Environmental Management

System (ISO 14001)

Lecture hour: 3 hour / week
Course code: EVT 472
By: Ahmad Husaini Mohamed

Chapter 3: ISO
14000 SERIES

ISO 14000 Family Standards

No.

ISO

Title

1.

ISO 14001

Environmental management systems Requirement

with guidance for use

2.

ISO 14004

Environmental management systems

guidelines on principles, systems and
techniques

3.

ISO 1401x

Environmental Auditing and Related Activities

4.

ISO 1402x

Environmental Labelling

5.

ISO 1403x

Environmental Performance

6.

ISO 1404x

Life Cycle Assessment

7.

ISO 1405x

Terms and Definitions

General
support

ISO 1401x - Environmental Auditing and

Related Activities
ISO
14015:2001

Title
Environmental management -- Environmental
assessment of sites and organizations (EASO)

ISO 1402x - Environmental Labelling

ISO

Title

14020:2000

Environmental labels and declarations - General

principles

14021:1999 Environmental labels and declarations - Self(Amd 1:2011) declared environmental claims (Type II
environmental labelling)
14024:1999 Environmental labels and declarations - Type I
environmental labelling - Principles and
procedures
14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III
environmental declarations - Principles and
procedures

ISO 1403x - Environmental Performance

ISO

Title

14031:2013

Environmental management - Environmental

performance evaluation - Guidelines

ISO/TS
14033:2012

Environmental management - Quantitative

environmental information - Guidelines and
examples

ISO 1404x - Life Cycle Assessment

ISO

Title

14040:2006

Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles

and framework

14044:2006

Environmental management
Requirements and guidelines

14045:2012

Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of

product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines

14046:2014

Environmental management - Water footprint -- Principles,

requirements and guidelines

ISO/TR 14047:2012 Environmental management

Requirements and guidelines

Life

Life

cycle

cycle

assessment

assessment

ISO/TS 14048:2002 Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Data

documentation format
ISO/TR 14049:2012 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Illustrative
examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to goal and scope
definition and inventory analysis

ISO 1405x - Terms and Definitions

ISO
14050:2009

Title
Environmental management - Vocabulary

14051:2011

Environmental management - Material flow cost

accounting - General framework

ISO 14001 - Environmental

management systems Requirement
with guidance for use
1st official issue in 1996
Adopted as Malaysian Standard (MS) in 1997 (MS ISO
14001)
worlds most recognized framework for EMS
helps organizations to:-

i. manage better the impact of their activities on the

environment;
ii. demonstrate sound environmental management;
and
iii. identify, manage, monitor and control their
environmental issues in a holistic manner.

ISO 14001 - Environmental management

systems Requirement with guidance
for use
Specifies the elements required and include guidance
information
Generic in nature applicable to all types and sizes of
organisations (private, not-for-profit or governmental)
System approach similar to ISO 9001 (Quality
Management Systems)
Applies to those environmental aspects to which the
organisation can control and over which it can be
expected to have an influence
Applicable for 3rd party certification purposes
Proactive and preventive

ISO 14001 includes the need

for continual improvement of
an organizations systems and
approach to environmental
concerns

EMS Model
Management System Cycle (PDCA)

PDCA Cycle
Planning (PLAN)
Formulate a plan to fulfil Environmental Policy
Implementation (DO)
Develop the capabilities & support
mechanisms necessary to achieve the Policy,
Objectives and Targets
Measurement & Evaluation (CHECK)
Constantly measure, monitor & evaluate the
environmental performance
Review & Improvement (ACT)
Continual improvement in EMS with objective
of improving overall environmental
performance

TRANSITION TO
2015 VERSION

ISO 14001:2015
key improvements in the new version
include:
i.
A greater commitment from
leadership
ii. An increased alignment with
strategic direction
iii. Greater
protection
for
the
environment, with a focus on
proactive initiatives
iv. More effective communication,
driven through a communications
strategy
v. Life-cycle thinking, considering
each stage of a product or
service, from development to endof-life

What benefits will ISO 14001 bring

to business or organization?
ISO 14001 helps:
a) Demonstrate compliance with current and future

statutory and

regulatory requirements

engagement

of

company reputation and the confidence

stakeholders through strategic communication

of

b) Increase

leadership

involvement

and

employees
c) Improve

d) Achieve strategic business aims by

environmental issues into business management
e) Provide a competitive and financial
improved efficiencies and reduced costs
f)

Encourage

suppliers
systems

incorporating

advantage through

better environmental
performance of
by integrating them into the organizations business

Intended Users of ISO 19011

2) audit
programme
managers
1) auditors

4) Organizations
implementing
management systems

3) audit team
leaders

5) organizations needing to
conduct audits of
management systems for
contractual or
regulatory reasons

ISO 1402X: Environmental

Labelling Series
Addresses a range of different
approaches to environmental
labels and declarations
including eco-labels (seals of
approval), self-declared
environmental claims and
quantified environmental
information about products
and services

Types of labelling
Type I
environmental
labelling
The classic ecolabelling schemes,
which award a mark
or a logo based on
the fulfilment of a
set of criteria
14024:1999

