T Boom \eamdony |) Design of Steel Structures N. SUBRAMANIAN, Computer Design Constants (Grannal OXFORDOXFORD ‘ck a ng Sigh Da ee a une ea et ety x seis See nates seh estip eee aa oe ‘Satta Seduced la hy Chel PS ‘niga monn ety En enter et eet ny Pen store taper pin en en i meee Sd neh seo et a sopetraeeag ee eee eee mea rea heals Tanne oats ‘cau ig gh Ra Re on espe dete Prof. Sepals Pr Cane, Pre J. ne an Pf Oh Peer, rom whan art he iia of tet desj Foreword his ook slo sisting In aden anépactingsngncers to fed entgorencos slat thc sig ems nt th {tur ihe a 25 yall adv counties al ange net to inpove darign code Sone on be cet staat eshneope, ‘cht ii seme weve th etig nd Oesgn races in nda ecrnonsal Ins, my beete htthe Timi sme eer ye ck Onto th mst xing pect oy tnvetvenest wi he prove of acing sestud seelJsg in nd tie bopng ofa decd arto ccovera ae nme of iin ie io Fimatacd ah et enon stents, fai, 2 pofesinals ts hoe sbwt ie pe ad dove se of ste ncn. “iba, tuner eign do more der hg oad comple sacar Stel maf sujet ogo ay col at {Gov Sits ele el deem. Compe vith the competing mate of sonscna, es! med bbings nd eps are ‘React Sear ence Ses crest ton ale ‘tes pling he ove se dsgn code the dears stad he conct Boye, iss Aneta Sd Aoon dg code ess the oid iif fel pods econ rcs Theva aes conpeinam fo -dte sg ntl of ipa ibe egret i let ising the Inn Steal epee Tis book ied by an re ge wo ‘dan arpa in he fing lth ove tet code arses at cl "Toe mote comme fr te Yer open coven, lng TR st ater mny sea, tnd fn odio bok. The ‘esc ets of ebook ce:1 te dcuon cfd dein cides carly edness ones, iin thes fo te vie cn mel odo ‘rer hyelcing {eompechanive eves of mai prope *fdscusin oss ofeday nlteparans nein ay ‘feiss, hry peeing te pti foxpro ie, ‘range of ene ron) sed advanced (tale estonia, laloing met eng fr son ‘Bey aril opto fo flo connection aed i etn, redid of ei ordre nds “Tagecllocion ables popes ofl stoning low ‘esos casted secon sol lel ete ai sighs, «computer popnns othe desig of rams nd Bear sls, 1 tas mnbe of i, wore eng, and exe eee How dah enced emptnc in l Cotton es rng tot oat were nae ving smd te win eertin Gn 20 year's tine), oa evel conpbi othe ens of Sox Kore Bra iuky or eye sng sd te propos of ahg up ‘withthe USo Wom Ears cart we have losin a prow te at Tos tm, Bate quly fie denied GNP imple a increta th contraction svi lhe ses dete ta ae ast bth fe {SGN nd conten in acon, Delete el cneento ‘lol banat thee of ppl owt andevaiony ‘adatistotion Abo ont of te aan cies ve oversowed ce ‘ey 5 poplin ont ina ely ens? Same ya ch ‘rer 10% of he popuion pow nb of ower pone ine. Fesuatiy benno bter beac etn stool cy towed ge funis,Oat fthe 20 lon toes neste ty ad rr at ‘co eet arin sock ne on, ss a wal ee | ‘scot big 10 milion new nes abs, Ae weg dh ces ‘ery encoun sla niger oecamgueces heen ation aula crn! To nl cng a ‘onto wl ove he newer Or nacre nies, ge, Por ‘Sear ios instil wl commerce secre sh sa otancing the tecnologia standard of thousands of Tn Snag fess witna so te eis someone th seo ert nd fspeeace. Dr Stearn ih i wap expec a he ano ne gage ot Dasma ws Stine Srnec Sen ecsyea ara ‘EIU ates nda ot me ed oe ae rbpc us eee crest nang capcom ei eigen so nei ti Argue oats Ca anim e Jee ond oon wring sore i Rngacact Narayanan Forme Hea of Edin an Pblctons ie SetConcon tae, Aso. England wePreface ‘Das nso sensor lg ts ut cig contiguaon her forte gic rrements stl iss dein dete ‘tvs capone einstion oi Seri ree nde Co The ‘ctl dain fst ny ments ath element fhe rt te {ate poperoned and joie ng in sch ay tha thy wl seo isd al sa llc) tnt we ily eto tring eve Iie ithaca defer o alas Sian ergy ahr cae tne at wl ior, K mt le hee sala with acted eosin such a th ete oferta fad an ero, he a ‘chavo suse deigue mtb sand eye ei ‘de cal shrift mail compartment ‘Sibel propre of ttelesed compro the weaned ee Sel eat fhe mj contin mls lover wel Ia uy snags oer ter sonpting arch at gh sah owe Cae ee bye ec san ta ‘hen. i aly obey, Prsely. sevopatesand ses ct odo Stans pyandcnisy hs snag edn, heaton tod eon of scar a Dlg ‘Sheth el pps eg te ce Sl eed tehave «sud owvldge osc se! Bhai, Inuiog he aad ‘eho seh ss eect ear ofc lnc sa tte Comps secure, Une the strlen i han te ee ‘Sram adden te elie Bec stl oe ‘gn ters np tye sc of be gn enh wile llowag icra ml ey analy ania renga yen lege a "Tet ol on he he an Sard code of atte fr pe conan fig el ea ce (5 80 307 ewe in Febay Son Thirtird vnn ft cle edo te it ae metoo egh (ie cate voce th cod wr aed onthe working or lore ees ‘tod Anche pan hangs ne cole na cotventon fr mee rinse remem ee si: node be comple with he of comps porams the cae ‘chown the xarrlngte meres anh joan al othe Magee int he si) andy ana minor os petpendiuat the Rane ite cn of Leo) Hace, above cemestion apie in ‘thr book an St eben wl hough tok. “atogh event nemo mb nan Stand code of pris as toned inh txt eters sie alo he lee cre CS 800: 207) us ye Bar ton