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HEAT
Study Plan:
In Tenth class Physical Science
Heat is one of the important chapter.
In SSC public examinations there
may be a chance to get one 4 marks
question, one 2 marks question and
also some bits from this chapter. So
the students should develop thorough
understanding on key concepts of
this chapter.
Important Topics in this chapter:
Specific heat - applications, Determination of specific heat of solid
experimentally. Differences between
evaporation and boiling, latent heat
of fusion, latent heat of veporization
and its values, condensation and its
applications.

Key Words
Heat:
Heat is the energy that flows from a
hotter to a cooler body.
Temperature:
The degree of hotness or coldness.
(or)
The measure of thermal equilibrium.
Specific heat:
It is the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of unit mass of
substance by one unit.
Freezing: The process in which a
substance in liquid phase changes to
solid phase at constant temperature is
called freezing.
Melting: The process of converting
solid into liquid at constant
temperature is called melting.
Boiling: The process in which the
liquid phase changes to gaseous
phase at a constant temperature is
called boiling.
Condensation: Condensation can be
defined as the phase change from gas
to liquid.
Evaporation: The process of esc-

1. The escape of molecules from

the free surface of a liquid is
called evaporation.
2. Evaporation causes cooling.
3. The temperature of liquid is
reduced during evaporation.
4. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon.
5. Evaporation takes place at all
temperature.

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Latent heat of fusion for ice is..

aping of molecules from the surface
of a liquid at any temperature is called evaporation.
Humidity: The amount of water vapour present in air is called humidity.
Dew: The water droplets condensed
on cold surfaces is called dew.
Fog: The droplets of water floating
in air due to condensation and
forming a thick mist which restricts
visibility is called fog.
Latent heat of fusion: The heat energy required to convert 1 gram of solid completely into liquid at constant
temperature is called latent heat of
fusion.
Latest hear of vaporization: The
heat energy required to change one
gram of liquid to gas at constant
temperature is called latent heat of
vaporisation.
CGS unit of specific heat: cal/g.C
SI unit of specific heat: J / Kg. K
1 cal = 4.186 Joules.

Important Questions
Q. Explain why dogs pant during
hot summer days using the
concept of evaporation?
A. Dogs pant during hot summer days to reduce their internal temperature. When dogs pant the water
molecules present on the toungue
and in the mouth get evaporated
by absorbing some heat from
dog's body. As a result the interior of dog's body gets cooled.
Q. What happens to the water when
wet clothes dry?
A. i) During drying water present in
wet clothes changes to vapour
state. This process is called
evaporation.
ii) When wet clothes are kept in
open place due to large are exposed to air, the water molecules absorb heat from the surroundings and change its
state there by leaving the
clothes dry when wind blows.

Q. Write the differences between evaporation and boiling.

Evaporation

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Boiling
1. Boiling is a rapid change from
a liquid to a gaseous state at
boiling point.
2. Boiling does not cause cooling.
3. The temperature of liquid
remains constant.
4. Boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
5. Boiling takes place at boiling
point only.

Tenth Class
Physical
Science
Q. Why do we get dew on the surface of a cold soft dring bottle
kept in open air?
A. i) When a cold soft drink bottle is
kept in open air the water vapour present in the surrounding
air condenses on the bottle.
ii) The water molecules formed
due to the condensation, stick
to the surface of the bottle.
iii) These water droplets are seen
as dew on the surface of the
bottle.
Q. What role does specific heat plays in keeping a watermelon cool
for a long time after removing it
from a fridge on a hot day?
A. When a watermelon slice is removed from fridge on a hot day it
takes a long time to attain the room temperature. This is because
a little of water in the watermelon takes more time to get evaporated as its specific heat capacity is
more. This enables the water melon to remain cool for long even
though it is removed from fridge.
Q. What is the principle of method
of mixitures?
A. When two (or) more bodies at
different temperatures are mixed
with each other then net heat lost
by the hot bodies is equal to net
heat gained by the cold bodies
until they attain thermal equilibrium (or) equal temperature .
Net heat lost = Net heat gained.
This is known as principle of
method of mixtures.
Q. Is you are Chilly out side the
shower stall, why do you feel
warm after the bath if you stay in
the bath room?
A. i) We feel warm after finish our
bath under the shower on a hot
day.
ii) In the bathroom, the number of
vapour molecules per unit volume is greater than the number
vapour molecules per unit
volume out side the bathroom.
iii) When we try to dry ourselves
with a towel, the vapour molecules surrounding us conde-

Q.

A.

Q.
A.

Q.

Q.
A.

Q.
A.
Q.
A.

Q.
A.

nse on our body.

iv) The condensation process is
warming process hence we
feel warm.
Equal amounts of water are kept
in a cup and in a dish. Which will
eveporate faster? why?
The surface area of water in dish
is more than the surface area of
water in a cup. Evaporation increases with increasing in surface
area. So water in dish will evaporate faster.
How fog is formed?
At very low temperature the water molecules present in vapour
condense on the dust particles in
air to form a thick mist known as
fog. Fog reduces visibility by a
large extent.
Convert 20C into kelvin scale.
K = C + 273
Given C = 20C
K = 20+273 = 293K
20C = 293K
Why does ice floats on water.
When water freezes to from ice
its density reduces. So ice (density 0.9 g/cm3) floats on water
(Density 1g/cm3)
What is the effects of pressure on
melting point of ice?
With increase in pressure the
melting point of ice reduces.
Why water is used as coolant?
The specific heat capacity of water is larger (4200 J/Kg.K) So
water requires large amount of
heat for a given rise in
temperature, thus it acting as a
good coolant.
Why is it easy to cook food in a
pressure cooker?
The boiling point of water is increases upto 110C in a pressure
cooker. This increased tempera-

ture cooks food faster.

Q. What is humidity?
A. The amount of water vapour present in air is called humidity?

Fill in the Blanks

1. is a cooling process.
2. Latent heat of fusion for ice is
.
3. is used as a coolant.
4. is the reverse process of
evaporation.
5. The amount of a water vapour
present in air is called .
6. 1 cal = Joules

Answers
1) Evaporation
3) water
5) Humidity

2) 80 cal /gm
4) Condensation
6) 4.186

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is a
warming process
[ ]
a) Evaporation b) condensation
c) boiling
d) all the above
2. Melting is a process in which
solid phase changes to
[ ]
a) liquid phase
b) liquid phase at constant
temperature
c) gaseous phase d) any phase
3. Three bodies A, B and C are in
thermal equilibrium. The temperature of B is 45C. then the
temperature of C is _____ [ ]
a) 45C
b) 50C
c) 40C
d) any temperature
4. The temperature of a steel rod is
330K. Its temperature in C is
________
[ ]
a) 55C
b) 57C
c) 59C
d) 53C

Answers
1) b

2) b

3) a

4) b

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