THE

F L O R A H O M CE O P A T H I C A ;
O R,

Ellutrunn z

E mignn

un h
OF

TH E

M E DI C I NA L P L AN T S USE D A S HOMGIOPATHIC RE M E DI ES

BY

E DWARD HAMIL TON

M E M BE R

OF

T HE

BR I T I SH

H O SP I T A L

T WO

IN

BA I L L I E R E

ON

WM

P H YS I C I A N

E T C

E T C

T HE

T O

ST R E E T

YO R K

(U

S)

D I N B UR G H :

G E O R G E A L L SH O R N
L I VE R P O O L

AN C

T H O M P SO N

1 85 2

HE ER
ST

AN D

H E A D L A N D, 1 5 , P R I N C E S S T R E E T , H A N O VE R

L O N DO N

GE N T

2 90, B R O A DW A Y, N E

D ON

RE

2 1 9,

V O L UM E

VOL 1

SO C I E T Y

H O M CE O P A T H I C

H O M CE O P A T H I C

MD

S QU A R E

T UR N E R

Wi t
Th

h d

I rn p r i n t s

of

an

at u r e o n

d ff
i

me sh e t au g

o so

t th

e
ot

Sh

l ed

h h
Of h b

at

er

D r aw

o er val es an

e al i n
s an

fo

tu

h di t i l l i
,

s.

mi n

fb

a r

of

ic

mou n t ai n s

or

th

th

by t h

er s

e sw ell s

d o wer s ;

I n b al my t e ar

Vi r

wi se i n t en t

p ecu l i ar

t b i as

er en

at

to

t en
th

h
h d

e Sp

er e s ,

an

expl or e
er v ei n s

b eams

fr om t h e cli ft ed

r in

of

mor n

A KE

LON D N

H O M A S H A R R I L D , P R I N T E R , SI L VE R S
F AL C O N

S Q UA R E

N SI D E

RE E

TO

F R E DE R I C K F OS T E R QUI N

mt I f

m
a

BOTH F OR HIS

O R K

IT H FE E L IN G S
WORTH

E SQ
.

m
E ri lj Hum
unat yi r Sm
it h !,
E TC

T H I S

E TC

I S

OF

E TC

DE

IC

A TE D

E ST EEM A N D R EGA R D

AS A F RIE N D, AN D F OR HI S VAL UABL E LABOUR

IN PROMUL GATI N G

THE DOC TRI N ES OF H AH N E M ANN

I COUN T R Y

IN TH S

P RE F AC E

d er t aki n g t h e pu b l i c a t i on of t h e pr esen t w or k t h e
I n t h e r st pla ce
A u t h or i s a c t u at e d by a d ou b l e mo t i v e
h e con si d er s t h a t t h e a c t u al po si t i on of t h e c au s e h e ad vo
IN

un

at es

d er s i t most d esi r ab l e t h at t h

r en

h o moeopat h y

a cc ou n t

or

sh o u

ld

h i st or y

Of

be i n
th

o sse ssi on

p
medi ci n

es e

a
th

ose u se d

in

ki n d

of

d elet er i ou
Th i s

fr e qu en

in t h e

of

of

so

all opat h i c Sch o ol b ot h as

a h i g h ly poi son ou s n at u r e an d
t o t h e h u man fr ame
,

me
an

re

lar

d, i n t h

er s on s en

p
med i ci n

i n t er est e d i n

os e

mploy ed ;

d plac e b ec au se a g r e a t n u mb er
mi st ak en n o t i on t h at h omceopat h i c

se c on

t er t ai n

ay

es v r

fr o m

b ei n g di ffer en t
t h er efor e most

fo u n ded pr eju di ce, t h e A u t h or r eg r et s t o n d i s

t ly pr o mu lg at ed an d h el d i n t er r or em over t i mi d
u n

n y me di c al o
m
a
n en t s W h o t h u s en d ea vou r
o
p
pp
t o di scou r ag e an d s u ppr ess a sy s t em of pr ac t i ce con t r ar y t o

er son s

t h ei r

men t
be

by

b
b
i
n t i mi d a t i on r a t h er t h a n
i
n i on s
y
y
p
I t i s h oped t h at t h e er r or of t h ese c on c l u si on

