33 emergency methods of moving casualties

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1. EMERGENCY METHODSOF EVACUATING CASUALTIES WITHOUT EQUIPMENT 1

2. INTRODUCTIONNon-Risky Situation Package casualties wherever possible Evacuate
casualties with stretchers Ensure comfort or minimize the suffering of the casualtiesEmergency or
Risky Situation No stretchers or time to construct improvised stretchers The casualty must be
removed quickly due to potential dangers Do not attempt to rescue if your own life is in danger 2
3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the correct techniques to be applied on the casualty
Execute the correct method of carrying the casualty Demonstrate the necessary safety measures
taken to prevent injury to the rescuers 3
4. SCOPE Introduction Factors influencing methods used Safety Precautions Demonstration
and Practical of 1-Man Emergency Methods of Evacuating Casualties Demonstration and
Practical of 2-Man Emergency Methods of Evacuating Casualties Conclusion 4
5. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE METHODS USEDMethods employed will depend on
acombination of the following factors:a. Type and severity of the injuriesb. Casualtys status
conscious unconsciousc. Weight of the casualtyd. Availability of Rescuerse. Distance and Route
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6. GENERAL RULES Search should commence at the point of the greatest survival rate In multistorey buildings, search should start from the top and work your way down Common places where
casualties are found: a) Near doors b) Near windows c) At staircases d) In the restrooms 6
7. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Always work in pairs Ensure the proper placement of your feet for
the selected techniques to prevent falling The correct method of lifting and gripping must be
followed Put on safety gears Bring along a torch Ensure that the method selected does not
suffocate or cause further injury to the casualty Do not drop the casualty Squat down to Lift
casualty instead of bending body down 7
8. Emergency Methods of Casualty Evacuation from Surface Area One-Man Operations 1.
Firemans Lift Light casualty, no back/spinal injuries2. Fore Method Casualty of similar weight or
heavier than rescuer 8
9. 3. The Cradle Light-weight casualties or children 4. The Pick-a-back Casualty is able to hang
on Will not lose consciousness 9
10. 5. Backward drag Casualty is too heavy to be lifted 6. The Human Crutch Casualty can walk
with assistance 10
11. Practical 11
12. Emergency Methods of Casualty Evacuation from Surface Area2-Man Operations1. Double
Human Crutch Casualty can walk with assistance 2. The Fore & Aft Casualty is unable to walk
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13. 3. 2-Handed Seat Casualty need to be carried rather than dragged Casualtys weight beyond
the capability of 1 rescuer 4. 3-Handed Seat Useful when rescuer needs a free hand Can
support casualtys injured leg 13
14. 5. 4-Handed SeatCasualty needs to be carried rather than draggedCasualtys weight beyond
the capability of 1 person 14
15. Practical 15
16. CONCLUSION1. Rescuing of casualties may be conducted under any conceivably adverse
conditions.2. Methods employed will depend location and type of injury sustained.3. Remember
objective of rescue operations is to save and prevent further loss of lives.4. Speed is essential, but
must be consistent with safety and proper handling of casualties.5. Ensure personal safety, as
accidents and injuries to rescuers may jeopardise the whole operations.

Victim Evacuation Techniques

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1. Search & Rescue Victims Evacuation Techniques

