Faculty of

Engineering

Civil Engineering
Department

SAFETY MANUAL
Surveying Laboratories

#
1

Version
1.0

Date
01st July 2015

1st July 2015

Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4
2 Scope................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Responsibility ...................................................................................................................... 4
3.1

Lab Instructor responsibility: ....................................................................................... 4

3.1.1

Duty of Instruction ............................................................................................... 4

3.1.2

Duty of supervision .............................................................................................. 5

3.1.3

Duty of Maintenance ........................................................................................... 5

3.2

Instructions for Students: ............................................................................................ 5

3.3

Commitment to safety................................................................................................. 6

4 Workplace Hazard Assessment for CE labs ......................................................................... 6

4.1

Hazard identification: .................................................................................................. 6

4.2

Risk control .................................................................................................................. 8

4.3

Review ......................................................................................................................... 8

5 General safety rules ............................................................................................................. 8

5.1

Dress Guidelines .......................................................................................................... 9

5.2

Electrical safety............................................................................................................ 9

5.2.1

Electrical hazards.................................................................................................. 9

5.2.2

Preventing electrical hazards ............................................................................. 10

5.2.3

Water-Related Safety Precautions and Procedures ........................................... 10

5.2.4

Safety Precautions and Procedures Related to Electrical Equipment ................ 10

5.3

Computing resources Security/safety ....................................................................... 11

5.3.1

Security............................................................................................................... 11

5.3.2

Safe use & ergonomics ....................................................................................... 11

6 Specific safety rules for Surveying laboratory ................................................................... 12

6.1

Surveying lab hazards ................................................................................................ 12

6.2

List of surveying lab equipment................................................................................. 13

6.3

Care for surveying equipment ................................................................................... 13

7 Safety policy communication ............................................................................................ 15

7.1

Signboards ................................................................................................................. 15

7.2

Safety posters ............................................................................................................ 17

7.3

Labelling Tagging .................................................................................................... 17

8 Emergency Prevention - Preparedness - Response .......................................................... 18

8.1

Approach for emergency management..................................................................... 18

8.1.1

Preparing for emergencies ................................................................................. 19

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8.1.2
8.2

Building Evacuation Procedures ......................................................................... 19

Emergency Equipment and Facilities ......................................................................... 19

8.2.1

Emergency Telephones and Posted Telephone Numbers.................................. 19

8.2.2

Using the Fire Extinguisher................................................................................. 19

9 Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 21
9.1

Commitment to comply with safety rules ................................................................. 21

9.2

Risk Assessment Form ............................................................................................... 22

9.3

Lab safety checklist .................................................................................................... 24

9.4

Accident/incident report form .................................................................................. 28

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EMERGENCY CONTACTS
IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY CALL NORTHERN BORDER UNIVERSITY SECURITY AND
SAFETY DEPARTMENT

Name

Title

Phone/Mail

1
2
3

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Lab safety Manual

1 Introduction
All laboratory procedures cover some elements of danger. Safe working conducts are needed
in experimental work. Good housekeeping, using the right tools for the right jobs, avoiding
hazards, keeping the lab area clean - all contribute to safe operation. Accidents should be
reported as soon as possible to a Faculty member. Emergency service is available 24 hours a
day at the NBU department of Security and safety.

2 Scope
The present Laboratory Safety Manual describes policies, procedures, equipment, personal
protective equipment, and work practices that are capable of protecting students and all
users (including visitors) of CE department laboratories.
This manual is applicable to:
- students,
- teaching assistants,
- visitors,
- any individual entering spaces assigned to above lab.
This manual covers all activities inside/outside the lab:
- field work / in-room experiment
- handling testing equipment/tools
- taking readings during/after lab session
- storing materials, tools and equipment
- performing basic maintenance tasks
- housekeeping

3 Responsibility
It is the responsibility of the faculty teaching the course to ensure that the procedures
described in this document are implemented by the lab instructors.

3.1
3.1.1

Lab Instructor responsibility:

Duty of Instruction

This task includes adequate instruction before laboratory activities (preferably in writing)
that:

Is accurate; is appropriate to the situation, setting, and maturity of the audience; and
addresses reasonably foreseeable dangers.

Identifies and clarifies any specific risk involved, explains proper

procedures/techniques to be used, and presents comments concerning
appropriate/inappropriate conduct in the lab.