O Wn
.

ar g u
s w i ll
t h at t h e me di

ma de appar en t

an

d t h at i t wil l b e pr ov ed
t h e s ame as t h o se a d opt e d b y

t
h
e
l
y
p
n en t s o f h omceo at h
o
o
r om t h e
a
n
d
h
r
d
i
t
h
e
r
f
a
t
e
e
e
pp
p
y
g
s u r fa ce O f t h e ear t h
or ext r a ct e d fr o m i t s i n t er i or r ecesse s ;
b u t wi t h t h i s g r e a t di ffer en ce t h a t i n h o moeopat h y t h ey
r e ar e d t h a t n o mi st ak e c an
ar e SO
d
n
a
r
r
h
e
m
e
r
en
d
e
t
p p
g
t h ei r a c t i on
ou s i n
wh en
t h r o u g h w an t o f coi n ci d en ce
ci n es

ar e

r eci se

v ii i

P RE FA C E

wit h

th

di s ease

th

y fai l t o pr o d u c e b en e t ; wh i le i n
t h e pr a c t i ce of allopa t h y t h e c ar el es sn ess O f a ch emi c al pr e
e

ar at i on

th

ig n

or

an c e

th

or

ou

h
t
l
e s sn
g

e ss o

a ssi st an t

an

mo st lamen t ab l e an d d an
er on s
n d l et i t b e r ememb er ed t h a t a l l me di ci n es i n
A
g
lar g e d oses act poi son ou sly u pon t h e h u man sy st em
mo di e d by i di osyn cr asy an d o t h er c au s es fr om c o mmon
i r r i t at i on o f t h e memb r an es t o u l c er at i on par aly si s an d
may pr o d u ce

th

co n se u en c es

d e at h
In
h

ar r a n g i n g

ad s

th

Au th

r act er st i cs

th

e n o t i c es

or

of

v
i
en
g

as

2 n d , i t s h i st or y ,

e ch

n t
la
p

1 st

as

w ell

u n

d er d i ffer en t
ch a

i t s b o t an i c al
as

th

u ses

of

th

allopat h i c pr act i ce for t h e pu r po se of compar i son

3r d a b o t a n i c al an d g en er al d escr i pt i on t o i d en t i fy t h e
4
h
h
s eci es
t
t
e
o r a h i c al d i s t r i b u t i o n
e
an d l oc al i
p
g g p
acc or d i n g t o t h e la t es t
t i es as far as t h ey ar e k n o wn
au t h or s 5 t h t h e ph y si olog i cal effect s on man an d an i
mal s ; a mo st i mpor t an t St u dy i n con n ect i on w i t h o u r
i n ve st i g a t i on O f t h e pat h o g en et i c e ffect s o f medi ci n e on t h e
h u man o r g an i sm
6 t h t h e pa r t s of t h e plan t u se d an d
t h e mo d e O f pr epar a t i on
7 t h t h e g en er al u ses of t h e
l
a
n t h o mceo at h i cal l
c on si d er e d
an d fr om H ah n e man n s
p
p
y
u sefu l an d i n st r u c t i v e r emar k s mu ch
v al u ab le kn o wl ed g e
may b e g ai n ed
N o ack an d T r i n k s s cl i n i c al O b ser vat i on s
w i ll b e fou n d i n t er es t i n
h
i
n co m a r i n
t
e v a r i ou s di se a se s
g
g
p
for w h i ch ea ch d r u g h as b een g i ven u n d er t h e di ffer en t
s y s t e ms o f me d i c i n e
T h e A u t h or g la d l y s ei z es t h i s o cc a si on t o O ffer h i s
cor di al t h an k s t o t h o s e k i n d fr i en d s w h o h av e a ss i st e d
h i m i n t h e i ll u s t r a t i on s o f h i s w o r k b o t h as r e g a r d s t h e
o r i i n al d r a w i n
s an d t h e l i t h o r a h i c e xecu t i on
To M r
g
g
g p
in

