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Study Questions
Land Use
1. How does the definition for soil differ with the following professions:
a. Engineer
b. Pedologist
c. Agronomist
2. What is an all-encompassing definition for soil?
3. What is dirt?
4. In terms of plant production what is the practical value in knowing the soil class?
5. Name and describe the 5 factors that can cause soil differences to appear/originate?
6. What processes cause weathering? Name examples of mechanical and chemical weathering.
7. Why might soils to move? Which movements and depositions are more likely to occur in GA? Is
this movement a good thing? Explain.
8. What types of parent material formation can occur?
9. What is a soil survey? What are the components of a soil survey?
10. Define soil profile.
11. Name and describe the general soil horizons. What is a subhorizon?
12. What physical and chemical descriptions can be used to describe a soil?
13. By what means is a soil classification determined? Which classification type is most useful for
agriculture?
14. What are the 12 soil orders in the USA? What is the predominating soil order in the SE USA?
15. What is the official soil series of Georgia? Given a soil name, could you determine its soil
order?
16. Indicate 4 practical uses for a Soil Survey.
17. Discuss the difference between land-use planning and land capability classes.
18. Which land capabilities are used most for agriculture? Describe how a soils inherent land use
capability could be changed.
19. What are land capability class limitations? List a few and their symbols.
Soil pH and Acid soils
20. What is pH? Calculate pH given a concentration of H+.
46. Indicate a number of characteristics of plants which are naturally tolerant of acid soils
47. Name 5 crops that prefer acid soils.
48. How many soils in the world are acidic? Where are they located?
49. What soil orders are associated with acidity in the US?
Alkaline Soils
50. What is a base?
51. What is an alkaline soil?
52. What characteristics of soil particles, exchange sites, and the soil solution could be described
as part of alkaline soils?
53. How are basic cations held onto exchange sites? Which are held strongest? Weakest?
54. What is the main buffering mechanism in alkaline soils?
55. What are causes of soil alkalinity?
56. What US soil order is associated with alkaline soils?
57. What physical soil problems are associated with alkaline soils?
58. How are alkaline soils formed in normal areas?
59. What possible nutrient deficiencies/toxicities are observable in alkaline soils? What plant
symptoms are observable with these deficiencies/toxicities in alkaline soils?
a. Phosphorus
b. Copper
c. Iron
d. Manganese
e. Zinc
f.
Boron
g. Molybdenum
60. When might you want to lower soil pH?
61. What soil amendments might reduce alkalinity? What are the 3 more common inorganic
chemicals? How can fertilizers be used in alkaline soil management?
62. How do native plants deal with alkaline soils?
63. List some examples of plants that are tolerant of alkaline soils.
Saline Soils
64. What is a salt? Which ions are most common?
Dirt
Weathering
Topography
Colluvial
Soil Profile
Bulk density
pH
Electrical Conductivity
Andisol
Gelisol
Aridisol
Histosol
Inceptisol
Spodosol
Land Capability Classes
Mollisol
Ultisol
Oxisol
Vertisol
acidic
active acidity
exchangeable acidity
Sulfur oxidation
Respiration
Deficiency
Calcitic limestone
Hydrated lime
CCE
Ammonia/ammonium
alkaline/basic
pH buffer
soil solution
Carbonic acid
Nitrification
Crinkling
Dolomite
Slag
Furrowslice
Basic cations
Calcareous soil
Petrocalcic
Petrogypsic
Thylakoids
Leaf scorch
Gibbsite
Sodic soils
Duripan
Dispersal
Black heart
Molybdenosis
Soluble Salt
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage
Saline Soils
White alkali
Dispersion
Ornamentals
Moderately tolerant
Saline Seeps
Sodic Soils
Black alkali
Swelling
Halophyte
Moderately sensitive
Chlorides