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3.1.2

Instruction must follow professional and district guidelines. Teachers who set bad
examples by not following proper laboratory procedures may be sued if injury results
from students following the teachers bad examples.
Duty of supervision

It includes adequate supervision as defined by professional, legal, and district guidelines to

ensure students behave properly in light of any foreseeable dangers. Points to remember:

Misbehaviour of any type must not be tolerated.

Failure to act or improper action is grounds for liability.

The greater the degree of danger, the higher the level of supervision should be.

The younger the age of students or the greater the degree of inclusion of special
population students, the greater the level of supervision should be.

Students must never be left unattended, except in an emergency where the potential
harm is greater than the perceived risk to students. Even then, risk should be
minimized or responsibility transferred to another authorized person if the situation
allows.
3.1.3

Duty of Maintenance

It includes ensuring a safe environment for students and teachers. This requires that the lab
instructor:

Never use defective equipment for any reason.

File written reports for maintenance/correction of hazardous conditions or defective

equipment with responsible administrators.

Establish regular inspection schedules and procedures for checking safety and firstaid equipment.

Follow all safety guidelines concerning proper labelling, storage, and disposal of
chemicals.

By keeping files of all hazard notifications and maintenance inspections, instructor

liability in the event of an accident is minimized in cases where no corrective actions
were subsequently made.

3.2 Instructions for Students:

SUPERVISION Never work in the lab without the supervision of a teacher

ATTENTION Always pay attention to the workdont fool around in the lab
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS Always perform experiments precisely as directed by the
teacher
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Know what to do in the event of an emergency
LABELING Check labels to verify substances before using them. Label Containers
APPAREL Always wear appropriate protective equipment and apparel
BRAINS Use themSafety begins with you

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3.3 Commitment to safety

Prior to the students performing any activities in the laboratory, it is the responsibility of the
lab instructor(s) to :
1) Provide a copy of this document to the students
2) Allow a 15 minutes safety guidance at the beginning of the semester, which
should include a discussion of each of the procedures listed below as well as
any other course-specific safety procedures
3) Ensure that each student signs and dates this statement.
The lab instructor should then collect the signed papers (document below) and keep them for
the duration of the semester.
Students must read this document carefully and thoroughly before attempting any laboratory
activities. The lab instructor(s) will describe each procedure and address any questions that
you may have. The student should print their name, sign and date at the end of this document
to prove that you have received the safety orientation and that you understand the
procedures outlined in the safety orientation given by the instructor, as well the procedures
in this document. The following statement should be signed
Hereby state that I have read and understand the content of this Lab Safety
Procedure statement and that the lab instructor(s) has (have) clarified all the
procedures outlined. I agree to comply with the procedures listed in this
statement.

Department: ____________Civil Engineering________________

Course Number: __________________________________________________
Lab Instructor Name: ______________________________________________
Date: ___________________________________________________________
Student Name (print): ______________________________________________
Signature: ______________________________________________________

4 Workplace Hazard Assessment for CE labs

For civil engineering labs, a three-step activity-based hazard assessment is followed:

4.1 Hazard identification:

1. to understand the nature of the potential hazard to meet in lab activities. For this
purpose, an inventory of the lab work activities form is established. In future, inspection
checklists, filed incident/accident report forms, past records may give a relevant feedback
for the process of hazard identification.

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INVENTORY OF WORK ACTIVITIES

Workplace:
Form
No.

Date:
Process / Location

Work Activities

2. Risk assessment: Risk assessment involves examining and evaluating the likelihood and
severity (or consequence) of the potential risks associated with each of the hazards
identified during previous step in order to rank risks for control step.
ACTIVITY- BASED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM
Workplace:
Conducted by:
Process / Location:

Approved by Project
Supervisor/ PI:

(Name/ Signature / Date)

(Name/ Signature / Date)

1. Hazard Identification
1a.

1b.

1c.

1d.

Last Review Date:

Next Review Date:

2. Risk Evaluation
2a.

3. Risk control

2b. 2c. 2d

3a.

.
Possible
No.

Work
Activity

Hazard

Accident / III
Health &
Persons- at-Risk

Existing Risk
Control

3b 3c. 3d
.

(if any)

Risk
Control

Follow-up
*S *L *R

by
(name) &
date

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3f.

Additional
*S *L *R

3e.

