Topics in Society

and Culture
Which have connection/no
connection in

Maritime
Midshipmen,
Maritime
Seafarers,
and Filipino Citizen
Submitted by:
3/C Principe, Jerome C.
3/C Yambot, Patrick Ian
3/C Reyes, Paulo
(S2-BravoMT)
Submitted to:
Mr. Erncef Borromeo
(Instructor)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page ........
1
Table of Contents ... 2
Abstract .. 3
Chapter I: Introduction ... 4
Background of the Study ..4
Statement of the Problem . 4
Significance of the Study .. 5
Scope and Limitations of the Study .......................................................................................... 5
Chapter II: Review of Related Literature, Studies and Conceptual Framework ... 6
Review of Related Literature and Studies 6
Conceptual Framework .. 18
Definition of Terms. 19
Chapter III: Methodology 22
Research Location .. 22
Research Instrument ... 22
Chapter IV: Analysis and Interpretation of Data . 25
Analysis and Interpretation of Data ... 25
Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation ... 31
Summary . 31
Conclusion .. 32
Recommendation .... 32
Bibliography 34
References ... 34
Appendices .. 35

ABSTRACT
This research paper basically focused on the connection and non-connection of Religion if it
would affect the life of Maritime Cadet Midshipmen, Maritime Seafarers and Filipino Citizens. The
first thing that we did in gathering the data, was to focus first in studying the background of Religion
and if it has really a connection with the said classes of people. Next, we research about the different
related literature about our topic. We used a lot of references for us to be able to know our topics
deeper and explain it thoroughly by using the format used in this research paper that was given to us
by our instructor. Next step, was the formation of the Conceptual Framework which was basically the
step by step procedure of this whole research paper, we conducted assessments and researches with
the help of the whole group for us to find facts that would support our chosen topics. Finally, in
interpreting our data analysis, we used the qualitative form of research using descriptive statistics and
highlighting document analysis as our research instrument which was supported by references stated
by each related literature that we have used using the APA format.
The first research question that we used was, do topics such as Religion has connection in
Society of Culture for Maritime Cadet Midshipmen and Student?
Next question was, do topics such as Religion has connection in Society of Culture for Future
Maritime Seafarers?
And the last question was, do topics such as Religion has connection in Society of Culture for
Filipino Citizens?

After undergoing all the process that needs to be undergone, we came up with the following
results of; Disagree for the first question, Undecided for the second question and Undecided also for
the last question mentioned above.

Chapter I: Introduction
Background of the Study
The research paper that we did was very timely and relevant because it is related with our
profession as a seafarer. As of the moment, inequality on board a vessel and discrimination between
crews is very evident because of Religion. Thats why we came up with this kind of study for us to
prove that the topic and idea about Religion is not only relevant with the nature of our profession but
also with our future endeavors as Marine Officers onboard and also a citizen of our own country. We
expect to find solutions or come up with recommendations to lessen or to improve the relationship
among the crew members with different nationalities and cultural roots.

Statement of the Problem

The following problems must be answered and given data analysis at the end of this research
study. These are the following questions;

Do topics such as Religion has connection in Society and Culture for Maritime Cadet

Midshipmen and Students?

Do topics such as Religion has connection in Society and Culture for Future Maritime

Seafarers?
Do topics such as Religion has connection in Society and Culture for Filipino Citizens?

Significance of the Study

The following will benefit from this research study;
1. Midshipmen Cadets and Students because even they are currently studying to be a future
maritime seafarers, their mind will be enlightened about the different religion that they will
meet or encounter onboard a vessel.
2. Marine Officers They have a significant role on how to implement the equality of treatment
between crew members even though they have different cultural roots and religions.
3. Ordinary Seafarers They are the ones greatly affected by discrimination due to their
nationalities and religions thats why this is a very helpful tool that there are ways on how to
improve the relationship onboard.
4. Filipino Citizens Discrimination and inequality is not only imminent onboard a vessel but of
course within your own country thats why we also have to focus on the effects of these
factors with our citizenship as Filipinos.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The main coverage of our research study was to prove that there is a significant relation
between Religion to our profession as future Maritime Seafarers and the conflicts that we may
encounter when we go onboard a vessel. We also focus on the connection of this topic to our
citizenship and find relevant information if there is a difference between life onboard and life on land.
We also considered the significant role of officers onboard in maintaining the equality of treatment
between crew members and on the other hand, the government to its constituents.

Chapter II: Review of Related Literatures, Studies and

Conceptual Framework
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Christianity
With well over two billion followers throughout the world, Christianity is an Abrahamic
religion centered on God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. One of the big issues surrounding
Christianity is that some people question the existence of the Trinity. Other points of debate are the
Christian beliefs in Immaculate Conception, the original sin, the existence of the Devil, and the
coming of the apocalypse. Learn more about Christianity and find out how it became the World's
largest religion with holidays that are known worldwide.
Buddhism
Who is Buddha? What exactly is Buddhism? Learn about the quest for Enlightenment
that intrigued people throughout history and learn about the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism.
Meditation played a significant role in the life of Siddhartha Gautama, who left his princely
lifestyle to find the meaning of true nature. Buddhism has continued to change the lives of
people today who follow the path towards enlightenment. What is so special about the Bodhi
tree? Discover more about the peaceful religion that worships no God and believes in a spiritual
journey based on karma.