n t
la
p

P R E FA C E
K i ppi s t t h
,

li b r ar i an

of

th

ix

Li n n ean S oci et y

h is t h

an k s

al
y
l
d
u e fo r t h e ki n d an d ef c i en t ai d h e h as
p
i
v
en t o w a r d s t h e n ec ess ar y i n v est i g a t i on s
g
I n commi t t i n g h i s w or k t o t h e pr ess t h e A u t h or i s
s en si bl e t h at h e h as t o ask i n du l g en ce for fr e qu en t er r o r s
ar i si n g fr om t h e man y I n t er r u pt i on s an d
an d o mi s si on s
con i c t i n
i
n t er es t s of an
a
r du ou s
r o fes si on
an d w h i ch
g
p
H e h as ai me d
h e h opes w i ll b e a d mi t t e d i n h i s exc u s e
W i t h W h a t d e g r ee o f su c cess o t h er s c an b est d et er mi n e t o
i n t r o du ce t o t h e pu b l i c an d e speci al ly t h e pr ofessi o n al

ar e es

eci

mi n d h i s vi ew s
su

bject

W h il e h

c on n ec t i on

in

is

v er y

u st c e

to th

th

Th

Au th

or

mo st i n t er est i n g

th is

on

wi t h

di t d en t

me

as

th

st u

t o h is

dy
c

an

of

d i n st r u c t i v e
o

moeopat h y ;

apab i li t i es

of

d oi n g

is

an xi ou s t o at t r ac t t h e at t en t i on O f ever y
h
i
so h i c al i n q u i r er aft er
l
S
h
o
ci en ce an d T r u t h
w
o w i ll
p
p
di sc over i n t h e pu r su i t o f t h i s br an ch o f st u d y u n b ou n d e d
su
e st i v en ess an d ev er ex a n di n
vi ew s o f C r e at i v e Wi s
gg
p
g
d o m w h i ch h as t h u s con ceal ed i n t h e u n a ssu mi n g an d
oft en
u n at t r a ct i v e for ms of t h e
la
n t s b en ea t h
ou r fe et
p
ma n y o f i t s di vmest secr e t s Th ese can b e d eveloped on ly
b y pat i en t an d lab or i ou s r esear ch
L et u s t h en c on t i n u e
w i t h u n ab at e d ar d ou r t o pen et r a t e mor e an d mor e d eeply
T h e r ew ar d i s cer
i n t o t h e b en e c en t ar c an a O f Nat u r e
t ai n ; fo r W h a t co n s c i ou sn es s c an b e so g r at i fyi n g as t h at
o f su cces s
i n a d di n g t o ou r t r e a su r y n ew mean s o f en
h
c ou n t er i n
t
h
b
a
k
t
e
e D e mon O f Di s ea se an d b r i n i n
c
g
g g
A n g el of H eal t h !
e

