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1/14/2015
1/14/2015
Objectives
Assist design professional when
effects from vibration must be
considered
Provide simplified methods to
determine key vibration
characteristics of RC floor systems
and compare against acceptance
criteria
Overview of Mitigation Strategies
Several detailed design examples
5
Outline
CRSI Vibration Design Guide
Acceptance Criteria
Vibration Characteristics of Reinforced
Concrete Floor Systems
Examples
54
Case Study
6
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Acceptance Criteria
Human Comfort
Walking excitation
Dependent on peak acceleration experienced by
structure
Rhythmic excitation
Combination of peak acceleration and relationship
between natural and excitation frequencies
Sensitive Equipment
Vibrational velocity
Acceptance Criteria
Human Comfort
Walking excitation
Recommended
acceleration limits
1/14/2015
Acceptance Criteria
Human Comfort
Walking excitation
Peak acceleration less than or equal to
recommended acceleration limit
65
Acceptance Criteria
Human Comfort
Rhythmic excitation
1
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Acceptance Criteria
Human Comfort
Rhythmic excitation
Weight of
Forcing
Frequency Participants
(psf)
1.5 3.0
12.5
1.5 3.0
31.0
3.0 6.0
1
2
3
2.0 2.75
4.0 5.5
6.0 8.25
Activity
Harmonic
Dancing
Concert or
sporting
event
1
1
Aerobics
or jumping
Dynamic
Coefficient
4.2
0.50
0.25
0.05
1.50
0.60
0.10
11
Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Maximum velocity " Limiting "
Maximum velocity "
Limiting "
$ %&
Manufacturers criteria
Generic criteria
12
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Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Footfall impulse parameters
Walking Pace
(steps/minute)
'(
(lb)
*/,)
(Hz)
-.
(lb Hz2)
Fast (100)
315
5.0
25,000
Moderate (75)
280
2.5
5,500
Slow (50)
240
1.4
1,500
13
Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Generic criteria
Equipment or Use
Computer systems
Operating rooms
Surgery facilities
Bench microscopes at up to 100x
magnification
Vibrational
Velocity
(/ 12./345 6
8,000
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Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Generic criteria
Equipment or Use
Vibrational
Velocity
(/ 12./345 6
2,000
15
Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Generic criteria
Equipment or Use
Micro surgery
Eye surgery
Neuro surgery
Bench microscopes greater than 400x
magnification
Optical equipment at isolation tables
Microelectronics manufacturing
equipment Class B (Aligners, steppers,
and other critical equipment for
photolithography with lines widths of 3
microns or more)
Vibrational
Velocity
(/ 12./345 6
1,000
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Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Generic criteria
Equipment or Use
Vibrational
Velocity
(/ 12./345 6
500
17
Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Generic criteria
Equipment or Use
Vibrational
Velocity
(/ 12./345 6
250
18
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Acceptance Criteria
Sensitive Equipment
Generic criteria
Equipment or Use
Microelectronics manufacturing
equipment Class E (Aligners, steppers,
and other critical equipment for
photolithography with lines widths of
micron, including electron-beam
systems)
Unisolated laser and optical research
systems
Vibrational
Velocity
(/ 12./345 6
130
19
Vibration Characteristics
Floor Stiffness
Direct effect on natural frequency of the
floor system
78 9:
20
10
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Vibration Characteristics
Floor Stiffness
Modulus of elasticity
78
;.
=
8
33
21
Vibration Characteristics
Floor Stiffness
Effective moment of inertia
ACI Eq. (9-8)
?@A
?B
9:
9C
1D
?@A
?B
98E
9C
F@A
G@A H
GB
I@A
IJ
9C
22
11
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Vibration Characteristics
Effective Floor Weight,
Dead load of floor system
Superimposed dead load
Actual live load
23
Vibration Characteristics
Natural Frequency
Flat plate system
24
12
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Vibration Characteristics
Natural Frequency
Voided slab system
25
Vibration Characteristics
Natural Frequency
Flat plate system / Voided slab system
Assumptions
Thin, rectangular, isotropic plate
Primary vertical deflection due to flexure
26
13
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Vibration Characteristics
Natural Frequency
Flat plate system / Voided slab system
KH LHM
KQ R@ ST
NOHQ ;NU ; V H
;/N
27
Vibration Characteristics
Natural Frequency
Flat plate system / Voided slab system
[Z*
[ZZ
7.12 15.8
8.92 21.5
9.29 27.5
28
14
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Vibration Characteristics
Natural Frequency
Flat plate system / Voided slab system
Constant
0.79d
0.15e9:;
9:N 6
g :h
4.5X
=
8
29
Vibration Characteristics
Natural Frequency
Flat plate system / Voided slab system
Constant
30
15
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Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Walking
Rhythmic Excitation (Dancing)
Sensitive
Concrete
Reinforcing
steel
Loads
Compressive strength
Density 8 150 pcf
Yield strength
=
8
4,000 psi
60,000 psi
Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
System properties
Typical bay: 400" } 400"
Slab thickness ~ 19.5"
Void diameter 14.125"
Voided
Clear space between voids 1.625"
Member sizes slab
Number of void formers per sq ft = 0.58
Stiffness reduction factor = 0.90
36" } 36"
Columns
Spans
32
16
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Design Data
Section Properties
Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Concrete properties
;.
78
8 33
3,834,254 psi
=
8
Dynamic 78 1.278
662,559,007 psf
150
;.
