Tower as the Gerah goes into the
Shekel, Shekel into the Maneh and Maneh into the Talent.
DraNkshaNa,
bhaara/maaDa,
kalaapaka( a type of
loan),kalaada(goldsmith),taamra(copper,Ratti),
mana,
saaNa/maapana /taamra/maasha/
bhaara/ maanava/paashaaNa ,
GaNda maaDa /kala-ma-naetc.
SaaNa,
DhaaNa,
Uksha/aksha ,
is u-gaja(elephantasva).Bhadra(bull-malla-king-maaTu-maaDa-mada) is gold and
bhaara/vaaara/viira.
Gaja-kesa-temple,ka(head,light,sa-god,snake) is
god head (temple) and snake head (naaga mukha-nagesamahesa-agnesa-Ganesa etc.).
Mallanaaga/Airaavata is Indras elephant.
Maatangavataanga(elephant+ vata-Fig
varaanga(head,loin,lion)
keta-house,wish,desire,wealth,mark,sign,
Ketaveda-knowing the wealth of another.
Ketana=sign of a deity,abode,summons,invitation
ensign of a warrior,flag,banner,business,indispensable.
Vijayanagara coins
Gold coins
Dodda Varaaha-Dodda Gadyaana-2Varaahas cf.
(unicorn),
Pagoda=mada=maaDa=
1Prataapa=2 Katis
kuta-open mouth
1 Kati
,
,
or Kaakins, 5
Kaasus
and 10 Ara Kaasus. There were also other units of
silver and copper based on their relationship with the Pagoda.
Copper coins(paNa).Arka=paNa=copper;kaasu=
kaasi=sun,mushti/fist-paNa.
1 DuggaNi=2 KaNis/Kaakinis=250 grains
1 KaNi=125 grains=2 Ara Kanis
1Jital= 1/3 Tara(Silver coin)
1 Kaasu=30 grains=10Rattis=1 Maasha
1 Ara Kaasu=15 grains.
Travancore weights and measures
KaakiNi
Na )
gagana(sky)svar(sky,sun,sound)
svarNa(two
hariNa(two haris-tigers)rukmanakra
mushka-scrotum
nishka-tra
nisheka
moksha(svar) Nishka
nishkarsha(tax,stern command)
- ni-seka (sprinkling)Nishka
vrisha(sprinkler)purusha(with mushka)
malla(viira)bhaaramaaDavedi(godha-arena) meTa
saaNapaaNa
baaNa
praveta,pravata(grain)
paana
Mana
Mana
is maa
3 dravas=1 Tola(tola,suula)
=11.664 gram
1 drava= bhadra/na/vetra/aa-buffalo,cow
manadrava3 tola bhaara
kuta/kumbha/kalasa/ghata/nipa =
a house,
a hammer,ax,
a mountain
,a ring
mat,crab,maanapaana paaNa-hand).Kutaka
are placed in kuta as its ghataka(part)
tree and druvaya
,a
and kataka
.Dru/kuta is
is measure.
kuta(pot,tree) is guda(aasana-anus-bottom-pot).Hence a kutatree is grown upon the guda(kuta) of the man on siirshaasana
(bhadraasana-throne) to indicate Kudava,
kutapa(sun),kulapa(leader of a clan),makuta(ma-loin-lion) .
Similarly garja(tiger) is paNa/ma/maa and indicate measure.
Ta is sound.Maa is sound.paNa is rava(sound,sun).MaaDa is
naada(sound) and naasa(nose) .
Sound is svar(dvaar,dur,suur,Sa-Se) .
Svar(sun,sound,sky,tiger) is
hari(tiger,bull,snake,man)/bhaga(slit,sun).Svar-Na is
hariNa(gold)/harita(gold).
Ma or ta is jaghana(nitamba-buttocks). k50ac
ma/ta is sinha on buttocks indicating
hariNa/harita(gold)/maasha by jaghanabhaara(high
buttocks).Bhaari(tiger) is Tola also.
Hari on
The horned head further confim this as hariNa is both gold and
deer.Gold is called sringi(sringa-horn
maa+ sa=Maasha/bhaara/maaDa.Hence 4
(loin/lion)
tiger,water;la-Indra,ra-possessing,lava-cutting,vala-ring
).
Mana (measure
) of kuta(pot,tree) is
kutapa/kudava/kutavamana
or Druvaya.
Thus handfuls or mushti or paNa=
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
etc.
cf.kata
patera=Aadhaka
paTa=woven cloth,gament,veil
patara-ray,patala-roof,thatch,veil,cover,pada
aaya: :=income,gain,profit,tax,(cf.sulkacunkam,vari)gold,die
for gambling,number 4
PaNaaya=PaNya=market,profit,praise,fame,chess,bet,pawn,
pledge,mortgage,stake
etc.
vimaa =measure,parimaaNamvimaana(aeroplane
cf.pushpaka vimaanabhuja-bhaga vimaana)
vimsa=1/20
laabha gain,
udaya-profit
bhakta=ration,sharebhaagabhaga
stokastokaaropanena
unnoticeable increases
utkara- heap
saakha-hand
cf.visaakha(vishu,mesha,Subramanya)
sukta-fermenting-sakata-shadka
paNa-five fingers
stobha- praise,grain,sacrifice,yaaga,hook,head
sthuura-bull,man
sthuuna-grinding stonecf.Stone,stuuna-group
sthuula-hill,tent,heap
cf.suula
svetataara-sveta-cowry,silver
tiikshNa=gold
visikhaa
= a street of merchants
Senaa
Senaa=
a missile,dart,spear,the body
saaNa/Tanka
saaNa/Tanka
aana/Naa(Ana/go/1/16 Tola)/nasaaNa
paNaTankana(sealed coin,bull,elephant)
(cf.
(saaNa/maaDa).
mukha(face)naasa(nose)saaNa nishaaNa=Dhakka-a
kind of musical instrument.Hence it is seen with naasa and
saaNacf.H-182.
Kha(sun,cipher,sky) is sha
or naaga(best,sky).It is the
SaaNa is anas(roof
nishka/saaNa.
,cart,pulley
)-
aNu-millet
ajasringii-goatss horn
aaraa-awl
iishaa-pole iisa-raaja-srii
kaparda-braid
, ,
kata-mat
kasypa-tortoise
hariNa,hiraNya,harita-gold
kola-jujube fruit
kosa-sheath
godhaa-bowstring
Jina-sun,2424 Maashas1.5 Karsha
trivrit-an amuletanjali
dur=door
phaNa=ornament=naka
manaa-ornament
maasara-beverage
mrda-a weightmaaDa ,
loha-copper mukha
laksha-prize liksha
vasna-pricevishnupaNa-sunpanca(5)sinha(tiger)
vaaya-weaver
paayya-measure/vaayya?
vitta-wealth
vip-rod
vaala-hair sieve
visaaNaa-horn
viiNa-lute
viira-man
saaNa
vrka-wolf,plough
sipraa-cheek
sulka-pricesalka
suurya
suunya(cipher)
sthuuNa-svaru-post ,
Rishti-spear(+da/ma/vadrishti-eye,mRshti-food,vRshtishower cf.
pravarta-ear ornament,karNa-sobhana
srmara-unknown animal at horse sacrificecamara-chawrie
mekhalaa(girdle for women,zone worn by the upper caste
men,=
(gold,fire,a
,sarpa
cakra/bhadra
/patra
,
etc.whence
,
,
,
etc.Makara is mahira(sun).Sun is ravanavanabhaphaNa.
Makara is one of the nava(rava)nidhis(treasures) of
Kubera(copper).Nakra/naaga/makara is na/ma(no,great)kara(hand)/gara(mouth)leg-Tanka
nakra/makara
Tanka
.Thus
ma+khara/hara
GaNda/khaNda/maNda/
camara/hari/aabharaNa/vaara/haara
kundala
(nakra/makara is the kundala of Vishnu).Makara(matsya
cf.drumamatsyaahvaya) is the dhvaja(flag/vehicle) of
Kaama(naaga)deva and VaruNa(nakra/makara).Vaara
of camara is royal insignia.Vaara/luuna of lizard and frog are
cut off,like the gaNda/gandha/khanda cut off metal blocks.
ma/na.
annamallamukha
paNa
2(16)
meta/16
paNa/maasha/jhasha.PaNa=phaNa(ornament-
KuNdala)mitramudramushkanishkapala(phaNa).
kataka/kankana(bracelet),
kundala(ear
vasana(zone) etc.
miina(
=10+
=2=12;Pisces=12,dvaadasa-Divodasa)
(4)=16(shodasa,Sudas)
maaDameTa
bhadra-king,bull
Maundmuntamuntol(shoulder,suula
),hand muscle
damaru
were symbols of religious
mendicants(amaNa/sramaNa) of ancient India.Damaru is
taamra(copper),caamara(Yaks tail),carma(hide) etc.
maapaNa
satamaana/sammaanabhadra(gold)
maasha
.The awl of
musala
,musali
=paNa
monta=mukha(face),monta(cup). Montaayam is a ridge
beam.Montaayam valanjaal(bend) 64 valayum(bend).PaNa is
vending.To bend is to vend(to sell cf.bent arms and legs) as in
paNa(vend).The Tepe Yahya potsherd is of the period 22001800 BCE.Evidence indicate that the Viirabhadra/Viira
raaya/MallameTa money system was present in the Ravi phase
itself or earler.
Mandara is a pearl chain of 8 or 16 strings.Manthara was the
humpbacked maid of Kaikeyi,wife of King Dasaratha.Mandara is
maNdala(circle,sphere) and mantra(hymns).Mantras were
made into circular mudras and were read bothways to make
a mandala of mantra.Veda is pada(word) and paada(four).Rig
veda has ten(bhadra-circle) mandalas(circles-cakras-sargas)
also.
Manda
is a jar cf.
.Damana
is paNa(Vishnu).
ma-tramaatra,mitra,mudra,dharma etc.Mushkavat is
Indra
netra/DharaNa/Dinar.
Mudra-citraravaruupaaksha-ra(sound)
Kedaara-
a field,meadow
-suparNa-
mada/dama/maaDa etc.
Malla maadamanda(skull,pot) a
pot,vesselkuNdaukhamukha(face)
valaka= a beam,pole ,a procession,
one of the seven sages under Manu Taamasa.
valaya=bracelet,armlet,ring,circle,circumference.
seed
kala/aksha=1/16
kala
kalaa=maada=meTa(tower).Kala-angu is
vimaana-measured,vaara-tail,bhaara-weight,meTa-tower.
Bhadraasana/Padmaasna (
,seat on trees,seat in jar etc.)
indicate aasana(aasa-seat=ass) of bhadra/Bharata(the priest
god king);asana(anna-food) of bhadra(rice or king cf.dharaNarice/money);amsa(part,portion) of bhadra(the king cf. tax);
bhadra(gold,stone)-asman(precious stone);bhadra(king)aajna(order),bhadra(king,bull,hill,elephant,gold,a virgin)daana(saasana-sana-donation), patra(writ)- ajina(s kin,hide)
etc.The seat of the deities in the leaf(patra)/lotus(padma)
indicate this. DharaNa is a weight.
Bhadra(gold,bull,king) is patra(leaf,bird)
kara/hira/sira+nahiraNa(gold).
HiraNa+aya(4)hiraNya(hiraNa) or hiraNa-yaa(desire).
: :aya(4,good luck,die)=yaa: :
.Hence yaa-cakas(beggars)
, ,
Anga-body,limbs,snake.
Angana(woman)ankana(digit,stamping the seal).
maa(measure,weight,roar;gocow)me(bleat,barter)/mesha(ram)
masa(mass)
/maana(measure)
kalasa(pot)/sma(mukha)/kshaNa(moment)/karsha/shekel/sulka
maasha
maatra,mitra/mudra/dharma/
kshatra(king),kshetra(temple) etc.Cf. Hebrew words for "to
weigh" (shaqal), "weight" (mishqal) and "consideration"
(shiqqul).
VasishThavas(house)-ishtha(Pharaoh,prabhu)
visishtha(noble)
Visva mudraVisvaamitra
hiranyaksha
,
suurpaNakha karsha/suvarNa
maapana(mesure,scale).
ma/ta/sandhi hips-loins-is nandi
Sandha(Mal.canta) is market.Aasanda
and sandha.
is also sandha.
Angaaanaka(drum)Ta(sound)
divisions of the drum
maatanga(elephant)
4maasha from 4
maasha -anga
Tulaabhaara
=gold/fruits/grain etc.
praasatomara(dart,lancecf.taamra-
copper).Praasaada(pra-sad)-meTa
,
,
pareta(dead)pramiia(dead,cow sacrificed in a
yaaga)Pyramid(dead Pharaoh).
aa+
dehaaaDhaka1/4 Drona=
4 Prasthas16Kudavas64Palas256 Karshas4096
maashas7 pounds11 ounces avoirdupois or 2 mans or 164
pounds
masa(mass),sva(wealth),siva(auspicious),sma(face),sina(grai
n),jina(sun),sara(arrow),tra(tri),suura(sun),viira(hero),
srii(sun,wealth,gold),sama(equal,
hand),tama(best),naga(sun),naka(ornament)
maana(measure),maasha(weight), masana(measure),
panca(five),vasana(price),raama(king)
saaNa(mesure), naasa(nose),vrisha(bull,Indra),varsha(year,
place),mukha(face)
Kardana=rumbling of the bowels kardama=a kind of
rice,flesh
karpara=
a cup,pot,bowl,skull,shell of tortoise
karpaasa=cotton
tarii(boat)srii(sun,wealth)
kalakiNasina(grain)jina(sun,24)
4 grain=dhaana(measure)upahaara(share,Mal.ohari)
sha/danagasaNka(bull),sinha(lion),sankha(cowrie),Tanka(4
Maashas),dasa(ten),sata(100).
(drop of
,hala-plough) kalasa(jar,DroNa-
measure)
kuN(paN,vaN-to make
soundmaa,me,dhim,tom etc.)
kuNda(pot)
-kuNta(spear)
-gaNita(calculations)
Ganda( four pice)paNTa(phaNa-ornament)
piNda(mass)sila(stone)sina(grain) etc. all related to
kiNanaga(sun,hill,tree)naaga(snake,elephant)
gaNa(group).
KiraNa=dust,ray of lightkiNa(grain)cornnakrauraga
kriiNa(purchase)paNa(trade).
Kaakinii(ka-agna,ka-anga,ka-head,kha-sun,sha-sun) kacahair/kesa-hair/kaaca-scale)20 kaparda coin,
1/4 paNa,Ratti,cowrie,a cubit, of a Danda.It is
shadanga(veda) too.Kaparda itself is praveNi/praMaaNi(king).
kunda
paNa meTa
Tanka(4 Maashas)taamra(copper;
anga/nri-nara-king,man )
Tatheta-T,
naga
Ta/kaTanka/kanaka(gold)
srii/raaja/netaa(king)maaDa(measure)meTa(tower).
Tanka=leg,4 maashajangha(thigh)
anga(body,shadanga)angu(hand)shadanga
paNamaa/me-nachange of hands(Mal.kaimaattam)
paNa(trade)
sa-1/angu
sma(mukha)meshamaashame(barter,maa)-Ta(oath)
2/16
smasaana(oblation)masa(mass)saaNa(weight).
maa(lion)+ drum(Ta)MaaDa(weight)meTa(tower).
PhotographofstoneceltcourtesyTheHindu.
(News in the
go,bo,bhuu,eye,bow,sun,paNa
netra-king,eye,sacrifice,paala,medha/maatra/mudra
paNa/mukha/aum.
go(eye,sky,bhuu-jaga-earth,sun,star)
mukha
netra(eye)
vadana(face)
go+
paalaGopaala(Krishna;go-sky,star;paala-
kingsun)bhuupaala(king)Jaganaatha(Vishnu)gomedha
(gavaya).
vadana/panca/padma/phaNi
mukha/paNa/naabha
pancapaNaPencepancamukha(broad face,five
faceslion,king,Siva)padmanaabha(Vishnu cf.
).Gopaala is Padmanaabha.
phaNii
mukha
saaNa
sma/paNa/paa.
(
mukha/sira/ka
vadana/panca/padma/anjana/nakra/sarpa/sha/sa
paNa/ca(caksha/netra/go)cashaka(cup,chalice,kavaca/kavas
ha) saasaka(king)bhuupaala
Gopaala(Krishna,sun).Paana(cup)
is pa(va-king,lion)-aana(face) or paala(king).
K-96 aa Da ka
3aaDaka(measure,cf.aaravaara)3arka(copper,argha-price)3 etc.
H312ac
vadana(face)/panca(five)/
anjana(lizard)/sa
mukha/paNa/malla/va/ pa
Na,kala(palm,cf Mal.pana), kharjura(rajatasilver)/panca(5)pancamukha(king)pancamakha-five
sacrifices)5silver paNanakra(kuNdalakuntala-barley.Six
barleycorns is
paNameTa.)savana(sacrifice.cf.pancamahaayaagas.Panca
is savana).
asma/sma/paNa/aum
saaNa/kaaraaumkaara(
Na(cow-go)=ANa=1/16Rupee.
Smasaanasamaadhaana(peace ,peace be with you,rest in
peace R.I.P.PaNa is peace and
piece(gaNda/gandha/khaNda/kuNda).
Pitri medha was smasaana.
NishaNNaka-seat,nishadaseat,nishadyani-sadplace where merchants display their
goods to tradeaapaNa(market) .
nishaaNa(cf.nakra)Dhakka-a kind of musical instrument .
phaNii
mukha
saaNa
sma/paNa/paa
malla
saaNa
MallameTa-smasaana(oblation)
paNa/sma
nakra(na/va-like;hari-snake,gold,frog,bull,tiger;naga-sun,rafire)/mandala/hari/phaNi/sarpa(Sssa-rava,sa-snake,god;ravasun,sound,Sa is A)/srava(karNa-ear)/drava(fish)/dru(tree;hence
it ismatsyadrumaahvaya)suurpa(maaDa)meTa(cf.seat of
Vishnu is sarpa/talpa-bed-meTa).Mukha is
malla.Mukha(face,copper) is paNa
(face,sound,copper,Karsha,trade,price). PaNa is
maa/me/sa(sound,paNa)
.Maa is
srii/go(speech,bow,cow,eye) .Srii/sara/go is
aisvarya(wealth,iisvara-god).Word is god and money.
Go-sta(sit) is go-ashta/koshtha/oshtha/mushTi /
pushTi/gusti/garta/kuNda/guda/goda(giving cattle is giving
word)/godhaa(chord ,
) etc.
,
Go(eye)-sta is
gaNda/malla/mukha.Go(srii-word)-sta is oshtha.Oshtha is
adhara(lip). Ardha is arka(sun,argha-paNa-price.Suurya is
muulya-value).Go is caapa(bow,sa+sa+pa=caapa ) . Caapa
is vaaca/vaak(word).Vaak is bhaaga.Bhaaga is bhaga .Bhaga
is aisvarya(srii).Aisvarya is ashta(8,aja-king,mesha-dha-seat
Dha /pada is four.Aja-pada is ashta aisvarya, ashtavasu,
ashtaapada,ashtanaaga etc.In the weights it is ashtapruud.
PaNa is phaNa.Go-ashta is oshadhi(tree),vasati etc.Adhara is
artha(wealth).Adhara is ardha(half) .Artha, ardha and arka are
bhaga. Bhaga denote the ardha(Mal.ara- of the body).Bhaga
is paNa(sun,Xchange) and phaNa(ornament).Ashtaisvarya is
ashtavasu/ashtaapada/paNa itself.It being svar(sarpa)-Na is
naaga(phaNa/phaNi)-na or nagna(naked) or naaNaka(naa-four
,naaga-arrow
) or naaNya(money) or maNi(phaNi-
makara-nakra-naaga-hari-ratna-rajata
na/ka+
ca/ma/na/u/pa+
rama+na+i) also.
Sikya(balance)sikhii(peacock,number 3).
Singa(a tree)sinha(lion) saNka(bull)sunga(Fig
tree)sulka(Mal.cunka-tax).Singaasana is sinhaasana(throne).
Sinha being singa is shown together.Man holding two sinhas
is same as man sitting on singa with a sinha looking on.It is
saaNa/paNa meTa itself.
Palaasa=leaf,foliagesma-saanaparibhaashaNa
masa-saaNa(weight).
Bhavana-housebha(star)+vana(tree)bhuvana(Durga).
.Muzhankaalshank
Anga=bodynava(9).
va(vaahu-angu)+
na
nava/paNa.
mahisha(buffalo)metimaashamaaDa(weight).
matsa(fish)miina(fish)bhuja(hand)mushTi(paNa)masta
(measured,head)maaTa(weight)aNda(egg)
paNTa(ornament)piNda(mass)bindu(gaNda)
sindu(ocean)maa(measure,go)me(barter)go(eye,cow,
king,sun,sky,water)pasu(cattle,animals)vasu(gold,wealth)
subha(auspicious)siva(auspicious)sva(wealth)svasti(pr
aise,paNa)svastika
paaNa(hand)paana(pot)baaNa(arrow)vaara(tail)viira9h
ero)bhaara(weight)suura(svarsun,tiger,sound)svarNa(gold)paNa(money,price,praise,
chess,nama-praise,pasture ground)nayana(eye)
naaNya(money)naaNaka(money) maaca(gold).
bhuja(hasta-fish)
cakra shatka(six)
sagara(swallowing,makara,nakra)sa-gerah5*.12125=0.60625
grams which agrees with the noted weight of maasha.
Gerah=1/20 Shekel(180 grains/60 carobs)=9 grains/3
carobs=0.585 grams.Thus 5 Ratttis Maasha Match the gerah.
kanaa(girl)naaga(snake,elephant)kaaNa
( property,paNa,price) gaanasongkaamahema(gold).
kaaNa= one eyed,pierced,perforated(cf.ottakaasu,like a
cowrie),having only one loop or ring.
10 KaaNa paNas(weight)= 1kala-angubhadra(10,gold).
tridasa(deva)sriimad(great)trimsat(30).
hari(man)-ubhaya(two)Hariyupia,hariNa(gold)
yuka-liksha laksha(lac-mark,1lakh)raksha(protection)
rakta(red,blood,copper)
yojana-yoking
bhaarayojana is prayojana(use).
SaaNa
Hence
Dasa(10)ratha(wheel,chariot),Tadhana(plus,wealth)
Ta + sa(bird,god)dasaraaja(king). Dasaratha was
king of 10 chariots.
