analyse, verb

1) consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning
2) break down into components or essential features
3) make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential
features
4) to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about it

Researchers analysed the purchases of 6300 households.

Water samples taken from streams were analysed for contamination by chemicals.

analysis

analyst /n..lst/ noun [ C ]

someone whose job is to study or examine something in detail

a financial/food/political/systems analyst

analytic

analytical
using a logical method of thinking about something in order to understand it,
especially by looking at all the parts separately

examining or liking to examine things very carefully

He has a very analytical mind .
Some students have a more analytical approach to learning.

analytically
analyze
to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in
order to understand or explain it
analyze something The job involves gathering and analyzing data.
He tried to analyze his feelings.
The first step is to define and analyze the problem.
analyze what, how, etc We need to analyze what went wrong.
approachable

approachable /pr.t.bl / /-pro-/ adjective CHARACTER

1. friendly and easy to talk to

Graham's always very approachable - why don't you talk the problem over with him?
approachable /pr.t.bl / /-pro-/ adjective PLACE

2. If a place is approachable, you can reach it or get near to it

area

It's one of the few lakeside villages approachable by car.

area /e.ri./ /er.i-/ noun PLACE

1. [ C ] a particular part of a place, piece of land or country

All areas of the country will have some rain tonight.
The area of New York to the south of Houston Street is known as Soho.
Houses in the London area (= in and around London) are very expensive.
He's an area manager (= is responsible for business in a particular part of the country or
world) for a computer company.
This is a very poor area.
Dogs are not allowed in the children's play area.
area /e.ri./ /er.i-/ noun SUBJECT

2. [ C ] a subject or activity, or a part of it

Marketing is Paul's area.
Software is not really my area of expertise .
area /e.ri./ /er.i-/ noun MEASURE

3. [ C or U ] the size of a flat surface calculated by multiplying its length by its width
the area of a rectangle
Meadow Farm is 50 square kilometres in area.
assess verb
to make a judgment about the nature or quality of someone or
somethingassess somebody/something It's difficult to assess the effects of these
changes.to assess a patient's needsInterviews allow you to assess the
appropriateness of candidates.assess somebody/something as something The
young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers.I'd assess your chances as
low.assess whether, how, etc The committee assesses whether a building is
worth preserving.We are trying to assess how well the system works.
to calculate the amount or value of
somethingSYNONYM estimateassess something They have assessed the amount
of compensation to be paid.assess something at something Damage to the
building was assessed at $40,000.

assessable
assessment
[countable] an opinion or a judgment about someone or something that has been
thought about very carefullySYNONYMa detailed assessment of the risks involvedhis
assessment of the situationAn adequate environmental impact assessment was not carried
out on the bypass project.
[uncountable] the act of judging or forming an opinion about someone or
somethingwritten exams and other forms of assessmentObjective assessment of the
severity of the problem was difficult.

[countable] an amount that has been calculated and that must be paida tax
assessment
assume

assume /sjum/ /-sum/ verb [ T ] ACCEPT

1. to accept something to be true without question or proof

[ + ( that ) ] I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school.
Let's assume (that) they're coming and make plans on that basis.
[ + to infinitive ] We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've
decided to remain silent.
We mustn't assume the suspects' guilt.
assume /sjum/ /-sum/ verb [ T ] PRETEND

2. to pretend to have a different name or be someone you are not, or to express a feeling
falsely
Moving to a different town, he assumed a false name.
During the investigation, two detectives assumed the identities of antiques dealers.
He assumed a look of indifference but I knew how he felt.
assume /sjum/ /-sum/ verb [ T ] TAKE CONTROL

3. to take or begin to have responsibility or control, sometimes without the right to do so,
or to begin to have a characteristic
The new President assumes office at midnight tonight.
The terrorists assumed control of the plane and forced it to land in the desert.
The issue has assumed considerable political proportions (= has become a big political
problem) .