Stns New Del Fs oormendh Thtrender orate at eon bcos oe ipa ds S875 ant 151899) eno of on (80 eS Handi No.8 111 18 127% [8 4923 and 8H, clean of ste 152021 800, 1 669, ad 275), ot JS 136 a 1 0s welg (S819. Aout Book ‘The bate iting ths book ne) 0 expan oe sent the bhava {vt somens of ste sta povie hea orth codlae, 0 rma ten code poisons wi howe of rcv, Whew ‘entry (nthe pl econ, many ences ae eel design wing (ira ter ones) topo ae exampls wo tt te stat “dst comely, 1 ie infomation om atest develope {luo oi osc roth edngan hat ire ender ye tiem formar dete ‘Contents and Coverage “Te et tex const of 8 cate oof wich 14 copter tt completely ‘over luda cacao fr seus ovate bo, Poe fe ches te men Sigh Ses a for aig anes Me ‘Remind in CD sccmsying he bok Te CD ai lees epee t's concen it of fae acim comprise angen oftaesfipes eagles, Review pestonnecice given aticent exh cle wisp Hodes ani ‘Sevens panne echoes abo oop thant ge afelet heres ‘ict Che pvt csi saa doekpmens sel ming wont edly of se alo pros le formation ote ‘nial paper fee types ef ste. Caper 2 nodes he design ‘Ssdron andthe ole f sal design inthe eee design poe. ‘She cry Sree usta knowlege aot te ats yes of Ue Tea dics the re yer of ses casa preset. Vos Chon snopes expand wh i sonnel wks Many farses he ck determinant elo acing onset, Heyes he low ons it tn eon race re cused (vith eps ‘rnd satu ns perth ne Ini codes Cae 3Petes overleaf mals whisked te fssand mets sma cet eter ave or Gee. Inf aca ay ‘iting yr ot th dxgn acs Hens teresa eds ae ly \Gurol in Chpee 4 The two mehogr wed to coment elements of sel Sroctes uy, oe nd wade comme diced in Chapter Sand ‘Divalmroe rr dveleniceaciondgnancie weaves tela ete in escape "Cap? els wih dag eson members. Psi nll cing tetsu lst ae covered Cay ey wil Be tl rsncing the desig of sly faded campresion enters sl xia members wha cov in Chg 912. “Tein often cole ih te je bo pl ambos omen cud in Cpr. Wie fama pov CaS Tot tsporblea deg ey pet sre cog of tess rete, emo enters, eal tenes, ob comm Te dense i ‘he ds of dst bags eal wah n Chg ‘Chaps Isto have ber de nthe CD a tse cages pain eps “sie te seo tudes caren ad wld fe intrest {> port tne voved neh nd ger sts ht nove png eggs Chae 1 17 deal ih coqon peti tu ae esto ean. Sot pei for monber objeto one ror in Cpr Tt The pecs cued th CD) prove ome eld schac rope os varity of tural el secon, poet of sand recone poten “Togs crf oe ae aps ree mri oe eros ght savscrpinieivereny sod iy spc emer te eo py tation. Any ugptons for nowt ei welcome. ‘Acknomledgements Site New once Ihave sen ar han fers Beane ave ‘odo te ahr of Ginn sue we. hve ee et ened inte peptone ois, rd te et eo I ti ie apogee ny nts Hur en Book Inronenty wot tandem. Tn get oy whey Po Sshpthy of Tage colle of tng PD, enogopen of at Une and Pr spay inks tac easly Moto was deepest erst {nthe nbs ae so arth ro Pie wd Pa Ch Pete, swingin crnany sen Asc en oa My rng thi btw rey ace ka bis of ve te ‘cons nt ee gsi gn, emo "Wheaties penne dein a in he bcomnites, wh repre he ds 189007 2007, ene aan apa fst rR, Naspann (omer of Eduction ant Penton Division of Stet {Consonant UP Kalama ad Dr SR Sash Kot (Ger, Dv Tapa as rst Develnen ed rove, Kata, Dr Aral Jeacanln SER), DeC Sriiasn U4 CR Naya Ran Aehtec and Enger): Dr RN, Res mer Serery General ot Toon Coc lr) ad er mate so cornish erna Iai te dicsson Ido sera wth Po. Sather (Game Dem of Aa Unies Profs T Mad Tel ke tok flowing exons fr permitng 10 reeds me Aner as ofSet Conca ie, CEA. fr ‘Shc rom pps pb Modes Sel Coston wd Enhnecrng Sara, Ameen Sosy fC Eager quae fom Hk bition, ‘Sel Cont Inti, Ast UK fer Hers fom he ook Scar ‘Sebcnen (oF Dowing.P Reon 9. Oven (erect 988, ‘eve Ugur th bok Stace eer Comets GW. ‘Onces td .D. Chel aterworts Hees 189), Canoe ste of Soa fer gue fom he bk Sts Deg nS ‘Seay Skoda Bion oe gree ‘Son tbh Src Se! sign by 1 Bowkes (BBD, Sel. Conerete, nd Compose Desi of Tl ular by BS. Tata and Handbook of ‘Stace! Comet Deng and Det by A. Tao (1958) ato tn eat edn Stier ating pslon seguro the nda coe 8 #00 207, and 5 B73 Ca): 1987. ar [lft Pt, Nap frig the ewe fr hook, Tel oan 1 ve who nd enh preprn oi ook os a rm T nu thew tank eS Seettarantn, Depety Diet ‘Seas Enporing Reach Cente SEC) Mas fer win he chupes ‘nos en Pi GD: DS. Runa Meth oe Dept Dieta ‘Siena Dene RAD), Seer Bopaing Cotes, fo rvewing and Sra etn nie clon age PC Gant gig ough ‘Sate mente nd ef omnes, MAM, Bat fre ps ‘cing uth us nt chen Pt es id Gantry Gis Me ‘har ong poblen in Chap: DS. Ralnan and Ms Redes tet belpstnng Dy Ar yadda Dr Sista ed MS ‘Sta fortes naa Ms, Marg or repos “ys and dng ots in Chap 1 a shag hy wend in my ‘comizon, Ting in ny dty 1 do tke the ip and asia ea en Cin alt ls ook wing poke Lay [Setvidge ie actentoope conan provid y heer tea oxtod Univesty Pes De, Sabramaniana a Acknowledgements Te fllowng exacts ve bon ech fot ad Sf 8 80 2007 and 1 875 Cat 3): 1987 th eran fm te Boe Tag, ‘Sonn, New