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INFINITIVE & GERUND


Finite Verb      
 1  !"  tense
'() "
Ex. He is playing the piano.
She bought a lot books.
Non  Finite Verb   
 2  !"  
 1 89 ":"
;
" 3 = 
1. Infinitive with to
2. Infinitive without to
3. Gerund (Ving)
Ex They agreed to do their homework.
(1)
We let him go out.
(2)
She avoided singing Chinese song. (3)
 !"#$% :
- O  ( 
 1 ';
9  8P"!=  
 2
- O Q9 ( 
 1 ';
9 ) " 8P"!=  
 2
;

;":" ;9Q":  Finite Verb   ;
 Non T Finite
Verb 3 =89 ":"

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!'()* Infinitive with to , Infinitive without to , Gerund


Infinitive with to
1. Verb + to + Verb (infinitive)
agree
arrange
attempt
care
deserve
endeavor
fail
forget
hesitate
hope
learn
manage
mean
plan
refuse
swear
try
Ex. He tries to drink milk.
They plan to save money.

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Infinitive without to
1. Verb + to + Verb (infinitive)
auxiliary verb  (helping verb)
had better ( Wd better)
would rather ( Wd rather)
would sooner ( Wd sooner)
Ex.
He might go to England.
She had better go to bed early.

 


Infinitive with to
2. V + n , pron. + to + V (infinitive)
advise
allow
beseech
cause
command
compel
encourage
force
instruct
invite
order
permit
persuade
press
remind
request
Ex.
He allowed her to watch TV.
She invites me to have dinner.

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Infinitive without to
2. V + n , pron. + V (infinitive)
bid
help
let
make
Ex.
She let her daughter play the guitar.
"#5*6 \" passive voice 
 to " "  '9 let Q9"\]
\" passive voice
Ex.
He makes them take a bath.
They are made to take a bath by him.

 


Infinitive with to
3. V + to + V (infinitive)
V + n , pron. + to + V (infinitive)
ask
beg
desire
expect
hate
like
prefer
prepare
promise
trouble
want
wish
Ex.
I expect to finish this exercise.
I expect him to finish this exercise.

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Infinitive without to
3. V + n , porn. + V (infinitive) 
V + n , pron. + V ing
feel
hear
notice
observe
see
watch

Ex.
He heard the boy cry.(crying)
We notice him sleep. (sleeping).
8
" \" passive voice 
 to " 
Ex.
He heard her cry.
She was heard to cry by him.

 


   


Gerund (Ving)

Gerund  8 ing '(


 " 8P"  "   '(
9 

    Verbs (^9":  ;
 Gerund
1. V + V ing
to be busy
come
go
sit
appreciate
avoid
admit
be no use
delay
deny
detest (hate)
complete keep on
consider
can_t help enjoy
escape
feel like
finish
go on
get through to
give up
miss
mind
can_t stand
postpone
practice
worth
keep
to be no good imagine recall
risk
loathe (dislike) suggest would you mind
Ex. Would you mind passing me that book?
He gave up smoking.
2. V + Preposition + V ing '<= V + adj. + preposition + V ing
to be accustomed to
]" , ^"9
to be afraid of
(

to be fond of
]b
to be interested in
"\ \"
to be tired of
8b
to be used to
]" , ^"9
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to devote to
^c , b , (
to give up
( , 8(
to look forward to
8de 
to object to
;  "
to prevent f.from
"Q9\
to prohibit from
 
to succeed in
 8g
to take to
]b
Ex They are interested in swimming.
He succeeded in cooking dinner.
3. V + V ing '<= V + to + V (infinitive)  (^9":  O Q;:
Gerund 
Infinitive '9
  '9 "88(g"
begin
can_t bear (stand) "Q9Q;
commence
continue
cease
like
love
hate
intend
prefer
remember
neglect
plan
try
start
stop
Ex. He begins doing (to do) his work.
She likes playing (to play) the piano.
 !"#$%  =9( 
  O Q;: Gerund '( Infinitive '9

  8("'(8(g" 8]9"
1. She tried to sing this song.
   8(
;(b
She tried driving a car.
2. Remember to return him his book.