Remarks

*S Severity, *LLikelihood, *RRisk Level, R=LxS

Likelihood : 5 frequent; 4 moderate, 3 occasional, 2 remote, 1 unlikely.
Severity : 1 negligible, 2 marginal, 3 serious, 4 very serious, 5 critical
Risk Level : 1 6 Low, 7 10 medium, 11 15 warning, 16 and above is considered HIGH

4.2 Risk control

This step provides a means by which risks can be systematically evaluated against a set of
control options (the hierarchy of controls). The risk control considers ranked risks from the
highest to the least weighty.
The hierarchy of controls is as follows:
- Eliminate the hazard.
- Substitute with a lesser hazard.
- Use engineering controls to reduce hazard.
- Administrative controls such as workplace procedures.
- Personal Protective Equipment.

4.3 Review
Through review step, risk management is kept current and effective, as new hazards and
those overlooked in the original process are identified and controlled. Monitoring and review
involves the systematic re-implementation of the original safety program steps of hazard
identification, risk assessment and risk control.

5 General safety rules

The department of Security and Safety at Northern Border University is the body whose the
mission is to develop General Safety Procedures in all working spaces inside the campus. Lab
responsible (manager) defines specific safety procedures.
General safety rules include the following:

Food, drink and related utensils shall not be brought into, stored in or
consumed in a laboratory.
Smoking is prohibited during lab sessions.
Shoes that provide full coverage of the feet, and appropriate personal clothing
shall be worn in laboratories.
Appropriate eye protection shall be worn, when using toxic chemicals or
operating mechanical equipment.
Lab users shall be familiar with the locations and operation of safety and
emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, emergency
eyewash stations and emergency showers, emergency power off, emergency
telephones, and emergency exits.
Learn and know what to do in an emergency.
Unauthorized person(s) shall not be allowed in a laboratory.
'Authorized' students or any other individuals have to be under immediate and
direct supervision of a qualified authorized person at all times.

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Laboratory shall remain locked other than office hours.

Never open (remove cover) of any equipment in the laboratories.
Report all problems to the CE lab responsible

5.1 Dress Guidelines

Apparel in the Laboratory should abide the following guidelines:
Always wear appropriate eye protection (i.e., chemical splash goggles) in the
laboratory.
Wear disposable gloves, as provided in the laboratory, when handling hazardous
materials. Remove the gloves before exiting the laboratory.
Wear a full-length, long-sleeved laboratory coat or chemical-resistant apron.
Wear shoes that adequately cover the whole foot; low-heeled shoes with non-slip
soles are preferable. Do not wear sandals, open-toed shoes, open-backed shoes, or
high-heeled shoes in the laboratory.
Avoid wearing shirts exposing the torso, shorts, or short skirts; long pants that
completely cover the legs are preferable.
Secure long hair and loose clothing (especially loose long sleeves, neckties, or scarves).
Remove jewellery (especially dangling jewellery).
Synthetic fingernails are not recommended in the laboratory; they are made of
extremely flammable polymers that can burn to completion and are not easily
extinguished.

5.2 Electrical safety

5.2.1

Electrical hazards

The major hazards associated with electricity are :

- Electric shock: an abrupt physical stimulation when human body is crossed by
electrical current.
- Arc: the light and heat released from an electrical breakdown that is due to electrical
current ionizing gases in the air.
- Blast: an explosive or rapid expansion of air with great pressure and temperature,
which is caused by arcs sometimes.
Factors affecting electrical shock are :
The amount of current is a critical factor in determining the severity of electrical shock.
The voltage is also a factor.
The current pathway and its resistance in the human body
Power (P) = Voltage x Current = V x I 0
The duration of current flow.
What matters the most is the amount of energy transferred
from the electric power source to human body.

Zone 1 up to 0.5 mA no effect at all duration of the

contact. The value of 0.5 mA is considered as
the threshold of perception;
Zone 2 from 0.5 to 30 mA no harmful effects even if
it is perceived, the value of 10 mA is considered as
danger threshold and is defined as release
current,

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5.2.2

Zone 2 from 30 to 200 mA harmful effects are closely related to the duration of contact,
such as with current of 50 mA is a permissible contact period of not more than 0.1 s,
the time of tolerability of the current decreases with increasing of the current;
Zone 3 from 200 to 500 mA, the contact always causes harmful effects whatever
the duration, you can have tetanisation, difficulty breathing, increased blood pressure,
minor burns, light heart disease, especially if the current flows through the heart;
Zone 4 over 500 mA, the contact always causes severe burns and ventricular
fibrillation.