Bah 1S Cade Neier 1 90:00 Parts of mater repre tn fom Sen 610, 3a 16 Bees 287 a3 Yer 231,21, 23,2629, al 2 Wes 1,15 blr} ands 1478 Pan3): 1987 Town’ our dom Contents ne Fonend 7 Proce vit ‘Acknowledgements Uefa aa 1. Mater, Steuctare, pd Speiestons 1 Maligg$"lon an Sic in inca” Metgy of Sed 13" Alyy lnestin Stel 18| ChenicelComponton of Set 20 "ypeot Suc Seat 27 Mechta Propet f Ses! 22 Reval Stes 40" Sts Corentton 43 Cad Werk sd Sain lansing 43" Seca Sel Prd 44” Col formed Stl Secon 5 Highspfomunc Sel 93 Stine Stel 8. “Advantpes of Semen Since 9 yposor Sel Siete 65 "Alani Alle 72, Fatreton ad Beton 74 ests of Sel Suseues 78, Coopoce Concion 78 Senna 79 esew ution 2 The Ds of Struc Design 2 DesigeCooieraons 82" Stops Inada Contacton 9 Rel and Response ofthe Designer, Status Syaens6@ Sturt! 104" ‘Arsiyis an Design 108. Codes a Spcfeations 106. Desig ‘esos 105 Lim Sina Mtn LSM) 18 Pa Cea Set 128" Smmary 128 Review Quaston 130, 5. Landing an Lond Combinations ma Iaodtion 137 Chaacete Actes (Loud) 132 Dead Lowls 133 pec Loads 138 Tempers ics 19 pct on S rese 152 Beton oul /53"AecdemalLose 59" Other Lea 94 Nata sshnks Fee 83” Decnition of Wind owls ose 13 a9) 209 "PanLoncing231- Load Cabo 230 Exons 238" ‘my 260 Bure 261 Review Qutons26¢ of Atay 269 ‘ni Asiyie270. baking(tion tens 281" rater Psi Anais 308. Secon-Orbx [case Amayees 209 Pra Ost-oPiane Advanced Analysis 379 ‘Soumary 20 Bus 327 Rese Quen 321 oted Camco Py Invoticon 134” Rite ad Reed Comecos 328, Bole Commins {Bo Dehlne offen 32 Daun Stet Orta Black Bls Js Devin Sng of High Sength Fin Grp Bots 254 Pin ‘Connon 160 Sine Comes 32 Moret Resi Cineton, ‘S74 Hem Deam meectons88Bevnané Cola i290 Se git Comesins 995" Paige 395 Examples 35 Smary {31 Bute 437 Reiew Quins 433 Welded Conectne Po Invofacton 437 "Welding Picestes 498. Welding Bletodes 448 [sven o Weng 444 Types ol Prperis ef Wes 437 Types of Jeecth OuucttShinsagenm Darton 45, Weld Symbol? Wels Spactinise seine el Wee 473,Deinof Wee¢7. Single SG)" Morse Rein Comecton0 Conenca Bee--Clum ‘Coonrtans 300" Continuous Beam Ben Coenectons 08 Bea ‘Sten psc 309° Tublr Comet 70. Recent Detlopmets tm CConvecine Design 514” Appcaton of Aibsies 518 Examples $20 ‘Simmary $48" tons 48" Review Qin 351 7 sign of Tso Members st Inmtctin 337 Types of Taka Meer S55, Dei f Stands 35° Stodene Kno $22, Daplconnt of Tens Memers 360 Bavior titowiceMenbu36] MotestFates Fr Afoetng he Seengh {i Tenoon Members 356" ngs Under Teson 372 Othe Sesion 978 ensoenhs DesgnofaTeson Mente 60 Lag ANBesS8Spleze 550 Gunes SEP Tague ete SES Axamples 989" Summary 02 rewite 602 Rese Quen 6 Inindncin Pais 402” Coneal Requests xP Desig 13, Pa ings Cont 616. Pascale Lan! 617 Contes of Pai Amps 018 Thereof Pate Colle 619 Mets of Pate ‘tl eaes62 Ete Al an Sarco Piste Ment oy (21 Spel Censieratons 21 Lael Boeing of Par 638. Coss ‘rump 30 Summary 6" ieee 676 Rew Qin 68 | (Cia Loud) Anas 266 Sarees of Nowy 286 Joint ond 9. Dosen of Compression Menbers Pt Inns £80" Consracnn ete GS, Fosble Fite Mocs 688 Ghssican of Cow Sting Bebacou of Canresion ene. 690 htc Basing of SkenicConprenica Memb (2 Bebvca of Rent ‘Conn Ser 695. essa of Mui Cla Caves 705 Secon wsed for Compresion Members 721 festive Length of Conpresin Mente 776, Fes Toseral cling738 Cols wis NoAcsatSymmtny 4D. Peveanottuckig Fare 70_ Sige Ange emizs 4 Compe ont Comps of Two Cotponet: Back tne s)Csnen sean Cape75t Congesson Member wit Other Notes nd Sop 750, Dapemat 764" Expl 764 Simnary 88" ier B16 Review Quetonr 13 stain 807 ‘Beam Tybee $70 Sion Csesion 811 Lata ‘Sip of Beans 817 Lata Trio Bulag of Sy Seton ‘a Bors Ain Leal Sy 817 ‘Boring of eal Bean 80 ‘avert Beans indenting 3 Dein Senet Lely Seppo pets ening #38 Dosgn Seng f Lateral Unsorted Bans er Shear Semi of Set Dean #95" Asn Dion 85 We ‘etaingand WeCiplingS60 Hsin eae 8 Late Beams 6S Somme ening #7 ai Sci 7, De of (venti 928 Design of Pie Gledere v9 Tacha 929 Pe Cine 20 Gaal Csiersen37 Dison eee ine Cdr 8 rckary Doig Poses 0. Web iu! sneaed Stew 944 Web Subj! wo Contin Bede ond enone” Deiynot Pie Gderusng 880M 866 Reavowr tcpiy ioe) Pate Gide 973 Gir with Openings Sectors HytPitsCnter 976 Weliger inex Compe Fir opoioning oe Secon 77 Pate ies Ws Comal Webs Bool cen 983 Se! Mat Sar Wall (STS) 984 semper $20 Somnary 109" Bers 1010" Review Questo 113 12 Ganty Glders 6 Pa ors Lomtng Cosine 119 Maximum Lot Es TAS en te TS Seton Gy eT Desi at Review Quen 1082 12, DesignofHeamcolamas 10s Mote tncrocen between Beneoluma on Srcre 1058ceria Losting 0% aan tons fr Lol Capt Check 1076 Cate esgnreeles1077 Deyn of Beane 08 see columns Sebi w Ten and Bending 089 ‘Cane Clu Td ovgof Berl Lond aie Pas 1086 Buanpes 1038 omy 1123" Bares 128. Reo Orion 128 14. Design of nda Bilngs losacatt? Inwodueton 129° Seen of Rooting and Wall Masia 140 Secon ot 247 Plane Tewsses 148 Floor Pistes 1171 Bnd Beatngs 1172," Desgn fStabsox Gade 173° Bronpts 1172 Samay 1193" Reve scene In95" are 1196 