 8P"h ^b"
Don_t forget to return. 9 (9" "\8 " (   Q;
9 9)
I remember returning his book.
 8P";j"  Q;
9 Q; "
"Q'(

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3. They stopped to eat. (stop + to + V ^;8   ":")


^;8"
They stopped eating (stop + V ing ^;  ":")
^;"Q8(
4. Tata forgot to phone to me last night.
  (   8 8 " (Q9Q;)
Tata forgot phoning to me last night.
  (Q
9 Q;  8 8 "
5. I regret to tell you the truth.
j"8\  b
 '9 ^m (Q9Q;b)
I regreted telling you the truth.
j"=n8\ Q;b
 '9 m
^ Q (bQ'(
)
?*=@5'AB!
8   O Verb\8P"  " Q; ; 8 ing  to " V.
; '(
9  
 ; 
 8P"8 "
To study here is convenient to you.
To play in the rain is dangerous to your health.
'9\"h ^b" ":8 Q9 9 '9 (om": " ;8 
8" \9 8P";": ;\] It is n:""  '"
* It is convenient to you to study here.
* It is dangerous to you health to play in the rain.

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O 8 \] Ving n:"" ;\]8P") " O=


9
Walking is useful to us.
Eating to much makes us sick.
AB! ( Prepositions 8   ;
 V ing 8]9"
She left me without saying anything.
After clearing his problems, John was relieved.
Santi goes on his speech continuously.

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Pre-test on Infinitive and Gerund


DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. This English test measured the ability of students________ .
a. in listening, in reading comprehension and in self expression.
b. in regards to one_s listening, reading with comprehension and how
to express oneself.
c. to know how to listen, how to read with comprehension and how to
express oneself.
d. in listening, reading with comprehension and to express oneself in
writing.
2. David prefers ________to________ .
a. skiing, skating
b. to ski, skate
c. ski, skating
d. to ski, skating
3. uDo you feel that Thai people have gradually changed?v
uYes, Western influence and economic problems have made them
_________their religion.v
a. to neglect
b. neglected
c. neglect
d. neglecting
4. He said he was tired ________the same complaints.
a. by hearing
b. to hear
c. in hearing
d. of hearing
5. They went straight home after ________the club.
a. left
b. leaving
c. to leave
d. leave

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6. John spends every free hour ________science fiction.


a. to read
b. read
c. at reading
d. reading
7. She urged ________for dinner.
a. us to stay
b. we to stay
c. us staying
d. us stay
8. Mr.Brown was ________his watch in his pocket.
a. surprised to not find
b. surprised to find not
c. surprised not to find
d. surprising not to find
9. He advised them ________harder.
a. worked
b. working
c. to work
d. work
10. I helped her ________the examination.
a. passed
b. pass
c. passing
d. passes
11. Tom said that he wouldn_t mind________.
a. to wait for us
b. wait for us
c. for waiting us
d. waiting for us
12. Is this book worth ________?
a. reading
b. to read
c. reads
d. read
13. You ________your visa extended before it expires.
a. had better to get
b. had better get
c. had to get better
d. had better got
14. It is difficult for me ________their questions.
a. answered
b. answer
c. to answering
d. to answer
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15. If Mr.Walker talks to Miss Blunt much longer, he_s likely ______his train.
a. to miss
b. missing
c. miss
d. of missing
16. Charles would rather ________football than________ .
a. played, ate
b. to play, to eat
c. play, eat
d. playing, eating
17. I hope ________from you soon.
a. hear
b. to hear
c. hearing
d. for hearing
18. Please practice ________that exercise again.
a. writing
b. write
c. to write
d. written
19. This watch needs________ .
a. to clean
b. be cleaned
c. cleaning
d. clean
20. Make him ________his homework more carefully.
a. doing
b. done
c. to do
d. do

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Exercise 1 infinitive and Gerund.


DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. This watch need ________ .
a. clean
b. to clean
c. be cleaned
d. to be cleaned
2. She will explain the situation ________the boss in detail.
a. to
b. at
c. with
d. for
3. We are both looking forward ________ next week.
a. to go on vacation
b. going on vacation
c. to going on vacation
d. to be going on vacation
4. Jim always eats a lot. This eating habit causes ________uncomfortable.
a. he feels
b. him to feel
c. him feeling
d. to feel
5. The night was clear, but very cool. A biting wind made the girls
________under their blankets.
a. shivered
b. shiver
c. shivering
d. to shiver
6. Last Sunday I ________three hours in the morning ________up
in the mountains.
a. took, to walk
b. used to walk
c. found, walking
d. spent, walking
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7. He took some medicine, but forgot ________it before ________it.


