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SSI 3013
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOLOGY
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STELLA: SIMULATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

NAME
NORSYAFIQA BINTI MOHAMAD
UNGKU NUR MUNIRA BINTI UNGKU TAUHID

MATRIC NO.
D20161073952
D20161073961

LECTURERS NAME: SIR AZMI BIN IBRAHIM

Introduction
Modeling and simulation known as a discipline focused on advancing and using the
theories and practices of selecting appropriate modeling techniques, creating associated
models, executing models dynamically over time. Modeling and Simulation is a discipline for
developing a level of understanding of the interaction of the parts of a system, and of the
system as a whole. A system is understood to be an entity which maintains its existence
through the interaction of its parts.
The Modeling & Simulation thread is intended for students interested in developing a
deep understanding and appreciation of how natural and human-generated systems such as
weather, biological processes, supply chains, or computers, can be represented by
mathematical models and computer software. Such models are widely used today to better
understand and predict the behavior of such systems.
Modeling and Simulation follows much the same reality. You can learn much about
modeling and simulation from reading books and talking with other people. Skill and talent in
developing models and performing simulations is only developed through the building of
models and simulating them. From the interaction of the developer and the models emerges
an understanding of what makes sense and what doesn't.

What is modeling?
According to Shannon, modeling is a representation of an object, a system, or an idea
in some form other than of the entity itself. Modeling also a simplified representation of a
system at some particular point in time or space intended to promote understanding of the
real system. It is a process of producing a model.
There are two types of model which consists of physical and mathematical. Models
are often described and represented by mathematical expressions, and the models themselves
often deal with physical phenomena, a background in mathematics and the sciences is
required. Combining this background with a knowledge in computer science will yield the
basic tools necessary to transform abstract conceptual models to computer programs that
execute efficiently on digital machines. A model intended for a simulation study is a
mathematical model developed with the help of simulation software. Mathematical model
classifications include deterministic (input and output variables are fixed values) or stochastic

(at least one of the input or output variables is probabilistic), static (time is not taken into
account) or dynamic (time-varying interactions among variables are taken into account).
Typically, simulation models are stochastic and dynamic.
One purpose of a model is to enable the analyst to predict the effect of changes to the
system. On the one hand, a model should be a close approximation to the real system and
incorporate most of its salient features. It should not be so complex that it is impossible to
understand and experiment with it. If too much detail is included in the model, the model may
become overly complicated and actually preclude the development of understanding. One
simply cannot develop all models in the context of the entire universe.

What is simulation?
A simulation of a system is the operation of a model, which is representation of that
system. The model is an amenable to manipulation which would be impossible, too
expensive, or too impractical to perform on the system which it portrays. The operation of the
model can be studied and from this, properties concerning on behavior of the actual system
can inferred. A simulation is the manipulation of a model in such a way that it operates on
time or space to compress it, thus enabling one to perceive the interactions that would not
otherwise be apparent because of their separation in time or space. The applications of
simulations are designing and analyzing manufacturing systems. Simulations also evaluating
a new military weapons system or tactics.
A simulation generally refers to a computerized version of the model which is run
over time to study the implications of the defined interactions. Simulations are generally
iterative in there development. One develops a model, simulates it, learns from the
simulation, revises the model, and continues the iterations until an adequate level of
understanding is developed.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Simulation

Simulations offer many key advantages over real life. One of them is that simulation can
boost student motivation. This is because the students are able to explore the experiment by

themselves. So that, it can help them to learnt more through this kind of simulation. The
students can carried out the experiment by their own and this situation can let them to easily
change and adjust the parameter given for more understanding.
They also can repeat the experiment for more than once. Students had the advantage
of the simulation tools, animations, and learning modules to get more insight into the
theoretical contents of the course. Students will have the opportunity to put a number of
theoretical concepts into practice by simply using the simulation. Besides that, learning
through simulation can bring them to deep learning too.
Simulation can be used as an effective means for teaching or demonstrating concepts
to students. This is particularly true of simulation that make intelligent use of computer
graphics and animation. Such simulation dynamically show the behavioral and relationship of
all the simulated systems components, thereby providing the user with a meaningful
understanding of the systems nature.
Consider again, for example, a circuit simulation. By showing the path taken by
signals as inputs are consumed by components and outputs are produced over their respective
fan out, the students can actually see what is happening within the circuit and is therefore left
with a better understanding for the dynamics of the circuit. Such a stimulation should also
permit students to speed up, slow down, stop, or even reverse a simulation as a means of
aiding understanding. This is particularly true when simulating circuits which contain
feedback loops or other operations which are not immediately intuitive upon an initial
investigation.
Lastly, stimulator can be used an effective ways for teaching or demonstrating
concepts to students. This stimulator help the teacher to not to do a real experiments in order
to study the concept. The teacher only need this stimulator and create the experiments n order
to teach the concept and also the student can gain many skills by using this stimulator such as
thinking skills, prediction skills in order to predict the result that will come out and others.
The disadvantages by using the stimulator is it is required internet connection in order to
design the experiments. It is difficult because sometimes some place does not have internet
connection or limited internet connection, this will disturb when the user want to design the
experiments.