Suggested Renin, 1198 10 ‘Additonal Topics x CD 15, Corson rotction of Stel Sutures ssicisae Inodocton« Cortsie of Stel Corsi poteston Nethede + ,Aimosphce-Consion Resistant Stole» Coraion Allononce + Simm» Review Quer 16 Mews Design rertaia Intodscton Fe Resa s Design Caries und Fee Mado hae ‘ngnerng DesignProbees «Pe Engine Design Seat sees {aesoa Apron «Cutan of Tenet Rie Se Meso Meshal Popes Ses loved empernes. eestor, Lining Tenpcate + PaiePotstine orSelvrk. Bose, S's FiePeromun Asesret= Exo» Sumy sone ses Questo 17 Pagers een muse lamin air cg Roe Li» Diet Anant Ene Aaa» apenas Suc hoo ene Act Ve Ses Rages Goses es ‘etn Sei Fate hse: Une Gana kee ning rane «fing Sears nestcny 2 one 1 Dag fr Tn tems Inno Tesomitongn Pcie Donat Ment ‘Rion er Cone wre Henge hese 4 Deon of Ti Sd hse Tra ee eset Toe! Bsn. ie Boome ‘e Summary ¢ Brerises «Review Questions ve ‘A Propertiet ofStrctra Sel Sections 4 Load ae to onan Properties Se . ending Moment, Shor Fore, and Deftones Camper Programs EComerson ire Retrnses tice gue: ALAA ACLACS “ADA-ADAG Rakefo _ List. of Symbols | ro ot tn i | 2 eth gm meetin | tat eounery chants in SPSW | iS sama wor of ae ol arte Sea | Soa | Ay. ares of diagonal member tt Siveeternaeecete | actstans tora ue ae |, Secu enn eet | enced ws to | oat TA hana wee oth | oe ernst ten nyt soo in of sting ‘mat wit he ge ‘oomina wea) of ab se se ofa seats ecompamentin fe 1 cane of te tole eo of he tele pedir toe ine of Toe (oc esi) se pat scone eso ‘cma of thot te tea Ingle pee olin of oe (eckar ta) late ie rites ek Shea i) eee secon ei hear ‘Bhogitine orrenaniadtnce ek Shea fu) ‘Wo window ts eletve area af 1 ger on ante aeton of The ahb eben the ete om pak Sen ee we ag B eniottige sts eth coterie 7 teagea ene fn ene bee ton bx tees Fei ot tg be eet tne 2 eit ee ae fafa bance tie en ish t, “etter ee Sheeler sth sect ee he ote Scoot pitta a Recreate soe a ele Sista foes ‘Sonate see St le net ee 6,.Sene en ae wor crete toe ane & act cm Cel erzetl and for eae Gy. coefficient of thermal expeasion: Seca net he , Sant coe cone © cosotntconsieg 8 ee aaa Sree cine in eee Te tee Ft etal date Heche bee regenpiaere sear ance paige amu ing tgs toes eeiiaeae é Some $ Sree te sn eres Penta ¢ eee | Se a eo Dateerte FE ety Serena noeae Sea oy tant Ty tte crate yds etn md E earaget tc eo athauf Set sce sgt en ag FS numa bl peenion Fang rng finer 1 steer oe 1, “Gals of ti Chine cong nt Flere en oie tt a erin Trang ind egies fig eal noma sess ang fo the ‘ti eter, sil ste, ‘rey over aing FGA panel sess ating ‘ies may prendisaSctoos Jr are ape 4 abate ens ening saa being ste nce Ja design toaig compressive sess ‘ar bending sess in eso at ‘eee ond Jr cogs sil onesies fof a scing stse o ‘x pe Ener’ behing stk = Pace? Ig. Sones Jo eae rconpenivltic ‘Sel kg ses fa sega compsive Jf serene soa aids J. epi ess tise seg comepeding ON Geleoranne Jc ar fig sen fe “Cotvlent conte sai fo en fon fei Fees jet 4 ec atta Faw mia es 5 os Forte Fr nk —_ $C pa fp et eta J characteristic value of Fatigue Seto ferme fp caietiteees Feo 4 enn Poca Po tenes ‘ma po Stef fe gare sopse lettin (elon tr fe tm Foshan 1, "olf 1" att s Scce ce Fp arse Sede Fre cri ld sess of J. pat sengh of ey tg ltd 3 ¥ sexe medio fio te, ‘ck of ou G* esign ded ond {fags eng teen coro fhe holes pends othe ea (etiolated oO iy pon cfr rena espnse FR exons wre od AT, alrite val of te vn comb ‘eer Te ow hike 1 ph of tons ey bgt fy ta bgt os he Date 0 fe ito te an A fete bas he ance between fnge ceeds hese I beh te ip i nes bareen sear cet touton ani perpen th pee ‘he ne pet tri Te poet of eto ce i, Sonoita ion pa nto oe J moment of iat Fh, ‘hog Teale ney ah 1h parma ein 1, tmnt ofa ofa pir i= ‘herons oe ce of Oe We oF ef ble mt TP mtn doat th moe fa fete eh Be IE, ceive of Bead sti efecive teat fete for eum opie rl er Fett tort acon forte Fehler n SEC omestion five gio ome Kir appease sowsest ft he sen ii eller denderens eft teen abt te ines iin eve senders tthe ‘ele st th major mit (un, tal maxima effective Mendon it of te cdo a (Ey etlciv senses ato of Whe tn een smug for sear ‘tortion {ea nnd tne conection fst or ‘Soon acoeraon Soe segensioncoeticet; constant ‘node tage pomerexoantorthei net of ivan Fr ebay tren cote Tein igh od verre ie 1 pope fstortien st emcnr ingore te fr poi Fe, sites facing oda he reton dei tos Epos ere no as Fs ion cg mt ter pneer niewsf al wes Senge st oo ence dela ‘Srcnconnghthentme SP ye gto ‘soit en md fom ose ota SSiaucofeckubatto nee ion ce espe eter ds eres go Svat sense Neon et tng agin seo at big ‘tint a pis hinge Yo 38 ace ‘an Ching dss). Teen wen pai of 240 0 et itn) he sp I sive ent ofl eg of et oft angle {Cdlsesbewcen prying ae nt ttc ne |p pip gh of onscon FF ergot ot Senseo er s- rt Pr tongnin de to temperiae: Teg op ng 4, mcs om atc line she feof the ile wl rf bal be ot {adr alle secon 1 Sending ments agit of ‘ane Algo atime xe on 0 ener of my Ie ele ea seg