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https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd799232(v=ws.10).aspx
Note
This content applies to Windows 7. For Windows 8 content, see Windows Deployment with the Windows ADK.
During an attended or unattended installation, you can divide your hard drive (for example, hard disk drive or solid-state drive) into distinct sections called partitions.
In This Topic
Partition Structures
Partition Rules
System Partitions
Microsoft Reserved Partition (MSR)
Windows Partition Requirements
Recovery Tools
Changing the Disk Configurations During Windows Setup
Recommended Disk-Partition Configurations
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Partition Structures
The partition types must match the firmware of the computer. You can install Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 on hard disks that are based on any of the following
types of firmware:
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). Uses the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition structure.
Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Class 1. Uses the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition structure.
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Class 2: Uses the GPT partition structure. Also includes a compatibility support module (CSM) that enables you to use BIOS
functions, including the MBR partition structure. This module may be enabled or disabled in the firmware.
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Class 3: Uses the GPT partition structure.
Partition Rules
The partition structure is different on BIOS-based and UEFI-based computers.
BIOS-Based Computers
When you deploy Windows to a BIOS-based computer, you must format hard drives by using an MBR file system. Disks that use the GUID partition table (GPT) structure are not
supported on BIOS-based computers.
An MBR-based drive must meet the following conditions:
Each disk can have up to four standard partitions. Typically, these standard partitions are designated as primary partitions. You can use primary partitions to store files.
For information about creating additional partitions beyond this limit, see BIOS: To use more than four partitions later in this section.
The computer must boot to the active partition. You can designate only one primary partition as active.
On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 configurations, the active partition is typically a separate partition that is called a system partition.
Each partition can have a maximum of 2 terabytes (TB) of space. Software tools to extend the visible partition space beyond 2 TB are not supported on BIOS because they
can interfere with application compatibility and recovery software solutions.
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The following diagram shows the default Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 partition structure:
The following diagram illustrates an example of a disk partition structure that includes primary, extended, and logical partitions:
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UEFI-Based Computers
When you deploy Windows to an EFI-based or UEFI-based computer, you must format the hard disk drive or other persistent storage device that includes the Windows partition
by using a GUID partition table (GPT) file system. Additional drives might use either the GPT or the master boot record (MBR) file format.
A GPT-based drive might include the following partitions:
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For more information about UEFI disks and hard disk partitions, see The Windows and GPT FAQ.
The computer will boot to the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition (EFI System Partition, or ESP).
System Partitions
You can use system partitions to:
Manage and load other partitions. If there are multiple operating systems, for example, Windows 7 and Windows Vista, the computer displays a list of operating
systems. The user can then select which operating system to use.
Use security tools, such as Windows BitLocker Drive Encryption.
Use recovery tools, such as Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE).
In Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, system partitions do not appear in the list of available drives, although they can appear in tools such as Computer Management.
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If the partition is larger than 1 gigabyte (GB), we recommend that it should have at least 1 GB free.
Note
Aside from the Windows RE tools, we recommend that you place no other files on the system volume, and that you discourage end users from storing files on this
partition, to avoid filling up this space.
Note
To discourage users from accidentally modifying or deleting the partition:
Identify the partition as a utility partition. Utility partitions do not receive a drive letter. To identify the partition as a utility partition, set the unattended setting,
Microsoft-Windows-Setup\DiskConfiguration\Disk\ModifyPartitions\ModifyPartition\TypeID to 0x27 on BIOS-based systems, or
de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac for UEFI-based systems.
Add a label to the partition. This helps users identify the partition when viewing the disk with tools such as Computer Management.
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When BitLocker is installed, the following are additional requirements for the system partition:
When Windows RE tools are installed on a separate partition, the following are additional requirements for the Windows RE partition:
Must have enough free space to create shadow copies of the partition.
If the partition is less than 500 MB, it must have at least 50 MB of free space.
If the partition is 500 MB or larger, it must have at least 320 MB of free space.
If the partition is larger than 1 GB, we recommend that it should have at least 1 GB free.
Must not be used to store user files.
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For information about deploying Windows RE, see Deploy a System Recovery Image.
Additional requirements for Advanced Format Generation One (4-KB-per-sector) drives
The minimum size of the system partition on an Advanced Format Generation One drive is 260 MB.
For more information about MSR partitions, see Windows and GPT FAQ
Have at least 15 gigabytes (GB) of hard drive space, including 700 MB of free space during Windows Setup.
Recovery Tools
To help end users recover from critical system failures, you can include system-recovery tools on your system. In the case of a system failure, you can configure the computer to fail
over to the recovery tools, to help end users repair or reinstall Windows.
The requirements for a recovery partition will vary, depending on the recovery environment you intend to implement.
Note
Consider installing recovery tools in either the system partition or a separate partition, to enable end users to repair or reinstall Windows without deleting the recovery tools.
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Identify the partition as a utility partition. Utility partitions do not receive a drive letter. To identify the partition as a utility partition, set the unattended setting,
Microsoft-Windows-Setup\DiskConfiguration\Disk\ModifyPartitions\ModifyPartition\TypeID to 0x27 on BIOS-based systems, or
de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac for UEFI-based systems.
Add a label to the partition. This helps users identify the partition when viewing the disk with tools such as Computer Management.
Use Windows System Image Manager (Windows SIM) to configure settings. For more information on creating hard disk partitions, see Create BIOS-based Hard-Disk
Partitions by Using Windows SIM and Create UEFI-based Hard-Disk Partitions by Using Windows SIM.
From Windows PE, or another environment, use the Diskpart command to create and modify partitions. For more information on Diskpart, see Apply Images by Using
ImageX.
During an attended installation, click Advanced while the Disk Configuration user-interface page is displayed, and follow the on-screen instructions to set up partitions.
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BIOS-based systems
UEFI-based systems
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See Also
Concepts
Understanding BitLocker Drive Encryption
Deploy a System Recovery Image
Community Additions
2016 Microsoft
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