Gala(swallower-the throat,necknishkapala
Krishna,griishma(summer),grasana(swallowing),krisaana(gol
d),karsana(tax),dravina(money),sramaNa(bhikshu)
drama(drava-dram) = 1/8 ounce=3.697 millilitres=3.7
grams=32 Rattis system (3.88 grams)=4Maashas
Maashama(water)-aasa(seat)water
volumemaaDa(weight)maapana(scale,ma-water,vanawater).Weights were standardised with fixed water volumes.
is the fish in the pond or morsel in the mouth.
Maasha-galabhuj-galapushkala(many,abundant,loud,a
drum-bheri-bhaara
in it.
Druma(tree)DroNa16 itangazhi(prastha)4
aadhaka16 pushkala128kunci1024 mushti=or 200
pala=1/20 kumbha=or 1/16 khaari=4 aadhaka or 2
aadhaka=1/2 suurpa=64 seras or 32 seras,an altar
,a field
,a crow
,a scorpion ,a son of Bharadvaaja born fom a
bucket(drone-sroNa-loins),a wooden trough,a measure of
capacity=2 suurpas, ,name of a daughter of sinha hanu =tiger +
sroNa(drone).
patra(leaf)vrisha(bull) vrita(dominion)
sarpa(snake)surpa(fan,measure)bhuja(hand,snake).
paa-saa-NapaashaaNa(pa-aasana)-a small stone
used as a weight,a spear paa/maashaaNa/saaNabhaashaNamaapana(weight)bhaajana(ve
ssel).
kala-angu nara+ ta(tail,taala)taamra(copper)
mridha(fight,battle)dharma(right)samara(fight)
marta(man).
mesha(aja-king,ram)me(goat)+sha(man)=exchange of
manmaa(measure)-sha(king)
ashta(eight) SaaNa=Pala,paashaana
sena-saaNa(32 abrus,ashtapruut),8mushTi=kunci,drishti(eye),drashtaa(seer),srashtaa(crea
tor),masta(measured),sraaddha(bali-oblation),
prastha(measure),maasha(measure),sringi(kesara-ashtaapadagold),gaatra(body),kaasara(buffalo).
Saanadvaya(sena
,dvaya-two)=Tola
ma=time,4th note,moon,Brahma,Vishnu,Siva,mother,
meaure,light,knowledge,binding,fettering,death,a womans
waist(lion on loin=ma+pa=scales),happiness,welfare,water.
, , maa (roar,measure,bull-malla
)
me(barter,mesha) maNi(any
ornament,crystal,amulet,globule, glans penis,clitoris, hump of
camel,the pendent on a goats neck
jarpala(nishka).
manjiira=foot ornament,anklet,
bhaadrapada(month),bhadraasana(throne),raaja(king),
maaDa(weight),naada(sound-pound),aaDhaka(measure).
maa(moo,measure)me(to exchange,barter,to bleat like a
goat)
To say maa(no,stop,mother,Lakshmi) both hands are raised as
in
or by the pointer which stops at the middle
point of
the scales sma-nosemasa-weight.The nose is the pointer
between netra-the eyes like the pointer of dharaNa-scales.
Sma(mukha)mukha(face,copper)taamra(copper,Ratti)
masa(weight).Mukhamaha(buffalo)makha(sacrifice)maa(
roar,measure).
ma/na/ta + sa/ramasa(weight)maasha(weight)
taara(star)teja(light)dasa(ten)sata(100)mana(weight)
shad(six)sad(sit)
vara
varaNa(saaNa)=rampart,moundgopurameTaMal.ko-il(temple) Mal.ambala(temple)
ambara-sky,a camel (cf. gimel),Indra, a town,people.
VaraaNa(Indra) .Indra as prastha is Indra prastha or saaNa.
,ladder
), sauparNa(go-paNagold).
camara-ajasamraaja.
HornkiraNakerasgarjakarshaaamamaa(go,measu
re,weight)hariNa(gold).
Go(cow) is
Mushti(fist)mudra(dance/aksha/paNa)surata(sex)
suurya(paNa)bhadaasana(throne)bhdranaaga(bull
elephant)ashtanaaga(8 elephants or snakes or
tens)hastanaaga(fist and thumb)80
paNameTa/nishadya(market place)..
Bull+elephant(Yak)viirabhadraGunjacircle in circle
sarvesvaramahesaraajaadhiraaja
bhaaramaanamaaDameTa.Bhadranaaga/
dasanaagaasiiti(80)asthi(bone)ashthi(a die,food,stone )
Taara(star)
masa/maasha/maaDa(weight)maa(weight)bha(paNa)
bhaara(weight,bha-star,aara-awl of wheel)raaja(king)
dhiira(brave)viira(hero) paNavaara(tail,measure)
draviNa(money) darpaNa(eye)
tarpaNa(oblation)dharaNa(weight).
nri/paNa
pa/maatha
aasya/mukha/malla ka+dhara=karshakesara/sva+nri=suvarNa/bha+dhara=bhadra/dasa+
raaja=Dasaraaja-Dasaratha/
maa+dhara=maatra/Sa+garacakra-Sakra-Indra-dharaNamitra-mudra-dharma-maasha-maaDa-meTa
saraava/suurpa/saaNa/maapa/bhaama.
Patra ispa-dhara.Vana is phaNa/paNa/.Dhara hill is maa
making maatra/maapana or meTa.Patra(bird/leaf) is
sarpa/phaNa/sa(snake,bird,god).
ka-giri/gaNasa+nagasankha(cowry)kaakiNi
(1/4 karsha paNa,cowry,Ratti,beam of scales).
The crown is five shillings.
taa+viira/nritaamra(copper/paNa),caamara(Yak
tail),pramaaNa/parimaaNa(measure).The four digit
span(Mal.caaNsaaNa) is prapaaNi(cf.praveNi) or
pRTha(paNa).
maala(necklace)haara(garland)bhaara(weight) on
gala(neck)nishkamaaDa(weight).
.Bhadra(bull-full) pada-
caapasaaNa/maasha/dasa
SaaNa=Pala.
(ten).
Ashta
ka/go-
viirawarbarvaarabhaarapaada
kanaka/svarNa.
The tail of the yak was cut to make the caamara,its roma was
cut to make wool like the roma of mesha.
The cut roma or tail is paNa.
Perhaps roma was a weight.Baala(hair)/vaara(tail) isbhaara
( weight) .
Pulluvila(worth of grass) is Palavila-value of
Pala!Pullu(grass)bullpala(hay-grass,rice husk)Pala=12
kala-angus=4 karshas .
aa/na/baahu/dos/dasa(ten) maa/maana/bond/pound
,
maaDa/maasha/maapana/maatra/saaNa
bahumaana(honour)/sena(multitude)
karasaakha(fingers)karshakagarta
suurya(sun-sum).
ma/ta/pada:
ParimaaNa(mesure) maati(measure)
dharaNa/sreNi/saaNa
ishti(sacrifice)
ishtika(brick).
(tower of weights)
medha mesha/malla/mukha/go/vasaa/kasaa/gaja/kaasi
6/60/600 shatka(6)-salka(scales-balance,fish scale.Maana
is miina.Maana has scales.Miina has scales)sulka(price,tax)
muulya(price)moola(roots)
argha-price, paNa-sun-saaNa)
,
,
suurya(arka-
jina(sina,sun,kiNa,kaNa)rava(sun,paNa)
ruupa(form,mudra)ruupya(money)rajata(silver)dasra(ass
,asvin,fish-Pisces)nayana(eye)miina(mii/nii-ina/yamasun)maana(measure,weight).
ukha-jar and
).Mukha is sata(100).
bhaara(viira) Mahaaviira
,
,
sata(100),dasa(10),saada(grain,rice)
adya/sadya(feast)satamaana(weight).
paNameTa/saaNameTa bhaara/paada.SaaNa paada
Maasha.
: : 4 cakra4 karsha/karajapRthaPadaPala
pRshtha-buttocks
pra-sthasolid,table land on top of a mountain,
Indra prastha,oshadhiprastha(oshadhi=tree,man on tree),
Prastha-cooking the volume of a prastha-vessel capacitycooking capacity,water holding capacity,grain holding capacity.
Prastha32 Palas/ Aadhaka/4 Kudavas/2 Saraavas1/16
DroNa.
Crus is anga(limb,ankamark)/jankha(thigh)/saNka(bull)/sinha(tiger,Tanka,sankha)
Tanka(4 MaashasSaaNa).
Kharjura(Date palm,silver),Taala(Palmyra
tree)DhelaSalaaka(gold coin)Sela
fan treepana/vana(palm)phaNa(ornament,serpent
hood,snake)paNa.Fans are paNa.Fans made of its
leaves,fan of the camara tail,suurpa-fan of bamboo
etc.indicatepaNa. Taala is also a basin
.Hence
in M-290
the bhaari (tiger,Tola) is with a
kharjura(taalaDate palm,silver;khara-ass,suura-tigerkharjura-silver;janghaTanka or Palajangha-kharjura-kharjuraTanka of
silverTankaka-stamped coin/bar of 1Tola of silver) and in
H -94
with a
Suura(tiger,viira)sena(raaja),the
bhaari(Tola) is
paNa.
).
etc.
Raja-rajas=dust: :,
Raya=stream of a river,speed,course,
Rayi=sun=ravi=wealth
Pard-Tigerbhadra(bull,king,gold) Bharata(king,Sanskrit)
sinha.Man(Na)+ tiger(va)NarasinhapaNa(Vishnu).
models)clepsidra
bhaari(Tola)
bhaari(sinha/tigerTola).
)/yaa(is)
+va(bull
)yuga(two) vaya(weaver
)nagakiNa
vaaja(food)Mal.vaaya(va/pa-mouth,food,drink) .It is called
vaal(tail,sword)-gotambu in Malayalam.It is viirabhadra-the
unicorn bull(khadgi).
Ya(barley)+va(bull+tiger+king)Hence viirabhadra(yava) is
bull+tiger with tail(vaara/bhaara/viira).Conjoined animals
and three headed animals also can point to yava(barley).
The weight dots indicate kaNa of kiNa(corn).Yava is
maya(elephant,horse,mule,camel) also.
Words for Barley
Yava,sataparvikaa,aaruuDha,kuntala,asvapriya,turagapriya,
hayapriya,dhaanyaraaja,praavaTa,praveTa,mahaabusa,
medhya,yavaka,ruuDha,siitasuuka,saktuka,divya,ya,
pavitradhaanya.
uraga(ugra,arka,vakra,varga,gaura,saura)
yava(dhaana)uragayava(barleycorn),
tiryagyavodara(barleycorn)ugradhaana(horned
grain)Ugrasena/Suurasena-A Yaadava(asva,Vaasavapaadapa-Indra,KY,Ya-Ka-who,adava-asva-avasakin,sunbhuusura-Brahmin or ka-head of kings) king of
Madhura,father of Kamsa-uncle of Krishna.
Interestingly Yava has the shape of Kamsa(cup,vessel,a
measure)/sinha(tiger head).
The tigers are drawn with an open mouth to indicate
ya(barley,A)-va(tiger,V).
Tiger is suura.The Tiger seals can indicate the Suurasenas-the
clan of Krishna and Yava.References in several other seals
also point to the IVC as the homeland of the Yaadavas.
YaadavaYa(barley)-asva(horse)/aadya(anna-grain,food).
Their staple food was barley/wheat.
Busa(awn) is bhuja(hand,trunk).Mahaabusa is the elephant
bull-unicorn-barleycorn.
,cheppa,kutantrii,jaaghanii,kesa,paksha,naNja,
vaara
,
,vaalagasta,sepa,ta(tail of ajackal),piccha,
laNguula,
lalaama,lalaaman,luuma,luuna,vaaladhaana,sisna,loma,
Dha(dogs tail)
,ghatapuccha(pot- tailed)
gopuccha/golanguula(cow-tailed),suunapuccha(dog tailed)
Pucchahccha-horse-tail,camarapuccha-yaks tail.
puns(penis-sepa) =
maana-maanava- man,male,human
being,servant,attendant
heap,mass,quantity,multitude -bhaara,vaara,viira
Vaala(vaara-tail,baala-tail)-dhaana(dhaanya/dhaatra) indicate
Yava
and
paatra.
mandaaka=praise
bhaNj=break,shatterpanca(five,fivefingers)
=paNa.
palm.
Maana(measure)
maa(roar,go)na(bond,gem,shine,grain)jina(sun)sina(suuna-grain,suurasun) mushti(closed fist)kaasi(sun,fist)
paNa(fist,sound,house,sun)phaNa(serpents
hood,ornament)paaNa(hand,palm)paana(jar)
baaNa(arrow) bhuja(hand) bhuushaNa(ornament)
bhoga(snake,food)bhojana(food) maasha(weight)
maaDa(weight) miina(fish).
Naaga(ram,king,snake,elephant)
naa/maa/me(bleat,barter )-ga(ka-head,go-king,sun,cattle)
aga(sun)agna(sun,fire)eka(one)
yaaga(sacrifice)yava(barley)kaNaa(woman)kiNa(grain)
gaNana(count)naga(tree,hill,snake,sun,8),mukha(face,cop
per) makha(sacrifice)bhaaga(part) paana(jar)
bhaama(sun)vaaja(food,sacrifice)vaaha(hands,bull)
mesha(ram)maasha(weight)maaDa(weight)
bhaara(weight)vaara(jar,weight,tail,arrow)
Annam(grain
kamsa(kinnam-
cup)sinha(simmam-lion/tiger) Gunja(kunni-Ratti)
Indra
Ka imam Indram dasabhir dhenubhir mama kriiNaati?
Who will buy this Indra of me for ten cows R.V.4.24.10
Indra is 10 cows
10 paNa(bahumaana praise) Dhenu is
dhanu(bow,go-bow) or dhaana(go-dhuuma,yava) denoted by
and dhenu bhir(bhaara/vaara) as
.Dasa(ten) is
and
dasabhir is
.Dasa(ten-10- ) is raaja(king).Indra is netraking,eye,sacrifice. vaara is times.10*10*10*10 =10000ayuta(udaya-Indra) itself.
is naaga(king,8).Hence Indra is
dasadhaana/dasaraaja/dasanaaga/10/8010grains/Rattis/80
grains/Rattis=Tola.The Maasha bar and the Tola bar were the
money of ancient India and on receipt of money the people
used to touch their netra-eyes with it to show respect to Indrathe godking.
Indra is dharaNa(netra).DharaNa is 10 Palas(bulls-go/cows)
Indra is Satamakha and Sahasramukha also.Hence
dasasatasahasra(dasa-tra=10*10*10=1000;kha = 0 = sha
=sa
Pala
Pala(baala-tail,bhaara-weight), pal(teeth)
, pul(grass)
, pull(bull),bilva(bull) a measure of time, a
measure of weight of gold or silver, being equal to
four Suvarnas or four to eight Tolas. For the Harappans, Pala
was the unit of mass of 4 Karshas of 320 Rattis = 38.8 grams
or 4 kolas of 240 Rattis=29.1 grams which is the Ounce(28.3
grams). The heavier Pala is a DharaNa Pala containing 10
DharaNas.
PultriNa
3 + Na
vana(tree)paNa(money)pala(weight)kabala(morsel)
Pulaka(ball of meal for the elephant) cf. maa-morsel
maa-sha(man).
Kapola(cheeks) of elephant
chawrie
cf.M- 290a
Weights of coins
A
Ratti (cf.katti-weight)is a traditional Indian unit of mass
equal to 0.12125 gram measured by the Ratti( Abrus
precatorius) seed. It is also called Krisnala ( krishNamanipupil) of aksha(eye) .
Ratti-seeds.
matsya/paNa ma/ca/sa+ na,ha/ka/sha+
ta/ra/iisasta(happiness,body),sasti(praise-paNa);
shatka(six),cakra(wheel), sahara(sun), sukra(venus,silver),
Sagara,Sakra,raksha(protection),rakta(blood) etc.The fish signs
,
indicate sasti-svasti-stuti-praise.
Sinhatunga(high)saNka(bull)sanga(tree)suNga(vata,
barley)sankha(cowry),jangha(shank),jaghana(loins) etc.
daama(rope,sandhaana) daaman(giver,donor,gift,share)
santaana(child).Hence the cow can be sold,but not the
rope(child).
sma/asma/satasaa/maa- nasaaNaasmastone weight of 40 Rattis or oblation to the
manessatamaana(Mana-weight of 100 saaNas).
tuula= a tuft of grass or reeds,cotton,a lamp wick
cf.tola,tulaa,dola(swing)
-Angana or angaNa
yard,court,area,woman
gaNana(count)kanaa(woman)naaga(elephant,sun,snake,
metal)bhadra(gold,bull,cipher,elephant).
Anka=a hook,RV.1.162.13,curve esp.of women(anganaa =
naa with anka) where cildren are carried=lap/breast,the
body;anka =a number,cipher, a figure or mark branded on an
animal,any mark,line,stroke,ornament,stigma
Cf.the marks on the neck and shoulder of the animals in the
seals
Aksha= a balance,die,collar bone,snake,axle;104(1+0+4=5)
angula,Karsha
Ansa=part(cf.ounce),share,portion,inheritance,earnest
money,stake in bettingRV.5.86.5 cf.phalangepaNa-ansa
Ansu= thread,
;ansa+na=anjana
cloth
Aasana(seat)amsa(part,ounce,shoulder)panca(5 cf. : :+
panca-ma,vandana,bandhana,vancana
etc.)paNasabandha(barter) bhanj(bhanga-break,ruin
cf.the palm broken into fingers) manca-cot
(pari-anka cf.
,paryanka
paNya,maanya,yajna,sankhya,ruupya,khamaNi,kosa etc.
cf.
Tool currencies
Tool currencies adopted in China
about 1000-500 BC.These were metal models of valuable
implements that had previously been accepted in commercial
exchanges, e.g. spades, hoes, swords,knives etc.
cf.
,
,
,
word is money.
Beka
The beka(cf bhaga-the sun, vulva ;gava,go;bhaaj-to
divide,bhaas-to shine)/bhaaga/vaaha/naaga/naaka ) is
mentioned twice in the Bible (Gen. 24:22; Ex. 38:26) and its
value is one-half of a Shekel. Its name is derived from the root
bq, "to break, to divide," and its basic meaning is "a
is half of
khaNda-part).Half karsha(cakra
) is
(cf.GaNda and
ardha(adhara-lip).
, suvarNaka,svarNa ,
svarNaka,varNa
, varavarNa
,varNi
lohottama,kumbha,bhRingaara
,rukma,
lohavara,paaraj,druu,kanaka,Riktha,riktha,garmut,agni,
aagneya,aagneyii,agnibiija,agniviirya,aapinjara,
agnisikha,agnibha,amrita,ayas
,aruNa,arjuna,ujjvala,aujasa,
kacuura,karbura,kalyaaNa,kaartasvara,kesara
,krisana,
kusumbha,gangeya,gaaruda
, gairika
, gaura,
caamiikara,candra,caarusaara, jaambava, taapana,tejasa,
taamarasa, tiriita,diptaka,diipta,dravya,
naarajiivana,pinjaana,pinjara,piita,purata,puruda
,bhadra
,rudrarodana ,
,
(cf.ashtaapada),rekNas,
lobhana, ratnavara, raktavarNa,
rajata,manohara,mahaarajata,mahaarajana,mahaadhana,
mangalya,bhuuttama,bhuuri,bhasmaka,bhaaskara
bharma,rukmala,vasu,vahnibiija,
satakumbha
sringaara
, sriimatkumbha, sukra,
suunyahara, harita,harshayitnu,haataka
, hemaka,hiraNa
hiraNyaheman,
saumecaka,saumerava, saumeruka,sauvarNa,
sparsamaNiprabhava, abhra,surabhi, kakanda, piiyu, du(cf.udu
), avashtambha,dalapa,kandala,kaacigha,
tarkshya,tavisha,dhattuura,ashtaapada
,ra
,marut,rii,
rasa,mahaadhaatu,bharu,campeya,nishka,heman,kaancana,
jaataruupa,hiraNya,suraarha,hema
Words for copper
Taamra
kaamsyaka
taamravarNa,arka
, lohita,aravinda,aravindadalaprabha,
ambaka, yoni,loha
, raktadhaatu, vyashtha, vahniloha,
vahnilohaka,lohitaayas,lohitaayasa,lohaayasa,davishta,
dvyashta,naipaalika,nepaala,nepaalaka, pavitra
brahmavardhana,markataasya,mukha
(mu-kha,
paNa.Mukha is vaara-bhaara-haara-hara-sara-gara-sira
,
, ,
etc.
as da (sound,aya,turiiya-tulya,paada-bhaara)
) and
mukha is
nakha(claws,na-kha-dvaar-svar-sun) also.
paNa(money,bali-sacrifice,tax), makha(sacrifice),magha(feast),
dharma(duty,virtue,justice), mudra
faces as in the lakshmana seal
druma ,
cakra,paNa etc.kalasa=droNa.Cakra drumabhadra naaga-Sakra paadapa-Sakra Vaasava-paNa-Pine(paNa
meTa)Cakra vana-karsha paNamaapaNa(measure,weight,scale). cf.H-182 shows Dharma
raaja-Sinhanaada by drummer+sinha.Mukha is panca-bandhavanda-sambandha etc.Panca mukha is sinha/the king.
karNikaara=Indian laburnum
mal.konna=karna=hariNa=svarNa=laburnum
Dru-tree,druu=gold;bhadranaagamushtithe fist and the
thumbmudra(signature-seal)
etc.indicate paNa(bond,agreement,gift)
or dambara(lord Mal.tampra-lord,yajamaana-dasma-lord).It
is paNa or vana(dru-tree). Mal.Miisa(moustache) is
+dru(tree) as
seen in
sraavana-paNa/dravina
pana/Braahmana/varaaha mukha/varaaha
paNa/varaataka/mukhamudra/Go mukha
maasha/naatha/raaja.This script also shows undoubtedly that
is mukha(me,mesha,MeTa).
Maa(maana,maasha,maatra,maapa,bhaama,paNa), aksha,
arka,argha,arha, asva, go,cakshu, netra,bhuja,paNa,pas,
pash,raaja,ruca,vas,vasu,subha,sina,gunja,panca,vacana,
vasna,Vishnu,sankha,sinha etc.
Bhadra(dot,circle,bull,ball) asva(avasa-sun,king;apas-running
water,hands and fingers,bhuja-hasta-gaja-hand,elephant;javaspeed;japa-vac-prayer,speech) is karapatra-paNa-palm,water
buffalo,fish,eye,cowry etc.