Islam
More than one billion people in the World follow Islam, worship Allah (the Arabic word
for 'God'), believe in angels, and consider Muhammad as the most recent prophet. These are only
a few of the beliefs set by the religion that is disciplined and strict in its rules and customs. The
Five Pillars guide Muslim life, as do the Qur'an, the Hadith, and the fatwas which contribute to
the Sharia. Discover more about the customs & beliefs of the second largest religion in the
world.
Hinduism
Hinduism is among the oldest religions of the world. It has more than 900 million
followers, with around 80 percent of the Indian population claiming to be Hindu. Hinduism does
not follow a single doctrine or teacher, but recognizes one God and eternal soul called Brahman.
The different types of Hinduism recognize different deities.
Mormonism
The Mormon Church was founded in the United States in the 19th century. It is also
called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or The Church of Jesus Christ. Although
Mormonism is a Christian faith, it is very different from the other sects of Christianity.
According to Mormons, the other Christian churches have gone off course, and their church is
the only one that is modeled after the church envisioned by Jesus. Their holy books are: The
Holy Bible (King James Version), the Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of
Great Price. With 12 million members throughout the world, the Mormon Church has been active
in spreading the gospel throughout its history.
7

Jehovahs Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses are a Christian-based religious denomination that believes that most
churches of Christianity have strayed. They consider themselves a brotherhood joined by
religious belief. Jehovah's Witnesses are known for visiting neighborhoods and knocking on
doors in order to inform people about their religion and attract converts. There are around 6.5
million members worldwide. Jehovah's Witnesses use the New World Translation of the Holy
Scriptures, their own translation of the Bible which is available in around 70 languages.
(http://www.typesofreligion.com/)
What is the impact of Religion? In general, religions set out to be idealistic, to achieve common
good and encourage their members to be better people. On the surface, they provide a vehicle for
individuals to account for things which otherwise would be unexplainable and offer a safety
valve for the relief of guilt. They also provide a framework that serves as a code of behavior.
They do this via the mechanisms of commandments and sin. The latter can be defined as
behavior proscribed by a religion. Many religions notionally encourage believers to consider
those who are less well off than themselves. All these attributes operate at the level of the
individual, which many may argue is the correct level for religious activity. So much for the
good news. Now for the bad news, which unfortunately outweighs the good news be a
considerable amount. As has been discussed above, religions have the societal effect of dividing
people into us and them. This unfortunately has the same characteristics as any other form of
discrimination, such as racialism. It becomes easy to consider us as the righteous and them
as unrighteous. When things go wrong, when there is friction between communities, the
unbelievers become an easy target for blame. It is easy to become self-righteous and look down

upon those we consider to be inferior. These feelings are not of course, stated aims of religious
leaders, but they do gain strength in an environment where there is fear and a lack of
understanding. Wherever there is a dispute between factions of society, whether it be of a racial,
nationalistic or class-based nature, religion is often brought into the equation to recruit support
from within a religious base, whether or not that support is justified. Indeed, religion becomes
the embodiment of evil, quite contrary to its original intent. At both the societal and individual
level, religion also has another considerable consequence. Because it depends on a belief in the
divine, it encourages a belief in divine intervention. It is somehow thought that prayer to the
divinity will change the course of events. In that respect it is a substitute for action and decision.
Sometimes prayer can be used to gain personal fortitude to resist fear, which can be beneficial on
occasions. However, the use of prayer can also take the form of wishing ill to others, effectively
acting as a curse. It is thought that the divinity will vent anger on those who are judged to be
oppressors or sinners. This is a short step from believing that the cause justifies evil in the name
of the divinity. It also reinforces 4 the attitude that there is no need to understand or be awed by
things that are beyond our comprehension. So, instead of seeing beauty in creation without a
deity, only impossible chaos can be seen. Such an attitude reinforces the belief in a deity. Thus
religion has become a self-reinforcing mental prison. Religion can also be used as a tool of
suppression. It is easy to maintain order and nullify dissent by citing religious grounds. It is often
used to pour scorn on those who do not believe, so that when individuals question the right to
govern, the right to interpret religion or the existence of the deity, indignant repugnance is
generated in those who are in a position to impose censorship. Often this can be achieved by
simple peer group pressure. Religious ethics are cited in support of many spurious theories and
taboos. The basis of many of these is that the life force is somehow holy, that life is the sole