of sl bas Ma sane ee! moment cores ‘pind ar oa beng Ny designer ening eg ‘MG, delgn bending eng of te Selon der ih sear Mg ign bean steogih 8 gor. ‘by ove sling ot nr Mg. design teding seat a rnd by vera being wot or Me sede ete nowent Eretz plate moet capciy be gs pit ig” desi pla resatance of the fangs alr Ng design seeagh der combined {i fre (eal moment ating soe) cM Signe nro Tot cen te eeu ‘aloes seg alone I comin bs oeurving mo ‘ea fat ade etc mare 1, aicmomentapcty ofthese pmo tem te ‘lon th ents nd olen mst inhecolunn stoves ‘Sow the bum acces Mg pla desig seat Uf pte des sen of Mages My. redvced plate moment “Goclyetie conc toata ese eee i, pee ones! on ester hoo eo ne Me exon onder elas moment ‘iol momen, equ in Houulotegh fees ig nao eletonen sat ie hore eect: elo. Fenty st ier Mp ltemen ego adittnnirptlo web 1 tne omet ot he sbjraat com einn ue peo ee ang a fh chs ata 1 ReSosna maetpr Sea Je dein cot ia tsion on ‘Sapeeron 3) SS eat 1, ber re ees 2 bot ae pie ote ta rote esp ie of ste rpm eed teeny umber a (Sees ae tae pid wi anc ofl iba pe! ‘Sheshccan mambo es eys nea ane sin pers eh mb eee es of ‘ing to este i seman shar ps ith isdimeapg soe na one for nes witht ‘taping sane ‘ett emeton 1am foe fk Pas api ail Fors: pit na 2 deg eng of ohn web ‘it the fore anit y bet tare, Pate bing seegth ter ‘Sit comresin Foe sting sgh wet 1p ly compre seg reece ae toe ines ropeahe etd Feng Sees bring ot tae ng ta Fou 4, yore a Pay isi eid Menge sch ange spice 2. ott it an ere wl be ‘ost tea oe a Nyse Pain a ret 2, ‘intent be moment 2, acum ba in toca pcb bowen cms oher Pallet often ich ‘rte oa pesare ecm wind pene Dora. sega pith tons ello fh od tes Hs ‘debate Og 5.21). wid prema weit Z {ping fos ial nporks ‘Sac monet oft er ton = Pr design apnd oat tein ten) Of tart alton) 1, desis and to) iecaemerneeate Dosen of Bel rcs (mente od Sy ec pct eminent ad ton) 8) Sig sttees| ‘ara ods ton) 3, sect eloiy Seen Nor aa 5.5) antl ttns W atasttememeseneenie aces 5” sigs el i of weld {nile web(equosesrat ide) 5, “nal tiiner acing {aye avs of the wey econ of 5 ocnge enh ein eld ‘he beam at spp en rig re-open ange ‘Patera cbr rele aly fc Soccreing of we nel air of Eb “anny paterson ‘svat eee pot Je dae cag fb ee ed od ‘om ees 5 cee lng fein Se 4A, nash int pom aS agg he enson Hage ss bo A comes so ‘won ae pal ing) mene ofceies | FTenprns iC tre sion 4 romin sen ofesnee pl ta ero of wan 9 an sr ft wep AO Steg ‘sponte fede sata Se utinetena alefn 1" rego econ or See i ‘tuo arin tinh Sie ansaghettementca 1, Snort Anima sreistbonen hase aoe see oe Pecan Ty ie ih ot tn ‘5 Stent eee sett tn 2 RimarchSsgon othe alton in en ce vidal being iy ‘fe feign he TS often foto J pen 7, date seni fee ti ef con San peta ae nape sped ctcn hw eror Tosa lee Fintona ntti ft te anima raven dete te an ‘rth cei ever TS oso cepeciy ‘el rep; stot nomber se ‘ato eo sigs Si spec seeraton JE ina tee regi ton ‘eink 7, ante (om) pete 1 slenpemres ome 2 nb pepe ine 2, tweeter £ edn of omen tne in coe ep moe 1 stn rte fe “eke ofc we 1 eet thn owt 4, Bldoos tage ed ‘coc fearing ‘tne te cena Csiotte elt ange heuer of paced fog knocking ‘altteoreeatenss 1 doe fw ltr ion sities 1 in dey mine {eter afc & sea Pe di fe me ated 7 lds deb her Shia ee 72 arn a 1 tere ee er foe a "Fo coment id be eg compo 1s we cing rou son faascon. 74 ete i dere i har cpt ef ud et sca ght weld hear 4 it win spe get pad 1, sgn wind spe tight Tonga sar ee vector esta hr weld W, tonial shea gh of bt Lefer siv ag being capaci of bolt ft ie space 1 pe serene we Sater sar orngtof na Yond shar ene erties nail eg seg oft 1 hi ha cy ‘gov per ten gp con Yq. Bll ar fein the ol dan sheep Toy dae shew sents of eon ‘peta Fe firs xin star i= ppp anes seat pea sts a ten ele 7 rege eee velo Fg i gh OF We pe of ea or design wind speed at eight a stove ound tsa vel Cuctaton shove an Yel 1 “opp las ih ele ei vena ter 1% cgi and st ree protein 1 tifa psu low on te th ae de leone ‘erica aay sited od gifts ft ens to pot my ther 2 en inden 4 ic fom cote of py a 1 yl ste 3 asace fom et of ity ny Je. ace tron poi ofp Ua orien ease of te00D Se Serres ctl i et ‘Bestia Urata Si ore ec Farrier § Serene 5 nme Fn rae tee tte nce pe cane tin pi cine eas Cec rere nae tate ar safc tart pan 3 stp ans Eri eat Fata ner treat Sane a ner ee tt ot foesipiess Caer nt Spa Tee amt ttage td 4 stata ey ania mim set foot, Saad bos Semaine ao ee Sree ent esy se ir be Lettermen ee a ez Se er Eataeraton Stites ete °F ent nln tt br tomar 4 vit eon of he aloe rary te ind vy a ‘soa od J mot anplieton or id empeaon er {Eo anplieton te fr ‘ay fe {Sts deieton of te of ony combed wy son Pe neice ‘eng tesfratanton yeu 2, onde in Sate 5 Stn 2 oe tiow fare on {conan cn Ngo cmon {icenashntenter: ieosotae Se te ts se at noite awe cet st Joa pitty Gtr ba salt arr et 2 fslatcy four rma 1 or ey er it le ‘test cng ep ey Se ais To pcre Ebina pet ‘ay tao Sammie Teo ty tor ie Sng