ON D ON

M ay

1852

I N T R O DUC T I O N

BO T A N Y

an

ver y an ci en t

mor e

r t i cu lar ly
a
p

th

M e di cal B ot an

is

of

applyi n g plan t s for

medi ci n al pu r poses h avi n g i t i s sai d or i g i n at e d wi t h t h e
C h al d e a n s (t h e pr i est s o r l ear n ed men o f Ba byl on i a) w h o
fr om t h ei r e ar li est y ou t h d ev o t ed t h emsel v es t o t h e exami
n at i on of t h e law s o f Nat u r e an d Wh o ma d e t h e st u dy o f
t h e pr oper t i es of plan t s a vai lab le fo r r eli evi n g t h e d i sea ses
o f man ki n d
Th i s k n o w led g e w as t r an smi t t ed b y t h em t o
t h e E g ypt i an s fr om wh om i t de scen d e d t o t h e G r e ek s
an d for a lon
t
i
e r emai n e d i n
h
m
t
e h an d s o f t h e
r
i
e st s
g
p
of t h e myt h ol o i c al
o d of me d eci n e
fE scu l api u s ; t o
g
g
t h em w e mu st a scr i b e t h e r st d a wn o f b ot a n i c al s ci en ce
T h ei r d oc t r i n es h ow ev er w er e mo st c on fu sed
i n G r eece
T h ey su ppo sed t h at v eg e t ab le su b st an c es
an d ab su r d
h ad sen t i en t so u ls desi r es an d W i sh es an d wer e c apab l e
T h ey w er e follo w ed
o f exper i en ci n g pl e asu r e an d pai n
by P yt h ag or as an d h i s di sci ples on e O f W h o m E mpe
d ooles t h e S i ci li an ev en d ec lar ed t h at h e h i msel f h ad
b een on ce a sh r u b t h en a bi r d t h en a sh an d la st ly a
man
B u t li t t l e pr o g r e ss w as ma d e u n t i l t h e i n cr ea si n g
su ffer i n
s co n sequ en t
u on
t
h
vi ola t i on
O f t h e si m l e
e
p
g
p
r u les of ou r
r i mi t i ve for efat h er s i n d u ce d ma n y of t h e
p
G r eek ph i lo soph er s t o t u r n t h ei r at t en t i on t o an d en d ea
vou r t o i n cr e a se an d i m r ove t h e me a n s w h i ch h ad b een
p
A n e w er a h ow ev er co r n
h an d e d d o w n t o t h em
men ced wi t h H i ppo cr at es t h e F a t h er o f me d i ci n e
or i

i
n
g

r st i d ea

of

xi i

IN

th

H omer

men t s w i t h
r

at es

wh

i ch

h i s pr o fessi o n

ma d e

H e r st

eX per i

me di ci n al plan t s (of w h i ch h e en u me
dr e d an d t h i r t y) on t h e h u man fr ame

di ffer en t

t wo

of

TR O DU C TI ON

un

t
t
en d e d t o i n c r ea se h i s k n o w l e d e
a
l
y
an d b
g
g
y
t h e O b ser v at i on s d ed u ce d fr o m t h em h e w as su ppo sed n ot
on ly t o h a v e b e en
able t o pr o l on g t h e li ves of ot h er s b u t
re

h is

y ear s

at h er

di ed

th

at

th

P h i losoph

an li ve

at i on s,

wh

g
Of

Tr uth

mi n d

"

'

an

un

t o h i m wh

i n d eb t ed t o t h

r st

dr e d

d b o dy

di sappoi n t ed i n h i s

en

w e w er e

g
b o t an

er o f

e of on e

e a

fr ee fr o m all d i sor d er s

To th
r

for h

o wn ;

an

in

h i mself

t i c i n

vest i

i n t r o du ct i on

ki ll ed

sci en

y as a ph i lo soph i cal sci en ce H i s Vi ew s an d i d eas w er e

mor e fu lly follo we d ou t b y h i s di sci ple Th eoph r a st u s wh o
a
ve a fu l l a c cou n t o f all pla n t s k n ow n i n h i s t i me ; i n h i s
g
(D
h
e en u mer a t es ab ou t ve h u n dr e d
w or k
g
g
n
h
i
t
e s ame n a me
s eci es al l me di c i n al b u t O ft en
a
l
y
g
p
pp
t o plan t s t ot ally di ssi mi lar i n t h ei r b o t an i c al an d ph y si o
l og i cal ch ar act er s H e pai d g r eat at t en t i on t o t h e ph y si o
l og y of plan t s an d w as aw ar e of t h e d iffer en ce of t h e
exo en o u s an d en d o g en ou s or mon oc ot y l e d on s an d d i co
g
.