2. <ul><li>Required to evacuate a sick or injured person from an emergency scene to a location of
safety. </li></ul><ul><li>Causalities carried carefully and correctly handled, otherwise their injuries
may become more serious or possibly fatal. </li></ul><ul><li>Situation permitting, evacuation of a
causality should be organized and un-hurried. </li></ul><ul><li>Each movement should be
performed as deliberately and gently as possible. </li></ul><ul><li>Manual carries are tiring for the
rescuer and involve the risk of increasing the severity of the casualty's injury.
</li></ul><ul><li>Choose the evacuation techniques that will be least harmful, both to rescuer and
the victim. </li></ul>Rescue Drag and Carry Techniques
3. <ul><li>Tied-Hands Crawl </li></ul><ul><li>Crawling Technique </li></ul><ul><li>One Person
Arm Carry </li></ul><ul><li>One Person Pack-Strap Carry </li></ul><ul><li>Fire Fighters Carry
</li></ul><ul><li>Two Person Drag (Human Crutch) </li></ul><ul><li>Two Person Carry (by Arms
& Legs) </li></ul><ul><li>Chair Carry </li></ul>Types of Drag and Carry Techniques <ul><li>Ankle
Pull </li></ul><ul><li>Shoulder Pull </li></ul><ul><li>Blanket Drag </li></ul><ul><li>Two Handed
Seat </li></ul><ul><li>Four Handed Seat </li></ul><ul><li>Three Person Carry
</li></ul><ul><li>Removal Downstairs </li></ul><ul><li>Making Improvised Stretchers (Shirts,
Blanket, Rope) </li></ul>
4. <ul><li>Place the casualty face up. Cross the casualty's wrists and tie them together.
</li></ul><ul><li>Kneel astride the casualty and lift the arms over your head so that the casualty's
wrists are at the back of your neck. </li></ul><ul><li>When you crawl forward, raise your shoulders
high enough so that the casualty's head will not bump against the deck. </li></ul>The tied-hands
crawl may be used to drag an unconscious casualty for a short distance. It is particularly useful
when you must crawl underneath a low structure, but it is the least desirable because the
casualty's head is not supported. Tied-Hands Crawl
5. Use a triangular bandage, a torn shirt, etc to tie the casualty's hands together and place them
around your neck. This way you can move a person much heavier than yourself. Crawling
Technique
6. <ul><li>Rescuer holding the victim around the victims back and under the knees </li></ul>One
Person Arm Carry Single rescuer to lift a victim safely by arm carry
7. <ul><li>Place both the victim's arms over your shoulders. </li></ul><ul><li>Cross the victim's
arms, grasping the victim's opposite wrist. </li></ul><ul><li>Pull the arms close to your chest.
</li></ul><ul><li>Squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim while bending slightly at the
waist. </li></ul><ul><li>Balance the load on your hips and support the victim with your legs.
</li></ul>One Person Pack-Strap Carry This method is better for longer distances to lift a victim
safely.
8. <ul><li>The victim is carried over one shoulder. </li></ul><ul><li>The rescuer's arm, on the side
that the victim is being carried, is wrapped across the victim's legs and grasps the victim's opposite
arm. </li></ul>Fire Fighters Carry This technique is for carrying a victim longer distances. It is very
difficult to get the person up to this position from the ground. Getting the victim into position
requires a very strong rescuer or an assistant
9. <ul><ul><li>Start with the victim on the ground. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Both rescuers stand
on either side of the victim's chest. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The rescuer's hand nearest the feet
grabs the victim's wrist on their side of the victim. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The rescuer's other
hand grasps the clothing of the shoulder nearest them. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Pulling and
lifting the victim's arms, the rescuers bring the victim into a sitting position.
</li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The conscious victim will then stand with rescuer assistance.
</li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The rescuers place their hands around the victim's waist.
</li></ul></ul><ul><li>For the unconscious victim , the rescuers will grasp the belt or waistband of
the victim's clothing. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>The rescuers will then squat down.
</li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Place the victim's arms over their shoulders so that they end up facing
the same direction as the victim. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Then, using their legs, they stand with

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the victim. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The rescuers then move out, dragging the victim's legs
behind. </li></ul></ul>For the conscious victim , this carry allows the victim to swing their leg using
the rescuers as a pair of crutches. For the unconscious victim , it is a quick and easy way to move
a victim out of immediate danger. Human Crutch/Two Persons Drag
10. Two Person Carry (by arms & legs) <ul><li>Rescuer 1 squats at the victims head and grasps
the victim from behind at the midsection. </li></ul><ul><li>Rescuer 2 squats between the victims
knees, grasping the outside of the knees. </li></ul><ul><li>Both rescuers rise to a standing
position. </li></ul>
11. <ul><li>Pick the victim up and place them or have them sit in a chair. </li></ul><ul><li>The
rescuer at the head grasps the chair from the sides of the back, palms in. </li></ul><ul><li>The
rescuer at the head then tilts the chair back onto its rear legs. </li></ul><ul><li>For short distances
or stairwells, the second rescuer should face in and grasp the chair legs. </li></ul><ul><li>For
longer distances, the second rescuer should separate the victim's legs, back into the chair and, on
the command of the rescuer at the head, both rescuers stand using their legs. </li></ul>Chairs
Carry This is a good method for carrying victims up and down stairs or through narrow or uneven
areas.
12. <ul><li>Grasp the victim by both ankles or pant cuffs. </li></ul><ul><li>Pull with your legs, not
your back. </li></ul><ul><li>Keep your back as straight as possible. </li></ul><ul><li>Try to keep
the pull as straight and in-line as possible. </li></ul><ul><li>Keep aware that the head is
unsupported and may bounce over bumps and surface imperfections. </li></ul>The ankle pull is
the fastest method for moving a victim a short distance over a smooth surface. This is not a
preferred method of patient movement. Ankle Pull
13. <ul><li>Grasp the victim by the clothing under the shoulders. </li></ul><ul><li>Keep your arms
on both sides of the head. </li></ul><ul><li>Support the head. </li></ul><ul><li>Try to keep the
pull as straight and in-line as possible. </li></ul>The shoulder pull is preferred to the ankle pull. It
supports the head of the victim. The negative is that it requires the rescuer to bend over at the
waist while pulling. Shoulder Pull
14. <ul><li>Place the victim on the blanket by using the &quot;logroll&quot; or the three-person lift.
</li></ul><ul><li>The victim is placed with the head approx. 2 ft. from one corner of the blanket.
</li></ul><ul><li>Wrap the blanket corners around the victim. </li></ul><ul><li>Keep your back as
straight as possible. </li></ul><ul><li>Use your legs, not your back. </li></ul><ul><li>Try to keep
the pull as straight and in-line as possible. </li></ul>Blanket Drag This is the preferred method for
dragging a victim from confined area
15. <ul><li>Pick up the victim by having both rescuers squat down on either side of the victim.
</li></ul><ul><li>Reach under the victim's shoulders and under their knees.
</li></ul><ul><li>Grasp the other rescuer's wrists. </li></ul><ul><li>From the squat, with good
lifting technique, stand. </li></ul><ul><li>Walk in the direction that the victim is facing.
</li></ul>Two Handed Seat This technique is for carrying a victim to the longer distances. This
technique can support an unconscious victim
16. <ul><li>Position the hands as indicted in the graphic. </li></ul><ul><li>Lower the seat and
allow the victim to sit. </li></ul><ul><li>Lower the seat using your legs, not your back.
</li></ul><ul><li>When the victim is in place, stand using your legs, keeping your back straight.
</li></ul>Four Handed Seat This technique is for carrying conscious and alert victims to moderate
distances. The victim must be able to stand unsupported and hold themselves upright during
transport.
17. <ul><li>Reach under the victim and grasp one wrist on the opposite rescuer.
</li></ul><ul><li>The rescuers on the ends will only be able to grasp one wrist on the opposite
rescuer. </li></ul><ul><li>The rescuers with only one wrist grasped will use their free hands to
support the victim's head and feet/legs. </li></ul><ul><li>The rescuers will then squat and lift the
victim on the command of the person nearest the head, remembering to use proper lifting

