Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Olivier Kah
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Photo: JE Randall
Universit de Rennes 1
Rennes, France
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Rennes
Saint Thgonnec
Plougrescant
Rennes
Saint Malo
Quiberon
Pointe du raz
Carnac
Main objective:
Provide an overview, as integrative as
possible, of the molecular and cellular
mechanisms which, at the brain level,
participate in the regulation of successful
reproduction in teleost fish
To provide insights into other satellite aspects:
- Historical aspects (concepts and ideas)
- Mechanisms underlying evolution
- Technical aspects
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Outline
The gonadotrophins
Organization of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex in
fish
Brain factors influencing gonadotrophin release
The steroid feedback
Regulation of sexual behaviour
Integration of the photoperiodic message
Endocrine disrupters
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
What are
Teleost fish?
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
http://darwin-online.org.uk/
Porifera
The metazoa
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Arthropoda
Onychophora
Tardigrada
Annelida
Ecdysozoa
Pogonophora
Vestimentifera
Echiura
Mollusca
Sipuncula
Lophotrochozoa
Bilateria
Nemertea
Plathelminthes
Chordata
Hemichordata
lophophorates
Chaetognatha
Deuterostomia
Echinodermata
pseudocoelomates
http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/eukaryotes.html
Placozoa
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Teleost fish
Lampreys
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Bony fish
Sharks
and rays
Land
vertebrates
Vertebrates
Prochordates
Cephalochordates
Urochordates
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Teleosts
Tetrapods
25 000 sp.
25 000 sp.
Mammals
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Early teleosts
Amia
Early tetrapods
Gar pike
Sturgeon
Coelacanth
Polypterus
Paddlefish
Crossopterygians
Lungfish
Palaeoniscids
Actinopterygians
Ray finned fish
450 Ms
years
Sarcopterygians
Lobe finned O.fish
Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Fish
(25 000 sp.)
Tetrapods
(25 000 sp.)
Zebrafish
Zebra
Whole-genome duplication?
Biodiversity
Resource
Model
Susumu Ohno
(19282000)
Evolution of the
Hox gene
clusters during
vertebrate
evolution
360
Reptiles
23 550
Amphibians
Lungfishes
Coelacanths
Non-teleosts
44
Lobe-finned fish
Birds
Tetrapods
Mammals
310
>235
Teleosts
Whole-genome duplication?
23 637
Ray-finned fish
450
Venkatesh, 2003
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Actinopterygians
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Based on 42
orthologous
genes from
10 model species
Venkatesh, 2003
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Coho
25 000 species of fish, but only a few
ofsalmon
them
are studied
Catfish
Very important
variability
in
Eel
Sea bass
Goldfish
- Phylogenetical
Rainbow troutposition
- Biology
- Life cycle
Flatfish
Carp
- Reproductive
strategies
Seabream
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
From http://www.digitaldiver.biz/cpg/index.php
Sexual reproduction
is the most
common type of
reproduction in fishes
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
- Simply produce an identical copy of yourself
quick and easy
all members of the species have similar vulnerabilities.
Budding
Fission
Parthenogenesis
Daphnia
parent
bud
Hydra
Planarian
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Sexual reproduction
is much more complicated
Gametogenesis is the
process that permits
formation of gametes
from a small number
of germ cells
Meiosis
Spermatogenesis
Ovogenesis
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Sexual
reproduction
implies the
existence
of separate sexes
Gonochorism = Hermaphrodism
SRY
(Yp)
WT1
(11p13)
(9p)
(10q)
Z=DSS?
AMH
(Xp21)
(19q13)
TESTIS
SF1
(9q33)
SRY
Poecilia formosa
Spermato-dependent
gynogenesis (very
rare):
the role of sperm
(from closely related
species) is just to
activate the ovocyte
Gilthead seabream
Protogynous
Protandrous
hermaphrodite:
From female to male
hermaphrodite:
From male to female
(perciform)
Hypoplectrus unicolor
(perciform)
Simultaneous
hermaphrodite
Kryptolebias marmoratus
Hermaphrodites reproduce
by either self-fertilisation or
cross-breeding.
Gobiodon erythrospilus, el
campen del mundo
de la plasticidad sexual
Photo: JE Randall
inmaduros
maduros
J+
J+
En la presencia de un adulto,
los inmaduros maduran
Tilapia
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Mosquitofish
Gambusia affinis,
Guppy
Poecilia reticulata
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Reproductive strategies
influence the
number and size
of the eggs
Egg number and size diversity in some teleost fish
Species
Mean fecundity
egg number/kg
Turbot
1 000 000
Cod
500 000
Carp
50 000-100 000
Salmonids
2000-3000
Tilapia (Oreochromis) 50-200
Tilapia (Tilapia)
50-100
Egg diameter
1.02
1.4
1-1.5
4-5.5
2-4
1-2
Particularities
Floating, pelagic
Floating, pelagic
Adhesive (vegetal)
Benthic
Maternal
Substrate breeding
brain-pituitary-gonad
axis
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Gonadotrophin
secretion is
under control of
the brain,
notably the
hypothalamus
Historical overview
Historical overview
Leonardo da Vinci
(1508-1509)
Pituitary
Historical overview
1664
Willis in his "Cerebri Anatome" argues that humors out of the third
ventricle may be carried to the pituitary gland
1742
1778
1860
1872- 1877
Meynert and Forel define the anatomical borders of what they call
"the neural portion extending forward the region of the
subthalamus" (i.e. the hypothalamus)
1893
1852-1934
Professor of histology But also the Golgi
silver impregnation
University of Pavia
technique (1873)
the black reaction
Phoxinus laevis
O. Kah Montevideo-1 2007
Historical overview
1930: Popa and Fieldingdescribe
a portal vascular system interpreted
as a route of the blood upward the
hypothalamus
LH-RH
or
mGnRH
Roger Guillemin
from sheep hypothalamus
(Amoss et al., 1971)
Andrew V. Schally
from pig hypothalamus
(Matsuo et al., 1971)
pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-GlyNH2
Rosalyn Yalow
Neuroendocrinology:
The study of the interaction between the
nervous system and the endocrine glands, in
particular the pituitary
gland