preserve of the deity. Such is the arbitrary nature of the arguments that, even within a single sect
of a single religion, there will be theological disagreements about what is ethical and what is
unethical. Because secular laws are believed to be made with religious principles underpinning
them, it is easy for the judiciary to fall into the trap of condemning individuals to cruelty and
inhumanity in the belief that it is ethical to do so. (http://www.innovationgame.com/)
The Negative Effects of Religion on Society
Religion is like slow poison, and just as poison is killing your body, in the same way
religion is killing your soul. There is only one difference: religion is masquerading as medicine,
and while you think it is there for your own benefit, it is secretly killing you. And before you
become aware of it, religion has turned you into a lifeless being. The negative effects of religion
on society are tremendous. Here are the main ways religion is destroying peoples lives:
Religion is filling people with fear - Religion is one of the main reasons why people are afraid of
living. And when I say living I dont mean just surviving. To survive is one thing, even stones
do that, but to live is a completely different thing. To live means to be sensitive, it means to feel,
to grow, to discover your potential and achieve to higher states of being. The starting point of
religion is fear. Religion is based on the idea of sin: all people are born sinners, impure souls, and
if they dont purify themselves, they will soon be condemned to hell by God, where they will
have to experience eternal suffering. In order to avoid hell, religion demands that people prove to
God that they are worthy of heaven. How? By following the dogma of religion. Naturally, when
people are put in such a situation, they find themselves in a continuous state of fear. They are
always afraid whether their actions are right according to religion or not. When you believe that
you are being continuously watched by an all-seeing eye of God, you will have to act in certain
10

ways to please God. The fear of hell is continuously in your mind, filling you with worry and
anxiety, and this does not allow you to live spontaneously. As a result, most so-called religious
people become neurotic and in some cases even schizophrenic.
Religion is turning people against themselves - The demands that religion places on people are
unrealistic. Religion, on the one hand, teaches that people are born sinners. Sin is what we are
made of, and whatever we humans are doing is bound to be corrupted in one way or another. On
the other hand, however, religion is teaching people to behave in the best ways possible in a
few words, to be perfect, just like angels. But unfortunately, people are not angels, so how can
they act in such an unnatural way? But this has many serious consequences. When you fail to do
what God has ordered, you start hating yourself. You begin to accept the idea that you are indeed
a bad person, corrupted, and not worthy as a human being. And once you do so, your life
becomes filled with anger, bitterness and resentment a true hell on earth.
Religion is turning people against each other - The other is just a projection of yourself, a mirror,
on whom you can see your own reflection. Once you start hating yourself you are bound to start
hating others too. When you accept the idea that you are a sinner, you start seeing those around
you as sinners. And when believe that others are sinners, there is always a deep-rooted fear
within you that the other wants to harm youthe other is corrupted, ill-willed, an enemy of yours.
In addition, you will not tolerate religious ideologies that are different from the one you follow.
This is why you can see religions fighting against each other. Similarly, religious people are
fighting nonreligious ones. To identify with a religious ideology, and call it the only truth and
way, leads to tremendously negative consequences hatred, racism, and all kinds of violence.

11

Just think of how many wars have been carried out throughout history in the name of God and
religion.

Religion is keeping people in ignorance - To live means to learn, and life is a continuous lesson.
When, however, you have grown up conditioned to believe what is right and wrong according to
religion, and told that to doubt religion means to go to hell, naturally you become afraid of
seeking true knowledge. You stop searching to find the truth, to learn, and hence to grow as a
human being. (http://theunboundedspirit.com/)
The Positive Effects of Religion on Society
The most important aspect of religion is its relentless struggle to focus on the
dimension of depth in our lives. We are subjected every day to the pressure to attend to the
surface of things. Our culture urges us to lose ourselves in the surfaces of lifethe condition
that Herbert Marcuse described as the one-dimensional person. We live under an economic
system that views human persons exclusively in economic terms; science and technology, whose
great contribution to life is their explanations of the perceptible outside of things and their
success in applying those explanations to making our lives easier and giving us more
possibilities; the medicalizing of more and more areas of our experience, leading to
suggestions that drugs and procedures can ward off aging and even dying; the omnipresent news
media that inflame us to invest ourselves in concern for momentary happenings, insisting the
ephemera of daily events are deeply significant. The pressure toward one-dimensionality
threatens to cut us off from the deeper foundations on which our experience rests. Religion

12

stands in contrast as a signal of the depth-dimension. Its signaling occurs in several forms.
Worship practices or rituals. Prayer, singing, and rituals specific to each religious community are
concrete, not abstract. I think of meals as well as festivals and pilgrimages. These observances
focus on the stuff of everyday life and set it in the framework of more profound dimensions of
life. The Seder meal reminds Jews that they are shaped by a very long history, a history that
gives them identity; the Holy Communion meal signals to Christians that the center of lifes
meaning is giving oneself for the welfare of others; in the Eid ul Fitr, Muslims give thanks after
the month of Ramadan fasting that teaches patience, spirituality, humility and submissiveness to
God. Rituals also mark the major events of life--birth, puberty, marriage, deathwith rites of
passage that set the events in a larger narrative of meaning. Texts or Scriptures. Most religions
have sacred texts that offer wisdom, moral injunction, and inspirational stories that point to a
dimension of what William James called the MORE. Daily practices. Buddhists cultivate
practices of mindfulness, peacefulness, and compassion. In one form or another, all religions
inculcate these practices. The Jewish teachings about mitzvoththe obligations to perform
moral acts, particularly acts of kindnessand Tikkun olam (repairing the world) have inculcated
over the centuries an intense commitment to social justice. Giving to charity is a fundamental
mark of Islam. Such practices are constant reminders that there is more to life than the moment,
more than individual, selfish getting ahead. The religions also include rituals of giving thanks
and celebrating the goodness of life. All these rituals evidence a counter-cultural voice to the
widespread philosophy of things just happen. The struggle for the meaning of life. The
traditions of the religions are millennia long, and as such they embody the depth and variety of
human efforts to understand what life is about and how we should conduct our lives. These
traditions record how people in different epochs and different life-situations have probed the

