rr r

o, i, j,k

: - - :
r
r
) u ( a,b,c )' v ( a ', b',c J3
rr
'u.v = aa '+ bb'+ cc

r
u = a + b + c
r
'i a a
b b' r a a ' r a a ' r
r r r
= 'u v = j b b
ij+
k
r
'c c
'c c
'b b
'k c c

:
A B:

( x B - x A ) + ( yB - yA ) + ( z B - z A )

) ( P

uuur
= AB = AB

ax + by + cz + d = 0 ::

ax M + by M + cz M + d

= ) ) d ( M, ( R

a + b + c
r
M ) D ( A, u:
uuuur r
AM u
= ) ) d ( A, ( D
r
u

n ( a, b,c ) ( R ) : ax + by + cz + d = 0

)(R

uuur uuur
ABC

AB
A B C AC
(
)
) ( ABC :

uuuur uuur uuur

M ( ABC ) AM. AB AC = 0

:
) W ( a, b,c R:

( x - a ) + ( y - b ) + ( z - c ) = R

32

 ) ( S ] [ AB
:

) (

uuuur uuur
M ( S) AM . BM = 0

] [

: S W AB

AB
2

) S ( W, R ( R ) : ax + by + cz + d = 0
H W ) ( R
d = WH = d ( W; ( R ) ) :

) ( R
)(S

) (
)(S

) S ( W, R ) : ( D
H W ) ( D

) (
) (S ) ( C
R

H :
r = R - d :

d = WH = d ( W; ( D ) ) :

) (
) ( S

) (

) ( S H

33

) ( D )(S