Jorica Lynn D.

Duronio MLS 2-D

1. Diabetes- is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood
sugar levels over a prolonged period. It is due to either the pancreas not
producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to
the insulin produced.
Type 1- s caused by the immune system destroying the cells in the
pancreas that make insulin. This causes diabetes by leaving the body
without enough insulin to function normally. It also triggers viral or
bacterial infection, chemical toxins within food and unidentified
component causing autoimmune reaction
Type 2- is usually multifactorial - more than one diabetes cause is
involved. Often, the most overwhelming factor is a family history of
type 2 diabetes. It also includes obesity, living a sedentary lifestyle,
increasing age and bad diet
Other causes involves Pancreatitis, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Cushings
syndrome, Glucagonoma and steroid diabetes.
2.

Pneumonia- is an infection in one or both lung. It can be caused by fungi,

bacteria, or viruses. Pneumonia causes inflammation in your lungs air sacs,
or alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.
Pneumonia is due to infections caused primarily by bacteria or viruses and
less commonly by fungi and parasites.

3. Tuberculosis - is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects

your lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person
to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.
It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the bacteria that spread from
person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air.
4. Dengue- the most common mosquito-borne viral disease of humans those in
recent years has become a major international public health concern. Dengue
is spread by infected mosquitoes, usually the Aedes aegypti and albopictus
varieties thrive in and near human lodgings.
5. Malaria- is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that
are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female mosquitoes.
The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female
Anopheles mosquitoes, called "malaria vectors.
6. Syphilis- is a highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity,
including oral and anal sex. Occasionally, the disease can be passed to
another person through prolonged kissing or close bodily contact. Although
this disease is spread from sores, the vast majority of those sores go
unrecognized. The infected person is often unaware of the disease and
unknowingly passes it on to his or her sexual partner. It is caused by the
bacteria Treponema pallidum.

7. Gonorrheal Infection- is a contagious disease transmitted most often through

sexual contact with an infected person. It is a purulent infection of the
mucous membrane surfaces caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
8. Chlamydia Infection- is a bacterial infection that can be spread through
sexual contact with an infected person. It is caused by the bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex without a condom and unprotected oral sex are
the main ways a Chlamydia infection can spread.
9. Genital Herpes- is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that any
sexually active person can get. It is a genital infection caused by the herpes
simplex virus.

Two types of herpes simplex virus infections can cause genital herpes:

HSV-1. This is the type that usually causes cold sores or fever blisters around
your mouth, though it can be spread to your genital area during oral sex.
Recurrences are much less frequent than they are with HSV-2 infection.

HSV-2. This is the type that commonly causes genital herpes. The virus
spreads through sexual contact and skin-to-skin contact. HSV-2 is very
common and highly contagious, whether or not you have an open sore.

10.Hepatitis B- is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute
and chronic disease. It is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused
by the hepatitis B virus. Its spread when people come in contact with the
blood, open sores, or body fluids of someone who has the hepa B virus.
11.AIDS- also known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is referred to as

advanced HIV infection or late-stage HIV. AIDS is a syndrome caused by the HIV virus.4
It is when a persons immune system is too weak to fight off many infections, and
develops when the HIV infection is very advanced. This is the last stage of HIV infection
where the body can no longer defend itself and may develop various diseases, infections
and if left untreated, death. It can be transmitted through sexual contact, through blood or
from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast-feeding.
12.HIV- also known as human immunodeficiency virus. It is a virus that gradually
attacks the immune system, which is our bodys natural defence against
illness. If a person becomes infected with HIV, they will find it harder to fight
off infections and diseases. The virus destroys a type of white blood cell
called a T-helper cell and makes copies of itself inside them. T-helper cells are
also referred to as CD4 cells. It is caused by having sex, sharing of needles,
blood transfusion, pregnancy or breastfeeding.

13.Iron Deficiency Anemia- condition in which the body does not have enough
healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. It is
the most common type of anemia, and it occurs when your body doesnt
have enough of the mineral iron. It is caused by insufficient dietary intake
and absorption of iron, or iron loss from bleeding. Bleeding can be from a
range of sources such as the intestinal, uterine or urinary tract. The most
common cause of iron-deficiency anemia in children in developing countries
is parasitic worms

14.Schistosomiasis- is a parasitic disease of poverty that leads to chronic illhealth. Infection is acquired when people come into contact with fresh water
infested with the larval forms (cercariae) of parasitic blood flukes
(trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma.

15.Malaria- is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that

are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female mosquitoes.
The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female
Anopheles mosquitoes, called "malaria vectors.
16.Filariasis- is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of
the Filarioidea type.[1] These are spread by blood-feeding black flies and
mosquitoes. This disease belongs to the group of diseases called
helminthiasis. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of
an infected mosquito and develop into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels,
causing severe damage and swelling (lymphoedema).
17.Leprosy- is a a contagious disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes,
and nerves, causing discoloration and lumps on the skin and, in severe cases,
disfigurement and deformities. A chronic disease caused by a slow
multiplying bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae.

18.Rabies- is vaccine-preventable viral disease that causes acute inflammation

of the brain in humans and other warm-blooded animals. It is caused by
lyssaviruses including: rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. Rabies is
spread when an infected animal scratches or bites another animal or human.
Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes
into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. Globally, dogs are the most
common animal involved.

19.Measles- is one of the leading causes of death among young children even
though a safe and cost-effective vaccine is available. It is also the best known
for the skin rash it causes and an airborne disease which spreads easily
through the coughs and sneezes of those infected. It may also be spread
through contact with saliva or nasal secretions. Caused by the measles virus.

20.Tetanus- is a serious bacterial disease that affects your nervous system,

leading to painful muscle contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck
muscles. Tetanus can interfere with your ability to breathe and, ultimately,
threaten your life. Tetanus is commonly known as "lockjaw." It is caused by an
infection with the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in
soil, dust and manure. The bacteria generally enter through a break in the
skin such as a cut or puncture wound by a contaminated object. They
produce toxins that interfere with muscle contractions, resulting in the typical
symptoms.

21.Diphtheria- is a serious bacterial infection usually affecting the mucous

membranes of your nose and throat. It is an infection caused by the
bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria typically causes a sore
throat, fever, swollen glands and weakness. But the hallmark sign is a sheet
of thick, gray material covering the back of your throat, which can block your
airway, causing you to struggle for breath.

22.Pertussis- is a highly contagious bacterial disease. The coughing can make it

hard to breathe. A deep "whooping" sound is often heard when the patient
tries to take a breath. Initially, symptoms are usually similar to those of the
common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough. Pertussis, or
whooping cough, is an upper respiratory infection caused by the Bordetella
pertussis bacteria. It is a serious disease that can affect people of any age
and cause permanent disability in infants, and even death. When an infected
person sneezes or coughs, tiny droplets containing the bacteria move
through the air, and the disease is easily spread from person to person.

23.Poliomyelitis- is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial
or full paralysis and highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects
young children. A disease caused by infection with the poliovirus. The virus
spreads by:

Direct person-to-person contact

Contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth

Contact with infected feces