( , .

. ,

)

.


,
,
, ,
,
, .

..
1918
1918.
, ,
'
. ,


.
, ,
,
.
' , , ,
.
'
.

.
.
1850 :
,
,
, - ,
1.



.
.

1920
, ,
, ,
,

.
,
.
.


. ,
, ,

.
, ,
, ,
,
,

.
.

-

.

 , '


.


.

2.
,
,
, -
,
( 19
)3,
,
, 1905,
.
,


.
'
,
,
1916. ,
,
-
. 1916-17

.
1917.
1
,
.

--

4.

.
2 ,
1917 , ,
,

.
.
, , ,

- (

 )

5.
1917
, , ,
6. ,

7.
-
-
.
,
50 ' 8,

9. '


.



. ,

,
:
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
.
. . ,
,
, ,
.
.




10. 19 1918
.

11.

,
,
12.
, -
,



13.
1918


,
, ,

14.
1919 15.
,
1918, ,
,

.
, ,


, ,
.
,

,
16,
.
(
)
,

. ,
,
,
,
,

.
1918
-
17 .

13 1918 18.
VTsIK *

19.

, ,
, , ,
** . ,

, , ,


.

, - -

20.


,

, .

- -
,

.

,

21.
-
, ,
,
22. ,
191823,
-
.
.

.
1918

. 1918 400.000

24.

.


1918
,
. ,
, -
,
1918.
,
,

. ,
,
,
25.

1918.
, ,
1919, .

 1918

.
1919
. ,
,
26, .
,

,
27.
.
. 1919

.
,
.
,
,
28
. - 29.
,


30. ,
20.000

 ,
.

,

31.
1919

.

.

1919

.

,
.


.

.

'
, ,

,

,

32. -
33
,
.
, , ,
, , .


,
.
1919


34.(118)
, , ,


1917-18.

 1920
.
.


.
,
1920.




.
.
1920

.

.

-
.
,


. ,



,

. 1918
1919
.


1920.
1920
, VTsIK,
35 ,

36.

.
.
.
1920,

,


.
.
,
37.
.

,
,
,
.
,

.
, ,
.

.
1921 , ,
38.
1920.
. ,
39. ,

,
40.
1920 ,
,
41.
, 13
1920
, --, ,
,

.
,
,
,

.

42.

,

.

.

 ' ,



43. --
,
VTsIK, - . '
, ,
.44

1920-21
.
.

' ,
, .

, '
. ,


.
.

.

,
. ,


.

.
. 1920
, , -


, 18
1921 VTsIK ,
45.


1914

,
( ).
-
, , , ,
.

.


. ,


, .

1870 ,
, .
,

, .
,
, ,
12.000.000 500.000 .


.
.
1914
1916
,
.

,
,

,
46.
.
, ,


.

. 1917

.
( )
47.



.
,
, ,
.

, , 48.

.

49,

. , ,
, ,

50.
, ,
51.
,
(

)52.
,
-

 - . 25
1918
53.
,
54,
1918 ,


55. ,

. 1919
.


.
.
'
.
1918
40
.
.
,
. ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
, '
,
,
,
56.
,
,
. , , ,
-


. ,


57,
.

,
.
( 1920
)

 ,
58.
1919 8 ..
,
.
,

.

. 1 1919

, 15
,
, 59.
12 1919



60.

95%

61.
.
1919,
62, VtsIK

63. :




...

, ,
64.




65 1920

66.
,

,
.

.

. , 1920
, ,
( ) 67.

,
68. 5 1920
1 69.
,
,

,

70. 1920

8 71,

72.



, .

,

 -
.
1920


73,
74. ,





. ,

, 1920:


.

...
,
... ,
75.


. ,


,

(
!) :


76.
10 ,
1921 , ,
,

77.
1922


,
78.
11 1921
VTsIK
79,
.

 ,
VTsIK
80.

,

.
, , ,
. ,
,
.
. 1921

.
-
,

81.

- 4 1922 -
, .
, -
.



.