Now he_s jumping up and down.
a. to shake T take
b. shaking - take
c. to shake T taking
d. shaking T taking
8. She advise him ________an adviser.
a. to see
b. seeing
c. see
d. seen
9. He let them ________to see the film.
a. go
b. to play
c. going
d. to going
10. He watched his sons________ .
a. play
b. to play
c. going
d. to be played
11. She is made ________by me.
a. work
b. working
c. to be worked
d. to work
12. It_s better ________it yourself than to ask someone to help you.
a. do
b. to do
c. doing
d. to be done
13. We never forget ________our books to school.
a. bring
b. to have brought
c. to bring
d. bringing
14. Do you remember ________Sanit at the races yesterday?
a. met
b. done
c. meet
d. meeting
15. Make him ________his homework more carefully.
a. doing
b. done
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c. to do

   


d. do

Exercise 2
DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. Some children wish people wouldn_t keep on ________out now, years
ago, children were made ________far more respect to their elders.
a. pointing f.show
b. pointing f.showing
c. pointing f.to show
d. point f.showing
2. It_s no use ________him really. You know he had no choice but
________. as he was told.
a. to blame f.do
b. blaming f.to do
c. to blame f.doing
d. to be blamed f.do
3. If catch you________again I shall make you stay in after school some
extra work.
a. cheating f.to do
b. to cheat f.doing
c. cheated f.done
d. cheat f.doing
4. It_s right that he should have failed since he started ________a few
weeks before the exam.
a. to work
b. worked
c. working
d. to be worked
5. I can_t stand ________the same word many times.
a. repeating
b. repeats
c. repeat
d. repeated
6. ________take this book from the library without permission.
a. You_d better not to
b. You_d better not
c. Better don_t you
d. It_s better you not

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7. In regard to the proposal to raise dues, ________postpone the matter


until the next meeting.
a. let us to
b. let us
c. let_s us
d. let_s us to
8. uHave you finished ________that book?v
a. to read f.read
b. reading f.to read
c. to read f.reading
d. reading f.reading
9. uThe concert will begin in a few minutes.v
u________or we_ll be late.v
a. We_d better hurry
b. We should be hurry
c. We must be hurry
d. We_d rather to hurry
10. uI_m surprised to know that Maria________ .v
uI hope she won_t be disappointed.v
a. looks forward to be married
b. is looking forward to being married
c. looks forward to marrying
d. is looking forward to marry
11. uShe ________where he had fallen.v uShe is very cruel.v
a. permitted him to lay
b. let him lay
c. allowed him lie
d. let him lie

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12. We went ________at the pool last Saturday.


a. swimming
b. swam
c. to swimming
d. swim
13. The institute is committed to ________the quality of life in Asia through
teaching and research in technology and through the promotion of human
resourcefulness.
a. improve
b. improving
c. be improved
d. have improved
14. uHow should I prepare myself for the university entrance examination,
Somsri?v
uIt_s no use ________when the examination drawing nearv
a. worry
b. to worry
c. worrying
d. to have worried
15. uWhat_s the matter with him?v
uOh, I guess ________this test.
a. he_s rather sleeping than passing
b. he_ll rather sleep than pass
c. he_d rather sleep than pass
d. he_d rather to sleep than to pass

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16. A financial crisis often has the effect of making many people _______to
more stable and prosperous lands.
a. to decide emigrating
b. to decide to emigrate
c. decided to emigrate
d. decide to emigrate
17. A : Did you recognize that charming girl?
B : Why not? ________with her last night.
a. I remember dancing
b. I remember dance
c. I remembered dancing
d. I remembered having danced
18. If you see Niyom, ________you mind ________him to get in touch
with me?
a. will f.reminding
b. will f.to remind
c. would f.reminding
d. would f.to remind
19. uDo you thing we should leave now?
uYes, it_s wiser ________before the traffic gets too heavy.v
a. than leaving
b. to leave
c. when leaving
d. leave

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6GHI<==*!H=JH
"
("  "^ '( m. Grammar. 
8b(]8], 2540.

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Key to the Exercise


Infitive & Gerund
Pre-test or Post-test

1 .a
6. d
11. d
16. c

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2. a
7. a
12. a
17. b

3. c 4. d
8. c 9. c
13. b 14. d
18. a 19. c

5. b
10. b
15. a
20.d

 


EXERCISE 1.

1.d 2.a 3.c 4.b 5.b


6.d 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.c
11.d
12.b 13.c 14.d
15.d

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EXERCISE 2.

1.c
6.b
11.d
16.d

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2.b 3.a 4.a,c


7.b 8.d 9.a
12.a 13.b 14.c
17.c 18.c 19.b

5.a
10.b
15.c

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