assumed
that you suppose to be true or to exist
the assumed differences between the two states
assuming
used to suppose that something is true so that you can talk about what the results might
beAssuming (that) he's still alive, how old would he be now?I hope to go to college next
year, assuming that I pass my exams.
assumption
[countable] a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will
happen, although there is no proofan underlying/implicit assumptionWe
need to challenge some of the basic assumptions of Western philosophy.We are
working on the assumption that everyone invited will show up.It was
impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions.His actions were
based on a false assumption.She arrived at college with a whole set of assumptions
inherited from her family.AWL Collocations
[countable, uncountable] assumption of something (formal) the act of taking
or beginning to have power or responsibilitytheir assumption of

power/controlthe assumption of responsibility by the government for the

disaster
authoritative
that you can trust and respect as true and correctthe most authoritative book on
the subject
showing that you expect people to obey and respect youan authoritative tone of
voice
authoritatively

authority noun

power
[uncountable] the power to give orders to peoplein a position of authorityShe

1.

now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.Nothing will be done
because no one in authority (= who has a position of power) takes the matter
seriously.There are very few male authority figures (= people who have power over
others) in his movies.
2.

[uncountable] authority (to do something) the power or right to do

somethingOnly the manager has the authority to sign checks.We have the authority to
search this building.

permission
[uncountable] official permission to do somethingIt was done without the principal's

3.

authority.We acted under the authority of the UN.

organization
[countable, usually plural] the people or an organization who have the power to

4.

make decisions or who have a particular area of responsibility in a country or regionThe

health authorities are investigating the problem.I have to report this to the authorities.the
immigration authorities

knowledge
[uncountable] the power to influence people because they respect your knowledge

5.

or official positionHe spoke with authority on the topic.the moral authority to run the
country

expert
6.

[countable] authority (on something) a person with special

knowledgeSYNONYM specialistShe's an authority on criminal law.

availability

/velbltti/

noun [uncountable]the availability of cheap flights

available
(of things) that you can get, buy, or findavailable
resources/facilitiesreadily/freely/publicly/generally availableTickets are
available free of charge from the school.When will the information be made available?
Further information is available on request.This was the only room available.We'll send
you a copy as soon as it becomes available.Every available doctor was called to the
scene.
(of a person) free to see or talk to peopleWill she be available this afternoon?
The director was not available for comment.

beneficial

beneficial /ben.f. l/ adjective

Only some bacteria are harmful - many are beneficial.

Plants such as this one are known for their beneficial effects and have been used
medicinally for centuries.

helpful, useful or good

SYNONYM

advantageous, favorableOPPOSITE detrimental

beneficiary
beneficiary (of something) a person who gains as a result of somethingWho
will be the main beneficiary of the income tax cuts?
beneficiary (of something) a person who receives money or property when
someone diesShe was the sole beneficiary of her father's will.

blinker

concept

concept /kn.sept/ /kn-/ noun [ C ]

1. a principle or idea
The very concept of free speech is unknown to them.
It is very difficult to define the concept of beauty.
I failed to grasp the film's central concept.
Kleenbrite is a whole new concept in toothpaste!
conception

[uncountable] the process of forming an idea or a planThe plan was brilliant in

its conception but failed because of lack of money.
[countable, uncountable] conception (of
something) conception (that) an understanding or a belief of what something
is or what something should beMarx's conception of social justiceHe has no
conception of how difficult life is if you're unemployed.

conceptual
related to or based on ideas
a conceptual framework within which children's needs are assessed
a conceptual model
conceptualize
to form an idea of something in your mind
These people do not conceptualize hunting as a violent act.
conceptually
adverbconceptually similar/distinct
consist
consistency
[uncountable] (approving) the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having
the same opinions, standard, etc.; the quality of being consistentShe has played with great
consistency all season.We need to ensure the consistency of service to our
customers.OPPOSITE inconsistent
[countable, uncountable] the consistency of a mixture or a liquid substance is how thick,
smooth, etc. it isBeat the ingredients together to a creamy consistency.The cement should
have the consistency of wet sand.
consistent
(approving) always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards,
etc.She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children.He has been Nashville's
most consistent player this season.We must be consistent in applying the rules.a consistent
approach to the problem
happening in the same way and continuing for a period of timethe senator's consistent
failure to come up with any new policiesa pattern of consistent growth in the economy
consistent with something in agreement with something;
not contradicting somethingThe results are entirely consistent with our earlier
research.injuries consistent with a fall from an upper story (= similar to those such a fall
would have caused)
(of an argument or a set of ideas) having different parts that all agree with each othera
well-thought-out and consistent argument OPPOSITE inconsistent
consistently
Her work has been consistently excellent.We have argued consistently for a change in the
law.
constituency