13

realities of human frailty and sickness, birth and death, evil and virtue, success and failure,
wealth and poverty, abundance and scarcity, depression and exhilaration, loneliness and
togetherness, alienation and reconciliation, sexual relations, war and peace, human diversity and
otherness. These traditions are so diverse that they present a wide range of responses and a
variety of answers to the perennial questioning of human existence.
When we participate in these traditions we join experientially the ongoing journey of
discovery of what it means to be human. The search for meaning runs through all these
traditions. For most but not all of these traditions, the idea of God is central; God is a way of
talking about the depth from which our experience and its meaning flows. All religions, in one
way or another, point towards the reality of soul, which is another way of talking about depth.
As Sven Birkerts writes, my soul is the active inner part of me that is not shaped by
contingencies, that stands free. Many people today doubt that soul or God refer to anything
real; they doubt there is an inner part. Questions of meaning do not interest them. This may
indicate the power of the forces of one-dimensionality. Many poets today (even those who, like
Birkerts do not accept God or religion) say that without a concept of soul, without a sense of
depth, we cannot understand what it means to be human. The issue is not the death of God, but
the death of the human. What is positive about religion? For me it is this manifold tradition of
thinking, acting, and shaping my spirituality with constant reference to the depth of life and the
irrepressible struggle for meaning. (http://www.iras.org/)
What is the Separation of Religion and State? The phrase separation of church and
state was initially coined by Baptists striving for religious toleration in Virginia, whose official
state religion was then Anglican (Episcopalian). Baptists thought government limitations against

14

religion illegitimate. James Madison and Thomas Jefferson championed their cause. The
preamble in Act Establishing Religious Freedom in Virginia (1786), affirms that the Author of
our Religion gave us our free will. And that He chose not to propagate it by coercions. This
legislation certainly did not diminish religious influence on government for it also provided stiff
penalties for conducting business on the Sabbath. Nor did the Constitution inhibit public displays
of faith. At ratification, a majority of the thirteen several and sovereign states maintained official
religions. The early Republic welcomed public worship. Church services were held in the U.S.
Capitol and Treasury buildings every Sunday. The imagery in many federal buildings remains
unmistakably biblical. The day after the First Amendments passage, Congress proclaimed a
national day of prayer and thanksgiving. The inaugural Congress was largely comprised by those
who drafted the Constitution. It reflects incredible arrogance to reconfigure the Bill of Rights
into prohibiting religious displays on public grounds. Hanging the Ten Commandments on the
wall of a county courthouse no more mandates religion than judges displaying the banner of their
favorite sports team somehow equates to Congress establishing that team as preeminent. Our
forefathers never sought to evict the church from society. They recognized that the several states
did not share uniform values. We lived and worshipped differently. The framers were a diverse
bunch with wildly divergent opinions on many issues, but eliminating the very foundations of
Americas heritage would have horrified them. On few issues was there more unanimity. Where
the French Revolution and its official policy of De-Christianization quickly devolved into
bloodshed and oppression, here freedom flourished. Our independence was seen as the
culmination of a march toward liberty, not a rejection of Americas historical cultural moorings.
Our forebears embraced tradition and left local autonomy largely intact. Schools, courts and the
public square were often overtly Christian and had been since their colonial beginnings. Few

15

Americans would have tolerated a coercive central government infringing on their rights to post
religious symbols on local schools, courts or anywhere else. Americans built society from the
ground up. Many had fled oppression. The colonies instituted local self-government indigenously
to confirm the rights resident in their persons and property. Few would have willingly been
dispossessed by Washington of the very freedoms which they had just secured from London.
Here men could and did rise as their efforts merited. Commoners were unshackled from feudal
paralysis and freed to find God individually. Both the economy and church thrived. Alexis de
Tocqueville observed that Americans intertwined individual liberty with vibrant faith. It is
impossible to make them conceive the one without the other. Even non-Christian founders
thought religion essential. None would have wished to upend the very basis for education, law or
culture. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 states: Religion, morality, and knowledge, being
necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of
education shall forever be encouraged. Thomas Jefferson thought differently. The Danbury
Baptists wrote to him congratulating his election and objecting to the First Amendment. They
thought it implied government dispensed what was not governments to give. Jefferson agreed.
His reply clearly applied Separation of Church and State to the establishment and not to the
free exercise of religion. As he expressed, what communities did and how they worshipped were
not federal affairs. Jefferson later said the central government was interdicted from
intermeddling with religious institutions. Such were state matters. Freedom of religion was
partly moral protecting our most cherished liberty and partly pragmatic. Religious animosity
tears society asunder, particularly when church is affixed to government. With freedom of
conscience assured, conflict becomes less likely. The First Amendment was an insightful
compromise between church and state, federal and local authorities. The framers desired to avoid