} 33 4,000
4,601,104 psi
34
17
1/14/2015
Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Concrete properties
Modulus of rupture E 4.5X 8= 4.5 }
1.0 4,000 284.6 psi (accounts for shrinkage
restraint)(1)
Modular ratio 7 1.278
29,000,0004,140,994 7.0
35
Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Effective and gross moments of inertia
9:|
g :h
9:|
g :h
143,751 in.
9C|
g :h
266,936 in.
Crack coefficient
(1) Fanella,
; , ;
N,
0.54
36
18
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Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Properties of voided slab
Volume of one spherical void
O
N
O
;.;N
};,N
N
0.854 ft
Concrete displacement
volume of one spherical void }
number of voids per sq ft 0.854 } 0.58
0.50 ft /ft N
37
Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Properties of voided slab
Volume of concrete
Slab weight
1.13 } 150
;.
;N
D 0.50
;.
;N
1.13 ft /ft N
169.5 psf
} 150 D 169.5
38
19
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Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Properties of voided slab
Assuming an average void area in the slab of
70%:
Average dead load of slab with voids
0.7 } 74.3
191.7 psf
;.
;N
} 150 D
39
Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Properties of voided slab
Mass
W
,N m N m;N. } H
;;,;
H
N.N
6.96 slugs/ft N
40
20
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Examples
Flat plate - Voided slab system
Natural frequency (1st Harmonic)
KH LHQ
KQ R@ ST
NOHQ ;NU ; VH
N.;e.;N6
NO H
XN;
;/N
. e ,
(1)
Q. T
6
QH
H
.N
, 6e
;Ne.6 ;
;/N
6.2 Hz
1.0
(1) Blevins,
41
Examples
SAFE Analysis of voided-slab (3-span)
~ 0.17 u e
5.9 Hz ~ 5% error)
42
21
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Examples
Voided slab system
Natural frequency (2nd Harmonic)
KH LHH
KQ R@ ST
NOHQ ;NU ; VH
; .
.;N
N
XNN
6.2
;/N
13.8 Hz
43
Examples
Voided slab system Walking
Excitation
Check acceptance criterion
g
C
g
C
g
C
: -.T
: -.T}.H
. } ,N
~0.001
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Examples
Check walking acceptance criteria
Ok for office/residential application
45
Examples
Voided slab system Rhythmic
Excitation
Check acceptance criterion
Since x
E:= , implies that unacceptable
vibrations are not expected due to rhythmic
excitations
46
23
1/14/2015
Examples
Voided slab system Rhythmic
Excitation
Highest harmonic causing resonance
E:=
K M
g C
0.02
weight of participants
191.7
12.5
12.5 psf
204.2 psf
Acceptance Criteria
Voided slab system Rhythmic
Excitation
Rhythmic excitation
Weight of
Forcing
Frequency Participants
(psf)
e6
1.5 3.0
12.5
1.5 3.0
31.0
3.0 6.0
1
2
3
2.0 2.75
4.0 5.5
6.0 8.25
Activity
Harmonic
Dancing
Concert or
sporting
event
1
1
Aerobics
or jumping
4.2
Dynamic
Coefficient
!
0.50
0.25
0.05
1.50
0.60
0.10
48
24
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Acceptance Criteria
Voided slab system Rhythmic
Excitation
Criteria for dancing (1st harmonic)
;
3 1
;.
. e;N. 6
. N N .N
2.75 1
N. ;. e.N6
. N ; .
5.5 1
N.
.e.N6
. N ; .
Examples
Voided slab system Design for
Sensitive Equipment
Check acceptance criterion
"
Limiting "
1,000 in./sec
'( (lb)
(steps/minute)
(Hz)
Hz2)
Fast (100)
315
5.0
25,000
Moderate (75)
280
2.5
5,500
Slow (50)
240
1.4
1,500
50
25
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Examples
Voided slab system Design for
Sensitive Equipment
Check acceptance criterion
Maximum deflection of floor system subjected to a
unit concentrated load
Rectangular plate of uniform thickness with simply
supported edges with point load at geometric center
HH ; VH
KQ R@ SiT OT
d
dO Q
N H
d;,
, ;
;
, dT
tanh
D n
H
51
Examples
Voided slab system Design for
Sensitive Equipment
Check acceptance criterion
Series in this equation converges quickly
d /2
Series is equal to 0.72
} };N H ;
.NH
} 0.72
1.86 } 10 in./lb
52
26
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Examples
Voided slab system Design for
Sensitive Equipment
Check acceptance criterion
Slow walking pace
"
;.}; - };,
.N
449 in./sec
;.}; - } ,
.N
1,649 in./sec
;.}; - }N ,
.N
7,494 in./sec
53
Case Study
University of Wisconsin
Experimental measurement of vibration
properties of flat plate voided slab while
building was under construction
54
27
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Case study
Edge floor panel
55
Case study
Impulsive loading and response
0.04
0.0278 g
0.03
Impact
Acceleration (g)
0.02
Lift Off
0.01
0.00
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.04
-0.01
0.03
Signal Noise
Vertical Offset
0.02
-0.02
-0.03
Time (sec)
0.01
Acceleration (g)
-0.0205 g
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
Time (sec)
56
28
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Case study
FFT of response
57
Case study
Dominant modes from experiment
f1 ~ 12 Hz
f2 ~ 22 Hz
f3 ~ 35 Hz
Conclusions
Experimental frequencies are higher than
approximate analysis:
Shorter (stiffer) spans
Small damping since building was under construction
58
29
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References
CRSI Design Guide for Vibrations of
Reinforced Concrete Floor Systems
ATC Design Guide 1 Minimizing
Floor Vibration
Blevins Formulas for Natural
Frequency and Mode Shape
AISC DG 11 Floor Vibrations Due to
Human Activity
Questions?
60
30