Animals-mriga-mrig-go-maa-garja-gunja-pasu-vasu
svar,naaga,nabha,nava,go,kha,ha,pa,va,bha,na
nava,go,nara,maanava,maapana,purusha,bhadra,manusha,
sha,tha(cf.naatha).Maanava is maa(measure) and nava(nine).
trapu, paatra
, banga, aaniila,
kutila
,kuruupya, aapuusha, aaliinaka,surebha,
hriiku,hliiku,pralamba,baarbariita,puutgandha,paatiira,tiira,
girisaara,sobhana,satha,vakraakhya,yogeshtha(cf.the yogi
figures in the seals),mukhabhuushaNa, paraasa,naaga
, ,
naagaja,naaganaamaka,naagajiivana,gurupattra,gurupattraka,
cakrasanja
,
citraranjaka, jyeshtha, Tamara,tiivra,
trapula,trapus,trapusha,svetaruupya,salavaNa,Sinhala,hemaja,
kastiira,madhuka,ranga,rajasa,hima,Ghana
Words for lead
Naaga
Krishna,bahumala
, padma, siisaka,
kuvanga,gaNduupadabhava,ciina
,ciinapatta,
ciinapishta,ciinavanga,ciira,jata , taarakrit
, dhaatumala,
dhaatusodhana, dhaatusambhava,
pakshma,paripishtaka,pishta,bradhna,bhujagaahavya,
mahaabala(cf. man plucking trees), yaamuneshtaka,
yavaneshta,yogeshta, yogiishta(cf.yogi seals), vadhraka,
,durvarNa,dhauta,paanduloba,prajaadaana,bhiiru,
mahaasubhra,raajaranga,sita,sitaprabha,hamsaabhikhya,
himaasvabhikhya,saudha,kumuda.
Ka
who;time,light,wealth,soul,body,sun,peacock,king,fire,hair,air,
head,water,food.
(K,lagna,linga,cihna,sinha,maatra),
(K),
,
,
,
,
,
cf.ga-moving ,go-eye,pa-king,sagod,ra-fire,sun;sikhara(keras-horn,sekhara-face,cakra-wheel);
mu-khaface,mouth;ma-kha-sacrifice;magha-feast.
Ka(kha,ca,pa,ha) is bhadra(svar-sound,dvaar-door-hole)-sirahead.
Bhadra(head,bull,elephant,girl,hill,gold,king,auspiciousness) is
na (kha-ma-ha-cipher-hole) or bha(sun)-sira(srii,raaja-king)or
naga/aga/ha -the sun/gold.Sira is tra(tri-three,dru-tree,dravafish,druu-gold).Hence animals with three heads are shown
indicating ka-tra as karsha(paNa), kaasara(vaara bhadra-water
buffalo), kesara(gold).Ka(king)-sira(head,ca/sa) is
Karsha(paNa), garta(throne),garja
(tiger,elephant,serpent,croc,ass,bull , buffalo
etc.)/gaja(elephant).Hence the kings head
gaja/ukha/paana(Sumerian:paNa-face) was shown on
coins.Kanaka (raaja-Raama-king;maasha-weight;mesharam;srii,svar-Nahema- gold) is ka(head,sun,ha-svar-sun,sky)Na(man,naaga-loha-metal.Svarna is the king of metals.Arkasun,copper is naga-sun,tree;naaga-tin,lead,cobracopper.PaNa-copper,fist,the sun is phaNa- hood of
cobra.Naaga-raaja is bhadra-loha-bull,petra,metal-sarpasnake.Loha is luh-to covet;loc-shine,speech;soNa-red;ruhroma-ha/ka-hair,ray,shine.Viira bhadra is vaara-bar of bhadrametal-gold.Naaga is also hema-gold) . Gaja is the ka(head,hair)
of sa(snake,god,bird).A Suka(parrot) has su(good)-ka(head).
Viira bhadra(10,kings measure)
,
,
has a
vaara(tail,roof-va) with a bhadra(sira-head,cipherna)/raaja(king)/naaga(elephant,snake,sun,tree,arrow)/asva(bull,
elephant,avasa-sun/king,vac-sabda-sound,sapta-7,abda-year)
making gopa(king)/bhuupa(king)/paNa(parNanri-pa
svar-NapaNa).His kuupa(kha-well cf.the kings well) was
shaped like a
)nabha(go-sky)
(go) nava(go-nine)
viira/vaara(go)-bha(sun,pa-water)dra(tra-three,sira-headsara-arrow,water)/sarpa(phaNa) .The
figure of go(9-the rising sun in the first sign of aja-Aries;ushadawn;kuja-usha-Mars.He is the one up man) has a
bhadra(cipher) with a tail.Figure of 6 is inverted viira bhadra
(head down,setting sun in the sixth sign of kanya-sandhya-virgo
) or bhadra(cipher/petra/fetter ) paada(feet)
bhadra(svarsun)paata(falling down-sunset).Maa(great)-nava(nine) is
maanava(man)/maapaNa(scale).The cipher is na/ma or
kaNa/kala indicating maa(measure)vana(water,tree,house,paNa).
Maa
go/bhadra(purusha-man,vrisha-
bull)/nava maanava
,
maapaNa(scale)/maapana(measuring).
compare with
L-221
M-1397
Ta(Egyptian)
srii/vaara/girabhabha-dhara(
sarasira
gira)taara
maa(maatra-
mesure,unit)paNasama(equal).
Maatra(a
Brahmin,measure,unit measure;netraeye,sacrifice,king,Indra;mitra-friend,mudra-seal,signet ring;
PaNa-praise welcomes a friend.PaNa-agreement creates a
friend.Mudra seal endorses the paNa.Kara(hand) and
arka(sun) are paNa(agreement.).Hands make the bond
and the mudra is mitra(the sun).Agra of kara ir arka and patra
kara(sa) +bhadra
Kara patrabhadaasva-bhadra
naagabhadra karaKara(hand) itself is giri(mountain). Kara
patra being bhadra kara(auspicious) the palm is used to bless
by drawing a cakra/citra/mudra/cross of patra/sa (+ ) as
savitra(tvashtri-the sun)/subhadra ,
bindu/dot is srii/pinda/panta(jewel).
. Bhuja is subha.The
tribute,toll,tax,hand,maker,doer,measure,number 2
Kara is vaara
kuntu=
aaya
donkey,measure of grain
/bhaara
balance,
=varavu(income),
ball,1089 sq.feet
vyaya=cilavu(expence)
;paNa fishjar .
1/3 Rupee.
=5 Cakram
Pana is horn
.Hence it is vana
1 Taram/viz =1 Maasha =
16 Taram =1 PaNam.
16 copper Kaasu =1 silver Taram.
Viira bhadra
bhadra paada
prabhaata(dawn)
Go-maa(kings measure)
homa(sacrifice).MedhamaaDa(weight).
Go-bera maa-navamaa-paNakar-sha
gartagarjapraNavaaum( sound of
arrow=aum)viira bhadraprabhaata bala bhadra
Vanitaa=woman,vanita-asked ,desired for, solicited
Aasanda(seat) aa-sandha
aapaNa(market).
sandha/santaapanasacred to the Maruts,act of burning ,
burning passion.Aasandaaasansa ,with vaara it is prasansa
(praise,paNa).
Ja-ox
Na-no,bend(nam-nama-mana),identical,naught,cipher,musical
instrument,navel,welfare,jewel,pearl,gift,war,fetter,band
Pa-ruling,protecting,drinking;leaf,wind,egg ,number 5 (fifth note)
cf pa-ka-va-sa
Pha-gain cf.Phana/nabha is pha(gain)-na(gift,jewel).
Bha-light,lustre,sun,bee,star
Sala-bha is a bha
ma-
nama/paNa/srii
Maa-not(cf.maa-na),fetter ;
mother,measure,think,apportion,pray,bellow,roar,
bleat . Hence garja(roar)-karsha(weight)-go(cattle)pasu(animal)-vasu(gold)-bull,elephant,ram,tiger,croc,snake,ass
Copperviira bhadraarkaGotama12.
This is seen in M-18 .
M018a
Kudava word refers to a small pot. Note
the pot in front of the unicorn.Unicorn is bhadra naaga
Lamma -panca-5,Lamassunamas(salutation,food,gift,bow,namasa-agreement-paNa ,
Mal.vanakam-paNa.Lamassu is 5 footed bhadra paada is
panca paada-five feet.Note the vaara-grill-roof marks on the
beard,body,tail etc. making it viira bhadra/bhadra naaga that
protects as in
.The fifth foot is the trunk of the elephant
which is the horn of the unicorn.Bhadra(sa,ca) naaga(kha-ha)
is sa-naaga or sneha(love) making sakha( mitra-a friend,netraeye,king.The eye is the protector like the eye of
Horus/Ra).Naaga is sarpa.Sarpa is paasa-rope.Sarpa-coils
around like rope-forming a firm bond )
karsha/bhadra/panca/ maapana/savana by the maa
lines
12(Dvaadasa/Divodaasa).
m/n/p/r/c + ha,aa/ii/raa/u/n +
ra,sara/dara/rada/gara
Sahara,cakra,aksha,cakshu(ca-ka/sahaishu;darpaNa,draviNa),gocara,locana,Mihira,mitra/rudra/bhadra
/mudra/sukra/maatra/netrasignet ring netra/mitra
parNa/varuNabhuja(hand)-bhuusha(ornament)bhoga(snake,food,sex)-panca(five)-paNita(stake,bet,wager)pasu(animal)-bandha(bond)-vasu(sun,gold,rays)sandha(union)-siva(auspicious)-subha(auspicious)
Bhuja is paada.Pas is eye(Nayana,netra-naaNya-paNa-MinaDinar-mudra-mitra-mohur;the two eyes-the two
friends).Pas/Pash-bind.Bhaj(paNa-praise)is binding.
Bhaaj/bhaag is division. Pasu animal show
pas(bond)/paNa(bond).
: :paNa(praise,vana-water,maa/naa-measure,goking,eye)
(paadamudra-foot impression,paadapa-
tree,Vaasava-Indra;pasu-animal,pas-eye)
mukhamudra(face impression).Tribhuja(tripaada-triangleprabhaata-15) and caturbhuja(caturpaada-rectangle-20) shows
this.Thus bhuja panca -3,5,8,10 and food is foot.Both
are gods.Hence praise by eating food(body of god) and
foot(feet of god) and touching eyes(eye of god).Jina(sun) is
Miina(mi-bind,ina-yama-na-two,sun /mina(Siinai).
PaNa(bhuja
vana(tree)
)phaNa(serpents hood)
.Kusa(tree,silk,vas-cloth,,gaja-naaga-
elephant,naga-sun,tree,vana-paNa-praise,sun,price,bet) is
bhuja(palm).PaNa of avasa(king) is shown by
or asvattha(big vana-Fig tree).
asva(archer)
croc,hand)marriagemitra
is
Mitraa(mudra,surata-sex) varuNa(nripa-king,nakra-nose,
karna-ear,karma-action).Netra(bhadra-eye,king) and its
puta/vartman(vaara,viira) shows viira bhadra/Vartamaana
mahaa viira -a term of office used by the Jains.PaNa is
svar(Sun)- Na(nayana) and dvaar(vartman-door).
3,maa-tra is measure-three.Rava(dva-
two,paNa,vara) is kara(v)/ra-va-2=
great) .Sara as go is nava-paNa
vri(cover)/
pra(vara-
-9.
La-Indra,cutting
,wind,reverence,cloth
dwelling(cf.beth-B,Paada-foot-four)
auspiciousness,weaver,blow
Ba-aNa is va-ara
Sha-
, ,
, arm, conciliation,
,
man,wise,learned,teacher,loss,happiness,heaven,
Ha-killing,abandoning,destroying;verily;
sky,knowledge,blood,war,water,moon,cipher,
horripilation,auspiciousness,Vishnu,weapon
agna-fire,sun cf aga-sun,serpent,tree,hill,7cf.eka-one,nagasun,tree,naaga-snake,kanaa-girl,aksha-eye,uksha-bull
Aksha-die,pivot,axle,eye,net,snake,five,karsha cf.ukshabull;bhadra-circle,bull;kaksha-balance cf.
Aga-mountain,tree,snake,sun,water- jar
cup.
cf.paNa-sun,paana-
Agna-fire,king,eka-1,naga-sun,tree,hill,snake,asva-bull
cf.anga-limbAjagoat,king,Indra Ra-is aja(aga-raaja-naaga-sun-king) .
Ra is, paNa(rava-sun,sound), sa(serpent,god,bird) .Raaja
naaga is viira(cf .vaara of tiger)
bhadra(king,bull,Pharaoh,sarpa-serpent).
cobra is the sun -god king.
King
m290a
karsha(garja-panca-sinha-tiger-viira-suura-
indicate Tanka
fact
khara/hara indicate the wide mouth of
sinha/khara/nakra.
Aasana(seat)/aajna(order) is aja(ram)-naada(sound)naaza(nose).Maa(roar,measure)-aaza(seat) is maasha(weight)
or mesha(aja-ram,ass,naaga-elephant,ram) medha(makha-magha-adhvara-sacrifce)-mukha(face,copper).
Aasana is asva(bull,elephant,ass;pada-word,vac-speech).
Viira (suura-tiger,sun,bhaara-weight,bar) bhadra(paada-caraNa-leg;king,gold,metal,stone,tanka-weight
of four maasha)asva(aasana-ass-ayas Lat. aes-as)paNa(palm)-kara(hand,tax)-hara(ass Lat.aes-as)arka(sun,copper)-argha(price)-arha(worth,cost,Indra,worship)
This is the same Viirabhadra(metal bar,coin)/bhadra mukha
shown as tiger- bull below
is paNa(copper,money).
paNa/phaNa/naaga-loha-metal.
).
sinha(panca/sangha/sabha)-vasna(panca)-palm(panca)=five
karsha
Sinhanaada(a name) sankha paNa/dharaNa.
Dhara-mass of gold cf.dhata-tulaa-scales. Mal.tuta-thigh
Karsha(tiger) paNa(leg+ass)-panca(palm).
Ass money of the Vedasasva(go) paNabhadra(king)
vaaca(word) go-paNacopper(cuprum).
Aura(aurum-gold)viira(vara)bhadra(gold)!
Hence tail of bull and tail of goat as bhadra(go) paNa.
Amza - bulls hump,shoulder cf.aasana -seat ,ass;asma-stone
amza patra of the unicorn is asma petra,ansa bhadra also.
Ap-water cf-pa,va;air,work
Abda-year,cloud
Aya-four,revenue,income,die,profit,good fortune cf. Tankaleg,four
Ayas-metal,iron,gold,copper,bronze. cf.ayaas-fire,sayabed,hand,snake.cf.aes signatum- signed(shine cf.paNa)
bronze.
Arka-praise(paNa),one who praises
number (anka-naka-gaNa),sun
, copper(paNa),
,hymn,penis
fire,song,food, 12
(paNa-fist has 12 phalanges forming the
saya-snake,hand;mushti-matsa-12.The 12 signs are the 12
phalanges.Arka is kaasi.Kaasi isthe sun-paNa and the fistpaNa and raasi-sign of the zodiac. cf.kara-hand,tax ,
,hara-
fire,ass,Siva;argha-paNa-price;arc(to shine,to
praise);ardha(half); arha(worth in money,fit,having merit).
Arka-sunjina-sunjana-peoplejala-waterjaalanetpaNa-sun,sound,price,trade,bet)rava-sound,sunsaraarrow,water,5sira-headzira-nerve,networksamaequalsana-gainMal.sala-sum.
Argha-price,value
Avaza-king,sun cf.asva usha-dawn,apas-palm,abda-year
Asma-stone cf.masa-mass,maasha-weight ,mesha-ram,smamukha
bhadra-pater,Finger
Ashtaapada-gold cf.
putra-son-sun-phalange
naaga/svar/nabha/paNa
Asana-food,eating cf.aazana-seat,asma-stone,sma-face
Azana-throwing,blood cf.aazana-seat
Asva-bull,sound,7 .Sapta(7) asva is sabda(sound) asva(vacword) and sabda avasa(sun,king) which is garja/maa/paNa-
roar.Sa(god)-va(bull,bha-sun) is Siva(Bhadra-Rudra-Viira
bhadra-bull
).
Aana-nose,face mouth
cf.p-aana(cup),
p-aaNa(hand,palm),bh-aama(sun),
b-aaNa(arrow),Naa/maa(go-cow)naa-sa(nose).
Pava(vaaha-bull,hand)bha(sun,star).
Aanana-mouth,door,face,living
smasaana.Aanana is
anna(the sun)/paNa/mannava(king)/manana(thought,homagepaNa-praise-price).An old coin of this name simply shows
this.Mukha is paNa(sun,money .Sumerian paNa = face.)
aapaNa-market,commerce,trade cf.paNa-trade,vipaNa-selling
aaya-:
revenue,income,die,gainya(barley).
Maa(go)-aaza(seat) is mesha(aja,ass)
aazana-mouth,jaws,seat,dwelling
aazanda-seat,chair
cf.aasansa-greeting.
aasansa-hope,wish
vaasanta black gram(cf.maasha),Indian cuckoo
,
camel.Spring is bha(sun,va/pa-king)-aasanda(seat).Hence it is
paNa(the sun).
uksha-large,sprinkle;ox or bull ,
cf. aksha-axle ;uktaword,speech ;u-gaja(elephant.Conjoined elephant and bull is
bhadraasva or viira bhadra);vaksha(chest),kaksha(armpit)
ukha-vessel,boiler cf.mukha-mouth,face;sukha-happiness
kakshacabin,room,armpit,wall,border,buffalo,grass,equality,balance
kanaka-gold cf.ka(head)-naga(svar-sun) ,hemagold,gagana(nabha-sky)-svar(sky,sun)-svarNa(gold)
kanaa-cummin seed ,minute particle,girl,maid cf.maid with
bhaara-weight of cumin seeds cf.kanaka-kanaa-bhadra(gold).
cf.maa,go
.Tiger
cowry
gara(swallowing,nakra-
.Hence
ca/na gira(go-speech,hill)
hara(ass,fire)
gara cakra(wheel)/sakra(Indra)/sukra(silver,venus)/sankara/
sa-gara/saagara(sea)/ /sahara(sun) .
ghar/kara +
ca/sa
cakra/karsha/harsha/paNa(cf.Mal.cakram-fanam)
viira bhadra/rava/nava(nine= 5+4)/mana
ca-kra /
: : raaja/paada(4,bhaara-weight)/asvaraa-sam/naaasa(maasha-weight/medha-sacrifice/naatha-lord)iisalordvaaca(speech,pada-word;paada-foot,four cf.bhadra
paada-bhadra deva/rava)ya(yava,lakshmi)
maapana(scale,measure)/bhadraasva(gold,emperor)
maapaNa/maa-nava
maa(great)paNa(praise,sound)maanava(man)maana(mana)va(like,pa-herdsman)
Kamsa-cup,bracket,dish,goblet,metal vessel,a
measure,metal,brass(60%copper,40%zinc),bellmetal(85%copper,15%tin)
karaja-Indian beech tree,finger,finger nail
cf.karsha(paNa),harsha-erection,joy
karNa-ear ,diameter(kara-na/cacakra,nri-ka) ,hypotenuse ,
diagonal cf.karaNa-deed,nakra-nose,door,croc,nagaracity,naaga-snake,king,harina-deer,gold
.Two karnas make a mukha
horripilation,cakra-wheel,gras
hair,gaja-elephantcash
, crus
,kesa-
karshakaaca(
balance,string of scales of
balance)kaas(shine)kaasi(the sun-paNa,fist-paNa,clan of
king Bharata cf.ka-aasakings seat,face;kha-aasasuns
seat,the sky )kesa(hair)gaja-elephant
etc.Kaasinaatha(naatha/pa/pati-lord of Kaasi) is
Divodaasa(dvaadasa-12.The raasi-signs of Kaasi-sunpaNa are 12.The raasi/raaji/gaNa-phalange of kaasi-fist paNa
are also 12.Kaasi is raasi(zodiacal sign).
kala-palm tree,time,count,sound,bear,carry cf.kara-hand,gaNagroup,count;hara-ass cf.
Kuupa-well cf.gopa,bhuupa-king,bhoga-snake,food
Kesa-hair,tail,mane cf.harsha,garja,gaja,ka(head)-sa/iisa(god)
Kesava kesa(temple,hair,gaja-elephant)-pa(bhadra-lord,bull
cf.hero with six buns or locks of hair)Vishnu kaasinaatha
bull-elephant(unicorn)Divodaasa/Bharata(bhadra-svar-sunpaNa).
Kraya-purchase
,buying and selling cf.
three,sraya-refuge;ka(water)raya(wealth);arka(sun),argha(price)
Kesara- gold,tail of animal
traya
,hair,mane,filament of flower
(bull,king,elephant,girl,gold,Siva,Durga,head,cipher,auspicious)
Harappa.com .
Gotama- bhadraasana- viirabhadra karsha paNa
Gotama is a vedic sage or priestly tribe like the Gautama (godama) Buddha(Rudra-Mitra-putra).
Viira bhadraja(bull,ca/sa-circle,snake)-ghana(slayer,nakhaclaw)sinhasankha/gunja(both are
circle within circle as
Naava(praise,boat
paaNa(hand)
paNa.PaNa is naava.
)paana(pot-boat)
vaara(tail)
baaNa(arrow)
bhaara
(weight) ,
panana(sale-the seller praises and prices the
product which the buyer agrees to.) cf.panca(five)vanita(desired),vanija(trader),paNasa-article for trade,savanasacrifice.
Viira(king,tail,cover) bhadra(king,bull,cipher) king of kings
samraaja raaja tama go(king,bull,word,earth,sky)tama(greatest;sama,dama-taming) go(king,word) tama (
)AUM
paNa(sound,word)
maana(measure).
maa/
maapana/
Maa-garamaanava cakra(wheel)
SaKra(Indra)rakta(red)raksha(kavaca-amulet)
rukma(gold cf.mohur)go(eye)-bera(vaara-cover)goputa(eye-lid,seal)go(sky)-pura(tower)kubera-copper.It is
the nava(rava-paNa-arka) nidhi of Kubera.
Makaranakranaaga(snake,nagara)hariNa(gold)uragaugraarka(sun)
Nayana+makara na- ma
paNa(praise,property,bet,stake,price,sun,house,sound,weight).
Bhadra naaga gotamago-dama(crush,crushing the fish is
pressing the hand or hand grasp or closing the
eyenimishanamaspaNa closing the eyes in
praising,removing cappals before entering temples and holy
places etc. ).PaNa/namas is bending the head and binding the
raised the hands over it or holding the ears with crossed
hands and bowing the head(sa-ashta-anga;sasti-praise) as in
,
.Sira is bhadra/sarpa/srava.
