KONSEP PENTAKSIRAN,

PENGUJIAN,PENGUKURAN
DAN PENILAIAN

Prepared by:
NURFIRDAWATI MUHAMAD HANAFI

KUALITI
PENDIDIKAN
KUALITI
SOSIAL

KUALITI
EKONOMI

KUALITI MANUSIA

TANGGUNGJAWAB
GURU

memiliki ilmu
tentang setiap
subjek atau
mata pelajaran
yang di ajar

melakukan
persediaan
untuk
mengajar

memahami
proses
pengajaran dan
pembelajaran
Kemahiran
penilaian

Ciri-Ciri Guru
Mahir dalam P&P

mengenalpasti
pelajar yang
bermasalah
dalam P&P

Pembuatan keputusan merupakan

satu proses berfikir dan membuat
pertimbangan berasaskan
penganalisisan tentang sesebuah
situasi dan aktiviti yang terlibat.

Membuat Keputusan

Good
Instructional
Decision
in Classroom

High
Quality of
Information

High
Quality of
Assessment

Instructional Decisions Requiring

Measurement Data
Instructional Decisions

Measurement Data

How realistic are my teaching

plans for this particular group
of students?

Scholastic aptitude test, past

record of achievement.

How should the students be

grouped for more effective
learning?

Scholastic aptitude and

achievement test, past record
of achievement.

To what extent are the

students ready for the next
learning experience?

Readiness test, pre test over

needed skills, past record of
achievement.

To what extent are students

attaining the minimum
essentials of the course?

Mastery test, class projects,

observation

Instructional Decisions Requiring

Measurement Data
Instructional Decisions

Measurement Data

To what extent are students

progressing beyond the
minimum essential?

Periodic quizzes, general

achievement test,
observation.

At what point would a review

be most beneficial?

Periodic quizzes, observation

What types of learning

difficulties are the students
encountering?

Diagnostic test, observation,

pupils conferences.

Which students are

underachievers?

Scholastic aptitude test,

achievement test.

Instructional Decisions Requiring

Measurement Data
Instructional Decisions

Measurement Data

Which students should be

Scholastic aptitude tests,
referred to counseling, special achievement test, diagnostic
classes, or remedial programs? tests, observation.
Which students are poor self Self-rating, pupils conferences.
understanding?
Which school mark should be
assigned to each students?

Review of all evaluation data.

How effective was my

teaching?

Achievement tests, pupils

rating, supervisors rating.

Latihan 1:
Decisions Before Beginning Teaching?

Decisions During Teaching?

Decision After a Teaching Segment

mengenalpasti isi
pengajaran yang akan
diajar

mengetahui
kebolehan pelajarnya

meletakkan matlamat
pengajaran
mengenalpasti bahan
yang sesuai
digunakan dalam
proses pengajaran
merancang dan
menguruskan

merancang aktiviti
pengajaran
pengajaran

Decisions Before
Beginning Teaching?

Semasa Pengajaran
mengenal
pasti tahap
kesediaan
pelajar untuk
meneruskan
aktiviti

perlu
memberikan
maklumbalas
yang sesuai

memikirkan
tentang
perkara yang
perlu

memerhatikan
pelajar

Selepas Proses Pengajaran

menilai tahap penguasaan
pelajar
mengetahui kelebihan dan
kelemahan pelajar
memberikan gred
keberkesanan sesuatu ABBM
menilai keberkesanan pengajaran
Menilai kesesuaian kandungan
Menilai keberkesanan strategi P&P

FAIR
RELIABLE
VALID

test

assessment
measurement

evaluation

ASSESSMENT
Assessment is a broad term defined as
a process for obtaining information
that is used for making decisions about
students, curricula and programs, and
educational policy.

ASSESSMENT- decision
STUDENTS
(i) Managing classroom instruction
(ii) placing them into
CURRICULA &
different types of
PROGRAMS
educational
(i) The effectiveness
programs
(ii) Ways to improve
(iii) assigning grades
to them
(iv) guiding and counseling them
(v) Selecting them for educational
opportunities
(vi) Credentialing and certifying
their competence

EDUCATIONAL
POLICY
(i) School district level
(ii) State level
(iii) National level

TEST
Is defined as an instrument or
systematic procedure for observing
and describing one or more
characteristic of a student using either
a numerical scale or a classification
scheme.

MEASUREMENT
Measurement is defined as a
procedure for assigning numbers to a
specified attribute or characteristic of
a person in such a way that the
numbers describe the degree to which
the person possess the attribute.

EVALUATION
Is defined as the process of making a
value judgment about the worth of a
students product or performance.

Relationship Among the term Assessment,

Tests, Measurement and Evaluation
Assessments

Tests
Classification
Scheme

Are used to gather information about

students and include

Are systematic procedures

for describing certain
characteristics of students
using ether
Numerical
Scales

Use psychological theories

Non-Tests

Use a process called

Measurement

To assign qualitative labels to

students

To assign scores to students

Evaluation

One or more of these may be

combined with a teachers experience
to judge the worth of a students
achievement using a process called

Examples Of Types Of Educational Decisions For

Which Assessment May Be Used.
Educational Assessment
Are used for informing
Decisions about Curricula
& Programs

Decisions about policy

District
Policy

Formative
Evaluation

Summative
Evaluation

State
Policy
1

National
Policy

Decisions about Students

Managing
Instruction

2. Placing
students
into
programs
4.
Counseling &
guiding
students

3.
Classifying
Students
5.
Selecting
Students

6. Credentialing
& certifying
students

Examples Of Types Of Educational Decisions For

Which Assessment May Be Used.
1
Managing
Instruction

Formative
Evaluation

Summative
Evaluation

For purposes of
Planning
instructional
activities

Placing students
into learning
sequence

Monitoring
students progress

Feedback

For purposes of
Assigning
grades to
students

Diagnosing
learning
difficulties
To students and
parents about
achievement

To teacher about
effectiveness

A TIME OF ASSESSMENT
TRANSITIONS

More
Assessment
Methods
New
Assessment
Roles
Changing
Assessment
Purposes

FROM AN ERA
OF
ASSESSMENT
FOR SORTING

Clearer
Assessment
Expectations

TO AN ERA OF
ASSESSMENT
FOR
COMPETENCE

POSITIVE, CONSTRUCTIVE
ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENT
Clear Thinking and effective
Communication
Teachers in charge
Students as a Key Users
Clear and appropriate targets
High-Quality Assessment
Attention to interpersonal Impact
Assessment as Instruction

Latihan 2
Describe the general principles of evaluation.
Describe the relationship between instruction
and assessment.

Thank You