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Checking Assumption #2
Independence of observation:
Scatter Plot:
Data points are scattered throughout the plot, it means that observation of 16 patients with
composite score as measure of his level of motivation Y are independent.
Checking Assumption #3 Apply Shapiro Wilk test on all continuous variables.
Normality: Response variable should be normally distributed
H0: Data is normally distributed
Tests of Normality
Method
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Groups Statistic
Composite Score as measure
of his level of motivation
Shapiro-Wilk
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
.198
.973
.857
.252
.903
.444
.198
.958
.764
.273
.947
.699
Result:
The p-value is greater than > 0.05, this insignificant result by Shapiro Wilk test shows that
dependent variable Y is normally distributed.
Checking Assumption # 4 Apply levene Test
Homogeneity: variances of population group should be equal
H0: Population variances are equal
H1: Population variances are not equal
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Composite Score as measure of his level of motivation
Levene Statistic
df1
df2
Sig.
.467
12
.710
Here p-value is greater than 0.05, this insignificant result by Levenes test indicates that
population variances are equal.
: 0.05
ANOVA
Composite Score as measure of his level of motivation
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Sig.
Between Groups
623.688
207.896
5.162
.016
Within Groups
483.250
12
40.271
Total
1106.938
15
6. Conclusion:
Since p-value is less than (0.05), therefore we reject the H0: and conclude that at
least one group mean is different.
Here we can only find out the at least one mean is different but we dont know which group is
different. But luckily we can find out the difference with multiple comparison (Post Hoc) test.
Checking Assumption # 5 Apply Shapiro Wilk test on residuals
Residuals should be normally distributed.
H0: Residuals are normally distributed
H1: Residuals are not normally distributed
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
.231
16
.022
.938
16
.330
Result:
The p-value is greater than
Post Hoc
Which Post Hoc test to be used:
1. Assumption of homogeneity is true, then
For equal sample size
Tukey Honesty significant difference ( HSD) test.
For Unequal sample size
Fishers least significant difference (LSD) test
2. If assumption of homogeneity is not true, then
(J)
(I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
-10.000
4.487
.171
-23.32
3.32
-1.500
4.487
.986
-14.82
11.82
-15.250*
4.487
.024
-28.57
-1.93
10.000
4.487
.171
-3.32
23.32
8.500
4.487
.281
-4.82
21.82
-5.250
4.487
.656
-18.57
8.07
1.500
4.487
.986
-11.82
14.82
-8.500
4.487
.281
-21.82
4.82
-13.750*
4.487
.042
-27.07
-.43
15.250*
4.487
.024
1.93
28.57
5.250
4.487
.656
-8.07
18.57
13.750*
4.487
.042
.43
27.07
Comparison
P-Value
Decision
Population A with B
Population A with C
Population A with D
Population B with C
Population B with D
Population C with D
0.171
Accept H0 :
Accept H0 :
Reject H0 :
Accept H0 :
Accept H0 :
Reject H0 :
Conclusion:
0.986
0.024
0.281
0.656
0.042
The above table is showing multiple comparison test result by Tukeys test. Here we can observe
that mean composite score as measure of his level of motivation are different in between Group
A & D and Group C & D.
There is no significant different in mean composite score of his motivational level in between
Group A & B, Group A & C , Group B & C and B & D.
Q2. The following data provides the measure mean upper central incisor width (mm) in
individuals
From our four different ethnic Groups.
Assumptions of ANOVA
Checking Assumption #1
Level of measurement:
3. Our dependent variable mean upper central incisor width (mm) is
quantitative or continuous variable
4. Our independent variables (factor) have more than two level which can be
either continuous or categorical.
Checking Assumption #2
Independence of observation:
Scatter Plot: