Experiment204:TORQUE:SECONDCONDIIONOFEQUILIBRIUM

MiguelT.Zacarias
DepartmentofCivil,EnvironmentalandGeologicalEngineering
MapuaInstituteofTechnology

1. Conclusion
In the first part of the experiment which is the determining the weights of the pans, the
model balance was set up in a leveled table top and the axis of rotation was verified in the
middle of the beam. A weight pan with a mass of 24.8 g was hung to both side of the beam
and tried to balance. From then, a 10 grams of mass W1 loaded in the left weight pan and
attempt to make the system in balance by moving the unloaded weight pan in the right side
near to the rotation of the axis. Patience was observed as well as the determination due to
the beam that was sensitive. Do the same thing of the right weight pan with 5 grams of
mass. Load a mass and try to move the unloaded weight closer to the center. Moving the
two-weight pan is necessary especially if the mass load is getting heavy. The distance 10 cm
(L1) or 14 cm (L2) of the weight pan (both side) to the center was measured by a ruler to
compute for the 26.842 P1(computed) and P2(computed). We computed using the data gathered we
got the average weight of the pan 24.914 grams (P1) and 24.88 grams (P2), percent
difference for P1 and P2 are 0.44% and 0.32%.
For the second part of the experiment: Determining the force needed to be in equilibrium.
Same set up was use but the difference spring balance is required. To start with the first a 50
grams of mass load was placed (W1) on the left weight pan of the beam. The force needed
to be in equilibrium was measured by the spring balance and verified that the angle was an
acute angle in the horizontal position. The angle of inclination of the spring balance from
the beam was measured by a protractor and the distance of the weight pan 22.5cm (L1) and
the spring balance 7.5cm (L2) to the center was measured by a ruler. The gathered data
using the spring balance is the F measured which is 305 grams of mass. We got 0.59% for
percent difference for the first trial.
For the third part of the experiment: Determining the weight of the beam. The axis of
rotation was placed on the provided hole. The weight pan hang on the left side of the beam
and a 50 grams of mass load (W 1) added and placed on the weight pan and adjusts its
position until in the state of equilibrium. From then, the distance of the weight pan on the
new axis of rotation 14 cm (L1) and the distance of the former axis of rotation to the new
axis 7.5 cm (L2) was measured by a ruler. The values obtained was used to compute for the
Wb(computed) 139.63 grams of mass and for Wb(measured) 137 grams of mass was done
using a weighing machine to compare the experimental value to the actual value. We got a
very low percent difference with a value of 0.8142%.
By observation the torque is directly proportional to force therefore more force better torque
and to the force linked to each system might have equivalent distance from its axis.
Whenever there is added force applied, it will need less separation from the axis and vice
versa for it to be a rotating equilibrium.

2. Application
In life application, torque was used and applied in cars because it is the turning power and
having great torque corresponds to a great speed and horsepower and apply off-roads in
which road is bumpy and not levelled.