71 5 :

u r an !

t ar o t a s ,

s Of

th

mo der n

al so aw ar e t h at n u t r i
t i on w as c on vey e d t o plan t s by t h e l eaves
We n ext come
t o Di osco r i d es t h e C i li ci an w h o li v e d i n t h e t i me o f N er o ;
h e en u mer at e d ab ou t Si x h u n dr e d plan t s an d P l i n y t h e
el d er i n cr e a sed t h e n u mb er t o o n e t h ou s a n d
H e h ow
e v er a ckn o w l ed g ed t h at t h er e w er e man y mor e u n d escr i b ed
r ob ab ly w ou l d b e fo u n d u s efu l for me di ci n al
an d w h i ch
p
T
h
en c a me t h e al mo s t c o m l et e a n n i h i la t i o n o f
u r o s es
p
p p
t h e sci en ces b y t h e b a r b ar i an i n r o a d s i n t o ci v i li z ed E u r ope
t y l e d on

H e w as

A r i st ot l e , w h

c au se of

th

dr o w n

u x an d

r e

ed

h i ms el f

u x of

th

e cau se

w at er s i n t h

e co u

ld

n ot

u r i pu s

di s cover t h

IN

TR O D U C TI O N

xi i i

mai n ed sou g h t r efu g e i n A si a ; an d we

n d b ot an i c al w r i t i n g s w i t h ot h er s on n at u r al h i s
O r i b a si u s E t i u s P au l u s
t or y i n t h e w or k s of G alen
n
t
h
o se o f t h e A r ab i an
i
h
la
y
er
si c i an s
t
i
n et a
an d
p
n
A b en M esn e S er api on R h az es A vi cen n a et c t h ey ar e
h ow ever c h i e y t r an scr i pt s fr o m t h e e ar li er w r i t i n g s O f
H i ppo cr a t es T h eoph r a st u s an d Di oscor i d es
I t i s melan ch oly t o look b ack u pon t h e st at e of
E u r ope d u r i n g t h e per i o d wh i ch h as b een ju st ly d en o
mi n at ed t h e d ar k ag es A di smal g loom en v eloped t h e
w h ol e o f t h e c i vi l i z ed w or l d ; i g n or an ce s u per st i t i o n an d
b ar b ar i srn t yr an n i z ed o v er l ear n i n g an d g en i u s kn o wl ed g e
sear ch i n
k
a
of an
i
n d w as t o b e a c q u i r e d on ly b
m
on
y
y
g
g
t h e r u b b i sh O f sch ool s an d mon a st er i es ; fab u l ou s le en d s
g
su
l
i
ed t h e
c
e of t r u t h
n d t h e d ece t i o n s of a cr aft y
la
a
pp
p
p
r i est h oo d d eb a s ed
at t h e same t i me t h ey en slav e d t h e
p
mi n d s O f men
D u r i n g t h i s l on g an d mel an ch oly c ou r se
of y e ar s
t h e few sc at t er ed wr i t i n g s t h at appear e d o n
r o d u c t i o n s of t h e mon k s an d
n at u r al h i st or y w er e t h e
p
co mpi l ed fr om t h e O l d au t h or s b u t even t h ese w er e c lo ak e d
i n an al mo st u n i n t el li g ib l e jar g on an d i t w as n o t t i ll t h e
mi d dle o f t h e si xt een t h cen t u r y t h at t h e s u n of sci en ce
ag ai n b u r st t h i s t h i ck clou d an d sh ed i t s r ay s u pon t h e
h
s
t
t
i
er i o d
b
A
o t an y w h i ch w as ex
n or t h o f E u r o e
p
p
i
n t h e s ame s t at e as t h e an c i en t s l eft i t c o u l d n o t b e
ac t l
y
co n si d er e d an y t h i n g mor e t h an a c at al o g u e or l i st of n ames
h
h
o f ab ou t on e t h ou s an d
la
n t s ; for al t h ou
t
e an ci en t s
g
p
w er e g r eat O b ser v er s t h ey di d n o t mak e mu ch u se O f t h ei r
ob s er va t i on s
T h ey l ook ed at n at u r e r at h er w i t h t h e ey e
i
l
v
n
t
h
e r ei n s
O f t h e poet t h an t h e
h
o so h er ; an d o n
i
i
g
g
p
p
t o i mag i n at i on w er e t o o po wer fu lly ch ar med wi t h h er mo r e
t h at