Type II
self-declared
environmental
claims
Claims which were
made
by
manufacturers and
businesses
and
could be seen as
being
selfdeclared
14021:1999
(Amd 1:2011)

Type III
environmental
declarations
consisted
of
a
formalized set of
environmental data
describing
the
environmental
aspects of a product
14025:2006

ISO 14024:1999 - Type I

environmental labelling - Principles and
procedures

establishes the certification procedures for awarding the

label

refers to the multi-criteria, life-cycle seals of approval =

eco-labelling

elements in the product environmental criteria and product

function characteristics of the environmental labelling
programme need to be verifiable by the eco-labelling body
using standards suggested in ISO 14024

PRINCIPLES
Environmental labelling programmes should be voluntary
Compliance with environmental and other relevant legislation is
required
The whole product life cycle must be taken into consideration when
setting product environmental criteria

(e.g.: extraction of resources, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal relating to relevant crossmedia environmental indicators)

Product environmental criteria need to be established to

differentiate environmentally preferable products from others in the
product category when these differences are significant

PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA: based on indicators

arising from life-cycle considerations + required to be set at

attainable levels + give consideration to relative environmental

impacts, measurement capability and accuracy

THE PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF THE PROGRAMME requires

that the product environmental criteria and product function
requirements for each product category need to be set for a
predefined period after which there should be a review

(taking into account factors such as new technologies, new products,

new environmental information and market changes)

PROCESS OF FORMAL OPEN PARTICIPATION AMONG

INTERESTED PARTIES be established at the outset for the

purpose of selecting and reviewing product categories, product

environmental criteria and product function characteristics

Need to be able to demonstrate TRANSPARENCY

through all stages of their development and
operation

Provide information to stakeholders for

inspection and comment

Selection of product categories

Selection and development of product environmental criteria
Product function characteristics
Testing and verification methods
Certification and award procedures
Review period
Period of validity
Non-confidential evidence based on which the label has been awarded
Funding sources for programme development
Compliance verifi cation

Type I environmental labelling programmes are

to be free from undue influence and be able to
demonstrate that sources of funding do not
create a conflict of interest.

ISO 14021: Type II - Self-declared

environmental claims

deals with all environmental claims voluntarily made

range from products to services

Claims are made through products

advertisement, internet or in trade reports

states that non-specific claims which broadly imply some

environmental benefit shall not be used (environmentally
friendly, green, natures friend)

packaging,

Objective:
to be the harmonization of the use of selfdeclared environmental claims
BENEFITS

Accurate and verifiable environmental claims that

are not misleading
Increased potential for market forces to stimulate
environmental improvements
Prevention or minimization of unwarranted claims
Facilitation of international trade
Reduction in marketplace confusion

Basic rules for the making of

environmental claims
Use of symbols
claims
for products are
made not just
with the use of text
but also by
the use of
pictures, symbols
or
logos

Evaluation & claim

verification
requirements
claims must
be verified before
they are
made and that this
information
must be available on
request to
any person

Specific
requirements for
selected claims
recognizes
that some claims
are used more
frequently than
others (e.g.
recyclable or
biodegradable) and
provides for specific
requirements in the
use of such claims

PRINCIPLES
Pictures, symbols and logos are routinely used to
convey a message about the environmental
attributes of a product. Such images could be
even more ambiguous than text.
Therefore, the only proper way of dealing with
this matter was to make no distinction between
the use of text and the use of symbols and shall
be unlikely to result in misinterpretation or be
misleading

ISO 14025:2006 Type III

environmental declarations Principles
and procedures
Establishes principles and specifies procedures
for issuing quantified environmental
information about products based on life-cycle
data referred to as environmental declarations

Type III Environmental Declaration

Designed to meet various information needs within the supply chain and
for end products as well as for more general purposes in information
activities and marketing
Subject to major stakeholder review processes and then published in
the public domain
To assist purchasers in green procurement where they need to make
informed comparisons between separate products

PRINCIPLES
Are based on independently verified life-cycle assessment (LCA) data,
life-cycle inventory analysis (LCI) data, converted LCI data to reflect the
life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of a product or information modules
in accordance with the ISO 14040 series of standards and where
relevant, additional environmental information
Are developed using predetermined parameters
Are subject to the administration of a programme operator such as a
company or a group of companies, industrial sector or trade association,
public authorities or agencies or an independent scientific body or other
organization

Environmental labelling programs can be characterized:

Positive labelling programs typically certify that labelled products possess one or
more environmentally preferable attributes

Negative labelling warns consumers about the harmful or hazardous ingredients

contained in the labelled products

Neutral labelling programs simply summarize environmental information about

products that can be interpreted by consumers as part of their purchasing
decisions.

ISO 1403x: Environmental

Performance Evaluation

OBJECTIVE:

An internal management process that provides

information to facilitate management decisions
regarding an organizations environmental
performance

Benefits of an EPE Program

Better understanding of an organizations impacts on
the environment;
Providing a basis for benchmarking management;
Identifying opportunities for improving efficiency of
energy and resource usage;
Determining whether environmental objectives and
targets are being met;
Demonstrating compliance with regulations;
Determining proper allocation of resources;
Increasing the awareness of employees; and
Improving community and customer relations.