opti aly fctor depend Soot peo dae pret Sa Tata crf Bg, aiming 2 sande sete (non, 2. abt ca aint slender rts 4 stcive heal conductivity of 2. somdinononl lenders elo "4" nodmencmlsondee dont apetie ae 1h to nano wo ademas ‘Thier searbctiog (Pls at sap otic fete forma comet Ie pai reo on tee iy file fon (a te) 1 expntyetucton tr fe mom ‘Suna dpa Pom cme in pce al cotton at sins & sete cine roton oe Sot of te eum segneatconang Pi bine wp spe o round 1p paneer tno sida 1h ey oe 1, ey cto eatin I tne ey of tion ata apmbots e 4 Sien-Boo constant ei oar sen the det at thane eon te 1 lich becing ese Stet aan acer 5g share ge for ly Sate sigs ate shear enh Sek rte dul etagny Ap shear ses ange sea of et 5 oeoccs nd gh Ait fre sere ening mores mae fate Sts nwo toa; sae hos it ahr se 5 show vets | Teton te fr goat etn Wy aoe meet the of ty poe eg a 1 cs rat feueney se Enenhatey ede ceota the Sey and nz ates of the section react Porsmmetalsetions Py denies te ioe pepe ait ‘whist dees the ms eacuarrer 1 Materials, Structures, and Specifications Introduction ‘ety sexe hia Sig Tie ince ast ny esd in ston, ier, md and loss xr, go ar! Re) cot ‘cst. Th fwed bk making esl, la, nd cl wa Fron thse begins oder suas mantra nue Soroped “Toy thon dotnet al ea ney ey cone ee snd tele osreb ov mal tere eatin nt teh an calcein sstbieycnotver mie oly an sp ang Te ng pston of amon the my sudo Sune nto hw ing prope acon bs npr eos wee tity along on ror anos af be ome inte in snd peste), fan ple tier ast sel (raed an aed ‘tng Allbmonoed ses ear alnaps ina pee seston {i cs eect a prs bldg pe mayne we ot ‘woul lng my beeen eng ‘ony, ences feo se ae. Ths Seg nk het ant Posie temas wd gg a ose at hh vl ea cer itd oyaromecs ‘We witnow by dices he wea asap of he orbs mails ‘ich re employed extcaey Masonry is mt wed fr ing wal ed waking ingle oe tana a abl i iid sexta ple fem be ‘oe fr buns of tots hg ef apo 0 ery (Uoraay he ‘Sow pro! nna oc hv lm oly tht poe ‘thn ow og Hee bln i beng mec ult calyup to ace mers) fehtred ond rostosedconereteReinicl ote faed rsh wall erarton If opey ss, atc an xe wh tue Wey able2 Dash Se eres Sine enforcer can est ay reid tape itis ni icy oftanseto ding to fal bugs fs al TO SEiiiing, Potneed emer wd or oor constion of ae ‘sete nin bigs. dg, and oer flo, ough oot ‘5 ct in Open of coaton, excep ya all mer of ig ‘pono uly conte ntononied uta emi one, Moreret ‘Snr is ou cd oper ith water for be ation reste yh od. ‘Ao he stl from cpa he il ro) aval pesca poorest do nt posse dyad (Eich Socc comet carbone adatom eed bp, ined ‘Saeed sl cata co st gv uch importa to dvs or (tig Thos cts ee fe eterno evel cone FCF SIE ony on reset hota nde sco cares ‘ce pressed core ued major const an wed by major Seine companion te gaity of promsened oer nda 9 Be ‘ied vandc ‘Stuclral sel Iona stengh, pos oferecionpefio, “enonubity Sere et wed dein es i E, essere none samc es Se howe eis ie {coe ptesin ix ses!Dulding cng avg waar made re Pimony other atl ab8 cn cnet dso vie ‘Saline wa in contin wih conte in compo coiatons dn Scala dss al cnsctine Ie many ens te Bison of la mnt ane nth wera nde mere ae he nope 1 ‘Bede md aenble Tolerances peti sel inion a eects re Start tne fr rnted exerts ences, Moroes, wea, ‘Ehting organ on ri ball te, eae proper ent, Due Tne etna sree eof and by waned persons mn smabld ‘fa praps ae eligi seri ater gy. Stet tes mc beter Crave and ei eens tn cnc nd enbles igh consucons ‘Naik sony wnt onrt sul en Be eel ele. ‘Wood Woo ips tal, aan wart at tea comet ack Du fo {iby wend bes nn boon ed fo Sous (op ie or) al ised ‘tc wate cos sch whe USA, te UX, Geany, Fes, ad Siguwhae de sclicte However he deveopect af wodennpostes— ‘Mic soe combi wih jon nds ns ached een. ‘Gucthminued wood has boon sed ine numberof agepan sacs Prin wom composes ets Iacana Dae adie rh Michigan University sata hte USA, nde Oe Jat Doo in Jp. A hese (timer taf amet ine ange o 16010, Sie wooden ott ‘td nt erate ny avonment es hugh te tab aed goed nnd woe may oui fleas. Hoeven al pe of wend ante ed fr cotcson day wool Sn sort ep nn, wo i ‘socal fr dc nt wows. (Nowadys eve ds and winfows ae made Stausita tel econ or as) So of the pial pope f erat dco and wood are nye in Tbe Stara els popes sin anges ‘rtm od (ea Secon 119, “le 1.1 Ps roptis of ae stacura mals Mila Gace — Wo 7soG0) TYSONS qu ae satay Bato) 3K aI8 vaio) 3h) aeaaaetiy atte, zat soto) ‘Sai aga aT ‘Dem win Reape ose atic ils heme and tose prope feral std wich eon n te slo he mat foro rl ttn, Ueto dacs evar peso sel, he walle het colo osha pen oltre acne bul ng sets, “Lt Historical Development tt hs esnnown sic 3000 CF tls sed ing 30-40 Cin ‘China ten Bop: The skp ie wiht eon i Part temple ne more en 309 yu lt. They donate at his owow war vse oie the ier oss clang, hich wat ‘kp in AD 1350 (Ope 1998). "Teter of on fo astral pure ae in aoe the ater tothe cco cenuy. Te fat jr apn fet Koo vas he Semen Conta Ach Bide by Diy