Name

: Ema Nur Rahmah

Class

: LT3E

No

: 09

Resistor

Definition of resistor
Resistors are electronic components that can inhibit electric current in the
electronic circuit. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust
signal
levels,
to
divide
voltages, bias active
elements,
and
terminatetransmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can
dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as
a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity,
force, or chemical activity.

Symbols of Resistor

 Types of Resistor
Based on resistance value, we can classify resistor into 3 types :
1. Fixed Resistor
Fixed resistor has constan value of resistance, which all of that was setted
by EIA (Electronic Industries Association). The standaritation of value of
resistance called in E6, E12, and E24. Fixed value resistor used for
electronics circuit for barrier current in a circuit. Fixed resistor can found in
metal film resistor, carbon resistor, and metal oxide resistor.
2. Variable Resistor
Variable resistor has value of resistance can be changed. There are many
kind of variable resistor but Potensiometer or trimpot is the most used for
variable resistor. Potensiometer can changed the value of resistance with
rotating the axis with screwdrawer. Commonly, variable resistor used for
voltage divider that we can use for control volume amplifier, tone control and
many more.
3. Non Linier Resistor
Non Linier Resistor has value of resistance that dependent with state in
area. This matter caused by temperature, pressure, light etc. Example LDR
(Light Dependent Resistor) the resistance will change if struck wight the
light, Thermistor the resistance will change if temperature struck that divided
into 2 PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) and NTC (Negative
Temperature Coefficient), Strain Gage the resistance will change if pressure
struck that, etc.
Based on material used, we can classify resistor into 3 types :
1. Wirewound Resistor
Wirewound resistor is resistor that made from wire entanglemented. So, the
value of resistance determined by long of wire that entanglemented. This
resistor commonly made for high power.

2. Carbon Resistor
The main material is carbon charcoal rod. Ths resistor is most sold and most
use for every one. In this resistor, we can know the power capacity like 1/16
Watt, 1/8 Watt, 1/4 Watt, 1/2 Watt, 1 Watt, 2 Watt dan 3 Watt.
3. Metal Film Resistor
The main material is metal oxide. This resistor has better characteristic than
other with lower tolerance like 1% or 2%. This resistor has physical form like
carbon resistor just different color and value of color ring in resistor. And
metal film resistor also have low power like 1/8, and watt and commonly
used for measuring, industrial and military.
Characteristic of resistor
1. Series resistor circuit

2. parallel resistor circuit

Functions of resistor
1. To inhibit electric current

2.
3.
4.
5.

As voltage devider
As current devider
to lower the voltage as required by electronic circuits.
to generate high frequency and low frequency with the help of transistor
and capacitor (capacitor).

Application of Resistor
As a current divider

In this application we can know the value of current that flow in the R1 or R2.
If we want to know the value of current that flows in the R1. We use formula :
I1 =

R2
R 1+ R 2

.I

I2 =

R1
R 1+ R 2

.I

Example of the resistor application as a current divider is for LED

Function of resistor in the LED is to limit the current. The resistor values should be in
accordance with the maximum current that may be passed by the LED, so that the
LED is not damaged. Teh value of resistor that installed should be same so the light
of LED is same and distribution of current to the load is balanced.

Symbols of resistor :

Types of
Based on value of

Based on
1. Wirewound resistor

2. Carbon Resistor

3. Metal Film Resistor

resistor
resistance

material
used :

 Characteristic of resistor
1. Series resistor circuit

2. parallel resistor circuit

Application of Resistor
As a current divider

I1 =

R2
R 1+ R 2

.I

I2 =

R1
R 1+ R 2

.I