Being Green is Trendy . . . . . . . . . . .

What Does Science Say?
Industry is looking for ways
to green their products and
manufacturing processes.

Individuals and Families are

looking to green their
homes and lifestyles.
How can you tell if
something really is green??
What is currently happening
to achieve this goal?
Scientists perform a Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA)

www.scienceinthebox.com

ISO 1404x: Life Cycle

Assessment
What is it???
Energy consumption,
raw materials inputs,
emissions etc. of a
specific product are
analyzed, measured
and quantified over the
products life cycle
from cradle to grave

LCA consists of four main activities:

1. Goal definition (ISO 14040)
The basis and scope of the evaluation are defined
2. Inventory Analysis (ISO 14044)
Create a process tree in which all processes from raw material
extraction through waste water treatment are mapped out and
connected and mass and energy balances are closed

(all emissions and consumptions are accounted for)

3. Impact Assessment (ISO 14044)

Emissions and consumptions are translated into environmental effects.
The are environmental effects are grouped and weighted

4. Improvement Assessment/Interpretation (ISO 14044):

Areas for improvement are identified.

Product Life Cycle

M, E

M, E

Ra w Mat erial
Ac quisit ion
W

M, E

Ma terial
Proc ess ing

M, E

Ma nufac ture
& As sem bly

M, E

Us e &
Serv ice

M, E

Re tirem ent
& Rec overy

T reat ment
Dis pos al

re u s e
rema nufac ture
c lo sed-loop recy cle

o p e n - lo o p
re cy cle

M, E = Material and Energy inputs to process and distribution

W = Waste (gas, liquid, or solid) output from product, process, or distribution

Material flow of product component

Objectives that can be identified for a LCA:

- To support public policies
- To inform public and clients about environmental
performances of our products
- To address a correct USE of the product
- To identify environmental impacts of different steps
of the product life; address the product design for
new or improved products
- To compare two or more different products with the
same functions

LCA Benefits

Analyzes multi-media (air, water, waste, etc.)

Analyzes multi-attributes (all impacts)
Helps identify trade-offs among alternatives
Identifies opportunities for improvement
Supports environmental decision making
Provides the cornerstone of Sustainability
Examines system-wide effects (cradle-to-grave)

Goal and Scope

Wooden Pencil vs. Mechanical Pencil

Goal = Compare 2 writing utensils for classroom use.

Scope: Wooden Pencil (T = Transportation)
Process Flow Diagram
T
T
T
Lumber

Lumber

Forest

Mill
Rubber

Graphite
Packaging

Brass

Manufacture

Retailer

Use

(Landfill)

Sharpening

(Electricity)

End of
Life

Scope: Mechanical Pencil

PE = Polyethylene
PP = Polypropylene
Both materials are plastic polymers (large
molecules) used to make many products.

T
Oil

T
PE / PP

Rubber

Graphite

Spring

T
Manufacture

T
Retailer

Use

T
T
T

Packaging

www.germes-online.com

End of
Life

(Landfill)

T = Transportation

Items To Consider??
Inputs
What is needed to make
the substance!
1. Energy
2. Materials
3. Labor

Outputs
What comes out of the
system!
1. Products (electricity,
materials, goods,
services)
2. Waste
3. Emissions
4. Co-products

Data Collection
Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

Time-sensitive = past 5 years

Geographical = does it match
the location from the goal
Technology = best available
technology for process
Representativeness = reflects
population of interest
Consistency = matches the
procedure
Reproducibility = another
person could find it

Never Forget . . . . . . .
Precision:
The consistent reproducibility
of a measurement
Completeness:
Covers all the areas outlined
in the scope

LCA in Action: Think About It!

Paper Plate vs. China (Plate You Wash & Reuse)

What is the function?

What is the functional
unit?
What materials &
resources are used?
What does it take to
produce both?

What are the impacts

to the environment?
Is there waste?
Does washing the
China produce waste?
What types of data do
you need?
How do you know
which is better?

Data Analysis
Environmental Impact Categories
Global Warming Potential
Gases in the
atmosphere that absorb
and emit radiation
Trap heat from the sun
Water vapor, CO2 , CH4 ,
ozone, NO2

Abiotic Depletion
Consumption of nonliving resources
Human Toxicity Potential
Value that shows harms
to humans from
chemicals
Land Use
How much land is
needed

Environmental Impact Categories

Continued . . . . .

Eutrophication
Increase in chemical
nutrients containing
nitrogen or phosphorus
land or water
overgrowth of plants
killing organisms at
bottom of water
Water Use
Mercury

Acidification
caused by pollution from
fuels & acid rain
low pH
Smog (Winter or Summer)
Energy Use
Solid Waste
Oil
. . . . . . . AND MANY MORE!!

Where Do We Go From Here?

What is the purpose of all this data??
1. Scientists can make recommendations of choices
that are less impactful
2. Scientists can analyze a particular impact and focus
on a solution
3. Industry & Individuals can take a closer look at how
they can make a difference

Thank You