in Engl, conte ix fh ve tere ever, Te i fet on (hich weak on ima emtton sil wa contr peso 10, ‘hel icc of ts ein cn cst ron was wally tbo fom ts ‘tying ce edb ches I 40, Abra Day Fa ‘Sy rcometng entice whch eo he rom aking proces. ZTLeESeeigmmee spacer a hs cob of Heston wt the ries Signe rodste ofr la, whch beret ifedey ‘feo The tno pie! wa er re nd ible crak wr at, Shes coves weet col ext overcome Wyte nenion of i4 rag of Set ees seven frnenT8 by Hey Cot. Ti eid reel he aon ee dren pov been EN Soa tal hire ng on cast eo, Cat 88 see ea wag ie nt Dang 29 WOW aa te heen taupe eros enc ence nepal tal), Rete Shen Fane the tt ear ole foe wie rw ne nh als st miedo 74, a oo valine its al ‘ teny seme of Engin seid na pred he roses omking el See aa Sone ond Marin vente ope procs and is Stacey fre poduion of acta esl el he ton Tet 02st we he Te mur sac 1 we ew Sel SES wen rower and faker Ray Beige ae Fro For. & cee eth popes of at ron aug ond el previ in igen Sati Sat hae ramus tring, Bethe re foo Nato ret Nd ty go sored Sa saat we ‘Sgdtan tana, ow 001s ‘Seogniasio-wo a sae ee Matric nd ects § ot Pegs Siew Fann Toate mere an an ny. icy Ria a Beet hence Mae entry ie Feuer tet ia eaouopes (ee cr) ‘tt bat rt ‘itr na dee ‘Comps sch Dron Log visting ea Fess by 10, Dark Wyo Chi nd Tas node the "as Ining in he Beste ove anopar ev fnace Ung lining made ognseor ian, {fvurpesblto roman gosphor fom teal vale tig hosphoee iewove Riveting wero rating thd tsar 198 wen wo tnpeneid by welng, Bess sl podactna a Bn en 1974 wo {Bean ape on ne ee i 90 The sc xjen eel making BOS) recs ng the CD comes wet Even Aust in 199 In he a {fie ices cesta cnt tent cen newer oop ed ‘Sterand won pes of sel Toy wehee sero aries oes mae tithing clement ich ar cxrbon, argue zon, chron ka 0d Toyoda (re Seton and 7) Te cee ae fre sd ake ‘perilselspch ori tes Pare insson ont itary of te cn ‘Brean Poe 18 Deny nd Willams 19, so Bachan 1972 1.2 Processes Used for ron and Stee faking nhs sci ely cue in ila pees oma kon ed 1.21 on taking hetero fs hat oe cal ein be manag pees| 6 Den et Sct mcs, noite manent. ko pedson bacctnoue oso and soit of chon eng on oe oun es ead Jronihnoweblc eer cntn npr xh seo ge, "phosphors, sen, a uy faa ls ence wing ake an ered Timer "Teteiingmail clean coeins cao spa an pops “Tepes oe mang hoot changin pst 000 ye Hower ‘hol elngue ealoyd wel a tesa of poson have changed ‘nse. Nowe lt fences opera cottcay ora fee es podioing op #000 oes alten on ey 2 ho 12.2 Steal tating / “Tee sn procmes xt ere ration of se. The et of hae th ‘perth rose ice Ks low wl wecteniea, tn eee epic lt yt totems ating (DOS) ocr mn hac mtd. (te etic we free I wed manly tae spec ster uc ies ea) Ses prothtn sels teh pers as ing hee, ‘ups; apa eves wd ing when ncsary mga domi, eke roam : epost pars “ode atte snd in negated se pls ig he OS ree sown in Pi io or hms, arp se (yp 30%), pall cake (rode ot coating con) nd na ck a verte ad ote ad he ‘jr sow mis, The ain sl veld nh macro oe file, ‘1.1 Basi oxen tet pang BOS) process Ranga et a 187) Helin Rew mats ae hain free whete a uped tt te ninco 1G! The nn tl wo sled ad se ‘Sept. Anat iow be hers one stel Te excee ‘bona ehr utd ings Ded 5 ng (hs gi bended ih cle re lt fos comet ich aed is ih evfrmanoe Conc. fring Men ho the lat farce ken 1 te sel wing shop ‘beret impressed na aie eygen rae (LD ener) am ope ents fac ig 12} The wera he LD tuner rat ‘hw (rhe es ned in Ati 195 dE ope 0 ovine nd Dani ees he rane LD ose) ‘12 Openers Poo 1 te cance it ta ai ge it np oe Fo xo Insane diy omit om sone ae seme tow a oem ‘onda myeatc re) 2 OSC ach pti stn ed eo re nan Soa rvs pn ye meee nore otis tops ln bv, comin tb) 3. Redympmer tenement eae tacos emtapaen ch reatonsrnmnsns Sipser, ins Atie sea oe ae Siew now of here some ig sn The ‘Stet hen cmpoon wey mone on es STGinee nema aor tact mono yt se nt iene Bs oe och ese‘Sat ff IIo te me tht he spl of any sade ely Condo dh tpn of ga ls nse epesily when he Sta east ina nga Thee gu pk ya elec he ast 5, The camer is the Sed the ache postion hs ac press ‘yey rots 50 SDmanect es, pendingon ted ce, fone ea eg compared «matin of Wo he eons hs ikon ado sumin n onl dled xvi ct Stel which har the igh dee of decd ening ‘ethan 3p pe nilion po fey) ne led oS els Inert ees of deren (ot 20-150 pm of oye). Sel coithing lowest ee of exon cle nme att ite testy cain seated oer ouput ste Sach tel sms fore ole fact Sct el elon tof reed ng eer “lester senile pening ep hened ond ener Dut comtinoos casing oly ill se! re. Ganlly sual sea ants carton (nthe ng of 010-0253) mange (040.129, (025-005), sn phosphors (0125-00) depending end ema ‘pscifetins Theor sl either) ion ef erally ce astng Ts gid tet utenot oft ton a contincs on ek ‘Wen sully cold et no stn prot who ile, ooms sd lb This tae etn ase (ao hows a ons ated ese: om eo td (al neh pl) ‘wher tei sled ing ceed not ing at 5-40 toa Gc ofits involving ies egy tnd wate incon Hot