Preventing electrical hazards

Good practice encourages all your personal equipment (e.g. laptops) to be tested and tagged
as well ask your supervisor
Switch off all electrical equipment when not in use.
Do not attempt to do any electrical repairs or investigations - refer your problem to the
appropriate qualified staff.
If equipment is to be left on for a specific reason then a LEAVE ON sign needs to be
displayed, with name and date.
All equipment should undergo regular electrical testing.
Report to the lab instructor any items dysfunction for appropriate action to be
undertaken.

5.2.3

5.2.4

Water-Related Safety Precautions and Procedures

Keep water away from electrical outlets.
Keep water away from all electronic equipment.
If water is boiled for an experiment involving heat, make sure it
is never left unattended. Remember, too, that the hot plate will
stay hot well after it is unplugged or turned off.
Keep water away from electrical outlets.
Keep water away from all electronic equipment.
Safety Precautions and Procedures Related to Electrical Equipment
Never short the terminal on a power supply, battery, or other voltage source unless
instructed to do so.
Be sure to use wire leads and patch cords that have sufficient insulation when
creating electrical circuits.
Avoid using high current (greater than 1 A) in any application for which high current is
not prescribed.
Never test battery voltage and capacity using anything other than a voltage sensor or
voltmeter.

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5.3 Computing resources Security/safety

5.3.1

Security

Computers in the lab are secured using a combination of physical and software-based method
to ensure the safety and security of our students, faculty, staff, and equipment and computer
network.
Restriction of computer
To prevent unauthorized use of computing resources.
access
Physical security :

Equipment is placed in a manner to limit access to physical

ports on the CPU.

Software based security

and
prevention
of
installation of malicious
software

In addition to the standard anti-virus and anti-spyware

clients installed on each computer, all lab computers are
further protected either through group policy, security
software, or a combination of the two to prevent
malicious software from being installed and executed. As
a further security measure, all campus computers require
a unique, authorized login for authentication before
granting network access.

Following conducts regarding copyright laws must be obeyed:

Copying Software Unauthorized copying of licensed software from the lab hard disks
is a violation of copyright laws.
Saving Files Anything saved on the computer hard drive will be deleted. Data files
created in the lab should be saved directly on a storage media.
Changing Hardware and Software Configurations Changing hardware and software
configurations in the computers is prohibited. This includes modifications of the
settings, configurations of printers and modification of system software.
5.3.2

Safe use & ergonomics

To escape aching muscles and tired eyes while working at a desk or a computer, try the
following:
Check your posture
Take short breaks regularly try the exercises on the next page.
Adjust the chair height so that your arms are approximately parallel with the floor
If the front of the chair is causing pressure on the back of your thighs or behind your
knees, readjust the chair.
Adjust the chair backrest to support the lower back while you sit in the typing posture
Locate the computer screen approximately one full arms length away and position it
so that your line of sight to the screen is slightly below horizontal.
Relax those muscles!
As muscles tire from holding the keying posture they need to relax regularly during
the day. 2-3 minute breaks are recommended every 15-20 minutes
A total of 4 hours (not including breaks) of intensive keyboard work is the maximum
time recommended each day.

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6 Specific safety rules for Surveying laboratory

6.1 Surveying lab hazards
Surveying lab includes many fieldwork activities, such as those involving isolated or remote
locations; extreme weather conditions; hazardous terrain; harmful wildlife; or lack of ready
access to emergency services, can expose students to significant risks to their health, safety
or well-being, at locations outside the direct supervisory control of the University.
Traffic-related hazards
Include
Collision risk
Working in areas of poor visibility
Potential collision locations are:
- Intersections and bottleneck areas around driveways and entrances
- blind or convex corners where vehicles work close to other vehicles or pedestrians
Environmental hazards
Include :
Hot environment (e.g. high UV, heat stress, dehydration, sunburn)
Cold environment (e.g. frost bite, hypothermia)
Heavy rainfall, flooding
Bites & stings (e.g. snakes, leeches, spiders, bees)
Unstable, uneven, soft or slippery surfaces/soils
Concealed holes
Dust conditions