A ll

re

xi v

IN

i ki n g b eau t y an d
a
n t i n ves t i at i on
i
t
e
g
p

st r

ob ser ve d

b ot an i c al
h

en
,

t h at

th

we
wh

th

th

e c u ses of

e effec t s

a cal m
wh

an

i ch t h ey

o f Ber n e, i n
y
h
si c i a n
p
i n d eb t ed for t h e r evi val of

ar e

th

en

wor l d

p
li v e d ab ou t t h

w as t h

Br u n fel s ,

to

sci en c e ,

on

b li mi t y t o d escen d t o

S wi t z er lan d
for t h

of

i s, t h

It

su

TR O D U C TI ON

aft er

lear n i n g ag ai n sh on e
h
f
t
e d ar k a es ;
er
i
o
d
o
p
g
of

li g h t
th

b eg i n n i n g of t h e si xt een t h cen t u r y, an d
r st per son w h o r epr esen t ed t h e g u r es O f plan t s
e

ame t i me li ved
G esn er an d soon aft er t h e c el eb r at ed n at u r ali st C aesal pi
e
H
n u s on e of t h e
r ofessor s of t h e U n i ver si t y o f P a du a
p
w as b or n at A r ezz o i n T u sc an y i n 1 5 1 9 ; h i s i n vest i
at i on s t h r ew
st r u ct u r es
h
e
a
l
a
l
r
e
t
i
v
e
t
b
e
h
t
u
o
n
e
g
g
g
g
p
w as t h e r st b o t an i st w h o en d eavou r ed t o cla ssify la n t s
p
an d d emon st r at e t h ei r differ en t sexes alt h ou h
t
h
i
s lat t er
g
fact h ad b een h i n t ed at by t h e an ci en t s
H e w as
foll o we d by J u n g i u s wh o di e d i n 1 6 5 7 ; an d t h en c ame
M or i son an d aft er h i m t h e cel eb r at ed Joh n R ay b or n i n
1 6 28 at Black Not l ey i n E ssex h i s fat h er b ei n g t h e
b lack smi t h of t h e vi llag e
H i s w or k s sh o w t h e most
lab or i ou s r esear ch an d i n h i s
H i st or i a P l an t ar u m

en
er al i s
i
s
i
v
n
l
o
t
n
i
r
n
a
k
a
al
l
a
e
a
l
w
w
o
f
b
c
e
t
h
n
t
as
o
n
g
g
i n g at t h at t i me
H aller d esi g n at ed h i m as t h e g r e at est
b o t an i st i n t h e memor y of man
T o h i m su cceeded G r ew
i n t h i s cou n t r y an d M alpi g h i on t h e C on t i n en t w h o se
s l en di d i n v est i a t i on s an d exami n at i on s of t h e st r u ct u r e
p
g
n t s ar e al mo st
of
la
q
all
T
a
a
a
u
n
e
d
u
e
n
h
e
c
m
C
m
e
r
p
e
r i u s t o Wh o m t h e h o n o u r i s d u e o f r st di scov
d
er i n
an
g
r
o vi n
b
e
x
er
i
m
e n t s t h e exi s t en c e o f t h e s exes o f
p
g
y
p
n
t
s
H e w as fo ll o we d b y T ou r n efor t t h e cel eb r a t ed
la
p
by