Netra nayana(cakshu,akshaeye,king,sacrifice)mudramitra
, ,
Mitra-mi(mu-bind)-tra(sara-srii-word,fire,man)-kara(hand)
,
mitra/bhadra/patra/netra/Indra/maatra/maasha
Varuna(nripa)-Mitra(mudra) Mitraavarunanripa
mudrabhadra naaga(bull/male elephantunicorn)kanaka(gold-king of naaga/loha/bhadra-metals)
(tree,leaf)
as
srava(ear,salabha-butterfly)- patra-wing-king
naaga
-karna-
-sarpa
-cakshu(eye) srotra(ear)
varuna(va
-mitraa
garja-roar,elephant cf.maa,go
gaNa-foot(four),group cf: : cf.kaNa(drop),naga(sun),jana(birth),
jina(sun),sina(grain)
gaNita-maths
gaNana-counting,calculation cf. janana-birth,snaanabathing,naaga-elephant,snake,tree
gopa-king,cowherd,Krishna cf.bhuupa-king,kuupa-well
jana-person,people jani-birth nisa-night cf.sin sila-rock,jina-sunthe sun god is the remover of sins(nisa).
graaha-handle
garta(garddabha-ass) is aasana(seat,anus).
bhadra-red,naaga-blackgunjamaa(hum)
gunja-Rosary Pea(Abrus precatorius),drum(
cf.bhaara )
cf.kamsa
,sinha
,sankha
,panca-five
kamsasinha-gunja-panca- bhaara-viira-suura-svar(sun,sound).
jaghana-hip,buttock,vagina
cf.sanga(coitus),sankha(cowry),sinha(tiger) ;ja(bull)ghana(slayer).Loins is lion.Sinha is linga(phallus).Sinha
in jaghana is linga in jaghana.
sankha,sinha,gunja
cakra-wheel,potters wheel,province,authority
raaja cakradharma cakrasrii cakra
cf. karsha,garta-throne,garja-roar
ca/sa-kara/vaara/bhaara.
maa(go)
Tola-weight of 11.67 gms,taula-balance,saura-sun,tiger ;kolaweight of 1-Tola,picu-karsha or weight of two tola;ashtamikaSukti-weight of four Tolas
(cf sa/sugati/gaja).Svaagata(welcome,dva+dva-gaja/aksha-two eyes) is
.
paNa(praise)
PaNa(praise)naava(boat,crow,praise)naaga(elephant,
arrow, snake,tree cf-tree paNa darpaNa-eye
,
)-draviNa(
money-druma-tree,sravaNa-ear;hence
paNa)
svar(sun,sky,sound,gold)nabha(sky)
paNa-mushti(fist, handful; sushti ,ekaanjali,kaasi,pRsrita,
mushtibandha, mushtika,samnakha).
Tri-three,sira-head,dara-cowriedri-sara-arrow,srii-fire,sun
cf.bindi marknaamasrii(dri).Three gods in one god is srii
god.
daksha-diligent,king cf.laksha-mark,raksha-protection,saktastrong
dasa-ten cf raaja-king,desa-region.Dasa raaja,ten
commandments etc.indicate raaja by dasa.
dvaadasa-twelve,cf.king Divodaasa.
deva-deity,cf. rava-sound,the sun,ravi-devi(goddess).
dri-split,tri-three,sri-sun,fire
dara-cowrie cf.
rada-teeth
,sara-arrow,head
dhata-balance
).Water
Netra(eye) is
bull/buffaloe is the eye ball or water drop .
maatra(measure)maa(measure)-tra(sara-water,dara-cowrie).
naaNya-coin,money cf.manya-nape of the neck .Bar marks on
the neck indicate naaNya.
Nama-praise,pasture ground
,cf paNapraise,money,mana-thought,maN-sound;maNa-measure of
grain
Nava-new,nine,crow,praise cf.nabha-sky,vana,paNa
Nabha- sky , naaga-sky,snake;svar-sky,sun;phaNasnake;vana-water,tree
Naa nara-man cf.maa-roar,measure
naama-name,gift,pray ;maana-measure,nama(pasture
ground,praise)-paNa(money)
naara-man,calf,water cf.niira-water,vaara-water,tail.
naaraayaNa-vishnu,naara-yama
niira-water cf.miina-fish,maana-measure
Nri-king,man cf.srii-raaja-king,sun
Nripa-king,kind of measure
nripasriiiisaraajaraajaaga(sun,snake,hill)sa
(god,bird,snake,fence,king)parNa(wing,king has wings)
maanava(man) maa(great,measure)-nava(ninegoarrow,nine,cow,king)/paNa(money,praise)/vana(leaf)
maapaNa(scale) maana(miina
-
)-va(hand,bull)
Naasa-ruin,loss
Naaza-snout,nose cf.the unicorns horn
cf.naaza(nose)maasa(moon,month)maasha(weight)
mesha(ram)medha(sacrifice).
Nishkraya=wages,compensation.NishkrayaNa(redemption).
RiNapatra-nishkrayaNa=redemption of bonds or debentures.
Netra-eye,sacrifice,leader,veil
,river,root of tree
, pipe tube
,2,cloth
,
,beard
cf.Indra,Mitra,mudra-seal, maatra-measure
Pada-step,foot,word,portion,square root,abode,vestige,token,a
measure of length,quarter,wheel cf.pada-go(word)rava(sun,sound;vara/pra/vaara) : :pada-asva-vedadeva(deity)-vada(pada-speaker,speaking)-abda(varsha-year).
PaNa-bet,gaming
, nostrils
house,nava-nine
,wages ,
,vana-tree
, paana-jar
traffic,hand,praise,trade,stake
cf. phaNa-hood of
,
,water,
paaNa-
; baaNa-arrow
etc.
M296a
Sanga/sunga(tree,vata) is sankha.
Tankaanaka(Tanka-naga;naga-tree,elephant,sun,snake,hill) is
viira(bhadra-king,patra-writ,Bharata-king of Kaasi.vaara
door-way;bhaara-weight;trivedi-sriivedi-satyaapana-paNa)
bhadra(panca-5,mudra,Mitra,Bharata,metal,stone)
(darasankha) paNa/DharaNa/suulina(Fig tree,Tola maana-weight of
aTola)/darpaNa(eye,paNitri-trader,sravaNa-ear,fifth
month,draviNa-gold),naaga raaja,mahaaratha,paNitra-trader
Tankaka(stamped coin,Tanka-4 maashas,Fig tree
cf.Gadyaanaka)/maatangaari(siva)/Tangaara(soundpaNa)/sankhadhara(Vishnu)/bhadra asva (unicorn,Fig-king)
aanana(face)/ naaga(naga-Fig tree,naaga-elephant
paNa+
bhadra loha
ka-nagakanaka(Tanka-gold).Tanka naka/phaNa
dharaNa/Tola bhaara- indicate a gold ornament of the weight of
a dharaNa/Tola.
bhadra/patra/paatra/bhaarata/vedi/bhaara/panca/paa/maa
aasana/satamaana/saaNa/paNa/Magadha
(ma
+gadha
PaashaaNa- a weight,spear.Magadha
bhadra/bhaara(king,weight).
Figtree+
Tankaanaka(Fig tree,mulberryTanka-
M298
Bhadra(bull)naaga(unicorn)/
bhadraasva/Gotama-king of kings.
Bhadraasana(throne).Bharadvaaja .Kaasinaatha. Bharata .
Divodaasa- dvaadasa-12-Pisces.Raasi-gaja pon-bhadra paNafish is Kaasi pon-paNa) .Karsha(gaja-unicorn) paNa(fish)/viira
bhadra paNa/bhadra-0/10 naaga-8 80
paNa/bhaara/maana/maaDa/Maasha/miina(fish).
Unicorn on bull(bhadra) is same as unicorn on Vata(Fig-big).
Vata is ta(tail) of Va(bull,tiger).
M300
This shows Nishka/Karsha- formation with bull
and elephant(unicorn) .Bhadra naaga is kanaka(gold)/metal
paNa.
na,bha
sra/dara a
sva/sma
Pala/paNa/Karsha/8
naaga/gaNda/mukha(face,copper,kaaca- string of the scales of
a balace-tulaa,scale being salka of fish-kalasa- , kaaca-kaking,aasa-seat,face;kesa-hair,gaja-elephant.kaasa-kamsacashaka-chalice.Kaasa-kaasi-the sun,the fist,Bharata.It is paNa
of Bharata.Kabala-morsel,kapola-kaashelephants cheeks)
sa(sarpa,phaNa,naaga,go)
naaga(sneha-mitra/sankha/kanaka,tama)
naagakanaka-gold.Mahaa deva,
mahaaraaja,samraaja,mahaaviira,viira bhadra,viira
suura/viira raaja/king of kings,viira naaga/naaga raaja/king
of metals etc.The raised vaara(tail) indicate the
harsha(elation-karsha/mada-joy/tama-best) of the garjapasu(animal-go,pas,vasu,maa).Mada is maaDa(bhaaraweight) indicated by baala(tail,bhaara) .Baala (tail) of
bhadra(bull) is Balabhadra or Pala bhadra(king,stone).
Bhadra(bull,cipher) naaga(asva-gaja-8) unicorn(80)
kanaka,mahaa viira/viira raaja,Viira Sena,viira
sinha,purush vyaaghra etc.
Asva(cf.alef;aja-king,va-bullking of bullsviira bhadra
prabhaata-rising sun.He is aja-usha-dawn.He replaces the
head of Daksha-the year with that of aja-the head of the day )
M502a
Sma-sayana(smasaana) paNa(bali-palli-lizard)
kharjura(silver)/camara(tail).
KhaNda baala/ khaNda paada is gaNda bhaara .One leg is cut
off to make gaNda/khaNda/gandha(piece) and the khanda
paada is shown as the khaNda vaara/baala at the end.
The four units make an animal by itself with the tail at one end
and the mukha at the other end.This animal is a musali
(nakra,pallii, malla) from
croc)
(cf
Nakra/makara is a fish
Jhasha
is fish
ma
sa
)
shaped kundala
la(Mal.mutalafist,barley.
for karNa(ear).
is
is
M489a
Pasu(go,maa,vasu,pas,pash,sephagold,bond) shows paNa/Bhadraasana Karsha paNa .
Samaja(assembly of animals) is samata/matsa/maaDa.Mrig is
to beg.Mriga(pasu) is rukma(vasu-gold).
m478a
PaNa(vana-nava-go-cowdruvaya)MeTa Nava maasha/saaNa kharjura(silver)
bheri/bhaari/vedi/bar/ruupya.
Nava(9) is na
+va
.Note na in
(mana,maana,naama),
(sana,sina,jina,dina),
muNta(shoulder),muNda(head,forehead,skull),maNdala(ornam
,khara(ass)
,nakra(croc)
etc.
Bhaara/Vana(tree)
is paNa(phaNa-
sepa-penis,sephacopper,money,trade,stake , ,
penis,Sesha-Thousand hooded snake bed of Vishnu.Teja-light
is naaga/kiraNa.Sarpa-snake is talpa-bed. Sesha naaga-the
serpent Sesha is desa naaga-king of the place,Dasa raaja-ten
Sesha
naaga is praise to the king or
kings. PaNa
money of the king or money bearing the hood of
Worshipper is arka(copper,argha-
price,arha-worth in money,maaDa-weight).
catura(4)
turiiya(4) is suurya(paNa,copper).Kabandha is the
barrel(cf.barrel drum or barrel organ indicating paNasound)/cask/bushel(cf.the measure of 8 gallons) shown.Drum is
druma(tree) and taamra(copper).This is a seal of copper
mudras.Sapta mudra is sabda mudra or tamra sabda or
dharma cakra or paNa(copper).
kabandha-kavandha-headless
body/cask/belly/water.Namaste(paNa) is na(not)
masta(head) as the head is bent in paNa.Kabandhasabhaanda(vessel,treasure,capital,instrument)
vaNtaka(portion,share)
Ka(head-king)-bandha(bond,pledge) is paNa.Kabandha is
vandaka(praiser,worshipper).Kabandhakaparda(cowrie,80 making one paNa)svarNa(gold,karsha,suvarNa).
The indication is paNa(trade,bet)-argha(value,worth)-foursuvarNa-paNa or bushel (of grain)- price- four- copper.
nava(4+5ninepaNago-cow,king,eye;naagasarpa,king,metal).
ka(go)
va/ba(vaaha/baahu)
na(nara)
may be taken as
matches
.Nava(go)
sukha(well being).
M460b
PaNa(vana) maaDa/meTa mudra(druma).
Druvaya(maapanamaa-measure,pana-paana,vana,nava) is
measurement and dravya is wealth or gold.Dru(tree) is Drava
( -fish,dram-60 grains-3 scruples of 20 grains or 1/8 ounce of
480 grains).Patraasana(tree) is bhadraasana(throne).
cf.M-1186 etc.)
Bhadraasana(patraasana,paatraasana
Druma is droNa(measure of 4 Aadhakas) or soma(red
wine).Dru(daaru)- tree is druu-gold.Vana is paNa.Druma-tree is
Mitra-sun and mudra-seal.Mudra is mukha.Mukha(taamara-
.
SravaNa is mukha or sankha. DraviNa-is money.Money is tree.
Maapana(measure,scale
,
,
) is maa(circlespaNa)+vana(tree,naga) pannaga(serpent;paN-praise,nagathe sun)
(maa-nava)sata(100).This shows a measure
of nine or this seal is used in combination with a weight
indicated by another seal. PaNa six(sex-X-bond,ra ,na cf.
is maa(ra cf.raaja,Raama,Shanmukha) and is
sigma/sinha/cihna/mudra/mitra/druma/dharma/maara
-srii-bhadra
circle+
-srii-bhadra
circle
,
-paNa/phaNagopaNamaavananavago(cow,pas-pasu-vasu-subh-bhuj , smasaana-SaaNabhaj-vas -vis cf.
maana-vasna-vacana-Vishnu-nripa-paNa).
http://www.harappa.com/indus2/135.html
This storage jar has perhaps exciting stories to tell.
sraaNa(baked,cooked) -
three-3
vaara(time).
sara
sara na sraaNa/traaNa.
Sara(5)+sara(5)=10+ 1=11
go(bow)+
go(bow)+ sa
kosa(treasure,paatra-jar,kuuja-jar).
Maanava(man
) is maapana(measure),
maapaNa(scales
),maa(measure,roar)nava(new,nine-go-cow) and maana(measure
) -va(king,tiger,paw,bow,go-cow).Hence
tigers and bows are attached to him to show
the Kings measure/weight.
droNa (archer,a vessel,a soma vessel, a measure of 4
Aadhakas),maapana(measure),vipaNa(sale),sena(missile,
dart,body-hence gaaTRA-deha-sena-body is attached to
kara caapa/sara-hand bows/arrows).Camasa is a soma
Camuu is soma jar with two parts.
jar.
Arka(sun,copper) is ardha(half) and kara(hand,kharaass,hara-ass,Siva-ardhanaariisvara).
(hand) is sara (
etc.)-
arrow,water,5), gara(swallow)
and gira(hill,word)
.PaaNa(palm) is
baaNa(arrow), paNa(sound,word), paana(pot,jar) and
vana(water).Dra(sara,tra-tri)viNa(vana,baaNa,paNa,paaNa) is money. Deha(body) is
sena(archer) , aksha(axle,eye) and gaja(gaatra-garja).
SaravaNa(personal name has sara-paaNa)
bhadra
viira is SaravaNa-king of kings.
Sa+ka+sa=saakha=kaaca(scale)=saakshi(witness=mudra,
mitra)sakti(Bhadra/Durga devi) cakshu(eye)
sakthi(the thigh,
,the female organ,the thigh was the
organ of paNa,a servants hands were to be placed under
the masters thighs to take an oath as sakthi is
cakshu,sukhita-pleased,sa-gatigods way,sugati-good
condition,suukta-praise) sukti(ounce) or Tuta/Pala(2
Ounces-56.68 grams).
Viira bhadra dharmaDhahrma putra(Yudhi-sthira
Yudhishthira-the Paandava king). His guru is DroNa.
This pot belongs to his period ?
ThePuruswere a Rigvedic tribe, located at the banks of
theSarasvati River around 3200 BCE(RV 7.96.2). The
Bharatas were one of their factions.In the Battle of the Ten
dehadraaksha)
soma)sroNa(throne)soNa(red,blood,fire)suraa
(water,jar, soma-daughter of VaruNa).
Viira-vaara-bhaara,
, ,
,
bhadra(immersed in water-drunken!).
viira
Suraa(soma)tulaa(scales)suula(spear,arrow)tola
(karsha).
Bhata(soldier) paNa(sound)-rava(sound,bhadra-the sun
with his vaara-ray -arrows)-phat(sound at incantation-paNa)phata(hood,tooth)-pada(word, foot)-bhara(bhri/hri-bear)pala(weight)-bala(strength)-vala(strength)-paNa(price,game)
Sarapa/va(water,v=5,sira-head).Hence
paana(jar
cf.baaNa,bhaama)Dasaraaja(ten kings)Dasaratha.
paana 3
Kudava etc.)
Dasaraaja
vaara(measure)jar of 3 volumes(druvaya-
bhadra(stone,metal,king),paatra(pot)
vaara(bhaara-weight,Vaari-jar).
pa/bha/va+
sara-3+
sara-3 +
dasa(dasma)/nava(maa-nava)
=5*3=15
But dos(hand,bhuj-fish) is dasa(ten).Fish+6=16
Fish man=10*10=100=satamana(10 fish)
Hence
pancadasa=15=maa-nava=maa(3+3=6)pana(10)16 .16 maasha=1 karsha.
Cakra-karsha(6,six seasons,six spokes,six faces of
the sun/paNa,six locks of hair etc)ca/sa
kara/sara/dara/tara/tra-3-trisuula(index,middle,ring fingers
make three,ring is mudra/mu-tra)
3+
karsha.
Prastha=32 Palas/ Aadhaka/16 Palas/4 Kudavas/2
Saraavas/6Palas/ 1/16 DroNa
The capacity of a vessel is its cooking capacity,or holding
capacity of grain or water.
ralaIndra,netra,srii,raaja.
La +
ca/bha
labh-to procure.
Saravarapra-pra+
nava(agna,aksha)praNava(AUM).
Since
svar,naaga,go =
svar,naaga,go ;
Mahaa
bhadra
viira/paNa.
drashtaasrashtaa(maker,mantradrashtaamantrasrashtaa-Rishira-ishu).
Surprisingly Rishi is a seer.And Seer(sihr) is the
Ser(measure,28 lbs,80 Tolas,24 Rupees etc.).
Mudra(signet)mu-saramukha
-ukha(pot)
droNameaure,paNanaselling,buyingmaapana/maana(measure).
maa
paatra(jar)
paNa(palm,vaara,viira,vaari-jar).
Argha(price)
15
paNa .
Balavila(price)paNavalalavalabh(to
get,procure)paNaalavaNa
M155
PaNa-
aksha(Karsha,5,mudra)panca
(five)Aaramaa(coin of 5 Tolas).
Hema/Malla/mukha/GaNda/Tanka/saaNa/Masa /sma /
Me/paNa
maaDa/SaaNa/Tanka/aabharaNa/phaNa/nishka
aksha/khaNda/Tanka/bar/1/5/ 8.
Kuntha is a maid or slave
also whence slaves were treated as money.Sma+saaNa is
smasaana(medhamaaDa).Ass is naada and daasa(slave).
ashta( 8)-
musali(palli-bali-Pala)/aasana/naaga/saaNa-is
Pala/paNa/nishka.
Bhaara/vaara(bar)
panca(five)/
loha(metal)
paNa(money);
panca(5);
Mahaa
Viira
pan
sa/ca
bhadra(Bharata);
bhadra-
aasana(throne)/asva(vac-word,avasa-king,the sun)
paNa ;
viira
,baaNa
Paala-protector,king,begging bowl
gain,paada-foot
PhaNa,nostril
serpent hood,
, crozier
cf.naava-boat,praise
cf.baala,laabha-
Praasa-scattering,casting,throwing,barbed missile
foodprice-paNa
,spear
Presha-sending,despatching
Bandha, bond
,bundle, fetter, body, , chain,
ligature, pledge,bondage, cf.panca-five,vand-praise,sandhaagreement,union,shanda-eunuch,saanda-having testicles
Bhadra-fair,fortunate,great,big(cf.vata-Fig,big),auspicious,title
of address(srii,sir),water, wagtail, a sitting posture(deities of the
seals),gold,girl ,bull
,cipher
,elephant
,hill
rock cf.patra,paada,purusha,bhaara,pardus,pardos,viira
bhadrapaarthabardward.
Bharata-priest,dancer,actor,fire,mercenary,potter,weaver
cf.deva,veda,svar,atharva,vrisha,bhadra,Peter,pater,father.
Priests were good actors as gods intermediaries.Dancers
are shown even on trees to indicate the dance of the scales
when weights are added or removed.
Bharatabhadra(king)patra(writ)vrisha(bull)svar(sun,
sound,sky)rava(sun,sound) veda pada(word,foot,four)
deva(god).Bharata is bhuusura/bhuudeva.
Bhaara-weight,load,baara-opening,aperture cf ,
bharabestowing,weight,mass,gain,prize,battle;vaara,baaNa,bera
BaaNa-
arrow
,body(sena);paana-jar, bhaama-sun
no,not,apportion, ,
roar,
bleat,
border, erect
measure,
bellow,
pray ,
build, : :,
maa(paNa-kaimaattam/vinimaya-Xchange)na(not,do not)
Maana-
measure,
dwelling,
altar, size,height,
honour,
cord(cf.links measure),dimension,weight
cf.miina,niira,vaara,bhaara
devotion,
,measuring
Maanava-man
cf.maa(go) nava(baaNa-nine-go is
nine).Maapana measuring,scales,balance
maa-vana(great
tree cf.Fig tree-big tree .Aalamaram-aanamaram.).Being
vriksha-vri-uksha/gaja asva(vac) tied to it to indicate-maa(roar)paNa(sound,oath) =garja=gaja/uksha or the kings measure
and oath of authority(satyaapana) to the weight and measure.
Maatra- amount
(maatradruvayadravya),measure of
time,measure,moment, money(phaNii)
foot
,wealth,jewel
Maapa-count,measure
sun,paana-cup
cf.paaNa-hand,bhaama-
MukhaTaamra-copper,abrus.
Mukha naaga
dram
nakrakarnasrava drava
mallakasamputa
Mudra-joyous,seal,script
Moha-desire,homa-sacrifice
Yantra-amulet,machinemantra(hymn)Ya(barley,lakshmi)maatra(measure)taraNi(boat,sun).Boat shaped amulet
.