Fig. 1 flooding/dusting conditions in Arar city last years

Other hazards
Include :
Exposure to laser beam of total stations
Facing sun with optical components of the some surveying equipment.
Surveying equipment damage hazards
Surveying equipment are made for extreme field conditions. Nevertheless, the mechanical
and electronic components of precision instruments can be damaged.
Careless acts or inattention to procedures for the use, maintenance and adjustment
of instruments
Playing/tampering with lab tools
Bad transporting/handling conditions
Unstable setups in hard/soft surfaces

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6.2 List of surveying lab equipment

The surveying lab equipment and tools are given in Tab. 1:
Tab. 1 list of surveying lab equipment and tools

No
1

Name of Equipment
Total station

Activity
Obtaining
3D
coordinates
directly.
Defining angular measurements

2
3
4
5
6

Digital theodolite
Automatic level
Laser level
Digital level
Telescopic aluminum staff

7
8
9

Digital planimeter
Surveying compass
Baranton compass

10

Telescopic ranging rod

11

Square optical prism

12

Steel measuring tape (50 m)

13

Fiberglass tape (50 m)

14

Fiberglass tape (20 m)

15

Steel measuring tape (30 m)

16

Steel measuring tape (5 m)

17

Digital distance measuring

18

Ground plate for staff

Defining vertical measurements

Supporting
levels
and
theodolite
Finding area of maps
Finding the magnetic north
direction
and
angular
measurements
Defining the stations
Helping
solve
geometric
problems on a terrain and to
carry out plane surveys

Measuring the lengths

Measuring the lengths, areas,

volumes and grades
Supporting the staff

Quantity
2
4
5
2
2
10
15
2
5
25
10

3
10

6.3 Care for surveying equipment

Surveying instruments are made of the mechanical components and electronics of precision
instruments. Basic maintenance operations (checking machined surfaces, faces of the lenses
and mirrors, cleaning, storing, casing) should be undertaken with great care. More specific
maintenance procedures are listed below :

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Total stations

Compasses

Levelling
Instruments

Tripods

Transport and store instruments in positions that are consistent with

their carrying case design. Protect the instruments from excessive
vibrations by carrying them in their shipping cases.
Instruments should be removed from the case with both hands.
Generally, instruments are equipped with a carrying handle; use one
hand to grip the handle and the other to support the base. Use one
hand to continually support the instrument until the tribrach lock is
engaged or the tripod fixing screw is secured.
In most cases, total stations and other instruments should be
removed and recased for transportation to a new point.
The instrument should not be placed on the ground since dust or dirt
can accumulate on the threads and the base plate.
As feasible, protect the instrument from moisture.
Never carry the instrument on the tripod.
Turn the instrument off prior to removing the battery.
Remove the battery from the instrument before the instrument is
placed in its carrying case.
Never use a total station for a solar observation unless an approved
solar filter is used. This will destroy an element in the EDM, plus
damaging the eye of the observer.
Check the prism pole bubble prior to each days use. A quick check
by fixing the rod in a tripod and rotating it 180 degrees will verify the
adjustment.
Check the bulls-eye bubble on the telescoping range pole using the
Hold A Pole.
Prism assemblies and prisms should be transported in suitable
carrying cases.
Do not spin or bounce pendulum levels, as such movement can
damage the Compensator
Check adjustment of the bulls-eye bubble. Make certain it remains
centered when the level is rotated 180 degrees. Proper adjustment
reduces the possibility of compensator hang-up.
To check for compensator hang-up, lightly tap the telescope or
lightly press on a tripod leg. If the instrument has a push-button
release, use it. If the compensator is malfunctioning, send the
instrument for repair.

Maintain firm snugness in all metal fittings, but never tighten them to
the point where they will unduly compress or injure the wood, strip
threads, or twist off bolts or screws.
Tighten leg hinges only enough for each leg to just sustain its own
weight when legs are spread out in their normal working position.
Keep metal tripod shoes tight.
Keep wooden parts of tripods well painted or varnished to reduce

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moisture absorption and swelling or drying out and shrinking.

Replace the top caps on tripods when they are not in use or store the
tripods such that the tops are not damaged.
The most damage occurs to tripods when being placed into or taken
out of survey vehicles. The life and usefulness of tripods can be
significantly extended if compartments are constructed such that the
tripod is not riding on or against other equipment.
Wet tripods should not be stored with the leg extensions clamped.

