I.

Present tenses

1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT (este folosit pentru a exprima aciuni care se

petrec n mod frecvent).
Forma afirmativ:

I, you, we, they + verbul de baz

he, she, it + verbul de baz+ s(es)

E.g.: You read a lot.

He or she reads a lot.
Forma negativ:

I, you, we, they + do not (don't) + verbul de baz

he, she, it + does not (doesn't) + verbul de baz

E.g.: You do not (don't) read a lot.

He or she does not (doesn't) read a lot.
Forma interogativ: Do + I, you, we, they + verbul de baz
Does + he, she, it + verbul de baz
E.g.: Do you read a lot?
Does she or he read a lot?
Adverbs: often, usually, as a rule, always, every day/week/month/year.
ntrebuinare:

Aciuni frecvente:
E.g. : I take the bus every day.
We don't work on Saturdays.
We have lunch and dinner every day.
I often go to church.

Adevruri generale:
E.g.: Birds fly.

Water freezes at 0 degrees C.

Water boils at 100 dregrees C.
The Earth turns round the Sun.

Exprimarea viitorului, mai ales cnd se vorbete despre programe, planuri sau
orare privind circulaia autobuzelor, a trenurilor:
E.g.:

The train leaves at six o'clock.

The plane arrives at nine thirty.

!!! Unele verbe se folosesc numai cu prezentul simplu:

- Verbele care exprim o activitate mental: gndirea, prerea, aducerea
aminte sau uitarea, cunoaterea.
E.g.: Do you think English is difficult? I don not think so.
- Verbele prin care se exprim sentimente, dorine sau urri:
E.g.: John wants a glass of water.
I like tea.
We wish you a happy birthday.
- Verbele folosite n redarea vorbirii indirecte (say, ask, tell, answer):
E.g.: Mary says she is tired.
They ask if they can come.

2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (se folosete, n general, pentru a exprima

aciuni aflate n desfurare n momentul vorbirii).

Forma afirmativ:

be la timpul prezent + forma n -ing a verbului

E.g.: I am working.
You are working.

We are working.
You are working.

He/She is working.
Forma negativ:

They are working.

be la timpul prezent + not (n't) + forma n -ing a verbului

E.g.: I am not working.

We are not working.

You are not working.

You are not working.

He/She is not working.

They are not working.

Forma interogativ: be la timpul prezent + subiect + forma n -ing a verbului

E.g.: Am I working?

Are we working?

Are you working?

Are you working?

Is he working?

Are they working?

Adverbs: now, at the moment, at present.

ntrebuinare:

Aciune n desfurare n momentul vorbirii:

E.g.: What is John doing now? He is reading a book.

Aciune care are loc n timpul unei perioade de timp limitate, ns nu neaprat n
momentul vorbirii:
E.g.: Mary is studying German this year.

Aciune planificat pentru viitor (proiecte):

E.g.: What are you doing next week? (Ce faci sptmna viitoare? - Ce ai
planificat...?)

!!! Unele verbe nu se folosesc cu prezentul continuu:

Verbe de percepie : feel, hear, see, smell, taste
Verbe de opinie : assume, believe, consider, doubt, feel (= a crede), find (= a
considera), suppose, think
Verbe care se refer la percepie mental: forget, imagine, know, mean, notice,
recognize, remember, understand
Verbe care exprim emoii : envy, fear, dislike, hate, hope, like, love, mind, prefer,
regret, want, wish
Verbe folosite pentru msurat : contain, cost, hold, measure, weigh
Alte verbe : look (= a se asemana), seem, be (in majoritatea cazurilor), have = a

poseda)
Unele verbe pot fi folosite la forma continu. dar schimb sensul :
Exemple:
Verbul to see (a imagina) :
I think you are seeing things, there is no one in the house. Cred ca iti
imaginezi lucruri, nu e nimeni in casa.
Verbul to smell (a adulmeca, a mirosi) :
She is smelling the roses.- Ea miroase trandafirii.
Verbul to look (a se uita) :
Tom is looking at Maria.
Verbul to be (a se comporta) :
She is being rude. Ea se comporta nepoliticos.

3. THE SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT (stabilete o legtur ntre o aciune

trecut i prezent, rezultat sau aciune neterminat)

Forma afirmativ:

subiect + have/has + 3rd form

E.g.: Mary has bought a new car.

Forma negativ:

subiect + have not/has not + 3rd form

E.g.: Mary has not bought a new car.

Forma interogativ: have/has + subiect + 3rd form
E.g.: Has Mary bought a new car?
Adverbs: just, already, never, ever, often, seldom, always, sometimes, generally,
today, this week/month/summer/year, lately, recently, so far, up to now,
until now, yet, since, for.
ntrebuinare:

Aciune care a avut loc n trecut i are legtur cu momentul prezent sau se poate
continua n prezent:
E.g.: I have never heard such a stupid idea.

I have never been in France so far.

Aciune care a avut loc n trecut fr s se precizeze momentul exact:

E.g.: I have read the instructions but I did not understand them.
I have seen him but I forgot to tell him about my party.

Aciune care a avut loc n trecut i are un efect asupra prezentului:

E.g.: I have forgotten my book, so I can't read the lesson.
I have read the novel, so I can tell you what is about.

4. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (expim o aciune nceput n trecut

i continuat n prezent).

Forma afirmativ:

subiect + have/has + been + forma n -ing a verbului

E.g.: Bob has been (Bob's been) watching TV all day.

Forma negativ:

subiect + have not (haven't)/has not (hasn't) + been + forma

n -ing a verbului

E.g.: Bob has not been watching TV all day.

Forma interogativ: have/has + subiect + been + forma n -ing a verbului
E.g.: Has Bob been watching TV all day?
Adverbs: just, already, never, ever, often, seldom, always, sometimes, generally,
today, this week/month/summer/year, lately, recently, so far, up to now,
until now, yet, since, for.
ntrebuinare:

Aciun care a nceput n trecut si continu n momentul vorbirii:

E.g.: I have been running for two hours. (and I am still running)
I have been reading for half an hour. ( and I am still reading)