1920
,
82,
.
. .,
1917-1923, 1977, . 417 447

1 -, Historisch-Kritische Gesamtausgabe, IIIer Teil, I, 206.

2 O . . , ,
1905 Revolyutsiya I Natsional'nosti, 8
9, 1930 1, 1931.

(.., 1. 1931, .73)
' .
3

. 18 19

( ),

.
.


,
1920.
4 Revolyutsiya I Natsional'nosti Vopros: Documenty I Materialy, . . . ,
III (1930), 294-305.
5 .., III, 315-17, 328, 363-5.
6 .., III, 414-28.
7 .., III, 372-7.
8 . , Bashkiriya (1925), . 57.
9 Revolyutsiya I Natsional'nosti Vopros: Documenty I Materialy, . . . ,
III (1930), 377.
10 , Mezhdunarodnaya Politika, II (1926), 94-6
Revue du monde musulman, II (1922), 7-9.
-
.
11 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1917-18, 17, 243.
12 .., 6, 103.
, .
13 Politika Sovetskoi Vlasti po Natsional'nomu Voprosu (1920), . 80, 99.
14 Vos'moi S''ezd RKP(B) (1933), . 433-4.
1919
(Zhizn' Natsional'nostei, 8(16), 9 1919) ':
.
15 , , XXIV, 542-51 , , IV, 279-80.
16 . , Bashkiriya (1925), . 56-9.
Voprosy Istorii, 4, 1948, . 26 11/24 1917
,
.
17 (Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1917-18,
30, 394).

.
,
.
18 Revue du monde musulman, (1922), 131.
* Vserossiiski
(Vseeoyuznyi)
Tsentral'nyi
Ispolnitel'nyi
Komitet,
() .
19 . , .
Voprosy Istorii, 4, 1948, . 34,

.
** , , Sovet Narodnykh Komissarov.
20 Politika Sovetskoi Vlasti po Natsional'nomu Voprosu (1920), . 8-9, 4. (107)
21
:
( ) '
!
,
.
.
' ,
, ,
.
.
-
: ,

(Zhizn' Natsional'nostei, 29 (37), 3 1919).
22 . . , Chuvashiya (1926), . 70.
23 , , IV, 85-92.

24 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1917-18, 79, 831.

, 1923,
(Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1924, 7, 13).
25
(. , Nashe Pravitel'stvo, , 1928).
26 ( )
,
, 1919
. . Mes
Tribulations en Russie (, 1921), . 10.
27 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1919, 46, 451. 1919

1919 (Politika Sovetskoi Vlasti po
Natsional'nomu Voprosu (1920), . 19-20, 18-19). 7
, 1919 ,


,
(7 Vserossiiskii S''ezd Sovetov [1920], . 17).

(. , Bashkiriya [1925], . 71-2).
28 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1919, 36, 354.
29 , ,

(Revue du monde musulman, [1922], 175-7).
30 Politika Sovetskoi Vlasti po Natsional'nomu Voprosu (1920), . 38-9, 56.
31 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1919, 37, 368.
- . . , Kalmykia (1926).
32
mechet - 700-1000
10-12.000 (.
-, Metody Antireligioznoi Propagandy Sredi Mususl'man, . 4).
33 Dagestan . . 126-37

1917 1921.
34 . , Dagestan, . 133-6.
35 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1920, 45, 203 51, 222 59
267.
36 Politika Sovetskoi Vlasti po Natsional'nomu Voprosu, . 44, 65 . 41
60.
37 . , Bashkiriya (1925), . 72-4.
, Revue du monde musulman,
(1922), 162-3. 1921

.
, ,
(Izvestiya Tsentral'nogo Komiteta
Kommunisticheskoi Partii (Bol'shevikov), 34, 1921, . 5).
'
(.. Proletarskaya Revolutsiya, 11(58) 12(59), 1926
3(74) 5(76), 1928).
Grazhdanskaya Voina v Baskirii (, 1932).
-
.
- .