Next, it is difficult to interpret the simulation results. Some of the student will carry
out the complex experiment by using this simulation, the result that will come out also not
easy to interpret. They need high thinking skills in order to interpret the result in the form of
graph or data.
Other than that, simulation modelling and analysis can be time consuming and
expensive. Some of the experiment that will carry out it need this simulation application.
Some of the application need to buy that will required high cost and also some of the
application need to be downloaded It takes a time in order to downloaded.
Finally, student have a poor understanding of how physical systems work. This is very
important because especially for the engineering student, it required more practical. If they
design the experiment by using this stella, They only need to sit in front the laptop and create
the experiments. This will cause them to loss their skills

Discussion for this simulation and experiment of Sawitbio

As for this experiment, the manipulated variable is the data of owl while the responding
variable is the data of rat. This simulation is actually proposed to be done since we can know
the effect of palm fruit. It is because as we know that rats and owls can determined as a prey
and predator.
First Graph

This graph does not show any result because we dont run this experiment. For this
experiment, when we used the simulation, we only have to change the data to run this

experiment. So we can see the changes at this graph. The blue line graph show the data of
owls while the purple line graph showed the rats.

Second Graph

For second graph, there is changes on the graph when the data were added that
provided in the blue and pink column. We can plan and determine the value that we want to
put and the graph will automatically formed as shown above. Based on the graph, for first
experiment the number of mouse was 10000 while owl was 5. This is show that using
stimulation make us to do our work easier in one times at the same places. We do not have to
do many times in different places. The oil palm in the graph is directly proportional to the
graph. The frequency for mouse is lower than the frequency for owl.

Third Graph

For third graph, the data was changed and the graph formed automatically also
changed. This is show that, we can use stimulation for any test or experiments. The graph
above is show the result for SawitBio after changing the data. For second experiment, we
increase the number of mouse and owl to 15000 and 8 respectively. The line formed for oil
palm remains same and does not change. We can conclude that oil palm as the control in this
experiment. The line formed for mouse and owl automatically also changed after change the
value of the data. The result show the relationship of mouse and owl as prey-predator. Owl as
the predator while the mouse as the prey.
Forth Graph

As a conclusion, from the stimulation that have been discuss above we can say that by
using the stimulation student able to predict the outcomes. For example, stimulation above
was study about SawitBio but the concept is same when we substitute other data. The result
that can be predict by student is the same as above just different of data. We applications of

simulations are designing and analyzing manufacturing systems.. A well done simulation is
constructed to include an extension to a new problem or new set of parameters that requires
students to extend what they have learned in an earlier context. Aapplications of simulations
are designing and analyzing manufacturing systems.
Furthermore, by stimulation student will feel more motivated in their study. As we can
see above, by using the stimulation student just need to change the parameter value and the
result appear immediately. By this way, student feel motivated to study because they can
explore many things by a simple way using stimulation. By feeling motivated can engage
students in deep learning that empowers understanding as opposed to surface learning that
requires only memorization.

The importance of using the simulation and technology

Based on what we had discussed earlier, we can view the importance of using this
technology in the learning process. This is due to the benefit of using this simulation by
which it can enhance student and motivate them to learn more about the experiment. Besides,
it is also useful and time-consuming since this simulation can be replay for a many time and
anytime. This will help the students to have a better understanding about certain critical
concept since they can view it and experienced it by themselves.
In addition of that, this technology also can help to motivate the students who never
used the device and the simulation before. They can learn new things and automatically add
their knowledge and it will make those student more knowledgeable. Besides, the students
will have the ability to do multi-task work since they have the knowledge on using the
Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the science prospects. This will avoid those
students to be left by the time of the countrys progress which is heading to be in the world
name.
Apart of that, the using of this simulation can aid the objective of the Ministry of
Education to implement the skill of using ICT for those youngsters since they are the one
who responsible to promote this country all over the world. This is because some of them will
become a minister, and other that will lead the country and ensuring our country to be a

successful country with a harmony life. Based on the importance stated, all of us should play
our role in ensuring the objective is achieve by giving cooperation to support this effort.

Conclusion
STELLA is a software which help in reading the data of experiment by showing
through graphs. The simulation given gives advantages to students when conducting
experiments. From simulation also we can see pattern of changes clearly and precise because
less error is produced as handle using computer.
Besides that by using STELLA, it gives result quickly as soon as we run the
parameter. Therefore students will not waste their time in drawing the graph to see the
relationship in experiments variables. Plus, students may have much time to analyzed and
synthesize the experiment about. Thus discussion session between students and teacher can
occur also practice students to think critically with much time they have.