Yaaga-sacrifice,offering cf.aga-the sun
Yajna-sacrifice,fire cf.agna-fire
Raksha-protection,amulet cf rakta-cakra-yantra raja- dakshaking
Raya-zeal,course,water
Rayi-wealth,treasure cf.ravi-sun
Rava-sun,sound cf. Deva,svar,paNa
Ravi-sun cf. devi-viira-suura-svar-bhaara
cf.
Liksha-egg of alouse
Linga- gender,phallus
,emblem cf.cihna-sinha
tejas .Loins
cf.nishka
retas-
VaNa-sound,noise cf.paNa-sound,phaNa-snake
Vana-forest,tree
house,
water,
,wood,grass
ray of light,
m1186
m296a
h178b
h179b
.
on the
woman cf.paNita-bet,wager
vaNija-
Vanija-trader
room,bride-groom,
Vara-best,gift,boon,
cf.tama nara,nri,vaara-tail
circumference
Varaatakacowry, rope,
cowry,kapardaka-coin in barter
Varsha-year,rains,
cord cf.kaparda-
tail,
cover,
roof,count,times,
door,hair,treasure,turn,
kara,
vessel for
multitude cf.viira,suura ,
spirituous liquor,goods,quantity,
,: :paada,bhaara,
arrow,
gira
VipaNa-market place,shop,sale,bet,wager
Viira-hero ,matron,wife,fire,man,sacrificial
fire,actor,son,chief,reed
,haara
Vrisha-bull
cf. vaara
,water
,husband, a form of
bhaara
reed,water,head,number 5 cf.kara,zara-
arrow,
going,liquid,waterfall,brook
sa-ra,dhara;cara
Saya-sleep,hand,couch,chameleon
cf.jaya,yaja,taya
Suura-warrior,hero,teacher,tiger
cf.spearing the bull.
,sun cf.viira-suura-suula
suula(trident)
sun,tola,tulaa
sarduula(tiger)srii-suurathe
Satyaapana-ratification of bargain,verification
Sanka-doubt cf.sinha,jangha,jaghana,kamsa
Sankha-cowrie cf.sinha,jangha,jaghana,sanku,sangha,
sa-nakha,kamsa,gunja
Sangha-group, sabha-group
Sandha-junction,union,agreement,promise,vow,treaty
cf.aasanda
,bandha,vanda,paNa
h094
Note the prominent nakha(suurpa
nakha,sinha,sankha) ,vaara( tail+lines),open mouth of
garja(tiger,maa-roar,measure;garjaKarsha;maa+paana=maapana-measure/weight) .Sinha is
panca
(five) and maara(hinsa-killing,maaDa-bhaaraweight).Panca is Maasha.Hari(tiger) is gold.Suura(tiger) is
malla/suula/Tola.Bhaari(tiger) is Tola.Saarduula is sara(5)Tolas.Panca is penny or pence.Paana
paNa(weight).
is
paa/maa+ ra/da/shabhaara(weight)/paada( ) /
Maasha/ maaDa(weight) / meTA(tower).Hence this indicate
Malla meTa paNa or a gold bar of weight 5 Tolas or Tola or
1Maasha
k50ac
Bhadraasana Karsha/Tola - 4.Bhaari(tiger) is
Tola(suura).Saarduula is 5Tolas.Jaghana bhaara is
sinha(sankha/Gunja)bhaara.The sinha /garja/paNa(maa) on the
jaghana(ma) is linga in ma/ta indicating paNa(madasex,maaDa-weight) and maapaNa(weight).It is
paNameTa.HariNa(gold) is sringa(horn).Garja(Tiger) is
Karsha/Tola. Suura(tiger) is suula/Tola/taala/tail
Svar-heaven , ,water
vaara,svarNa.
,sun
Ha-heaven ,cipher
,gold,coitus (maa),water ,
destroying ,moon,horripilation,war,weapon cf.ka-head,water;
ha-vana (offering) is ha(coitus)-paNa(sex,bali).
Hri(bhri,nri,sri;haara-garland)
hrii(shame)hari(gold,tiger,bull,man,Vishnu)
Hara-siva,ass,fire;destroying cf.kara-hand,tax;khara-ass
Harta-destroying,sun cf.harsha,garta,Karsha
Harsha-happiness,pleasure,bristling,erection cf.garja,Karsha
Hari-yellow,green,Vishnu,snake(phaNi)
gold,lion/tiger,horse,sun, monkey , man
cf hariNa
Haara-taking away,levying,garland,wearing,
bearing,confiscation,loss,war,fire,necklace cf.bhaara-weight
HariNa-deer,stag,sun,gold
nakra(nose,croc)haraNa(hand)karNa(ear)kiraNa(sun,
rays)
Hamsa-swan,mountain
Himsa-killingsinha-mahisha-maara-killing
hiraNa=gold,cowry(weight of gold,cowry,abrus seed)
cf.kiraNa/hariNa.
hiraNya=gold piece,coin;a measure;gold,gold vessel,substance
hiraNyaya =desire for gold
hiraNyayu-desiring gold
hiraNyaya-golden
hiraNyayashti-golden tree.
Homa-sacrifice,burnt offeringcf.Ma-kha, mu-kha,moha,soma ,
dhuma,sona,magha;makha pleases kha-the fire god.
37.Hebrew
Am-people
ma/na
samaja(assembly of animals),samata-equality.
ben-son cf.baala-baaNa
yidad-to count
eben-stone cf.paNa-weight
yaasa-to protect cf. taya-protection
as in
paNa,bhadra,patra saa,sama(=)
sua-prosperity cf.sva-wealth
seba-agreement cf.vaca,pada
sar-king cf.srii/raja-king
dam,daam-blood cf. taamra-red
kiryaa-city cf.nagara-city
arba-four cf.aya,paada,vara,bhaara: :
maanaa-to divide cf.mana
Debora-beetle,bee
Paaniim-face cf.PaNa-mukha-face/kings face;suns face.
Bethaanya-bethnyaa-house of palms cf
vaasa(house) : :
+paada
Bethal-house of emptiness
Bethel-house of god
Haar-mountain cf.gira-mountain
Daabar-to speak cf.bharata,svar(the sun,sound,heaven.Hence
sound belongs to the element-aakaasa-sky)
Tabera-fire- bharata-bruuhi-Hebrew-Braahui
Sene-thorny bush cf.sun
Aaden-to enjoy cf.ad-to eat
Ednaa-sexual pleasure cf.Eden and eating of forbidden
fruit.Maa is paapa-sin.
Par-bull,sor- bull,ros-head , saar-captain
cf svar,suura,suula
Saatar-officer
baar- to light a fire cf.par
daabar to speak
heres-the suncf.karsha harta paNasun
peter-first born cf.pitri,bhadra
seba-seven cf.sapta-seven
seber-grain
saabar-buy grain or food
visraanana-sale cf.vipaNa-sale
seqel-shekel-unit of weight cf.karsha
Nimrod-Drona-taruna(youth,yudha-samara-taamra)
Sopaar-trumpet cf.svara-sound
Mayim-waters cf.ma-water
Ses-six,sixty cf.shad-six,hexa,aksha
Taberaah-burning
Ros-head
Ah-firepot cf.aga-fire
Iys-man cf.sha-man
El-god cf la-Indra
ah-sa or
k026
Kudava is small pot.
kuta-pot+
pa(leaf)
is kutava/kuDava.Pa(patra-leaf,writ;bhadra-king,bull
elephant,gold) naaga(phaNa-paana-paNa ) or
bhadranaaga(gold,king of metals,king of
kings,unicorn,maleYak,80)paNa
patra(writ);sa(pot)+parNa(leaf)suvarNa(Karsha/Tola)
paananaaga8.Ashtaapada is gold.
Kalasa measure is DroNa.KuNda is
gaNda/dahana/mukha/malla.ParNa is nripa and paNa.
This is malla meTa paNa.
maa/paNa
Pa/paNa/Na
paNamaapanabhavanakarsha paNa Tola.
Sarpa(paatrasarva)+patrasarvabhadra(auspicious in every
way).SvarNa is used as an auspicious symbol.
The parNa/karNa of
is shown separately as
instead
of as
+ + =
.saaNa+saaNa=Karsha/paNa/Kudava.
etc.Pagoda is Kudava.
DTIS-page21.Fig-1.14.
2600-2500BC. Three zebu bulls are tethered to three different
trees.Sasya(plant) is satya(truth,pledge).Vana(tree) is paNa
meTa.Bull is malla/Pala/Valla/saNka.3 bulls + 3 trees is 3 Palas
or 3 malla paNa meTas.
The buttocks(guda-garta-gaNda-kuNda) symbols indicate
bhadraasana(throne) or gaNda/malla maaDas/meTas.
The bulls are marked with dots to make
padma(srii)/gaNda/malla paNa meTa.Eight dots on the middle
bull indicate ashtapruuda or ashtaapada.Cross lines
on the
palla(belly, ,valla) first bull indicate viira/vaara/haara/kaara/bar
of bhadra(gold) and bhaara(weight) of bhadra(king) or viira
bhadra(king of kings,king of metals-gold).Hand(paaNa) is
band/wand/vend(paNa)/bend
etc.
The kesara(filament,saffron,asafoetida,hair,mane,fibre,gold) of
flower indicate kesara (gold) and khecara(bull,paNa-sun).
Go(bull,maa)-vana(nava-paNa-go) is cow money.Va(bull)-Ta
(sound,pledge) is maaDa or meTa.Dru/druma-tree is
drava(dram) and druvaya(measure). Vrisha-bull is purushaman.Vrisha tied to the vana-tree is purusha tied by the paNa or
satyaapana.
A Drava(Dram
, ) contains 3 Scruples (3.888 grams)
of 20 grains each and is equal to one-eighth apothecaries'
Ounce of 480 grains.A bull and a tree can make a Scruple as
the bull is the grain itself. A valla(bull) is six barley corns= 0.39
grams.Vana(tree) being nava(9), 0.39*9=3.51 grams.
Drava
maanavamaana(miina
DTIS page21
)-va(pa)maa(nava)
mallameTa
placed
Ficus Religiosa
.
Ficus religiosa,Asvattha,
) also.
viirabhadra
tra(vaara/bhaara/viira)
,
viirabhadra
pa-
bhadra-cipherbha-dra/ne-tra
(bha=na=ha=ma)
patra-bird
and
bhadra-hill
bhadra-bull,king,gold
girl
bhadra-elephant
drava-fish
bhadra-
dru-tree(drava;vu)
, or
, or
, or
ma sa,aa damaad(bull,weight;maa-moo,Tasound=bull)meTa(vaara-tower,viira-hero,bhaara-weight).
Hapiskapilaravi(sun)viira(hero)
prhousevaara-roofpura-house,city.cf.mr(pyramid)
pr-aAPharaoh prabhu(lord)viira bhadra(king of
kings)
ptHPtah compare with
Dhanus/DruuNa/sara
Pura/Vaara
mr pyramid
meTa(tower)/pura(house)
meTa-pagoda
leaf
http://www.mohenjodaro.net/heartwell81.html
Pipal-leaf shaped well, Lower Town -viira bhadra
the bull tied to the Fig,the well,the elephant tied to the elephant
big- Fig all indicate Viira bhadra.
Go(sun,king,ku-bhuu-earth)go-pa(cowherd,king)
kuupa(well,ku-pa-water,king,leaf)bhuupa(king).
The leaf shaped well illustrates the application of the language
symbols in all spheres of Harappan life.
GaNda(raaja,khaNda-piece,malla-hero)
maaDa(maana/bhaara/paada/medha)/samaapa(sacrifice)
saaNa(cf.body is sena) /satamaana(cf. saa-sasasata)/varaaTa(cf.
vaara-aa)
masa(mass)/ viira(hero)/
vaara(tail)/ bhaara(weight)/maaDa(weight)/baala(hair)/bar
bhadra(king,stone)/patra(leaf,bird,writ)
The
second and
The
third and
arjuna-silver,
praasa+
deha
praasaada-meTa/prastha-
mr-overseernri/nripa(king),
mm-among
sama(equal),mama(mine),hariNa(gold)
maa-seemaa(weigh,roar,go-eye,cattle,miinanayana-maa )
mai-lionma/ta-loinma(lion/tiger) on
ta/ma(loin) is mada(sex,six) and maaDa(paNaweight,sex.Mal.tuukkam-weight,sex.Sukha-sex is mukhapaNa).
mi=as,likena-like.
maHattombmeTa-tower.
mnt=thigh,
mnt-swallow
muNTa(shoulder),Tanka(Tanga-jangha-leg)
cf. munch/pinch.Pinda=mass,sakthi(thigh)-sukthi(cowrie,8 dram
weight=Ounce/Pala.Mal.Tuta-thigh,measure of
Kudava/NaaDi
sarpa(ashtanaaga=8=
mu(join)-kha(cipher)8/
=maa-8,mi,me, va,vi.Mukha is
or naasa(nose,maasha-mesha)
mrt-slavesmarta(man,rodana-cry
Mh-cubitmaa(measure,bhuja-cubit Mal.muzha-cubit)
msH-crocodilemaasha/saaNa
musali-croc
msDr-ear
sravaNa=ear;masta-head;
matsa-fish;Trimsa-30,thirtieth
mSa-armysena(army,body;saaNa
).
sravana/Menaka/maanava/maapaNasira-vana/paana
praNava praviiNa manna malla vallabhaviira
bhadravaara-paatra
elephant,bull,buffalo,croc,tiger
) nii(king) bhadra(bull,drava/usra
uksha(bull
)viira(hero, hari-
bhaara(maada weight,maa-go-cow,Ta-sound)paNa(
weight,house ,meTa
).
kanakakaNkaNa.
kara/paNa
paNameTarukma(gold)makara
namovrita(namas)paNacakra
bhaaravaara
anna,sina,sankha,masta, sasta,shadja,shadka,
sashTi(cf.Mal.caTTi-pot,sixty;kuta+annakutannakaikkudanna-anjali;kudava) +
mu(joined,cf.mukha
)-
+
+
kuta/kuNta/gaNta/gandha/khaNda)
tra(3;3+3=6;
paNamudrapaNameTa(weight of six barley
grains)kuNdala(nakra-karNa)kuntala(barley grain;six locks
of hair-paNameTa)paNamudra(Tanka) mukhamudra
karamudrasankhamudradrava(dram)DraNkshaNa
kreNa(paNa)
varaaNapuraaNadroNasroNagaNda maaDamalla
maaDaviira bhadra paNa
hand made
,
kharjura(silver,silver puraaNa)
viira bhadra paNa
nripanaama bhuu srii(nanbuutiri-Kerala Brahmin).
Karaviira(thumb)dhanvi(archer)
Tarjani (desini-forefinger,index)darsana
go(eye,index,king,cow)paNasriinriraajagogocara.
Krishi giri(hill)-dhi(seat)
kriti(work,creation)
viirabhadra
vaarapatra
vaarapatra-paatra(vaara,kuta,kuNda)-nakrakundala
makara kundala-paNa
na-grain ) nava(nine,go-cow-paNa
)
vana(tree,water,house)yavaviira(bhaara,bar)bhadra(king,gold,metal).
Namamana(paNa-house)
maana(measure)
maatra(measure)netra(eye,king,sacrifice,Indra)
go(eye,sky,cow,sun)/to/su
sma/masa/maa/mi/mu/paa/pi/pu/pra/la
3/30/300
netra/maatra/Indra
prastha
) is sandhi(loins,market).Sandhi is panca/Nandi.
Tri+netra=trinetra(siva),Tirindra(5,6,32,300)
tri-3,
netra-2 dvaatrimsat-32.
)-
ant,moth,diamond,
paNa/vaara/bhaara/naaga/Ta+
rpa/maa/psa/pra/sva+ a,na,sa
asvavaara/asvaviira(horse man,cavalierviirabhadra
bhadraasvabhadranaaga), asmabhaara(stone weight, The
Stone-PaashaaNa is a unit of measure equal to14 pounds
avoirdupois, or6.35kilograms
asma is amza-
M-649
Ka
mukha/malla/gaNda(ka-head)
go(
tail of bull,maa-roar,measure),
pura(paNa-house;gopura ,
,
meTa
maaDabhaaravaaraviira);dvaara(door-dvaara is made
pr/pura/ vaara-roof ,+
vaara-tail,
arrow,
cupdvi-vaara/bhaaraC-sa/ca + vaara-tailsvar)+
aksha(karsha,5,akshata-grain) ; bhadra(bull,gold,king;Karsha/
cakra-cipher-mushti-fist- na/pa/ca/ka/ra;Na/a is cow)
suvarNa(karsha/paNa)puraaNavaraaNa(Indra)viira
bhadra(viira raaja/raaya/malla/gaNda) malla paNameTa or
simply malla meTapanca(five)Dvaarakasvarga(heaven).
arka(sun,copper,12)akshaargha(price)kara(hand,tax).
M-272
aksha(Karsha,sina-akshata-grain)/
go/bhadra(king,bull,gold,ka,na,kha)/hari/hira
me/mesha/naaga/phaNa/paNa/tama/sha/svar/kha/na/ha
naka(ornament)/phaNa(ornament)/kanaga(gold)/Ganga/gagana
(sky) /kaakiNi(weight)/gahana (pearl chain)/
mesha(ram)/MeTa(tower)/hariNa/hiraNa etc.The hariNa has the
valla vaara/hira marks to make it malla meTa or hariNa-hiraNa.
It is viira bhadra paNa.Aja(ram,king) is raaja.Aja raaja is
ekaraaja(only king).
aksha/arka/bhadra
=0/10/pala;
naaga(ram)=8,
M324b
paNa/mukha(face,copper)
Kalansu(weight).3 Kalansus make a paNa(Karsha,copper).
The bull in mada raises its tail.The man in mada raises his
phaNa(penis)
Mukha/aasa/aasya(mouth,seat,posteriors) is me or
mesha.Mesha
is aja(ram,king)
or sa(god,naaga).
Aja is
ass/ace/ayas(copper,gold,fire;aya
)/saya(hand,snake,sex;sa-yabarley,bhaga
)/yaja(sacrifice,japa-yava)/makha(sacrifice)/
hu(hava/yava)/ukha(pot)/yuga(two)/yama(two).
4+sa
+ansu
(filament,thread)
,a +sa
pound by weight)
.The Libra (Latin for scales / balance) was
an ancient Roman weight equivalent to approximately
328grams. It was divided into 12 Uncia,
Mukha(paNa)arka12(cf. M018a
Hence
Ounces;
=Ounce/kala/division cf.
12 maasa(months),12
24 jina(horas-hours).
Kala/akshakaNa(drop)kara(hand,tax)kata(loins)kuta
(kuNda,droNa)kiNa(grain) khala(heap,field)
gaNa(count) gala(neck)guda(anus)ghaTa(nipa
paNa)tala(palm)hara(ass)hari(tiger,gold)
haara(garland) bhaara(weight)baala(hair)vaala(tail)
vaara(tail)luuna/loma(tail)lavaNa(salt)roma(hair)ruh(to
rise)rukma(gold) rodana(cry) loha(metal)
sobha(shine). kata/kataka/Naa/Pala is
kanaa/kuta/kutava/ukha/mukha/naaga/paNa/va/go(cow).
Kata is saha(together,with,strength,union is strength) and
sata(100).Sahatra is sahasra (1000).Katamukha is
aanavaatil(big door of temple)
or pancamukha(broad faced;king,lion,tiger,nakra,ass,sankha
etc).Katamukha is satamakha(
Indra).
caksha(saha-ca/sa/sha)/netra(king,Indra,eye
)SaaNaDharaNa(8 Vallas,10Palas)
SaaNameTa is gaNda /malla meTa.
triNa(Pala)
to distract
visvavi-two,dva-twofour,
aya-4,haya-elephant,usha-dawn mitra/netra/Indrami/mu
saha,bond+tra-tri-three) who was performing a tapas-penance
to dethrone Indra .Visvamitra is Indra himself being the sun at
mesha Aries-in the annual cycle. This is an excellent example
of akshahridaya employed by the parokshapriya
devas.Menaka( angana-woman,maanava-human;Mal.mankawoman,ankana-impressing a seal) is mesha naaga,
vishu(vishuvat=equalpaNasama) naaga,the rising
naga(sun),naka(phaNa-ornament).
Menaka is
maa(great,weight)-naka(gold,ornament) ,maanava(human)
;
maapana(measure,scales)
phaNa(ornament)
also.Many of the vedic weights indicate
the Troy system for weighing precious metals and medicines.
ha(gold)-tra is haatra(wages),haataka(gold,ha-kata) etc.
phaNa/sa(eka-1,god,snake)+ Indra
phaNiindra(king
cobra
note the rings of the
cobra)cobracopperKubera(lord of wealth).Synonyms of
sun and snake are synonyms of copper.
Sa+ kataSakata( a measure,2000
Palas)cakra(wheel)Sakra(Indra)Sukra(venus,silver)
Durga(suurya-sun).Like ashtanaaga,ashtavasu,naagapancami
etc. Durgaashtami is also special for the Hindus.
Tra-three kalas make a sRNkhala(chain).
Me
sRNkhala
-8,
string),rasana(16 string),and
kataka is na(bond)/la(Indra)/naaga/
phaNa(snake,ornament)/ nakra(nose,hand,kuNdala,drum,croc)
.Naa(tri-na,triNa,dharaNa) is naala
/ maala/meTa/haara.
naala(tube) of anna(grain) is
annanaaLa/gala/kaNTha(throat)/krika(throat)/karka(white
horse,crab,croc;white horse-bhadraasva-bhadranaagabhadraasana-bhadraasma-sun)/griha(house,meTa/paNa).
Haara placed onkhaNda is nishka.Nishka is shown by
vaara/bar/hair lines on the neck.
Kala/Kati +aasa kalasa(DroNa cf.sroNakaTakutagudaghaTanipapaNa)
kata/kataka ,
,
=a twist of straw or grass, a
shop/market(krii,paNa), a string
,
, a screen of straw
,a straw mat
a hill or mountain
,a valley
a circle
,sea salt,troops,caravan,Kalinga(
,wheel
kataaha-
boiler,
caldron,
frying pan,turtle
shell
,winnowing basket,acot,ayoung female buffalo whose
hors are just appearing
kataara/kitaara-a leather smith
katakata/mallamalla/harihara/taali-best,noble,sound of grinding
teeth
, Siva, Ganesamalla,gaNda
peppercorns.
kata-pruu=gambler,Siva cf.
akshaglaaha,akshadyu(gambler)
netra
DroNa
me/maa/mesha/maasha/maapa/mukha
/aja/ayas/iisa/sa/naaga/gaja/ka,
,
beam),nakra,makara,Kalinga(
ka+
linga/link).
is
vana/paNasavana(sacrifice)panca(five,pinch).
hira/haara/rukma;ruh-rise,ma-na-lagrain,pearl,bead/roma-hair/luuna,loma-tail/loha-metaltail/mahira-sun,
ma hira/makara
/ mitra
(friend,bond,paNa,kuNdala)/mudra(seal)/motira(ring)/smasaana
(medha)/mukha(8)-SaaNaPala)/ ,
maa-
na naka/phaNa(ornament).
