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Cleaner Production
Minimization of wastes
And emissions
Level 1
Level 2
Reduction at
the source
Internal Recycling
Productmodification
Processmodification
Good
housekeeping
Substitution of
raw materials
Reuse of
wastes and emissions
Level 3
External Recycling
Structures
Biogenous Cycles
Materials
Modification of
technology
9/8/2015
HIERARCHICAL POLLUTANT
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The order of preference in decision-making on design and operation
is as follows:
Prevention of generation wastes
Recycling
Treatment
Safe disposal
Heinz Leuenberger
Cleaner Production
Techniques
Heinz Leuenberger
9/8/2015
Heinz Leuenberger
Material Substitution
Replace solvent with water
Replace acid pickling of steel with peroxide treatment
Replace chlorine bleaching with oxygen bleaching
Heinz Leuenberger
9/8/2015
Technology Changes
Batch instead of continuous processing
Mechanical instead of solvent cleaning
Powder painting instead of wet painting
Automatic instead of manual chemical feed
Dry heating instead of heat treatment baths for metal
finishing
Heinz Leuenberger
On-Site Recycling
Internal recycling of rinse waters
More efficient washing or cleaning using countercurrent principles
Steam condensate recovery and recycling
Heinz Leuenberger
9/8/2015
Product Redesign
Remove toxic substances from product components
Concentrate product to reduce packaging
Increase durability and improve repairable
Use materials that can be recycled
Heinz Leuenberger
Heinz Leuenberger
9/8/2015
Heinz Leuenberger
INTRODUCTION to INDUSTRY
Industry can make Cleaner Production happen through a
commitment to action within the company
Cleaner Production involves a change in people attitude to
work towards an integrated systematic approach to
environmental protection
Heinz Leuenberger
9/8/2015
Without the involvement of all the workers at all organizational levels in a plant,
good results will be hard to get ,
incentives and a workplace culture needed achieve such universal involvement
Heinz Leuenberger
Heinz Leuenberger
9/8/2015
Heinz Leuenberger
BARRIERS TO INTRODUCING
CLEANER PRODUCTION
Heinz Leuenberger
9/8/2015
Pollution Control
80-95%
Waste Reduction
investment
investment
yearly cost
investment
yearly savings
yearly savings
End-of-pipe
Technology
Housekeeping
No or minor
Investment
CP-investment
Action