16

the controversies which engulfed Europe. As James Madison warned in Federalist 10, The
latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; . . . A zeal for different opinions
concerning religion, concerning government, and many other points, . . . ambitiously contending
for pre-eminence and power . . . divided mankind into parties, inflamed them with mutual
animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to
cooperate for their common good. Thus the Constitution decreed that Washington had no
occasion or authority to interject itself into matters as obviously local as doctrines of faith.
Congress was not empowered to establish a church because the framers feared that concentrated
power, whether favored religions, standing armies, banking monopolies, or an overarching
federal government, invited tyranny. Church and state were distinct in that the Federal
Government could not elevate one denomination over others. Nor could government and its
flawed inhabitants usurp divine authority by harnessing politics to the church. Faith is no civil
contract, but a personal matter not to be profaned by politics. State controlled churches
frequently exploited this latent power for evil. The Spanish Inquisition didnt originate in the
Vatican, but the Castilian court. It was not of the church, but the king. By Philip II, Spain had the
makings of the first police state infused with the ill-gotten moral authority of a tyrannical clergy.
Much of our Bill of Rights was meant to prevent dictatorships such as Cromwells, which
married church and state in such manner as to mar many of the freedoms our forefathers sought
to enshrine. The framers witnessed the incessant wars of the mother continent and understood
official churches and centralized power fomented abuses. Having two or three competing
factions spurred struggles between the parties to secure power, but divesting authority to
innumerable smaller jurisdictions without the prospect of any gaining control promoted peaceful
freedom. Episcopalians in Virginia would live amicably next to Catholics in Maryland, Quakers

17

in Pennsylvania or Baptists in their midst. None saw cause for contention because there was no
threat that others would gain dominion over them or any prospect that they might gain such
dominion themselves. Rivalry was unnecessary because Congress shall make no law respecting
an establishment of religion. America must decide. (http://www.forbes.com/

Conceptual Framework

18

In this Conceptual Framework that we have shown above, it shows how our research study
flow from the beginning to end of this study. First, we identify what is the connection of Religion to
Society of Culture. Then, we establish a Statement of the Problem about our topic which is the
Religion if theres a connection to Maritime Midshipmen and Students, Future Seafarers, and Filipino
19

Citizens. In order to answer that problems, we gathered different information of our topic to that can
relate to the Maritime Midshipmen and Students, Future Maritime Seafarers, and Filipino Citizen that
we used to create our Data Analysis using RRLs and the Research Instruments such as; Descriptive
Statistics and Highlighting Document Analysis. After analyzing all the data, we interpreted the results
to be able to come up to the Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations.

Definition of Terms
Accumulate - to gather or collect, often in gradual degrees; heap up.
Anxious full of mental distress or uneasiness because of fear of danger or misfortune; greatly
worried; solicitous.
Chronic -constant; habitual; inveterate.
Colonialism - the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory,
or people.
Depressed - sad and gloomy; dejected; downcast.
Discrimination - treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a
person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs
rather than on individual merit.
Dominate - to rule over; govern; control.
Erodes - to eat into or away; destroy by slow consumption or disintegration.

20

Ethnic - pertaining to or characteristic of a people, especially a group (ethnic group) sharing a

common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the like.
Hierarchical - of, belonging to, or characteristic of a hierarchy.
Ignorance - the state or fact of being ignorant; lack of knowledge, learning, information, etc.
Immigration - to pass or come into a new habitat or place, as an organism.
Inferior - lower in place or position; closer to the bottom or base.
Isolated - separated from other persons or things; alone; solitary.
Moral - of, relating to, or concerned with the principles or rules of right conduct or the
distinction between right and wrong; ethical.
Oppression - the exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner.
Perceived - to become aware of, know, or identify by means of the senses.
Prejudice - an unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge,
thought, or reason.
Racism - a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human racial groups
determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is
superior and has the right to dominate others or that a particular racial group is inferior to the
others.
Rationalize - to ascribe (one's acts, opinions, etc.) to causes that superficially seem reasonable
and valid but that actually are unrelated to the true, possibly unconscious and often less
creditable or agreeable causes.

21

Scapegoat - a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place.
Self-esteem - a realistic respect for or favorable impression of oneself; self-respect.
Speculate - to engage in thought or reflection; meditate (often followed by on, upon, or a
clause).
Superior - higher in station, rank, degree, importance, etc.
Violent - acting with or characterized by uncontrolled, strong, rough force.
Vulnerable - capable of or susceptible to being wounded or hurt, as by a weapon.
Xenophobia - an unreasonable fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers or of that which is
foreign or strange.

Chapter III: Methodology

22

Research Location
In this case study, we used two research locations. First is the academy itself. Why the
Academy? Because inside the academy, all the questions will be answered because, the persons
inside the academy are all future seafarers, citizens of this country and presently midshipmen of
the academy. We asked the cadets about their own opinions about our research, and their
response really gave us a lot of help that we can use in our case study. Second is our own house,
because all the persons at home knew all the current information and issues happening because
theyre the ones seeing it outside the academy. Furthermore, we can read a lot of references
materials and surf the internet while we are at home during weekends.

Research Instrument
Our research instrument used in this case study is qualitative form of research and
descriptive statistics and test if the respondents agreed to what we are trying to propose about
this topic and if it has great effect with their lives as ordinary citizens of this country and as
future officers of their professions. So what is qualitative form of research? Qualitative research
is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation
that:
Seeks answers to a question.
Systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question.
Collects evidence.
Produces findings that were not determined in advance.
Produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study.
23

Qualitative research shares these characteristics. Additionally, it seeks to understand a

given research problem or topic from the perspectives of the local population it involves.
Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific information about the
values,

opinions,

behaviors,

and

social

contexts

of

particular

populations.

(http://www.ccs.neu.edu/)
Next is what Descriptive Statistics is? Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic
features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the
measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every
quantitative analysis of data.
Descriptive statistics are typically distinguished from inferential statistics. With
descriptive statistics you are simply describing what is or what the data shows. With inferential
statistics, you are trying to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone. For
instance, we use inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what the population
might think. Or, we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an
observed difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by
chance in this study. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more
general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
Descriptive Statistics are used to present quantitative descriptions in a manageable form.
In a research study we may have lots of measures. Or we may measure a large number of people
on any measure. Descriptive statistics help us to simplify large amounts of data in a sensible way.
Each descriptive statistic reduces lots of data into a simpler summary. For instance, consider a
simple number used to summarize how well a batter is performing in baseball, the batting
average. This single number is simply the number of hits divided by the number of times at bat
24

(reported to three significant digits). A batter who is hitting .333 is getting a hit one time in every
three at bats. One batting .250 is hitting one time in four. The single number describes a large
number of discrete events. Or, consider the scourge of many students, the Grade Point Average
(GPA). This single number describes the general performance of a student across a potentially
wide range of course experiences. And that was our Research Instrument utilized in this case
study. (http://www.socialresearchmethods.net)

Chapter IV: Analysis and Interpretation of Data

25

Analysis and Interpretation of Data

CRITERIA FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF MEAN
4.451-5.0- STRONGLY AGREE
3.451-4.45- AGREE
2.451-3.45- UNDECIDED
1.451-2.45- DISAGREE
0-1.45- STRONGLYDISAGREE

1. The use of topics such as Religion in Society of Culture for Maritime Cadet Midshipmen
and Students.

1. To foster
patriotism
which teaches
love or
devotion to
ones country
and
nationalism
which
preaches
sense of
national
consciousness
of common
culture, race,
interests of a
people.
2. To
accelerate
social
progress

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We are undecided with this idea because we believed that religion

doesnt have anything to do with showing your patriotism and love for your
country because we as Filipinos have different religion but can be one in
showing patriotism for our country amidst the difference in our culture bad
religion. We should have that in each one of us that may help build social
awareness and cultural awareness with one another.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

26

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We disagreed with this idea because religion shouldnt be a factor in

promoting equality in our fellow countrymen because it would be a great
hindrance if ever we would use our religion as basis for giving privileges and
rights to each one of us. Just like in the political sector a government leader
should be transparent and just in making decisions for his/her constituents to
promote equality and maintain peace among his subordinates. This may also
improve the economic and cultural growth in his locality.
which implies
improvement
in the quality
of the
peoples life
in all aspectseconomic,
3.Show ability
to be globally
competitive
seafarer.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We disagree with this idea because religion doesnt have something to do

with how to be a globally competitive seafarer because it depends upon the
drive of a seafarer to be good and competitive with the other crews onboard.
He must make a name for himself not because of his religion but because of
how well he does his job on board. That is you can be a globally competitive
seafarer.

4.The
STRONGLY DISAGREE UNDECIDED AGREE
STRONGLY
capability to
DISAGREE

AGREE
apply the
necessary
We disagreed with this idea because religion doesnt affect the way a
knowledge
seafarer should apply the necessary knowledge and theoretical applications in
and skill
his chosen field. It should be based on how well he understands his lessons in
needed in all
school and how well he can apply it by the time he goes on board.
on board
responsibilitie
s with the
highest degree
of
competency.
5.Demonstrate
the ability to
work

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

27

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

efficiently and
effectively
and in the
pursuit for
professional
growth.

We disagreed with this because religion doesnt affect the way a midshipman
should demonstrate his work efficiently because it depends upon his will to
learn the job and task on board to be able to work efficiently and effectively
as well as to attain his professional growth.

2. The use of topics such as Religion in Society of Culture for Future Maritime Seafarers.

1. Work in
multi-cultural
and multidisciplinary
team.

2. Understand
professional
and ethical
responsibilities
.

3.Communicat
e effectively in
oral and

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We agreed with this idea because we all know that by the time we work on
board we will encounter different types of person and crews with different
religions as well. Thats why we have to respect their way praising their god
to be able to establish a harmonious relationship n board and for them to
respect our religious rituals and traditions and with this we can work
effectively and establish a multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary team.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We strongly agreed with this idea because as we encounter different people

on board, we have to identify our professional and social responsibilities
with our fellow crew mates on board so we may avoid actions that may
violate and have conflict with their religion especially those who are
sensitive when it comes with protecting their religious beliefs.
STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

28

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

written
English.

We disagreed with this idea because it doesnt matter what your religion is to
speak and write effectively in English. You just have to make the necessary
practice to improve your skill to communicate effectively.

4.Understand
the impact and
implications of
various
contemporary
issues in the
global and
social context
of the
profession.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We disagreed with this idea because Religion do not have a great impact on
social context of each profession especially in the maritime industry because
we have to work professionally onboard to do our job efficiently and
effectively thats the reason why we have to set aside our religious issues for
our goals as professionals onboard.

5.Conduct
STRONGLY DISAGREE UNDECIDED AGREE
STRONGLY
research using
DISAGREE

AGREE
appropriate
research
We disagreed with this idea because Religion doesnt affect an individual in
methodologies. conducting research using appropriate research instruments because every
research instrument has a step to be followed for a research to be conducted
accurately that does not violate any religious rights of any person because it
is more of a data gathering rather than making any changes to what is already
established before the research itself.

29

3. The use of topics such as Religion in Society of Culture as Filipino Citizens.

1. To be loyal
to your
country which
means proud
of its customs,
traditions,
language and
institutions.

2. To love and
defend the
country which
means
readiness to
sacrifice your
life.

3.To
contribute to
the

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We agreed with this idea because to be able to be proud of your customs and
tradition and other aspects as Filipinos we must also try to learn the religions
that we have here in the Philippines to understand deeper why is it so
significant for the people in a certain religion to preserve their rituals and
beliefs. Thats the time that we can truly be proud of our own country and its
institutions.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We disagreed with this idea because as Filipinos we should always have that
sense of responsibility and readiness to protect and serve our country no
matter what it takes. We have to be one as Filipinos to preserve culture and
heritage from other invaders even if we came from different religions because
this is our home, we should be the first to protect it no matter what it takes.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

30

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

development
and welfare of
the state this
means
working
together for
common
good.

4.To
cooperate
with duly
constituted
authorities
which is about
community
living imposes
obligations
and
responsibilitie
s to an
individual.

5. To exercise
rights
responsibly
and with due
regard for the
rights of
others.

We strongly agreed with this idea because as a leader of a country composed

and made up of different beliefs and religion. He should be aware of the
needs of his constituents and what factors to consider to satisfy their needs
thats the time he can consider that he is really supplementing the needs of
each religion by always listening with their sentiments to the government for
the common good of every Filipino.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We disagreed with this idea because you dont have to be in one religion for
your voice to be heard you just have to take the risk to tell the authorities of
your insights about what is happening around you so they can take the
necessary actions to improve it. However we as individuals, should know the
necessary responsibilities and obligations as well as duties as citizens of this
country for a smooth living.

STRONGLY
DISAGREE

DISAGREE

UNDECIDED

AGREE

STRONGLY
AGREE

We agreed with this idea because we should take into consideration the
religion of a person to understand his rights and not violate especially with
the Islamic Religion which emphasizes the purity of women. By that sense
we should take the proper way treating women especially if shes under in the
Islamic Religion because violation to this life has a punishment of death
penalty.

Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

31

Summary
To summarize the research study, we analyzed the data that we have gathered based from the
questions that we used. The first question of, do topics such as Religion has connection in Society of
Culture for Maritime Cadet Midshipmen and Students, we got the following results. For the first
criteria, we got the response of Undecided (3). For the second criteria, we got the response of
Disagree (2) as well. For the third criteria, we got the response of Disagree (2). For the fourth criteria,
we got the response of Disagree (2). And for the last criteria, we got the response of Disagree (2). All
in all, after getting the mean, the result was (2.2), which fell under the response of Disagree. (1.4512.45- DISAGREE)
For the second question of, do topics such as Religion has connection in Society of Culture
for Future Maritime Seafarers, we got the following results. For the first criteria, we got the response
of Agree (4). For the second criteria, we got the response of Strongly Agree (5). For the third criteria,
we got the response of Disagree (2). For the fourth criteria, we got the response of Disagree (2). And
for the last criteria, we got the response of Disagree (2). All in all, after getting the mean, the result
was (3), which fell under the response of Undecided. (2.451-3.45- UNDECIDED)
And lastly for the third question of, do topics such as Religion has connection in Society of
Culture for Filipino Citizens, we got the following results. For the first criteria, we got the response
of Agree (4). For the second criteria, we got the response of Disagree (2). For the third criteria, we got
the response of Strongly Agree (5). For the fourth criteria, we got the response of Disagree (2). And
for the last criteria, we got the response of Agree (4)also. All in all, after getting the mean, the result
was (3.4), which fell under the criteria of Undecided. (2.451-3.45- UNDECIDED)

32

Conclusion
After analyzing the summary of our study, we came up with the following conclusions:

The respondents were Disagree to whether the topics such as Religion has connection
with the Society of Culture for Maritime Cadet Midshipmen and Students because of

the mean of (2.2) that we got based from the stated criteria.
The respondents on the other hand Undecided that the topics such as Race, Ethnicity
and Gender has connection with the Society of Culture for Future Maritime Seafarers

because of the mean of (3) that we got based from the stated criteria.
And lastly, the respondents Undecided that the topics such as Race, Ethnicity and
Gender has connection with the Society of Culture for Filipino Citizens because the
mean showed (3.4) based from the criteria that we used in making this research study.

Recommendation
Here are our recommendations based from the conclusions that we formulated:

Cadet Midshipmen and Students must be more involved in searching for knowledge on how
to incorporate Religion with their life as Cadet Midshipmen and Students to be able to

understand deeply its significant value when it comes to their chosen professions.
Future Maritime Seafarers must find further ways on how to improve their relationship with
other crews onboard by the time theyre already serving their vessel in order to sustain a
harmonious relationship with one another especially when the time comes that they will
become a marine officers.

33

Filipino Citizens has constituents to their government must continue to give respect and
importance to the rights of their fellow countrymen whether theyre in the same religion or
beliefs. They must respect and give what is due with one another to be able to form a
disciplined group or team towards attaining a certain goal.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
At the end of the course, the cadets should be able to:
1. Determine what the different types of Religion are. -(http://www.typesofreligion.com/)
2. Analyze what are the impact of Religion. - (http://www.innovationgame.com/)
3. Identify the negative effects of Religion on society. (http://theunboundedspirit.com/)
4. Know the positive effects of Religion on society. - (http://www.iras.org/)
5. Understand the separation of religion and state. - (http://www.forbes.com)

REFERENCES
1. Coloma et. al (2012). Essentials of Sociology and Anthropology. C & E Publishing.
2. Ariola, M. (2012). Sociology and Anthropology with Family Planning Purely Books
Trading and Publishing Corporation.
3. Palispis, E. (2007). Introduction to Sociology and Anthropology. Rex Book Store Inc
Manila.
34

4. Leano and Corpus (2012). Society and Culture with Family Planning: A Modular
Approach. C & E Publishing. Quezon City.
5. Zulueta, F. (2006).Anthropological and Sociological:Concepts and Perspectives. National
Book Store Mandaluyong City.

APPENDICES
Our research instrument used in this case study is qualitative form of research and
descriptive statistics and test if the respondents agreed to what we are trying to propose about
this topic and if it has great effect with their lives as ordinary citizens of this country and as
future officers of their professions. So what is qualitative form of research? Qualitative research
is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation
that:
Seeks answers to a question.
Systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question.
Collects evidence.
Produces findings that were not determined in advance.
Produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study.
Qualitative research shares these characteristics. Additionally, it seeks to understand a
given research problem or topic from the perspectives of the local population it involves.
35

Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific information about the
values,

opinions,

behaviors,

and

social

contexts

of

particular

populations.

(http://www.ccs.neu.edu/)
Next is what Descriptive Statistics is? Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic
features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the
measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every
quantitative analysis of data.
Descriptive statistics are typically distinguished from inferential statistics. With
descriptive statistics you are simply describing what is or what the data shows. With inferential
statistics, you are trying to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone. For
instance, we use inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what the population
might think. Or, we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an
observed difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by
chance in this study. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more
general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
Descriptive Statistics are used to present quantitative descriptions in a manageable form.
In a research study we may have lots of measures. Or we may measure a large number of people
on any measure. Descriptive statistics help us to simplify large amounts of data in a sensible way.
Each descriptive statistic reduces lots of data into a simpler summary. For instance, consider a
simple number used to summarize how well a batter is performing in baseball, the batting
average. This single number is simply the number of hits divided by the number of times at bat
(reported to three significant digits). A batter who is hitting .333 is getting a hit one time in every
three at bats. One batting .250 is hitting one time in four. The single number describes a large
36

number of discrete events. Or, consider the scourge of many students, the Grade Point Average
(GPA). This single number describes the general performance of a student across a potentially
wide range of course experiences. And that was our Research Instrument utilized in this case
study. (http://www.socialresearchmethods.net)

37