 a district that elects its own representative to state or federal

governmentUnemployment is high in her constituency.
the people who live in and vote in a particular districtconstituency opinion
a particular group of people in society who are likely to support a person, an idea, or a
productThere is a strong constituency of support for his proposal.
constitute
linking verb + noun (not used in the progressive tenses) to be considered to be
somethingDoes such an activity constitute a criminal offense?The increase in racial
tension constitutes a threat to our society.His action was interpreted as constituting a
threat to the community.
linking verb + noun (not used in the progressive tenses) to be the parts that together
form somethingSYNONYM make upFemale workers constitute the majority of the labor
force.NOTE AT compriseThesaurusconsist of
somebody/somethingcomprise make up something constitute be
composed of somebody/somethingThese words all mean to be formed from the
things or people mentioned, or to be the parts that form something. consist of
somebody/something to be formed from the things, people, or activities mentioned:Their
diet consists largely of vegetables.comprise (somewhat formal) to contain or be formed
from the things or people mentioned:The collection comprises 327 paintings.Comprise can
also be used to refer to the parts or members of something:Older people comprise
a large proportion of those living in poverty.However, this is less frequent.make up
something (somewhat informal) to be the parts or people that form something:Women
make up 56% of the student body.constitute to be the parts or people that form
something:People under the age of 40 constitute the majority of the work force. be
composed of somebody/something (somewhat formal) to be formed from the things or
people mentioned:Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein. which word?Consist
of somebody/something is the most general of these words and the only one that can be
used for activities with the gerund:The experiment consisted of training and testing
subjects.The other main difference is between those verbs that take the whole as the
subject and the parts as the object (The group consists of/comprises/is made up of/is
composed of ten people.) and those that take the parts as the subject and the whole as the
object (Ten people make up/constitute/comprise the group.) It is not correct to use
comprises of or is composed by/from.
[transitive, usually passive] constitute something to form a group legally or
officiallySYNONYM establish, set upThe committee was constituted in 1974 by the Senate.
constitution
[countable] the system of laws and basic principles that a state, a country, or an
organization is governed byyour right to vote under the constitutionAccording to the
constitutionto propose a new amendment to the ConstitutionA two-thirds majority is
needed to amend the club's constitution.
[countable] the condition of a person's body and how healthy it isto have
a healthy/strong/weak constitution
[uncountable, countable] (formal) the way something is formed or
organized SYNONYM structurethe genetic constitution of cells
[uncountable] (formal) the act of forming somethingSYNONYM establishment, setting
upHe recommended the constitution of a review committee.
constitutive

forming a part, often an essential part, of somethingMemory is constitutive of

identity.Poverty is a constitutive element of a particular form of economic growth.
context
the situation in which something happens and that helps you to understand itThis speech
needs to be set in the context of the U.S. in the 1960s.His decision can only be
understood in context.Such databases are being used in a wide range of contexts.
the words that come just before and after a word, phrase, or statement, and help you to
understand its meaningYou should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the
context.This quotation has been taken out of context (= repeated without giving the
circumstances in which it was said).
contextual
connected with a particular contextcontextual informationcontextual clues to the meaning
contextualization
to consider something in relation to the situation in which it happens or exists
/
contextualize
to consider something in relation to the situation in which it happens or exists
contextually
connected with a particular contextcontextual informationcontextual clues to the meaning
contractor
a person or company that has a contract to do work or provide goods or services for
another companya building/landscaping, etc. contractorto employ an outside
contractor
create

create /kriet/ verb MAKE

1. [ T ] to make something new, especially to invent something

Charles Schulz created the characters 'Snoopy' and 'Charlie Brown'.
The Bible says that God created the world.
He created a wonderful meal from very few ingredients.
It's important to create a good impression when you meet a new client.
creation
[uncountable] the act or process of making something that is new, or of causing
something to exist that did not exist beforethe process of database creationwealth
creationHe had been with the company since its creation in 1989.The committee proposed
the creation of a new Chair of Portuguese for the university. SEE ALSO job creationAWL
Collocations
[countable] (often humorous) a thing that someone has made, especially something
that shows ability or imaginationa literary creationThe dessert was a delicious creation of
sponge cake, cream and fruit.The bright murals in the children's ward were the creations
of the nurses.What an amazing creation (= a very unusual and new piece of
clothing) you're wearing!
the Creation [singular] the making of the world, especially by God as described in
the Bible
Creation [uncountable] the world and all the living things in it

