Gas Turbine Power Plant

A P UR A DO, JJB.
CA SA R ENO, R BO.
F E R R ER, WD.

Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Define gas turbine power plant. (CO1)

Discuss the classifications of gas turbine power plants. (CO1, CO2, CO3)
Identify the advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine power plant. (CO2)
Explain the performance of gas turbine power plant. (CO2, CO3)
Name the components of the gas turbine power plant (CO4,CO5)
Identify the basic function of the components of the gas turbine power plant
(CO4,CO5)
7. Identify gas turbine fuels and materials used in power plants. (CO4)
8. Define basic terminologies involving gas turbine power plant. (CO2)
9. Identify existing gas turbine power plant in the Philippines and in other countries.
(CO6)
10.Compare existing gas turbine power plant in the Philippines and in other countries.
(CO6)

Gas Turbine History

Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle
Patented in 1934
First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by Germans during second world war

Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines

Used for power generation
Manufacturers: General Electric, Pratt &Whitney, SNECMA, Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Siemens
Westinghouse, Alstom

Differences between gasoline and diesel

engines
Differences in explosion process
Gasoline engine
Intake stroke fuel is mixed with air
Compression stroke piston goes up, mixture of fuel and air is compressed
Ignition stroke fuel/air is ignited through the use of a spark plug
Exhaust stroke piston goes up, pushes exhaust through the exhaust valve

Diesel engine
Intake stroke intake valve opens, air in, piston goes down
Compression stroke piston goes up, air compressed (heated in excess of 540C)
Combustion stroke fuel is injected (right time), ignition, piston goes down
Exhaust piston goes up, pushes exhaust through the exhaust valve

Differences between gasoline and diesel

engines

Working Principle
Intake
Slow down incoming air
Remove distortions

Compress
Dynamically compresses air with fuel to higher temperatures

Combust
Heat addition through chemical reaction or by igniting air-fuel blend
Combustion produces mechanical energy

Exhaust
Expel waste

Basic Components
Compressor
Combustor
Turbine/Piston

Compressor
The compressor sucks in air form the atmosphere and compresses it to pressures in the range of
15 to 20 bar. The compressor consists of a number of rows of blades mounted on a shaft. This is
something like a series of fans placed one after the other.

Combustor
This is an annular chamber where the fuel
burns and is similar to the furnace in a
boiler. The air from the compressor is the
Combustion air. Burners arranged
circumferentially on the annular chamber
control the fuel entry to the chamber. The
hot gases in the range of 1400 to 1500 C
leave the chamber with high energy levels.
The chamber and the subsequent sections
are made of special alloys and designs that
can withstand this high temperature.

Turbine
The turbine does the main work of energy
conversion. The turbine portion also
consists of rows of blades fixed to the
shaft. Stationary guide vanes direct the
gases to the next set of blades. The
kinetic energy of the hot gases impacting
on the blades rotates the blades and the
shaft. The blades and vanes are made of
special alloys and designs that can
withstand the very high temperature gas.
The exhaust gases then exit to exhaust
system through the diffuser. The gas
temperature leaving the Turbine is in the
range of 500 to 550 C.

Classification of Turbine
Impulse Turbine
Reaction Turbine

Impulse Turbine

Gas Turbine

Classification of Internal Combustion

Turbine (air intake)
Open Cycle
Closed Cycle

Open Cycle Gas Turbine

Closed Cycle Gas Turbine

Classification of Internal Combustion

Power Plants
Simple Cycle
Combined Cycle

Simple Cycle

Combined Cycle

Advantages
can be started up and run at full capacity around 15 minutes, making them well suited as backup
plants for utility companies that require additional electricity immediately (peak loads)
since they are smaller in construction than coal or nuclear plants, gas power plants can be built faster
and at a lower initial cost
requires much less water than steam power plants

lower emission levels

easily converted into combined cycle power plants, which are much more efficient
uses a wide variety of fuels such as kerosene, paraffin, benzene, natural gas and powdered coal that
are cheaper than gasoline and diesel
running speed of the turbine (40,000 to 100,000 rpm) is considerably large compared with diesel
engine (1000 to 2000 rpm)
maintenance cost is small

Disadvantages
requires an external source to operate the compressor during startup
power needed to drive the compressor (66% of total developed work) reduces the net outputs,
consuming more fuel to do the same amount of work
operating temperature in gas turbines is higher than in other power plant systems and can
shorten the lifespan of some of the system components, thus requiring special metals and alloys
for different components
tend to use more fuel when they are idling

prefers a constant rather than a fluctuating load

Applications
Aircrafts
Automobiles
Train

Ships
Power Plants

CO2 Emission Comparison

Theoretical Efficiency of Power Plants

Source
Coal
Gas
Combined Cycle Gas
Diesel
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Wind
Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Thermal
Biomass

Notional Efficiency (%)

39% - 47%
up to 39%
up to 58%
35% - 42%
33% - 36%
90% - 95%
up to 15%
up to 35%
up to 15%
up to 21%
30% - 40%

Gas Turbine Power Plant in the

Philippines
The $500 million San Lorenzo CCGT
facility is now generating 500MW
electrical power. It is located in Batangas
City, along the Batangas Bay, around
100km from the Philippine capital
Manila.

Gas Turbine Power Plant Being

Developed in the Philippines
The San Gabriel combined-cycle power
(CCP) plant, under construction in Santa
Rita, Batangas City, Philippines, will have
an installed capacity of 414MW. The
natural gas-fired power project,
estimated to cost $600m, is owned by
First NatGas Power Corporation (FNPC),
a wholly owned subsidiary of First Gen.

Gas Turbine Power Plant in the

Philippines
The Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power
Plant in Limay, Bataan was constructed
under a turnkey Design and Build
Contract
Designed for rapid start capability, this
power plant is excellent for peaking
purposes. The power plant is composed
of two power stations (300 MW Limay A
and 300 MW Limay B).

References
http://www.mpoweruk.com/gas_turbines.htm
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/turbines.html
http://www.ncheurope.com/en/resources/difference-between-gasoline-diesel-engines

http://cset.mnsu.edu/engagethermo/systems_gtpp.html
http://mechanical-engineering-info.blogspot.com/2012/01/gas-turbine-power-plant.html
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/power-plants/72369-compare-the-efficiency-ofdifferent-power-plants/