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1) The document discusses the melt polycondensation of lactic acid to produce polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester.
2) Various catalyst types were investigated for their effects on the molecular weight of the resulting PLA polymer, including SnCl2, SnCl2/BA binary system, SnCl2/TSA binary system, Sb2O3, and Sn(Oct)2.
3) The highest molecular weight PLA was achieved when Sn(Oct)2 was used as the catalyst for the melt polycondensation reaction.
1) The document discusses the melt polycondensation of lactic acid to produce polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester.
2) Various catalyst types were investigated for their effects on the molecular weight of the resulting PLA polymer, including SnCl2, SnCl2/BA binary system, SnCl2/TSA binary system, Sb2O3, and Sn(Oct)2.
3) The highest molecular weight PLA was achieved when Sn(Oct)2 was used as the catalyst for the melt polycondensation reaction.
1) The document discusses the melt polycondensation of lactic acid to produce polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester.
2) Various catalyst types were investigated for their effects on the molecular weight of the resulting PLA polymer, including SnCl2, SnCl2/BA binary system, SnCl2/TSA binary system, Sb2O3, and Sn(Oct)2.
3) The highest molecular weight PLA was achieved when Sn(Oct)2 was used as the catalyst for the melt polycondensation reaction.
Ebru Tektemur1, Emine Bayraktar2, lk Mehmetolu3, Mehmet Saak4
1,2,3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara University 4 Department of Chemistry, Ankara University Address: 06100 Tandogan, Ankara/Turkey Tel (+90312) 203 34 36; Fax: (+90312) 212 15 46. 1 ebrutektemur@eng.ankara.edu.tr; 2 bayrakta@eng.ankara.edu.tr, 3mehmet@eng.ankara.edu.tr 4 sacak@science.ankara.edu.tr Plastics, that are cheaper and lighter than many materials, are being favored for industrial and commercial applications. Plastics are necessary in daily life experience. We are using them in household appliances, cars, packages ex. One of three of plastic raw materials being used by package sector. The main environmental problem of conventional plastics are, degrading in nature for centuries and produced by nonrenewal natural sources like petroleum, coal and natural gas. Today, being recycling and environmentally friendly facilities come into prominence for plastics. In todays world of green chemistry and concern for the environment, PLA has additional drivers that make it unique in the market place. The starting material for the final polymer, lactic acid, can be made by a fermentation process using 100% annually renewable resources. The polymer will also rapidly degrade in the environment and the by-products are of very low toxicity, eventually being converted to carbon dioxide and water [1]. Lactic acid can be obtained from renewable sources like corn, potato, whey, sugar cane through fermentation. Polylactic acid, PLA, is produced via polymerization of lactic acid which is biocompatible and biodegradable polyester. PLA can be produced by both direct condensation of lactic acid and by the ringopening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic lactide dimer. The cost of producing PLA using the ROP method is high due to the complicated purification process of the lactide . Difficulty in driving the dehydration equilibrium to the direction of esterification leads low molecular weight PLA when direct polycondensation method is used. To avoid of the drawbacks, many investigators have suggested alternate synthesis routes such as melt polycondensation and sequential melt/solid polycondensation [2]. In this study the effects of catalyst type on the molecular weight of polylactic acid was investigated which was produced by melt polycondensation method. SnCl 2 (0.4 %wt / OLLA), SnCl2 and TSA (p-toluen sulfonic acid) binary system(1:1 molar ratio), SnCl 2 and BA (boric acid) binary system (1.5:1 molar ratio), Sb2O3 (0.5 %wt / OLLA) and Sn(Oct)2 (0.5 %wt/OLLA) is used as catalyst (Figure 1). BA and TSA are used as catalyst (Lewis acid, SnCl2) activators. In all experiments oligomerization hold on first atm pressure, at 150C, for 2 hours then 150C, at 100 mmHg, for another 2 hour followed by 150C, at 30 mmHg, for 4 hour conditions. Polymerizations are done at 180C, at 10 mmHg, for 5 hours. Final product is first dissolved in chloroform and precipitated in methanol. Then filtered and dried under vacuum.
Figure 1. The effects of catalys type on the molecular weigh of PLA
Molecular weight of the resultant polymer analized with GPC. When SnCl2, SnCl2/BA, SnCl2/TSA and Sb2O3 is used as catalyst, molecular weights are slightly different from each other and approximately 26,000 Da. When Sn(Oct)2 is used as catalyst, the highest molecular weight is achived. References 1. David E. Henton, Patrick Gruber, Jim Lunt, and Jed Randall, Polylactic Acid Technology, P:529, 2005 2. Lee,M., Tan, H., Chandrasekaran, M., Ooi, C., Synthesis and characterisation of PLLA by melt polycondensastion using binary catalyst systems, SIMTech technical reports, Vol. 6, P:40-44, 2005 Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports given to this work by Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK (Project No. 108M330).
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