,kuNda
kuntala
elephant,arrow,sun)ravi(sun,ra-vibird,arrow)bhaara(weight)viira(hero)raasi(cf.raasipon
paNam)
H094
ka,a,sa,da,na,sha,anga,sena,sina,hari(man,tiger,gold) +
dvaar/svar/Ta,kaa,naa,nna,Na,maa,paa,saa,caa,nava,vana,
paNa,Tanka,KaaNa(cf.oTTakkasu-coin with a central
hole),phaNa,panca
(five-sinha-Pence)vaara(viira)
cakra,sarpa(naka,naga)KaNva( a vedic name)
kanaa(woman)Anna(Naa-go-cow;1/16
Karsha)Dvaaraka(svarga-Krishnas place;svarNa , )
naaga(best,elephant,snake,8)maaDameTaKarsha
paNameTabhaararaaja-Raat(Raattal cf.Raattal weight=40
rupees=1Pound)saaNa(weight)viira(hero)
savana(sacrifice)hariNa(gold,svarNadvaaraNakanakanaka-ornament).Maanava is maapana
,
the former(saaNa) is lower weight,the latter (Asma-Stone) is
higher weight .Rattal is the same.Raat(Hind.rahta) is cakra
( wheel,raaja,samraat-king of kings-viirabhadra)
Manava(man,maapaNa-weight,scale,Libra) is
roar,bleat ;maa-measure;go) + na(bera-
Maa(garja -
bodybhaaravaaraviirasena) +Va(sinha,5)
beracobrakubera copperpaNanahas
go-
sarpabhadracakra arkaarghaghar
phaNa(ornament).
sa(snake,god,bird)crossSumer. sa-god.
Maana-length cf.manayati measurement for buildings.
suura(tiger),hari(gold),bhaari(Tola,garja-Karsha).
kata(pan-paNa,shop,droNa-jar,measure).Paana
is paala(pa/va-king)/phaNa(ornament).
paNa(praise,money)
suura
sena(dvaara/suunya
Sinha(Tiger,lionVaV, W,M
,
,
, pancafive cf.the roman numeral five;Ta-svar,ankamarkaTanka-4 maashas,SaaNa,mint)garja(roar,maa-
go)panca(five,sinha-ma,+paaNa-paNamaapaNa
maanava)Gunja(Ratti)
PencepaNa/phaNa
pancasha(lion=5)
5
PencepancapentamaaDabhaara(weight)bhaari
(Sinha,Tola).
(cf. /) further
, ,
maasha-
maapana- maatra/bhadra/vaarabahumaana/baahulya/baahuleya
keesakaasiraasiraajiraaja
ceilingshilling
maa(roar,measure,go-cow,bow
) /sinha(V)
/linga /srii/
wp indicating viira bhadraking of
kingsking of metalskings measuretreasury
weightstone weight etc.
Viira vaarabhaarapaala(lord,king)baala(kiraNa-
Baal hazor-Heres-garta-cakra-bhadra-raaja.
M079a
PaNa(mukha-copper,eka-
1,arka-12)/malla/gaNda
naga/sha/kha/ka
kubera-copper/maaDa/meTa
phaNa/sarpa/hari/naaga/raaja/saaNa
PaashaaNa(Stone,stone weight;maapana,maatra)
Maapana(measure)- SaaNa-naaga(8)Pala(phaNa=8).
Ashtanaaga ashta saaNa(Pala-bull,phaNa-sarpa-vrisha).
Kati(loin)/na/maa/me- aa/saa/yaa(loin)kati(loin)/maa/na/megadyaanaka(weight)maa on
khalamekhala(ornament,region).
hariNakanakanaka(phana-ornament)svarNa
hiraNyaaksha(gold phaNa-ornament,akshakarsha,die)akshadyuupaNaaanaka(bheri-bhaari-Tola)
gadyaanaka(48 Rattis weight).
gabhaga bhagavan. ya+
aksha/va/sayaksha/paNya/yava/yaja/gaja/haya/kasha
(grinding stone).
.
spa(viira),paNa,sva(wealth),asva(elephant)
manca(meTa), panca(five)/sina(grain)
cakra
/shatka/sakala(gaNda/gandha/khanda)/salka/sulka/sukla(sukrasilver)/ Sakra(Indra)/kanaa / naka/ anka/kaNa/kina/sina/
sma(face)/sankha/sinha/ gunja/ jangha/jaghana /
mekhala(rasana,nakra)/ makara(kuNdala,godhi,
, ;gocroc,forehead,godha-sinew
,
,chord,
mukhacows facekings face;godhikagodhukacowherd,king,a drum,ant eater-its grip is famous,like the bite of
thecroc to indicate paNa/bond;conch)/nakra(kuNdala).
nara/haara/hari/sha/bera+ pa/Na/go/kara
nriparudramudravrisha (ravi-viira-sa=svar)/
varsha/cakra/Sakra/sukra(sukla-silver)/hariNa(gold)/ kuberacopper / karsha/panca/
go-nava/maapana/maapa/maana/maasha/meTa/medha
malla/viira/vaara/bhaara/maa/go
mekhala/maapana/paashaaNa(stone)/maaasiiti(80)/mushti(fist). cf ma moon. Maatra =ma-moon+ moon+
pa+ na maapanamoon between starsnaaga
naaka(sky)nava(9)nabhaphaNa(ornament)
maapaNa(scale)maanava(man)maa-nabha
maa-sara
maa+
paashaaNa/bhaara.
Asma/asva/Stone/14 pounds/6.35kilograms.
Same as elephant + viira/vaara bhadra + wheel in
Harappa.com.
Aksha/Cakra/Karsha/malla(bhadra-bull-malla)
80/968*1080 or 8*1296
Malla+naaga
is mallanaaga(Indras elephant).
Man(da)+sinha(sa/ma)dama/mada/maaDa/dasadvidasa
(20)dvaadasa(12)
Elephant(gaja/kasha-grindstone)ashtanaaga8
Mallanaaga is Indras elephant.The girl between the tigers is
malla(girl).Akshata(virgin) is barley.Hence barley maada/meTa.
Asva(aksha,asma,masa)/garja/ gaja/ haya/yava / Karsha +
viirabhadra/malla/saaNa/maaDa/medha/meTa +
aksha/cakra/Karsha/raaja/Sakraasvamedha cakraasma
maaDa raajaKings Stone/stone weight.SaaNa weight named
asvamedha is indicated.Asvamedhas were new weights
introduced by the kings.
Hari/svar(tiger,gold,human)+nara(human)+hari/svar(tiger,gold,
human) hariNa/hiraNa/rukma/nakra
/
svarNa(gold)kiraNa(ray,sun)kriiNa(buying)
kreNi(buying) paNa(trade)sreNi(vedic trader
,
group,ladder,leader)
.Svar(suura,suurya,srava,karNa,nakra,mahira,makara,rava,ravi)
is asva(vaaca) and sara(Va-tiger,hand,bull;vi-bird,arrow,word).
Go(cow,word,bow,arrow,eye) or caapa(bow) is
vaaca(word)/vaak/vaaha(bull,hand)/paada(feet,4)/pada(word,
wawYa-
Tiger(garja/gaja-maa/me/Va,sa ) +
bhadra(V/N)/
deha/Dha/Da+Tigermedha/meTa/
maaDa/saaNa(weight)
aksha(asva,asma,Karsha) Cakra
bhadra(bull,gold,cipher,elephant,Pala,king,head) rakta
raksharaajaSakrashadkasakala(gaNda)
sukra(silver, venus) sukla(white,silver,sugar)
sulka(price,tax,paNa)sena(
saaNa naasa
aasana
army,spear
,body
naada(paNagarjasaa,aa,maa
is 2000 Palas.
From M-308
cakra(,shadka,shashty)
saaNa/sena(man+tigers)akshasaala =
mint
Abhimanyus Padmavyuuha.
Arjunas son Abhimanyu,was trapped and killed in the
Padmavyuuha (an army formation) created by the Kauravas in
the Kurukshetra war.This story can be seen in the above
seal.The hero is locked in between the wheel and the
elephant.Padma is Lotus,srii(Lakshmi), shadcakra
,one of
the nine(nava-paNa-copper,phaNa-snake), treasures of
Kubera(copper,cobra), an ornament shaped like a lotus or
wheel, an elephant
, padmaka- a red
).Aana(nose,mouth,face)
aana-kings face)
baaNa(arrow)
paana(cup,pa,
Padma(cakra-arka)kara(hand,hara-fire,ass) is Lakshmi
and Vishnu cf.
.Padmapaada
is akshapaada
Aaratta
is a vedic people.Aksha
is gaja/kasha/haya.
Cakra/arka
is raksha(protection,amulet) and
akshara(script). Inspite of the cakra raksha over his head
the viira stranded in the elephant formation was killed by the
elephant(padma,patana-fall).
Astamaya/astama is ashtama(eighth), kashta(manyu),
hasta/hastin etc.
, a shoemakers
awl,angle ,vaara
, , viira
(two lions,tow bows,two
paws),haara(garland),hiira(gem) etc. Aarakuuta(oreichalkos)
is brass.
H182a
H182b
garja/naada(sound)/ma/maa/Va/Karsha/bhaari/Tola/sinha/
sankhasaNka(bull)sunga(tree,vata,yava)/Tanka/SaaNa.
aanaka/bheri
/bhaari
/damaru
/nakra
/nishaaNa/Dakka/Tabor/svar/Ta(sound) .Sinhanaada(garjaroar) is a
name.Sinhanaada/Meghanaada(VaruNa,sun)sankhanaada
aum
aum(paNa,mukha-sound) kaara
naada(sound)sinha/sankhanaada.
paNasamatamadamamasasmamadamaaDa
medha.
paNa(copper Karsha cf.garja)
two(2)
saaNa.
maa+TameTa
maaDa
mallasaaNaaasana(seat)/sandi(cot)
sandhi(loins).
aa/saaaanaaamamaasaaNa/prasRta/prasRti
PrasRta is the palm of the hand,stretched out and hollowed,to
hold liquids.PrasRta=2 Palas.Hence Pala=
Pala + Pala
PrasRta
ca/sa/pa+
ca/sa/pasaaNa
PrasRta two(2)
Anjali(Anjalai is 2 PrasRtas.Anjali is
both hands cupped in supplication,as a beggar requesting food
in his cupped hollowed hands) smasaana(pitri medha)
smasaana(pitri medha)masa(mass)-saaNa.
Drum
drumamudradruvaya(measure).
panca(five)
nakra(nose)karNa(ear)
naaga(cf.naagapancami)
/
(arka-12)5*1260
sriirudra
mudramitrabhadranandidinamsandhibandha
pancapadma(srii/cakra).Padmaasna of the gods indicate
na/dhasmasaanasraaddha
tarpaNa(pitritarpaNa/pitrimedha)
anjali/manjari/aamra(mango,Pala).
Anjalis are of different names like aadaraanjali(aadaraveneration),antyaanjali(antya-death,sandhyadusk),baashpaanjali(baashpa-tears),baddhaanjali(baddhabond, sandha-panca cf.
), Brahmaanjali,sraddhanjali(sraaddhasmasaana) etc.
Panjaka/five parts/sandhi/nandhi/sandhya(dusk)/Pence is five
chapaters eg.Aitareya Braahmana has
eight pancakas/40 chapters.Two pancakas is dina(nandi).
Two shodasis make a maasa(month).
M546a
Svar/hiraNya(gold)/naaga(best)/Pala(weight)/ashTa(eight)
viiNa(paNa-sound)/vallaki(valla/malla)/maaDa
palli/gopa(king)/vadana/panca/mukha/uraga/arka/aksha/
phaNa/nakra/12.
HiraNyaaksha(gold sarpa)gold
chainnishkaPala.Vallaki and palli are mallas or meTas or
maaDas.Godhika(palli) is godhuka(gopa-king,cowherd).
anjanaantaNa(Brahmin).Kaancanaka(who,head)antaNa(Brahmin) viirabhadra
M704
paNa/malla/Rishabha/Prataapa.
Panca(5)/Maasha/Karsha/paNa/Kharjura(silver)/camara(tail)/ta
amra(copper). ra/a/kala ja/sha/anga
ta(tail)/na/u(nu)rajata(silver)/arjuna(siver,a
name)Rshabha(bull,a
name),ashTa(eight),Kalangu/Kalansu(weight)
5 Kalangu/Maasha Arjuna(kharjura)/5Dranksana
Kharjura and
-panca/kalansu
M208
shadka/cakra
/
sukra(silver,venus)/sukla(silver)/sulka(price,tax)/maaDa(weight)
/maana(measure)/paNa(weight)/saaNa(weight)
praasa/baaNa/paNa(nava-nine,vana-tree,yavabarley)/meTa/dasa(10)/sata(100)
Dasaratha(a
king)Dasaraaja(ten kings)satamaana(weight of 96
Rattis)paNameTa(weight of six barley
grains)padma(cakra,srii).
M207
bhadra/paNa/drava(dram)
maa(measure)/go(cow,bow,eye,9,arrow;sara-arrow,5;sira-head
).
DraviNa(gold,money).9or 5 Drams.
baaNa/vana/nava/yava(barley)
macemusalamutala
maashamasasma/mukha
M-410
paNa+
nakra(nose,croc,kuNdala)/rukma// hariNa/Karsha
uragapanaarka(copper,12) paNa(copper,money)
maanaaga/phaNa(ornament)Menaka/mekhala(zone)maanava
maapana(scale,measure).Three
legskhaNdapaadagaNda bhaaramallameTa.
Musali(croc/palli/anjana) is malla.Anjaneya(Hanuman) is shown
with a musala
anjana kaancana(gold)kanaka
Ka
cakra/bhadra(gold) +
hari(gold,snake)/aksha(snake,axle,Karsha,eye)/cakra(sarpa).
Tripaada is Vishnu(paNa-sun).Tripaada
prabhaata(dawn)viirabhadra(malla).
Uragaugramallapalliimotira(anguliiya)
rudra(sankara)mitra(mudra)
sangara(agreement, bond,fight;sam-gira/gara)sama-kara
mangala(auspicious,mars)pingala(lizard,bronze).
Khanda(piece,broken part) is Tanka/saaNa.
A nakras(lizard,croc-Tanka) khanda paada(footTanka)/vaara(tail,loha/bhaara) indicate Tanka bhaara/Tanka
itself.
M409
praveTa(yava)/Druvaya(measure)/dravya(draviNa-gold) /
DraNkshaNa/karsha(sikhara)/visaakha/tri-kara(sriikaraauspicious,cf.tripaada in M-410sankarasangara-bondpaNa-vana-tree,yava)
paNa(arka-
copper,12)/mukha(copper,face)/aum
karsha/bhadraasana/viirabhadra.
Sangara is
paNa is
viirabhadraprabhaatatripaada
khandapaada/Tankapaada(maasha)/Tankabhaara(saaNa)
paNa.
sa(sira;ka-sa;gaja;kasha)+
parNasvarNakaancana/kanaka.
aksha/bhadra/padma/sa naaga/n/u
varNa(suvarNa)/parNa/nripa/pa/va meTa
paNa/malla/mukha(face,copper,paNa/yava/yaaga/makha/vaah
a(go)/go/nava(nine-go)
mallameta suvarNa.Bhadra naaga
is Vrishanasva/mena/menaka/mekhala/maana(measure,weight).
Suvarna is hiraNyaaksha(Karsha).PaNa is
phaNa(ornament).Gold snake is gold chain-nishka.
Dasa(bhadra,10)
Pala(bhadra-bull-Pala) is
DharaNa.
(cf.Manusmriti-8.131-140).
Hence it is a dasapala/dharaNa mallameta.
Padma(srii,snake,elephant) is
paNa/padma(srii-go).
va-5+
aya-4
nava(9,go,praise)
,
,
vana(tree)paNa(svaagata-praise,akshaprize,barter,face)yava/yaaga/vaaha(ya padma-srii-yava +
va-tiger,bull,hand,kingkarNa-srava-kha-ka-khaganakranoseyamayaama etc.)me/maa/saa/aa/saama/maasa
meshamedha(dha-Kubera,wealth,Brahmacf.cobra-Kuberacopper
go-bhaara
maapaNa
)medhya(goat,yava).
m605a
paNa(nava-go
/bera
ka
nava-maamaanava-
rsha/var/paada
paNa
vaara/na
karsha
maa/maanatra(maatra)/ka(head,water)-tra(karsha
cf.three headed animals;three kha=30 or sahasra-1000).
Viira/bhaari is
ravi(paNa).
PaNa/yava is sun/sama.Arka(copper,sun) is
paNa(copper,face) or mukha(copper,face)/maka(yaaga-vaahayava).
sarpasuurpasravasarpacakra
phaNa(aabharaNa)/haara/hiira.
M-605b
Saakha(branch) is kara(hand,tax)/ viira
/vaara/bhaara/maaDa/meTa.Two circles is anjali/paNa/bhadra.
Anjali=2 PrasRta.This is a viirabhadra(metal bar,coin)
paNameTa of Anjali.
Jhasha
is Indra/bhadra/saasa(king).
+
as of matanga(mam-sam-gam-madalekha of 7 letters).Mada
is spirituous liquor.
M571a
meTa
16(hasta-ashta-8)/pa
aNa(anna)/Na
aa/saa/aama/maa
ka/na/paNa/maana
kalaada(smith)/pataaka(dhvaja)/padaka(coin)
2 saaNa
meTa/maaDa(
tail)/maala/bhaara/haara
paNa(karsha).
PrasRta is 2 Palas.
maa+
paNa/mukha
ta-
M478b
paNa meTa Karsha(leya-tiger)
bhadraasana(vana meTa-seat on treepaNameTa)
druubhedi(tree plucker)sriivedi/mallakuuta/
Trivedimalla/viira/suura.Hence this is malla meTa karsha
paNa.Malla indicate beautiful,strong,valiant,
or boxer,athlete,
a woman
a vessel,pot,
or face,remnant of an oblation(cf .
a wrestler
boiler,cheeks
smasaana) etc.
Mallaka is a
Malla
palli-musali
arka(sun).
tooth or
-
lampstand.
valli-creeper-uraga-ugra-
ma/maa(measure,garja-roar)+
aadha/paanamaaDa(maapana /Half Karsha=SaaNa.SaaNa
KuNdalakuntalayava
is malla meTa.
is barley,six
PaNameTa is vana(tree,nava-go)maara(killer)/maala/
haara.Vanamaalin is Vishnu/paNa.
Mallavi(malla)/mallayaatra is a procession of expert wrestlers.
Mallavaastu is a place.Mallavedi is sriivedi
Druu(tree)-hana(destroyer) is
DruhaNa(Brahma)/DruhiNa(Vishnu/Siva).
M -631
From Harappa.com
www.harappa.com/indus/25.html
patra(bird,leaf,writ,patta-foil)/bhadra(gold,Durga,stop ,
bull,king,girl ,Pala),patra(bird,leaf,writ),sa
taamra(copper)/draviNa(gold,money)/purandara(Siva,Indra)/
druma(tree)/drava(dram)/mudra(seal)/mitra(bond,paNa)/sringi
(gold
)/vandana/pancama/sravaNa/karNaka(ring,projectionon a
side,nakra-kuNdala)
KaakiNi/sisna/saaNa
kanaka(gold,kaNkaNa)/
Gunja(Ratti)/panca(five)/Karsha/PuraaNa/hari/hariNa(bhadra)/
nakra(nose,kuNdala)/varNa
paNa/saaNa/bhadra/dru(gold,drava-dram
) /maana druu-
paNa/paaNa paNa,sisna(saasana-saaNadaana),bhadraasana(palacephallus),pa(king,leaf,palm)/suula(Tola) .
nu(weapon,praise-paNa)/sata/dasa/sisna(saaNa/Tola)
3/tribhadra/tripuTa(rati-sex cf.
,
,
)/Tripura
(bhadra-Durgamupura-three townsnuupuraanklet)/puraaNa(80 cowries,bhadra-Durga)
sisna/linga/sinha/cihna/saaNa/aasana/naasana(destroyer)
/
.Akshata(virgin) is barley.
=10
bhadra(dasa)-kaaNa-naama-parimaaNa
bhadra-gold,maahaaNa-1/16-saaNapramaaNa/parimaaNa/sringa.
There was a gold coin called KaaNa of 10
bhadra(king,gold)-paashaaNa-saaNa-pramaaNa.
ParimaaNabahumaanamaanavamaapanaparidhaanapariNaya
pariNaaya-paNa(chess)pariNaaha(perimeter).
Note the garja(roar) on the horn (keras)and the
gala/kantha(neck/throat) indicating kala(cal-culation,count) of
M-303
Vrishan asva,Mena/maana( )/bhadra
gaja(aksha)15 paNa, bhadravrishabha,bhadra Prataapa(
Varaaha)/Rudra prataapa(a name).Bhadra is rudra/mitra.
PaashaaNa/asma 3
vr/kr/ks ra/sa
na/ka/bhapaashaaNa-3hiraNa(gold,pearl)/vrishabha(bull/malla/Pala)/prataapa(malla,
Half Gadyaana).
bha-dra
pa-tra; da/ra/ka,
daatra/karsha/bhadra/maatra.
daana,
PaashaaNa(spear,weight) .
Bhadraasana karsha vritra paNa . The unicorn is the
bhadranaaga(the king/gold/throne).Note the bhadra(hornkiraNa-harina) which is the royal scepter of the priest king .
Also note the patra(leaf)-symbol on the aasana(amsa-shoulder
of asva-horse / bull/ass, elephant,king/the sun) of the asva to
show bhadraasana(bhadraasva-samraat/viraat-emperor). A
garta (mahaaviira- sacrificial vessel,Vishnu,Garuda,lion,a white
bull or horse cf.karka
) placed before the bhadra make it
bhadraasana again,which is again endorsed by the semi circle
of bhadras or dots to make it bhadraasana
paNa(paNapaanajar). Note the sisna (lingaphallus;saasana saaNa aajnaorder,daana-donation,gift)
at the beginning of the inscription and the patra(
bird,palmleaf
,bhadra-circle
to make it a saasana(royal order or gift)-patra(writ,bhadraking,gold,bull,elephant). Compare this with the worlds oldest
(12,000-year-old ) erotic portrait of an erect penis from the
Temple at Gobekli Tepe. The scorpion(druuna
) indicate
druu(gold,dru-tree,horn)-na(gem) and
DroNa(Bharadvaaja,throne,16 Prasthas).Aasana( headless
body) on patra(bird) indicate bhadraasana-royal throne ,
bhadra saasana-royal order and bhadraasva(subha
bhadra,siva bhadra,subha patra-best wishes).