mean s

of

w oo d cu t s

th

A b ou t

IN

F r en ch
b or n

t er pr i si n g

en

li mat e

of

ar e

i
on
g

i
en
v
g

re

A l ps

at lea der

ce ,

in

to

al l

an

th

d P yr en

ee s ,

an

of

es

th

l
h ar dy fr a me

o se

th

by

ri

th

an

o r ou s

d t o wh

faci li t i es

sc i en ce

sch oo

F r en ch

b est b o t an i c al d escr i pt i on

b r an c h

of

1 6 5 6 , wh

A t t h i s t i me, w i t h

XV

ma d e h i m d espi se

i
r it
p

i n d eb t ed for t h

re

in

th

P r ove n

A i x, i n

at

an

b ot an i st , t h

T R O DU C T I O N

we

Of

th

os e

d i mpet u s

i mpr o v emen t

t
r an s
a
v
h
n
t
h
e
n
i
s
o
e
f
or
t
h
g
p
g
c en d en t
i
s w on d er fu l
a
L
en i u s o f t h e
u s
H
r
e
t
i
n
n
a
e
g
g
mi n d g ave a n ew a spect t o ev er y b r an ch of t h e st u dy of
h
i
s
n at u r al h i s t or y
an d mo r e
a
T
r t i c u la r ly t o b o t a n y
p
r e a t n a t u r ali st
w
h
e
r o v i n ce o f
a
l
t
n
as
b
h
u
t
i
or
n
a
t
R
s
g
p
S malan d i n S w eden i n t h e y ear 1 7 07 ; h i s fami ly n ame
w as L i n d el i u s s u
o
se d t o h ave i t s or i g i n fr o m a famou s
pp
li n d en t r ee w h i ch g r ew i n t h e n ei g h b ou r h o o d O f t h e
fami ly r esi d en ce
H e was v er y e ar ly i mb u ed wi t h t h e
lo ve of b o t an y b u t t h e di splay of h i s ext r aor di n ar y
a bi li t i es li ke t h o se of man y o t h er i llu st r i ou s men d e
en d e d u on
O
f
o
c
i
n
d
c
s
a
c
i
d
n
r
h
k
e
a
n
e
t
a
d
b
u
t
f
o
t
e
f
p
p
h
si ci an o f t h e n a me O f R ot h ma n
y
t h ose o f Li n n aeu s wo u l d
p
h av e b een for ever su ppr esse d h i s fat h er h avi n g felt so
mu ch di sappoi n t men t w i t h h i s ear li er st u di es t h at h e c on
s i d er e d h i m on ly t for a t r a d es man
d h im t o
an d d est i n e
b e a sh oemake r
T h e po v er t y of L i n n aeu s ob li g ed h i m t o
st r u
n d
e wi t h
e
r
s
a
l
r
a
n
h
e
a
r
l
i
er
y
a
e
t
h
a
r
d
s
h
i
s
i
i
s
p
gg
g
w h en st u dyi n
at U s al h e w as
la
o w e ar t h e c a st O ff
d
t
g
g
p
cl ot h e s o f h i s fell o w st u d en t s an d men d e d h i s o w n
sh oes
w i t h t h e b ar k o f t r ees an d i t w as owi n g t o t h e ki n d
n e ss O f t h e l a dy w h o a ft er w ar d s b ec ame h i s w i fe t h at h e
co u l d r ai se t h e mon ey w h i ch en ab l ed h i m t o
r a d u at e at
g
rin

tin g

an

en

L ey den

S i n ce

th

t i me

of

Li n n aeu s

th

e r efor e ,

we

may

xvi

IN

mar k a r api d

TR O D U C TI O N

d pr o g r essi v e mo v emen t i n t h e sci en c e o f

b ot an y , u n t i l i t h as r e ach e d a posi t i on equ al , i f n ot su pe
r i or , t o al mo st al l ot h er b r an ch es of n at u r al h i s t or y
An d
an

wh

en

n d

we

su ch

S ch r eb er , Jac qu i n

ames

H all er , R u mph i u s , fE d er ,

as

B er g i u s , R ei n h

ldt

F or s t er w h o

ai l ed
M i ll er

C apt ai n C ook , Ju ssi eu , S i r Joseph Ban k s ,

D r y an d er , G aer t n er , Si r J E S mi t h , Wi t h er i n g , Wi l d en o w
H u mb o l dt , R oxb u r g h Decan d ol l e , L i n d l ey R Br o wn ,
w it h

may ju st ly b e pr ou d of t h e
w h i ch i n c lu d es su ch men as i t s v o t ar i es
et c

et c

we

s ci en c e an

d st u d y

TO th

medi c al

st u

d en t

d pr ac t i t i on er a kn ow l ed g e of
t h o se apper t ai n i n g t o medi ci n e
an