7 Safety policy communication

Safety instructions, guidelines are communicated through different media:
Posters
Signs
Flyers
Manuals
Lab safety Signs, posters are available in the main entrances and inside of all labs in adequate
locations.

7.1 Signboards
What must have a posted sign?
Exits
Fire Extinguishers
Showers
Eye Washes
Chemical and supply storage areas (including the NFPA diamond)
Gas Lines
Specific depositories (e.g. Biohazardous waste, glass, chemical, garbage)
Distinguish between potable, non-potable, and deionized water sources
Diagram of the classroom that includes the location of items listed above
Emergency plan and phone numbers
Safety signs and signals to be used includes
Prohibiting signs in round shape complying to ISO 7010 standards

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Mandatory signs

Warning signs in triangular shapes including

Emergency escape or first-aid signs (rectangular or square shape)

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Fire-fighting signs

7.2 Safety posters

It is the means by which safety standards are kept currently remembered in adequate
locations and workplaces. They are posted
- Permanently in the lobbies of labs
- During awareness campaign and similar
events (safety training, )

7.3
What must have a label?
ALL chemicals (including soap)
Live organisms and their food/water
First Aid/Biohazard/Chemical Spill Kits
Lab Supplies

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Labelling Tagging

What must be tagged out?

ALL ongoing testing operations
All locked energized machines/tools

What documentation must I have on file?

MSDS sheets for ALL chemicals in the classroom and in main office
Inventory List in the class and in main office
Safety and Lab training manuals
Incident report

8 Emergency Prevention - Preparedness - Response

8.1 Approach for emergency management
This section describes how institution will meet its responsibilities
to prepare for laboratory-related emergencies. The closed-loop
process of emergency management consists of :
- Events driven phases
o Prepare
o Respond
o Recover
- Event independent phase : mitigation/prevention
Emergency safety equipment and materials required in every laboratory, guidelines for

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responding to emergencies, fires and medical emergencies, and steps to ensure that
laboratories users are prepared for emergencies are described below.
8.1.1

Preparing for emergencies

It consists of the operating procedures for responding to spills, fires, and medical
emergencies. Completion of laboratory safety equipment checklists
8.1.2

Building Evacuation Procedures

8.2 Emergency Equipment and Facilities

Emergency equipment and facilities includes :
- Emergency Telephones and Posted Telephone Numbers
- Showers and Eyewash Stations
- Chemical Spill Control Equipment
- Fire Alarm System
- Fire Extinguishers
- Fire Blankets
- First Aid Kit
8.2.1

Emergency Telephones and Posted Telephone Numbers

Every lab should have a clearly marked phone with emergency telephone numbers listed next
to it. If there is no phone in the lab, there must be an alternative written plan for contacting
emergency or other personnel. This alternative plan must be clearly posted in the laboratory.
Specific telephone numbers to be posted are indicated above.
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8.2.2

Station/Office

Telephone

Using the Fire Extinguisher

Portable extinguishers must be present in all laboratories, chemical storage and preparation
areas.
Type
of Effective Against
Extinguisher

Do Not Use On

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Class A fires: burning paper,

wood, coal, rubber, textiles

Electrical, liquid or metal fires

Class B fires: petroleum

hydrocarbons (flammable
solvents, motor oil, grease)

Metal fires (including

lithium aluminium hydride)

Dry Powder or
Dry Chemical

Class C fires: burning liquids,

large quantities of flammable
solvents, electrical fires

Metal fires, fires

involving delicate
instruments

Met-L-X and
other Class D
extinguishers
with special
granular
formations

Class D fires: burning metal (e.g.

lithium, magnesium, potassium,
sodium, alloys of reactive
metals, metal hydrides, metal
alkyls, and other
organometallics)

Halon
Substitute fire
extinguishing
media

Class A, B, and C fires

Water

Carbon Dioxide

paper, trash, liquid,

electrical fires

Class D fires

In the event that a fire extinguisher is used, the following four steps should be taken P A S S:
- Pull the pin out on the extinguisher.
- Aim the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
- Squeeze the nozzle to release extinguishing material.
- Sweep: Use a back and forth sweeping motion.

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9 Appendices
9.1 Commitment to comply with safety rules

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9.2 Risk Assessment Form

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9.3 Lab safety checklist

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27 |28

9.4 Accident/incident report form

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