The kingdom of the Bharats(bhadra-king,light) or
Dronas(throne) were called Meluhha ( cf.semitic melukaahkingship,royalty) by the Akkadians and the Sumerians.
M898
bhadra(king,gold,metal)/bhaara(weight)/
bhadraasana/ sriivedi/trivedi/mallameTa/panca
M887
karsha(panca-five)/svarNa
paNa/maaDa(weight)/maasha/naada(maa)/paNa/
saaNa(weight)/meTa(tower)/ Dvaaraka.
M872
hiraNyaaksha(gold
karsha;Ta+naagaTanka-sealed coin)
6
Pala/Karsha/paNa/yava.6 yavas make a paNameTa or
phaNamaaDa(weight of ornament).
Pala/bull/go-vaara(bulls tailkings
measure)/copper/paNa(phaNacobra)/karsha/cakra/Sakra/vana(yava)
M861
paNa/yava/mukha/makha
sapta/giri/gira/sabda/paNa/asva/asma/Ta(
,
maaDa/meTa/pagoda.cf.7 Ghatti varaahas =
5 Varaahas/Pagodas.
M860
paNa(weight)/sisna/sena/saaNa
3/30/1000/vaara/viira/karsha/saaNa/drava(
;cf
),
kara/vara/pra/saaNa/Tola(cf.suula)
shatka/cakra/sukra/sana/naka/maana/saaNa.
PaNa-3-karNika is a gold ear ringof weight 3 paNas(Karshas).
PaNa(weight,price,trade)-3 PuraaNa(Tolas).
PaNa(weight)-3-paashaaNa( a
weight,spear)/primaaNa/pramaaNa(measure).
M792
hiraNyaaksha(Karsha/kanaka)/bhadranaaga(king of kings,king
of metals)/ Vrishan asva/Mena/maana
sapta(sapatha-sabda-paNa/giri-asva-asma
/meTa)
meTa
paNa/mukha/makha/yava
haraNa/nakra(kuNdala)/hariNa/rukma.
6 grains=1 paNameda=389 milligram
7 paNameTas=42 grains.It is an ornament of 42 grains.
M748
paNameTa/gopura,karsha
nakra(paNa,ring),kata/kara/
aksha(eye,karsha,snake,paNa
cf.kataaksha-view),suura/nuupura(anklet)
Kharjura(silver)/karsha/5
nakra/rukma/makra/kara/hara
,
kharjura/rajata
are synonyms as in M-
Taalaanka is Balabhadra.Taalapatra/taaTanka/karNika/toTa
indicate nakra(kundala).
5
Kharjura/maasha/panca
kataaksha(glance)/Tankana/saaNa
M862
meTa(tower).
paNa(Karsha)/mukha/yava/makha
mudra/maaDa/meTa/druvaya
chain/nishka)/kanaka(gold).
hiraNyaaksha(gold
Vrishan
asva(unicorn)/Mena/maana(weight,measure)/bhadraasva(white
horsekarka
arka-sunkrika-throatpaNa-rava-sound) .
viirabhadra/bhadrabhaara/kings
weight/measure/mallakasamputa(lamstand,lamp,pot,cup)/
/
M859
harmya(meTa)hiranya(gold)
paNa/malla/mukha/yava
sapta(sabda-sapatha-srii-giri-asva
meTa)
meTa
me+
Ta
meTa(gopura-sapta-7)/saaNa.
7 paNameTas=7*6=42 grains.
M856
sapta(Ta-sound/giri
paNa/me/maa
-meTa;
me+
meTa/paNa
Ta=
meTa)
draNkshaNa(?).
M854
padma(srii)/bhadraasana/viirabhadra/
sapatha(paNa)/saaNapaada(maasha)/asma(Stone)/asva(7)/yaj
na/yava(haya)/
vrisha
paNa/yava/makha/mukha /medha/malla
asma(Stone)/asva/rishabha/rajata/gopura/gocara(goarrow,eye,9;sara-5sena
)/gotra/saaNa
paNa.
M842
saptasapatha(paNa/Ta-sound;giri/gira
(makaramrigarukmapuruda
+
/
(luuna-loha-metal)+ / kaTi/rati/hari+ .
maana/parimaaNa/pramaaNa(measure,weight)/ maaDa/
meTa/gopura/maala/haara(necklace,chain). PhaNa is baala.
HaraNa(nakra/karNa/makara/uraga/ugra/arka) is hand.HariNa
is gold.
The tail is kara/saakha/vaara/dvaara/svar/viira/bhaara.Makara
is maara/maana/bhaara/rukma/svarNa.The Ta(tail)+
ma(makara) is mada(wife of
Varuna)/dama(Vishnu)/maaDa/meTa.Viira+maana is
pramaaNa/parimaaNa/kings
measure.Balabhadra(paNabhadra-metal money,gold money)
has baala(tail/hair). SvarNa is ta-vaara-na(nakra).Mahaaviira
has a vaara. Viirabhadra(prabhaataPrataapa
praveTapravaTa)/Bhadraasana karsha paNa bhaara is
indicated.Rukma nakra is gold earring.PraveTa is pravaTa with
a tail(vaal-gotambu).Rukma vaara
is suvarNa(Karsha/Tola) bar,bhaara(weight).Nakra ia
aksha/netra.PraghaNa is a veranda or terrace before
a house,a mace/crow bar(note the mace of maasha indicated
by the nakra), a copper vessel etc.
M838
me/maa/paNa/yava/sma/masa(bhaara/viira)/mesha/medhya/ +
maaDa/saaNa/senapaNameTa
/satamaana/Kubera
(go-bhaaracopper,cobra)/paashaana
(stone weight,spear
bharma(gold)/samaapa(sacrifice)/smasaana(medha,samaadha
ana-peace-piece-vaara-bhaara-viira-bar)
threedahana(fire,number 3
)srii(Mal.tii-fire)
harmya( domestic fire hearth,meTa)svarvrisha(bullmalla,maaTu-maaDa)
m810
go-pura-
tower
Tanka/SaaNa/malla
vaara(baaNa/paana/meTa)
vaara(aara-arrow)+
vaara(paatra-paana-cup)+
vaara(roof)tripaada/prabhaada/viirabhadra/bhadraasana/bha
draasva(white horse,king of metals,white sun)/karka(white
horse
)/
paNa
(Karsha/prasRta/mukha/malla)mallaviirapaNameTa.
M747
paNa(cf.vana,phaNa)
/vaara/bhaara/viira
karsha/panca/gunja//hariNa/nakra(kuNdala-kuntala-barleypaNa)/rukma/maana
karka/Tanka/saaNa/malla(bull/crab/croc)
nakra/paNa/nakra/rukma/kara/hara/viira/karsha/maasha
dvaara/suura (paNameTa).cf.
Makara is mahaa,kaama
, hema,naaga etc.Mallaviira is Mahaaviira.MalaaviirameTa
paNa is SaaNa paNa.
nakra/Tanka/karka/griha
piitha/vedi/kuuta/mallakuuta/mallasaala etc.
Kharjura/arjuna/sukra/sukla(silver) karsha paNa(phaNaornament).
kaTi(croc/godhaa/hari)=
hariNa
suvarNa
M746
vaara/viira
bhadra/bhaara.
piitha/meTa/vedi.
paNa/ bhadra/kuta/ghata/sma
)/bhadraasana(throne)
kaara/vaara/bhaara/viira/2
aksha/gaja/akshata(yava)/akshara(paNa)
vaara/kara/hara/go/govaara/Gopaala/gopura/Kubera/cobra/cop
per
panca/pada/bhuja/Tanka(spade,leg
svar/naaga/naka/na
Tankana- a horse,Yak/mule,boraxboar/bore-aksha/asva/axe !
Go-Tankana is the bull horse/unicorn.It is varaaha/boar.
Go(king)-Tankana(mint) is the kings sealed coin/bar.
Varaaha(arka-gold,copper) is gold bar/ coin.Varaaha is
Gadyaana(48 Rattis)/Pon/Hon.
Gadyaana-2-aksha(karsha-96 Rattis)-Go(king)-Tankana(mint).
This is the normal measure or weight.The Vijayanagara weight
was 52 grains.
Prataapa(Rishabha) is its half.Varaaha/Aja/varaaNa/praak is
the east or rising golden sun/Indra/PuraaNa/Brahma/
HiraNyagarbha.In Taurus it is Rishabha/prabhaata as Prataapa
and becoming Venus or whitish gold.It is the half of praak
(east).
M741
Poutavya(weight by
scale)/paashaaNa/smasaana/satamaana/paNameTa
Pandava)manjari(inflorescenceMal.puukkula)
pinjarita(having pearls and gold)manjiira
manjari-
kalaa,1/16 of the
pakshas
make a
maasa (month).16 Prasthas make a
DroNa(vessel,measure;druma-tree).16 Maashas make a
Karsha(vrisha,vriksha).
M728
hiraNyaaksha/Bhadranaaga(gold/80/king of kings)/
bhadraasva / Tanka/kanaka/naka
sapta/sabda/sapatha(paNa)/
tripaada/prabhaata/Prataapa/praveTa(yava)/Ta
meTa/maaDa/bhadraasana
paNa/mukha(copper,face)/malla/me/maa.
PaNameTa/mallameTa-
sapta-
SuvarNa.
Ta
Ta+ na+
paNameTa of 8 grams.
meTa
kaTanka
M727a
The foot to head is the meTa.The foot is
shown as the four footed pot(poutavya;pous-foot,aya-four),at
the foot of the bhadraasva(
Karka-white
horse,Mena/maana)and the head is the
bhadra(head,gold,king,bull,cipher) placed on the head of the
unicorn Bhadra asva/Vrishan asva/Mallanaaga.
maaDa/meTa/hiraNa/Karsha /SaaNa
Kalansu/kari(hand)/hari(gold,lion)/panca(five,gunja-
paNa
Ratti)/Pence/vaara(tail)/bhaara(weight)/paNa (cf.
paNa-
palmparNavana)
hiraNyaaksha(gold
chain,nishka)/naka(phaNa-ornament)/Tanka
mesha/meTa/medhameTa
meTa
meTa
meTa
M649
aksha/asva/asma/karsha/cakra/DharaNa/bhadra
(bull,gold,king,asva,asma)/padma(srii)/malla/rakta/raksha/
Ratti(aksha-raktika)/ratha(hiraNya ratha-chariot of
gold)/Sakra/sakata(wagon,weight of 2000Palas)
/purada(gold)/svar/dvaara/To-wer/go-
viirabhadra
pura/kuuta(mallakuuta,mallasaala,mallavedi,
,
)/meTa/maaDa/medha/Sabara(mountaineering tribe,cf.meTamountain
)/sibira(camp
aksha/karsha/panca(five)/paNa
meTapaNameTa/suvarNa(Karsha of
gold)/PuraaNa/Dvaaraka.
ca
dvaara ,
catvaara(four,a place where cross
roads meet,levelled ground for sacrifice)
etc.;adhvara(sacrifice,festival);satvara(quick).
M647
hema/mahaa/paNa/malla/megha/naaga/sinha/meTa
vrisha/bhadra/viira/maaDa/meTa
maana/paNa
panca,meTa/maaDa
gaja/aksha/asma/asva
sa
paNa/go
na/pa
Tanka/ranga/maasha
maana
maatradharaNaIndranetra mitramudraDinar
anna/karka/kataka/kanaka/kaakiNi/ gagana/ganga/
naaga/naaka/meTa. The sky is the elephant tower.
KrishNa/krisana(gold,pearl)/karsana(tax)/garjana(roar=maa=
paNa=maapana-measure
)/nishka(necklace)
paNa(phaNa-ornament,chain), kri-shaana(farmer).
M318a
PaNa/Yava/
go-vaara/vaara/luuna/loha/bhaara/Kubera/phaNa/copper/
Karsha/Pala
3/harmya/hiraNya
aasana(paNa,paNa meTa).
suvarNa
1/5/10 /bhadra
3+
2 aksha(5,Karsha,snake,die)
Malla(bull/Pala/Prataapa)-vaara-5- PaNameta.
yava
3*
26 ;6 yavas is paNameTa.
meTa DrankshaNa.
BullmallaviiravaarapaadabhaaramaaDameTa
paNameta is the Tower in this.The vaara /paada is placed on
the vaara of the bull and the meTa is on the head of the bull.
As in M-727 a , the vaara/paada
the gaatra/deha/kedaara/kshetra is
(Tanka)
M379a
PaNameTa/SaaNa/smasaana/satamaana/ asvamedha/
asmamaaDa
naaga/hasta/ashta(8)/karka/krika/griha/saaNa/nakara/
hariNa/rukma/paNa/vasna/aasana/saaNa
da/Ta/meTa/bhadra/Pala
paNamaatra/paatra(measure)
saaNa paNameTa
saaNa panameTa.
M399
paNa
/mukha/makha/sma/yava/masa/me/maa
pada(Tanka)/Pala+
+
12 Kalansus make a
Pala.Tripaada is Vishnu(paNa/yava/praveTa/prabhaata).
dvaadasa(12)/arka(=mukha=paNa=sun,copper)/vaara/viira/
Divodaasa/tripaada/prabhaata/
Prataapa/sapta/sabda/Ta
3/bhadra/malla/Pala/Karsha/paNa/drava/
Karsha/varsha/nakra/hariNa/hiraNa/paNa
paNa
meTa/go(eye,king)pura(house=Tower)/praMaaNa/parimaaNa(
measure,weight).
2 Sukti(12 Kalansu
gram
karsha
me +
)1
Phalam(4 Tola/Karsha)58.319
Karsha
TameTa/paNameTa
paNameTa.
Aana(mouth,nose)+ Ta/pura/vaaraanta(end)
aNda(egg)naaada(sound)daana(gift)maaDa
(weight)meTa(tower)puraaNa(weight of 80 cowries).
M397a
mukha/paNa/sma/masa/malla/maa/me
Pala
dvaadasa(12,Divodaasa,arkasun,copper)/vana/paNa/Ta
netra(Indra),aksha,Kalansu(ansu is kala of aksha or
netra)/maasha(maa+sa)/masa.
Malla/paNa meTa-12 Kalansus.
M388
meTa/harmya/gopura(go=sky,arrow,sun,king)/bhadraasana
paNa/malla/maa/me meTa-Tower
paNa/mukha(copper)/ metal/malla meTa=6 barley grains.
M382
sata/dasa/srii/raaja/paNa/bhadra/pra
ve/me/maa(to weave)/netra(eye,kingbull,Indra)/maatra/ushtra/2adhara/
2 lips/Pala/malla.Kara is kata(mat)/kuta(paana/ paaNa/
paNa).Kataaksha is glance with a lance/baaNa/paNa.Kataagni
is fire kept up with grass.Grasana is the mouth.Two bars make
a dvaara/svar cf.
svarNa/saaNa.Two katas(mats)/kalas
make a sakata/bhaara/maaDa/meTa.
kataakata/varaaha/haaTaka/kataka / karka/ Saakata-bull(maago)
-Pala.(Kata-mat).DharaNa(netra) is
10Palas.Baala(hair)/saaNa(thread)vaara(netra-net/mat) is
Balabhadra/saaNameTa.
Katakutakulamatanjali/manjari/manjiira/kalaapa/
maaDa/maana/meTa.
Kara-kala-kata-kuta-guda-paTa-puTa-puta-Pala.
SakaTa is Bhaara(20 Tulaas).
+
satamaana(96 Rattis)Dasapalas(DharaNa
cf.netra).Kata/vana/mat is PaNameTa.Netra(cloth,net) is
Indra/DharaNa/maatra/maasha.Vaana (cloth,mat of straw)
is PaNa.Vaara(hair mesh) is bhaara/maaDa/meTa.Viiraasana
is mallameTa
M384
Saakata/bull/netra/Indra/Pala
nikaasa/nisheka/ni-seka/nishka.
Kara-kala-kata-kuta-guda-paTa-puTa-puta-Pala
karsha(gaatra-body/kesara-gold) =1
Pala
M1195
paNa/mukha/makha/sma/masa/yava/me/maa
nakra(kuNdala,drum)/uraga(creeper)/ugra(musali/malla/anna)/a
rka(sun,copper)/hari(lion,tiger,gold,man)/phaNa/phaNi/naaga(el
ephant,snake,8/7)/rukma(gold)/valli(creeper plant)/palli/malla
suvarNa paNapaNa meTakuNdalakunTala(barley).PaNa
or PaNameTa is six barley
grains.PaNa(Vishnu)/vana(tree,water) is yava. PaNameTa is
vanamaali(Vishnu).
pa/sa
napaNa/sun/bali(sacrifice).
M1206a
paashaaNa/saaNa/sena/sata/dasa/gada/mace/
maasha/baaNa/paNa
maana/miina/bhaara/maada/paNa/suura/svar/go/nava
catura(4),catvaara(4)/turiiya(4th)/suurya(sun)/dhuriiya(bull)/manj
ari/manjiira(anklet)
PaashaaNa(stone weight,spear)-maana(weight,measure)four,anklet.
PaNameTa - 4=4*6=24 grains.
satamaana(96 Rattis)- 4 = Pala(bull-dhuriiya-turiiya).
Gada+
paana
aana(mouth,nose cf.
aana in mukha
baaNa )Gadyaana/Varaaha(unicorn).
M122
pura(house),kara/vara/masa/mada
3,mudra/mitra/karsha
paNa,paashaaNa,saaNa,sena,musala/malla
tri
purapaNa Tripura(Durga)
Karsha(panca)
PaNa
/tiivra(tiikshNa-gold).
draviNa(gold).
M1224c
Viira bhadra(prabhaata/prataapa/praveTa)/
Balabhadra Karsha paNa .PraveTa (barley) has a long tail.
M1290
feet,
by the spade)
aksha/Karsha/
Karsha/hariNa/nakra/naaga.Tankaanaka(horse) is the unicorn.
M1368
me(paNa)/maa(roar,measure)/mukha/makha/sma/masa
ta(tail)
panca(5)/vasna/bandha/karsha/
sinha/pancika/PencePancanada/sinhanaada/meghanaada/
maaDa/meTa/medha -5.Panca medha is pancamahaayaagas.
Mukha is makha/yaaga/yava.
M1393a
Samaaja is assembly of animals.Sama-aja
is paNa-aja(king)/kamsa(jar)/sankha(cowry).Samaa is the
year.Nakra is naraka(Hades),nagara(pura-town),
karma(action),karaNa(deed),nakra(nose),karNa(ear),naaga(sha
-king,best), rukma(gold,Mohr) , kuNdala etc..KuNdala is
kuntala(barley).To mrig is to beg.Mriga is rukma and
nripa(king).Carii(animal) is srii(svar-Ta).Ta(animal)-anka(mark)
is Tanka.6 animals make the paNameTa of 6 barley
grains.Total number of animals is 7/sapta
/
sapatha/paNa/haya/Ta.Sapta-naaga is Tanka. Thus this is a
samaaja of Tanka/paNameTa.Haya is yava.Hayacarii is
gaayatri(protector,savitri-the sun).
M1406a
Tanka(4 Maashas)
.
PaNa(sound,money,barter,chess,weight, maa-roar,weight,mebleat,barter).Kanaka.Kanaa.Bhadra.Kamala.KuTa.KaTa.
Kalasa
. KaTi.Kari.Hari.Srii.Rati.Saya.Yaja.Jaya. Guda.
Ghata.Gada
. Dha.Dhata.
Cashaka.Pada(cf.tap).PaTa.Puta(buttocks cf.kuta-gudapot).Paana.PaaNa.Poti(temple,treasure,measure of 10
Aadhakas;mushka-vrishaNa
);
Push(prosper,augment,foster).Bhaama.
Bhiima .Aja.Aasya.Aana.Mesha(MaashaMaasa).Medha.
Medhya(goat,barley).Yava.Maya(aya-4 +ma mayamibindnii-lead).Haya.Gaja.Kaca.Vaac.Vaaja. Asva.Vaaha.
Hema(Tu-hema,kaama,mahaa devaudu-star
Mukha. Makha(bali/paNa/yaaga).
Naaga.Sma.Masa.Padma.Malla
Tankakalasa(paana-paNa)
bhadra;Sakra-sukra-sukla-
).
.PrasRta(2Palas).
,
cakra(wheel-
sulka)dahana(agni,nakra,arka,mahira,makra 3,
,
,
,
;Tanga-dahana-agni-sanga-kaamaagni-fire
of sex-rati-srii-tri-three)
salaaka(stake,stick,peg,rod ;Twig
or window
; bar of a cage
;pointed instrument,arrowhead,pin
;a sprout
,
,
, , , ;bone
;finger,toe ;porcupine,a kind of
gamecalled salaaka;salaakin-furnished with awns-barley)
salka(fish-scale,bit,scales)sakula(fish,spur like projection of
legs of cattle,cock etc)sakala(bit,part)
Sakla(pleasant speech-paNa)saNka(bull) salya(
dart,spear,fence)sankha(cowry,aum)sunga(
tree,yava,
Fig tree
)slaagha(srii;trust,praise,flatterpaNa)zanga(meeting,sex)zangara(fight,agreement,bond)
paNa.
.Tankana(horse)
is mata-naga/maa-tanga(elephant).
Tanka is kaNtha(throat,the lines on throat further emphasise
this),khanda(piece,bar,coin ),kuntha(spear
pot,boiler
Tanka is Ta(
),kuNda(kuta-
) etc.
,
svar,dvaar,suura,kha,ravi )-
anka(mark,lap,lip,fight)/anga
(body).Maa(go,roar)/me/sa(sarpa)/sapta/sabda is Ta.
Svar/dvaara-Na/kasvarNasvargadvaaraka
surata(sex)sanga(sex
sinha(lion)jangha(lap/hip/loin/lip)
Tanka(coin)anka(lap,mark,jangha)
Svar /dvaar
, kha(sky,sun,cipher,kuupa-well)
khara/haraukhakuTagudaputapotmukha
(mu-three,kha-cipher
)sukha(pleasure).
),sa(sarpa-svar-bhadra
,
foot-word-four-fourth: :,
),
),garja(gaja-Ta;matangama-Tankamada-
,aja(ass,ram- maa,me
Sabda,sapta
,sinha(tiger
),pada/paada(leg
,Tanka(spade,hoe,axe,chisel
cf.phaNiimukha),Paryanka(
)
cf-pot),
,
,
cotpot)
etc.
