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Module 3
Lecture 13
Topics
3.25 Price vs. Quantity Approach
3.25.1 Optimal Policy With Uncertainty
Figure 13.1 a
1
Indian Institute Of Technology, Kanpur
NPTEL-Economics-Public Economics
First assume that SMB is downward sloping but fairly flat (this could arise for
global warming for example(does not change a lot with pollution reduction)
In addition suppose the governments best guess of the costs is
But it is possible for actual cost to firm
Regulation mandates
Suppose the MC is
, there is a large
MB flat, P regulation (tax):
Figure 13.1 b
If instead the government levied a tax, it would equal MD at
)
Again actual
The result is a much smaller DWL
Or
if
Model with Uncertainty and locally steep Benefits.
MB Steep, Quantity Regulation
Example: Nuclear Leakage
Figure 13.2 a
2
Indian Institute Of Technology, Kanpur
NPTEL-Economics-Public Economics
Figure 13.2 b
MB steep, Price Regulation
If instead the government levied a tax it would equal MD at
If
in figure 13.2 a.
Figure 13.3 a
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Indian Institute Of Technology, Kanpur
NPTEL-Economics-Public Economics
Figure 13.3 b
These figures show the implications for choice of quantity regulation versus
corrective taxes.
The key issue is whether the government wants to get the amount of
pollution reduction correct, or to minimize social (same as firm here)
costs.
Quantity regulation assures the desired level of pollution reduction. When
it is important to get the right level (such as with nuclear leakage), this
instrument works well.
However, corrective taxation protects firms against large cost overruns.
4
Indian Institute Of Technology, Kanpur
NPTEL-Economics-Public Economics
5
Indian Institute Of Technology, Kanpur