. ,

 , (. ),
-
. 1944 -
. , 1948

Turkesta Tarihi.
38 Revue du monde musulman, (1922), 182-91
1920
1921. .
39 , , IV, 397.
40 .., IV, 400.
41 13 .
42 , , IV, 394-7.
43 .., IV, 399-403.
.


.
44 20 1921
Sobranie
Uzakonenii, 1921, 5, 39 6. 41.
45 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1921, 69, 556.
46

.
47 Proletarskaya Revolutsiya, 10(33), 1924, . 138-61.
48 Kolonial'naya Revolyutsiya:
Opyt' Turkestana (1921) . ,
( 1920) Revue du
monde musulman, (1922), . 28-73.
Pobeda Velikoi Oktyabr'skoi Sotsialisticheskoi Revolyutsii v Turkestan:
Sbornik Documentov (, 1947), .
Partiinaya Zhizn', 4, 1948 -


- , ,
, ,
. -
1917 1919 "
" (.., .75).
:
.
(Novyi Vostok, II [1922], 79).
49 . , Kolonial'naya Revolyutsiya: Opyt' Turkestana (1921), . 70.
50 .., . 71.
51 .
,Revolyutsiya v Srednei Azii: Sbornik (), (1928), 21-40. II (1929), 43-81.

, .
.

.
52 Revue du
monde musulman, (1922), 236-43 Novyi Vostok, II (1922), 274-8.
53 Revue du monde musulman, (1922), 217-18.
54 1917 1920 Novyi Vostok, III
(1923), 241-57.
55 Revue du monde musulman, (1922), 192-201
1919 .
Journal of the Central Asian Society, IX (1922), II, 96-110.

56 Desyatyi S''ezd Rossiskoi Kommynisticheskoi Partii (1921), . 105.

,
.
57 5 , 1918,
,
,
(. , Kolonial'naya Revolyutsiya: Opyt' Turkestana (1921), . 85).
(.., . 115),

.
58 Zhizn' National'notei, 23(80), 18 1920.
(
1918) . ,Revolyutsiya v Srednel Azii: Sbornik (), (1928), 720, II (1929), 10-42.

1919-20 (.. , Sobranie Sochineii,
[1929], 119-21).
59 Zhizn' National'notei, 20(28), 1 1919 22(30), 15 1919.
60 , , XXIV, 811.
61 . . , Mission to Tashkent (1946), . 190-1.
62 1919
.
.
63 (
), (
), , ,
(. , Kolonial'naya Revolyutsiya: Opyt' Turkestana, .
105).
64 , , XXIV, 810-11.
65 .., XXIV, 531.
66 Zhizn' National'notei, 4(61), 1 1920.
67 (Revue du monde musulman, 1i [1922], 207)
1919
.
1920
.
68 . . , Sobranie Sochineii, (1929), 142-3 Revue du monde musulman,
(1922), 219.
69 Novyi Vostok, II (1922), 272.
70 . , One Who Survived (1945), . 103.
71 Vos'moi Vserossilskii S''ezd Sovetov (1921), . 225-6.
72 13.
73 . , Kolonial'naya Revolyutsiya: Opyt' Turkestana (1921), . 133.
74
(Revue du monde musulman, [1922], 68-9)
: 1920-1

.
75 , 20 1920. 10 , 1921
,
:
'
(Desyatyi S''ezd RKP [1921], . 104).


(Zhizn' National'notei, 23(80), 18 1920).
76 1 yi S''ezd Norodov Vostoka (1920), . 85-91.
77 Desyatyi S''ezd RKP (1921), . 163-8.
,
.


(, V, 1-3).
78 Zhizn' National'notei, 3(132), 26 1922.
79 Sobranie Uzakonenii, 1921, 32, 172.
80 .., 32, 173. ,
, 10 ,
. One Who Survived, . 99 .
.
81
- Novyi Vostok, II (1922),
274-84. (Revue du monde musulman, 1i [1922], 228-9),
.

.
82 Politika Sovetskoi Vlasti po Natsional'nomu Voprosu, (1920), . 44, 65.