creator
[countable] a person who has made or invented a particular thingWalt Disney, the
creator of Mickey Mouse
the Creator [singular] God
data
[uncountable, plural] facts or information, especially when examined and used to find
out things or to make decisionsThis data was collected from 69 countries.the
analysis/interpretation of the dataraw data (= that has not been
analyzed)demographical/historical/personal data(technology) These data show that
many cancers are detected during medical checkups.Topic Collocations
[uncountable] information that is stored by a computerdata retrieval (= ways of storing
or finding information on a computer)
definable
define
to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase isdefine something The term
mental illness is difficult to define.define something as something Life imprisonment
is defined as 60 years under state law.
to describe or show something accuratelydefine something We need to define the
task ahead very clearly.The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long
it took to complete.define what, how, etc. It is difficult to define what makes him so
popular.
define something to show clearly a line, shape, or edgeThe mountain was sharply
defined against the sky.
definition
[countable, uncountable] an explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase, especially
in a dictionary; the act of stating the meanings of words and phrasesclear simple
definitionsNeighbors by definition live close by (= this is what being a neighbor
means).Language Bank
[countable] what an idea, etc. meansWhat's your definition of happiness?There is no
agreed definition of what a comprehensive school should be.
[uncountable] the quality of being clear and easy to seeDigital TV screens have
excellent definition.
derivation
the origin or development of something, especially a worda word of Greek derivation
derive
disestablish
to end the official status of an organization, especially a churchIn 1924, Turkey was the
first country to disestablish Islam.
disestablishment
dissimilar
not the sameThese wines are not dissimilar (= are similar).The two languages are
completely dissimilar from each other.
dissimilarity

distribute
to give things to a large number of people; to share something between a number of
peopledistribute something The newspaper is distributed free.distribute something
to somebody/something The organization distributed food to the earthquake
victims.distribute something among somebody/something The money was
distributed among schools in the area.
distribute something to send goods to stores and businesses so that they can be
soldWho distributes our products in the U.K?
[often passive] distribute something to spread something, or different parts of
something, over an areaMake sure that your weight is evenly distributed.Cases of the
disease are widely distributed through Europe.
distribution
[uncountable, countable] the way that something is shared or exists over a particular
area or among a particular group of peoplethe unfair distribution of wealthThe map shows
the distribution of this species across the world.They studied the geographical distribution
of the disease.
[uncountable] the act of giving or delivering something to a number of peoplethe
distribution of food and medicines to the flood victimsHe was arrested on drug
distribution charges.Electronic media make the potential for information distribution
possible on a scale never before achieved.
[uncountable] (business) the system of transporting and delivering goodsdistribution
costsworldwide distribution systemsmarketing, sales and distribution
[countable] (mathematics) an arrangement of numbers that shows how frequently each
number appears in a set of data
distributional
distributive
connected with distribution of goods
distributor
1.
a person or company that supplies goods to stores, etc.Japan's largest software
distributor
2.
a device in an engine that sends electric current to the spark plug
Check pronunciation: distributor
economic
[only before noun] connected with the trade, industry, and development of wealth of a
country, an area, or a societysocial, economic and political issueseconomic
growth/cooperation/development/reformthe government's economic
policyeconomic historythe current economic climate
(of a process, a business, or an activity) producing enough profit to
continueSYNONYM profitableOPPOSITE uneconomic
economical
economically
economics

economist
economy
environment
environmental
environmentalism
environmentalist
environmentally
establish
established
establishment
estimation
evident
evidential
evidently
exporter
financial
financially
financier
formula
formula milk
formulate
formulation
functional
functionally

ID
identifiable
identification
identify
identity
illegality
income
inconsistency
inconsistent
inconsistency
indicate