rong The senha bil, loa ol lb, we eat 200° ake mel mali te led no shed pods, ‘ech pkey sca ssn, an tg, Te pear he eto a sis th sete thwerk resin. whch pods ayn pees Masetan The vation i entng aes rte ion knee ede eu sors whiny be ele th bequeath po oe se ‘Seaton 19). Fut proce ose con lec eing pg reve ‘des an mil ele foe rae fh set amd coon “Thesshonate dam hori aro staf mangos sts sto om he foe rae own 13. igo eae opr fh sete pecs, sd frm itn Naso Sree om Ssfcaons 9 manutctring0 og fie rite Mt! ens Mise plants i ni seks sm, es 20 feo allo SP Men aee abe wed abe sap by up 0 0, Te main wpe 8 ‘Raaring process an clef ae a ton. Meng Sp or page ito fe, al eo sys ae ea in ance cae in ra corti pe tog ve es rep lst eran btwn he sheer ad serap se The hea 0 proce! Sig espa Anan mao eles tee ofindcion ‘macnn vay al dar bing plas etrng Teron tl foe he le we forace ke a als fr Pern ho tlugy of st mon oF exo, pws cnt a nila hie, Manutice of inn et 00 ti ion of istl G47) an ani (1-389 ‘Casting Te iui! cnt ses fae product neh ails Boows alah, Hot relng Te esac lh, ons al abate ete a 200% 0 Mang ing he tiara ith roc with ine otal oho Since oes we sp etl end of my aa vking nd rocking opto etnies a alee om et ane Nobel Not Aen ase mesa eet pried nt sees aks he woe Tage yee tec). otroting process “Tere we drt oling ils fr feet yoda, Rating its fr on Tee lasts angle astute otscon te pt of ste mg rr potent omar bows Fnrttoing ris eco Feros gy rats Suing sree Fa dar pn si oes orl soe hes reese y end alla, lig in CR mil fo eng Cann een ie ing tot pines ot “chsh te cei composion of to cass pote mecha ti eter pepe ae song ate ye olin re op tenperre sas t ab te es went=t F “Tec ge i xl eta wos tin swale oh oy tite san scones nae "Fob commonofing pace ives sesing he ened eid pros tees rr moval ovlv a hese ee nopposte Sess Each 0%, $95 G35? a tg @ a. lewd orshapng ant Has bic hr ay be wp 1 5, ec the las he nota ih by 2 mh si fr 9f aon sed prod, haem nly penal reine ee Tt slag fans. Te bes cenog cat of oom a yaya if ence ene Uvgh one rela Lstlwseh opto aw cess eta ped re onhes angen cies mics Toe ling pe a eta, cong sd Snes wet eed ap ‘ang te pie mae ig nl an Sl Tt, hep ection fae ecm 129 to! he onempon was 00 4.8 Won and Stain tne “hoe we asa! evens fe ws fm Soda ding th i aa freezer ne eh pillar ner Kab Ma Tat Si era an nal epost Kec WA 8 Kena st asa 97, ness Nor Tala set pte fined ey canna (iia ont rey caesar spat er ion es teense faye Fa al ncn iy) Doig ato Nn, es Pone hr fini more te ties a set ints Ah, Rota, end Depp Kamat Si of ma lenny cali ie adsl el plant, Ae a pe nde pros 13 ian on of ste pry, aa eg Der aan Roch te proton of Ba cs 370 ms 213 onto in 195,96 a a oni often ttl las Ge Fi 1.6) ad bo The et c(i sel plese hn cn at ie fst pod pt wo abe ne te ne al ant) ting trisha event ace ef There ead se Hoh alee Tepe c ean ef seinem cnn. Tse een Cat yay nl ind age 8 oatge 1 Doser Sel cr, 1200-05 the seu pads fe! washout 38 millon ome nit ‘aly onsen th tre AL se ni he enh gest pede of | feel ne mol However th pr exp common fel en ot, ‘out 33 Eppes compred o 220g Cans snd 300-00 gn Aeveaped connie he USA, Gora he Uk, nd apn, ni, rar ol conersons| "he cet cing ete ace fr ony 7% else prod The eoiting £9 Ig ssn a bythe ins roe wih es a igh ergy cst To peda of unt ewes ar So OF ence of werd Suda de othe ow gay of ndgens coking cals 2 ‘opin of ote elie. negated tel pls in cowie 13 ‘ers per tm of rod ss whee las ote developed cone Mri Ses Spot 18 ‘The Naot Mie Deepen Corporon (NMC, Keema Son (re Co. (RIOCL) el Sen Gi (Sa) the mae er poder of oe ste SATLand Tin ket hve the cape on ae ines Pio ean pode by KOE, Sos Gy and Ut ep Inadton rae my Bs fmce gon pode ven ep el pls th 8 SAIL PINE poder spun ison Gabel geen produced "yur S, eat den, od in apa vin of Csi). SA, INE Tat Stel dn Wang (VSL are he gest pry sel ice si ip nin re ey ‘Sepang, 2st 9S nib et Ida pore [483 ean expe 2911 tf sad el Asn Ober 208, the pie fer tonne af mld eal apglen, chanel aod HR sect, eget, were eae, Re 700, and R500 oa, 5 tonne nestor, td 0. fone fhe eras sorte "ngs ether mesa) ae The pay rey eee toric one ne of hd sel n UK 389 Gl ati 1979). Axon ‘eco ol oe ay ly matron ste plo sold bs est Sct do eat ce clove roy he ten em he cation of fonand stl gr iceemint nd onthecetona Beat a peri sz ro rnd he sed rat the el xe. pos ike he UK 14 Metalurgy of Steet They oft oe he sae of is bok However sine a le [vei oft wl ip th tata epee nd he utes ‘rein, crvio and fre pon npr of wh i cranen of ‘enue enpoxon of el eed nh secon. 14.1 Crstatine Structure of tals The so fel hens conf cnt mel ayn poe ‘Sa can sunt yumi of eentely Suge lee whch tcdto mine flyers ol Th tse ncompct wih cay wo ecoos ‘oti ere re me setoes prs, ogh ae rege 1 comply Est xsl Anche ih otal ning frm lcs ys ia ‘ata of wn tnae ait ie on of beurre ‘hal aon The stg tity, an gh of mls edi oe oer fecal oe Seldon cont ofon epee of yer pi in which