Tanka is
money.
spade money.PaashaaNa
is spear
Kuta(pot)pura(house,city, gopura,meTa
sura(sun)suura(tiger,viira-hero)
rava(sun,sound,treasury)Dva(two)
(ta-tail), (sha-
H289a
Tanka/paNa
srii-sa-sha)/Sunga
dhuriiya(bull).
H289b
Maasha/maatra(tra-tri-
catvara(4),turiiya(4,4th)/ suurya/
Viirabhadra(barley,gold)/Sunga
inscription is almost
H147a
,
dahana(srii,Mal.tiifire)/Tanka/harmya(hearth)/meTa/medha( suvarNa- sa;aasaface),karsha(cf.hearth,heart) ,patra
anjali/maanaMenaka/Mena/kuNdala/miina/netra,naatra,paNa,p
atra,bhadra,sanga,bhadradvaya,
bharadvaaja
Tanka,kuTa,kuNda,naaga,hema,bhadra,paNa,aasa,sa
vipaNa
bhadra,sa
patra
aasa
karshapaNa
patra.
na (bhadraasana,saasana).
M1429a
Akshara(Vishnu,alphabet)/raksha(amulet)/cakra/Sakra/svarNa
(Karsha paNa)
srii,nri,aksha,Karsha,svar
raksha(amulet)/Sakra/cakra/paNa/svarNa
3,srii, /
dahana/Tanka/harmya
cakra/Sakra/paNa,karsha(draviNa)/drava/
dravya/druvaya/viirabhadra/prabhaata/tripaada(Vishnu)
Akshara raksha srii cakra karsha
paNa
aksha,bhadraasana,kataakata(siva)/tankatiika(siva)/harihara
(siva) ;
paNa
M1429b
draviNa
naava
(crow-n;DroNa,crow,praise),
taraNi(sun,boat),dharaNa(weight,earth),
paNa(praise,Vishnu)
M1429c
Karsha(hariNa-ukma-nakra) paNa.
Nakra(kuNdala).MakarapaNanaraka paNasun at winter
solstice(Makara is VaruNa/madana-
kaama)rukma(svarNa)Mohr.Nakra is
sankhamukha/musali/uraga/
ugra/arka/malla/dahana/Tanka/sangama.Matsya mahira is
aruna-the rising sun.
Tanka/saaNa(nakra) +
aana/maana/paNaTankana/SaaNa paNa.
paNa/aana/maana/miina+
nakra/TaTTani/kara / naaga/ arka/ugra
Sankara(Siva),Menaka/Mena etc.
M158
Karsha /PaNa/Pala(Aamra)/Yava
6
bhadra/varsha/ ramaa(Laxmi)/Aaramaa(coin of 5
Tolas)/asma(stone,metal)/asva(elephant,king,word,metal)/aasa
na(seat)srama/mudra/srava/drava(dram,drama)/rishabha(bull,p
rataapa,rajata)/rasana(zone,chain)/ maana/
aapaNa.Drava(fish,coral)60 grains.Bhaara-6-drava(dram,fish
).
yava(barley)/salaaka/sakula/sakulin/vaara/bhaara/viira
M176
paNa/catvara/dasa/vedi/meTa( )
paNa/yava/makha(sacrifice)/mukha(face,copper)paNameTa
(balivedi)sriivedi(sapatha-paNa).Dasamukha is Raavana.
Raavana is raa(gold)-paNa(money)Karsha paNaSuvarNa.
Mukha paNa is copper paNa which was also called Karsha
paNa.
ma/Tanka+ ta/ma(loins)/sangamada(wife of
VaruNa,sex,liquor)meTa(tower)matanga(elephant)
makha(sacrifice)asvamedha(sacrifice,sex)masta(head,
measured)mushti(fist, a measure,paNa).
M177
Karsha/ paNa (
draviNasvarNa)/vaara/bhaara/viira/Pala/yava
3 /dahana/Tanka/harmya
hiraNyaaksha/naka/phaNa/
nishka/ kanaka/ashtanaaga/svarNa
Bhaara(weight)-3-nishka(Pala) is a necklace of weight 3 Palas.
M178
yava/nava/vana/paNa/bhaara/karsha/Pala
shadnishta/nashta/nishadya(market).
M179
yava/vana/nava/paNa
3 /harmya
valla meta/27 .
M180a
paNa/srii/vaara/bhaara/viira/mukha
vedi/meTa/panca/bhadra srii vediviirabhadrapaNameTa.
M182
mukha/paNa /Karsha/Tanka/mesha
maasha/aamra/Pala/bhadraasana/taalanka/taaTanka/toTa/
Mena/Menaka/nakra(kuNdala) .
Tanka is 4 maashas.Pala is 4 Karshas.
M183a
paNa/Paashaana/salaaka/SaaNa/sena/suula
/Tola/akshata(yava/bhaara/grain cf. aksha + ta
akshata. suula is suuna with a tail.
weight of grain.) .
spa/viira/paNa/maana/saaNa(sa-aana)
Akshata maana is
raa/aara
spa/saaNa.
asvaasmaaaraMa(coin of 5 Tolas).
M185
paNa/nava/SaaNa paNa/SaaNa
maana/SaaNa maaDa/SaaNa meTa.
M186
paNa/Ta
aksha/shatka/saakata(bull/Pala)/cakra/sukra/sukla/ sulka/anka
Tanka(4 Maashas)paNameTa.
M187
Tola(aksha,karsha)/mallameTa/
draNkshaNa/maapana/paNameTa
panca(5 )/
sinha/gunja/bandha/sandha/aksha(5,Tola,snake).
M188
same as M187.
TolapaNa
Aksha(5/karsha/Tola) .
Tola aksha(karsha)
aksha
aksha
aksha
panca(5)
bandha/vanda/sandha
sankha
sinhapancika(5 chapters)Pence.
M189
aksha(5,karsha,phaNa),paNa
paNa/
mukha/Tanka/gaja/aksha/yava
aksha/nakra/rukma/mudra(Mohr).
M190
TolapaNa/paNameTa/maapana(weight,measure)
manjari/manjiira/saaNa
Anjali/maana/Saana 2/10(cf.
bhadraasanapaashaaNa-stoneparyankaTanka).
M191a
akshata(barley)/Tanka bali(DroNa)/
paNa cf.bali( tax,sacrifice,soldier,camel ,bull,buffalo,hog,
frankincense, jasminum multiflorum,kidney bean or maasha) .
Hence bali can indicate maasha.Tanka is 4
Maashas.Sena(soldier,malla) is SaaNa/Tanka.
M197
TolapaNa/PaNameTa/mallameTa
M201
hema/naaga/meTa/medhamaapana
Tu(hema/kaama)/Tanka(4 Maashas,asva).
M202a
Kharjura/panca/aksha: : kharjura/Tanka
SaaNa(sa: :+ aana
saaNa)/Tanka/
M257a
Khanda/Tanka/bhadra/aksha/5
M258a
baaNa/paNa/sara/dra/tra
anka/panca/nripa/parNa/karsha/maasha
karsha(boat,Karsha/Tola)/veDa(paada/Tanka/meTa)/beDa(cf.pr
aveTa)/tarii(srii)/taraNi(boat,sun)/naava/nau(na)/veTi(vedi)/tara(
boat;sara,rata,tra)/pota(puta)/potra(potri)/paana/
hiraNyaaksha/astanaaga/svarNa/kanaka/pavan(8
grams)/nishka(Pala-bull)/bhadranaaaga(king of kings,king of
metals, kings stone).
viirabhadra vana/paNa
meTa/maaDa.DraNkshaNa(Tola)- SuvarNa -PaNa meTa.
The bull is malla/Pala/mallanaaga(
svarNa/king).Bhadra is patra(leaf
)/bhadra(
) and parNa(nripa
sara
M259
paNa /saaNa/paashaaNa/yava/akshata
netra/Indra/dharaNa/ramaa/aksha/anka/akshata
hiraNya aksha/ashtanaaga/pavan/kings stone/suvarNa.
Ta+
is malla/bhadra(gold)/mallanaaga/maa(Tanka).
M283a
Karsha/garja/gaja/
paNa/arka(copper,12)/Pala/Arka/Maasha
ashta(8)
.12*8=96satamana(96Rattis weight).8Maashas is the
Pavan/paNa meTa.cf. GandhavaaraNa
(
Maatanga)-MaaDa.
pada(Tanka)/Pala+
pada(Tanka)/Pala
Karsha/Pala
/astapruuda.
Gaja/mallanaaga(Indras elephant,Airaavata) is
kaca/kesa/kaaca/kasha(indicating purity and best
M353a
HariNa(deer) is
hariNa(gold,cowry)/hiraNya(gold)/Yama(2) is
yava/maya(bull,horse,camel).HariNa yama is
hiraNmaya(golden or gold) or 2 SuvarNas.
M361
DharaNa/Indra/netra/maatra/saaNapaada(maasha)
maaDa//meTa/daana/paada/Viirabhadra/bhadra(hill/gold/king)p
aada naaga/dasa
aksha/karsha/bhadra(go)/Pala/arka/padma(shadcakra).Bhadra
naaga(gold,samraat,viirabhadra,80) Indra.Ten Palas(gos) is
DharaNa(Indra cf.Manusmriti.8).Hence the price of Indra was
fixed as ten cows.
M362
PaNa(barter)/me(barter)/mukha/Yava/Tanka/SaaNa
sapta(7)/sabda/sapatha/paNa/svar/Ta
bhadraasana/medha/maaDa/meTa/gopura/pagoda/Tower
hiraNyaaksha
/nishka/naka/kanaka/ashtanaaga/pavan/bhadranaaga(gold,80).
me+
TameTa
meshamedhamedhya(yava).
M456
paNa/mukha/Tanka
Karsha
/Drava/mudra
Mukha/ aana+
mudra is
mukhamudra/mudraNa/Tankana(sealed coin).
M459a
paNa/mukha/vadana/panca/vaara/
dvaara/saana/Tanka/
Mukha/saaNa/Tanka/paNa/me
ta(loins)/sa(bird,god)/arka(sun,copper,12)
paNameTa(6 barleys)/cakra/Karsha.2 SaaNas make a Karsha.
Compare this with M018 where synonyms of copper are used
. M018a
M749
4(cf.tetra Drachm).
Karsha/Pala/Drava(dram)/vana/paNa
Pada
Tanka/saaNa=4 Maashas.
M750
aaramaa(coin of 5 Tolas)
maaDa/meTa/kalaada(goldsmith)/kalaapa/rasna/kalabha/
taamra(copper;ta-tail+aamra-mango tree,Pala)bhadraasana
karsha paNa/meTa
paNa/mukha(copper)paNataamra/meTa-aaramaa.
mukha/paNa(copper)
taamra(copper).
paNa/saaNa/Tanka/mukha/malla
paNa/saaNa/Tanka/salaaka
nakra(kuNdala,drum)/SaaNa/meTa/Tanka/shashty na
ka
.PaNa/mallameTa is TankameTa.
sa aa
eka
naSaaNa.
H180a
Two sinhas is two TankasTwo
SaaNassuvarNa(suura-natwo tigers)hariNa(gold,hari-
M1262
Mahaaviira/kataakata/tankatiika/harihara/Gadyaanaka/2SaaNa
meTas/
Karsha/viirameTa/pramaaNa/parimaaNa
varaaha/gadyaanaka/paNa/saaNa/rukma
4
DraNksaNa
Pala/paNa
M1264a
paNa/SaaNa/Tanka/malla
saaNa/meTa/Karsha
viirabhadra/svarNa
ekacakra/ekaksha(bhadranaaga/bhadraasva/king of kings/king
of metals/suvarNa/Vrishanasva/Mena/Menaka/maana)
/aaramaa(coin)
viirabhadra
MeTa is mada.
M1265
mukha(copper,face)/paNa(copper,arka,face,me-barter)
dvaadasa(12,arka-paNa-mukhacopper,sun)/tripaada/prabhaata/Prataapa
saaNa/Tanka
12
angana(maids)
2/10
rajatas
M015a
SaaNa/sena/sha/na/aksha
mukha/Tanka/SaaNa
SaaNa/aasana/naasa/naaga/nakra/rukma/Mohr
hiraNyaaksha/ashtanaaga/Pavan/naka
/suvarNa/nishka/Mena/meTa3 saaNa MeTa
tripaada meTa(paadaSaaNa).
M016a
aksha/ra/ka/Ta sa/na+
kara/ka/vaara/tatail/kalansudasra(ass)kharjurarajatakanakaayas
Tanka
pancaaksha(5 Tolas)
Tolas)/saaNa/naasa/raja.
aaramaa(coin of 5
M017a
PaNa/yava/saaNa
shad(6),zad(seat)
6 Yavas is 1 paNameTa.
Gadyaanaka/Varaaha.
6* 848.48 Rattis is
srii(sa/harmya)+
sa
harmya+harmyagopura/meTasaaNameTa
Hence paNameTa of Varaaha/Gadyaanaka is indicated.
Ho53
paNa/SaaNa/paashaaNa
15/drava(dram
, )/viirabhadra(metal
bar)/dasra(rajata,Tanka)/daatra(gift,satrahouse,sacrifice)/draaksha/DraNkshaNa
karsha/panca/gunja/kuNda/Tanka/saaNa/varaaha/maasha
trisaaNatripaada(Vishnu-paNa).
H048
vallakii(viiNa/paNa)/vallii(creeper)/pallii(uraga/ugra/arka/nakra/
rukma/malla)/paashaaNa/saaNa
3/srii/harmya/meTamallameTavalla meTa.
3 Rattis=1andika(fireplace)
bull)
=0.364 gram
=1 Valla( cf.malla-palla-belly-
H049
Kataakata(best,haataka-gold cf.
etc.),
netra(Indra,Mitra,naatra,maatra,DharaNa)/kaTaa
ha
3/srii/harmya/meTaKataaha(pot)graahakatakanakra
rukmavaraahahaaTaka(gold)
srii(gold).
It is 3 Varaahas or 2 SuvarNas.
K017
paNa/mukha
Taamra(mukha=paNa=copper;ta-tail,aamratree,MeTa).Bhaara-Vishnu,20 tulaas
K016
SaaaNa
SaaNa
SaaNaa
saaNa/Tanka/arka/aaramaa(coin).4 SaaNas=2Karshas=
Pala.Alternatively a SaaNapaada/Maasha may be
indicated.
M073a
kharjura/maasha/panca
saaNa/paashaana
saaNa.
M074
SaaNa/Tanka
bhadra paNa(bhavana/pavan)
M075
meTa
SaaNa/paashaaNa
viira
4/paada( )
hiraNyaaksha/svarNa/kanaka/naka/pavan/ashtanaaga.
Either 4 Saanas or SaaNa(Maasha) of gold=1 gram gold
is indicated.
M078a
paNa(me-barter)
dasra/rajata
kara(arka-copper)/saaNa/dasa/manjari/10
nishaaNa(Dakka,saaNa)/
Dakka(Tabor/svar/Tanka-naada-saaNapaNa)/mallatuurya/vaadya/vedi/mallameTa.
M1307
paNa /saaNa
meTa/gopura/pagoda/tower
paNava/
M1305
kharjura/maasha/panca/saaNa
paNameTa/saaNameTa/satamaana
aksha/saaNa/Tanka/Karsha/nishka/mada/meTa.
M1308
mukha,12)
paNa/mukha/saaNa kara(arkadvaadasa(12,arka-mukha-paNa)
arka/ugra
SaaNa/sena(UgrasenaSurasenaViirasena).
M1309
arka/ugra/vaara/viira/bar /viirabhadra(metal
bar,metal piece)
SaaNa.
M132a
bhadra
aksha/karshaViirabhadra
mallameTa
tra(3)/srii/suurya/tuurya/meTa
paNa(
draviNa)mallameTamallatuurya paNa.
L102a
mallameTa/SaaNa/Tanka
pancaaksha(aaramaa-coin of 5
Tolas)/aksha(5,die,Karsha,mudra).
L106
Ha is haataka(gold)/kataka(nakra-kuNdala,drum
cf.
,
)/paNaviTa/paNameTa/varaaha/gadyaanaka.
Aksha(eye,Karsha,panca).Nakra(nose) is
haraNa(hand)/Tanka/rukma(loha-bhadra cf.viirabhadra
Tanka/Tankana/kanaka/rukma.
L109a
suvarNa /
bhadra
/
aasana,paada,SaaNa/Tanka/kanaka/rajata(silver,gold).
maaDa/meTa/Karsha/PuraaNa/ paNa .
harmya(hearth,mansion/meTa). This seal has praaNa(life) in
it.PraaNa is Brahma and PuraaNa(Karsha of silver80 cowries).
KhaNDas(pieces) of the body indicate
vaara/viira/viirabhadra(metal bar/coin) /Tanka(4 Maashas/Mint).
Khanda Tanka.
Khandaparasu(Vishu/Siva) is PaNa(sun,money) or Tanka
paNa(axe money cf.parasu=axeTanka).
M823
paNa(me-barter/maa-weigh,measure)
/mukha/Tanka/sinha/jangha(ma/ta) tra/pada/Tanka
ashtanaaga/hiraNyaaksha/kanaka/naka/suvarNa/bhavana/
pavanMudra/mitra/maatra/maasha/Tanka
phaNa(ornament)/pavan.
M830
kharjura/rajata/panca/maasha/saaNa
saaNa/Tanka/svarNa/mallameTa/viirabhadra(king of
kings,king of metals,metar bar).It can indicate a silver saaNa.
Rajata is kanaka (rajatam hiraNyam) also.
M831
Tanka/kanaka/KaaNa(1/10
Kalansu/2Manjaatiscf.Mal.ottakkaasu)/kaaNi(1/80 Tola=1
Ratti)/paNa,aksha Kalansu( kala+ anga)/Karsha(cf.garda
of bowels)/maaDa/meTa.KaaNa is 1/10 Kalansu.
Taalaanka(with taala/tail on body,having flag of taala) is
bala/halabhadra.TaaTanka(
earring) is Tanka/SaaNa(aanamukha-face of Sa-snake,phaNa,phaNiimukha).PaNa is
Karsha/garja/garda/sinha/rajata(
sara/gaatra/sariira+
ta/vaara-tailsarada/dasra/rajata/kanaka) Tanka.
PaNameTa is 6 barleys.
Rajata Tanka is a stamped silver coin as in
M016a
as in M-704
(rajata/kanaka/dasra) or
.
M832
paNa/saaNa/Tankha/mukha
M1097
Tanka/paNa/kaaNa(1/10 Kalansu)
bha/da
dra/sra
paNa
bhadra/dasra/rajata(silver).Rajata
Tanka was a stamped silver coin.
M037a
SaaNa/paashaaNa
paNa/Kalansu/vaara/viira/hala/kala.
pa/Ta
ta/ca/kapanca/Pence/Tanka/sankha/sinha.
M1098
karsha/paNa
panca(5,vasna,vishnu,bandha,aksha)
drava-dram,druu-gold)
H764b
,
na
ka-tra(karsha,kesara,kanaka),bhadra
patra
satra(sacrifice,house) ,
haatra(wages),paatra(jar),saasa(king),citra(picture,sun),mudra(
seal),mitra
),
K001
Karsha(garja/gaja/aksha/Karsha;naaga-ashtahema). Pasu-vasu-ashta vasu,ashtanaaga.Bhadraking,gold,auspicious,vaTa(Fig).Karabha(elephant;bharga,arka)
kara(tax)-pa(king) .Maatangamaa(garjaroar,weight,measure)-Tanka;Maashaanka(seal,mark).Hastin(Hastinapura).
Mallanaaga is Indras elephant. cf.GandhavaaraNa
(
Maatanga)-MaaDa. Maatira(elephant,madira-liquor).
K065a
Karsha bhadra(traya)
bhadraasana(tiger seat) paNa(vana)/praviiNa/MallameTa.
Sangara(fight ) is war/bar/paNa(agreement,bond)/sanga(sex)/
sankha(cowries)/Sankara(siva)/Tanka.The mallas/viiras with
bhadra(maid) is viirabhadra/vaarabhadra/ bhaarabhadra/
metalbars.
M1186
svarNa/kanaka/Tanka
patra,bhadra
Tankaanaka.
Tanka/kuNda paatra
jar/
vedi/malla meTa/patra/bhadra/bharata
H009a
aana(mukha)/Naa(1/16
Tola)/ANa/Go/maana/mina/maa/ paNa/ka/na.
Tanka/ sapta/ sabda/sapatha(paNa)/svar /tripaada/ra/Ta
sapta(7,sabdasvar) paNasvar-Na/maaDa/ meTa/
aNda(egg)/ naTa(dancer)/mada(sex,swing of coitus is scales in
weighing)/maaDa(weight)/naada(sound,Pound)/saaNa(weight)/
anasvara(eternal).Kata(loan,shop) is kati(loins) and
hari(gold,lions).Svar is maa.maa+aana is
maana/mina/Mena(Vrishan asva).
Asva(vaac,paNa) is sapta
M304a
pramukha(malla).Horns is hariNa/hiraNa.Padmaasana is
bhadraasana(throne).PaNava/Damaru/tabor is
svar(paNa,sun).PaNavi (with a paNava-drum) is Siva.
Pasu(animal) is paNa/vasu.Mriga is
nakra(nose,kuNdala,drum)/rukma(gold).
HariNa(deer,gold)/nakra(kundala,drum)/ hiraNya/
harmya(meTa).
Sinha/Hari/Tanka/sankha/panca/
aksha/
Pence.Hari+ Na(hariNadeer,gold).HariNa+HariNasuvarNa/Karsha(garjatiger/elephant).
Gaja/Aksha(5,Karsha,garja)/nishka.
Mukha/saaNa/Tanka paNa.
Kanaka(
Aana/Naa/Ana/ka/na.
mukha=head=ka, svar=naaga/nagakanaka
,
). paNa. Taamra(copper)/
damana(subduing,Vishnu cf.aabharaNa is subduing the
wearer.HariNa aabharaNa is indicated.)/ Tankana(sealed
coin)/varaaNa(Indra)/ saaNa/sadana(house,meTa)/
saadhana(instrument,article)/sadaana(with
gifts).Ganda(unicorn,malla) maada(buffalo)/meTa.
Danda mukha(senaapati=general/commander)-namaka(yantra
of Rudra)-hariNa(gold)/harita(sinha-5)- paNa
mukha(Tanka). Taamra(mukha-arka-copper,sun,12).
Gaja is aksha/Karsha/Tola.Garja/Tiger is bhaari/Tola.