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techniques. </li></ul>Three or more rescuers get on both sides of the victim. The strongest
member is on the side with the fewest rescuers. Hammock Carry
18. <ul><li>Each person kneels on the knee nearest the victim's feet. </li></ul><ul><li>On the
command of the person at the head, the rescuers lift the victim up and rest the victim on their
knees. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>If the patient is being placed on a low stretcher or litter basket:
</li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>On the command of the person at the head, the patient is placed
down on the litter/stretcher. </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>If the victim is to be placed on a high
gurney/bed or to be carried: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>At this point, the rescuers will rotate the
victim so that the victim is facing the rescuers, resting against the rescuers' chests.
</li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>On the command of the person at the head, all the rescuers will stand.
</li></ul><ul><li>To walk, all rescuers will start out on the same foot, walking in a line abreast.
</li></ul>Three Person Carry This technique is for lifting a patient into a bed or stretcher, or for
transporting to short distances
19. Don't try this if you suspect head or spinal injuries or broken limbs. Use a mattress or rug under
the person if one is available. Removal Downstairs
20. <ul><li>While the first rescuer is grasping the litter poles, the second rescuer pulls the shirt off
the head of rescuer one. </li></ul><ul><li>All buttons should be buttoned up with the possible
exception of the collar and cuffs. </li></ul><ul><li>The rescuers then reverse the procedure and
switch sides. </li></ul>Improvised Stretcher This technique requires two poles/pipes strong enough
to support the victim's weight and at least two shirts.
21. <ul><li>Place the blanket down on the ground. </li></ul><ul><li>Place one pole approx. 1 foot
from the middle of the blanket. </li></ul><ul><li>Fold the short end of the blanket over the first
pole. </li></ul><ul><li>Place the second pole approx. 18 inches or 2 feet from the first (this
distance may vary with victim or blanket size). </li></ul><ul><li>Fold both halves of the blanket
over the second pole. </li></ul>Blanket Stretcher This technique requires two poles and a blanket.
22. <ul><li>Pass the remainder of the rope through the bights outside of the clove hitches. Dress
the clove hitches down toward the closed end of the bight to secure the litter and tie off the ends of
the rope with clove hitches. </li></ul><ul><li>Line the litter with padding such as clothing, sleeping
bags, empty boxes. </li></ul><ul><li>Make the rope litter more stable by making it about 6 inches
wider. After placing the clove hitches over the bights, slide them in (away from the closed end)
about 15 centimeters. Take two 3- to 4-meter poles, 8 centimeters in diameter at the butt ends, and
slide each pole down through the bights on each side. Dress down the clove hitches against the
poles. Take two 1-meter poles, and tie them off across the head and foot of the litter with the
remaining tails of the climbing rope. </li></ul><ul><li>Make 24 bights about 45 to 61 centimeters
long, starting in the middle of the rope so that two people can work on the litter at one time.
</li></ul><ul><li>With the remainder of the rope, make a clove hitch over each bight. Each clove
hitch should be about 15 centimeters from the closed end of the bight when the litter is complete.
</li></ul>Rope Stretcher
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