r t i c u l ar l y
la
n ts
m
or e
a
p
p
H o w oft en may h e b e placed
i s o f t h e u t mo st i mpor t an ce
i n si t u at i on s wh er e su ch a kn ow l ed g e may n ot on ly b e of
t h e g r e at est a d van t ag e t o h i mself b u t o f t h e g r eat est
b en et t o h i s fello w men
By t h i s kn o wl ed g e h e c an s a ve
w h ol e ar mi es fr o m d est r u ct i on ; h e i s ab le t o ch oo se t h e
most salu b r i ou s si t u at i on s for t o wn s an d en c ampmen t s ;
h e c an at on ce d et er mi n e w h i ch plan t s ar e s alu t ar y an d
w h i ch ar e d elet er i ou s ; t h at t h e n at u r al famil i es of t h e
C r u ci fer ae R os ac eae M al vaceae L abi at ae ar e i n n ocu ou s
w h i lst t h e S ol an eae A pocy n eae R a n u n cu laceae an d P apa
i
w
oi son ou s
h
ch O f t h e U mb ell i fer ae
ver aceae ar e al most al l
p
an d b y
t
h
i
s k n ow l edg e
ar e i n u r i ou s ;
ar e e di b l e wh i ch
j
h e i s en ab l ed t o di st i n g u i sh t h e h ar ml ess w eed fr om t h at
w h i ch i s a d e a dly poi son
,

C L A S S I F I C A T I O N OF PL AN T S

WH E N
th

w er

ey

so

s ci en ce

d esc r i

me met h o d

o t h er s
ve

Th

w as i n

g et a l e s ,

ed or

e oph r ast u s ,

may

th

pon

co

es

i n t o t r e es

mmon

few pl an t s w er e O ser v ed
r t i cu l ar ar r an g emen t ; or i f
ou t an
a
y p
mer el y e mpi r i cal an d o f l i t t l e u se t o
an d P l i n y
w h o r e spec t i v el y t r eat ed O f
d wh

an

en

be

u st l y

r e ec t e

a s sy st e

in

poin

mat i st s ; an d w e may
at Z u r i c h i n 1 5 1 6
a s t h e r st w h o d emo n st r at e d t h a t
fr o m t h e ow er s an d fr u i t w er e mo st t o b e d epen d e d

e al s o

bl

v e g et a

D i os c or i d e s

er e for e

r ac t er s

i t w as

ad opt e d ,

w as

or n
pl ac e G ess n e r ,
t h e ch ar ac t er s dr aw n
u

i t s i n fan cy ,
t r e at e d w i t h

t ed

ou

t th

at

T o hi m

an

d h

er

c er

t ai n

d par t i cu l ar ch a
h e d i s t in g u i sh e d
an d
s
i
n g sh r u
g

o sse s s e

r ou

g
p p
su ccee d e d C a
e s al pi n u s :
; w i t h t h e f o r mer ar r an

ffr u t i c ose pl an t s
H e n ext d i v i d e d e ach o f t h ese ; t h e
r st i n t o t w o cl as s es, t h e l ast i n t o t h ir t een ac c or di n g t o t h e fr u i t an d
H is
s i t u at i o n
o f t h e em r y o
I n 1 6 8 0 M o r i s on off er e d a n ew sy s t e m
s e c t i o n s or sec on d ar
an d ar e t ak e n fr om t h e
i
d
v i si o n s ar e 1 0 8 i n n u m er
y

wi t h

th

l at t er

su

g u r e an d su b st an ce O f t h e fr u i t t h e n u mb er o f
t h e g u r e of t h e r o ot t h e di r ec t i on o f t h e s t em
,

pal s , an d pet al s
c ol ou r o f t h e o w er

s e e d s, s e

th

pl ace o f g r ow t h , an d o n e fr om t h e me di c al v i r t u e s o f s ome o f t h e pl an t s
t h at c ompo s e i t
I n 1 68 2 R ay pr e po s e d h i s me t h o d : h e ma d e t h i r t y v e
th

d i st i n g u i sh i n g mar k s of s ome O f w h i ch w er e d er i v e d fr om t h e
ext e
r n al appear an ce ; o f o t h er s fr om a
g r e at er or l e s s per fe c t i on o f
t s, fr om t h ei r pl ace o f g r ow t h , t h e n u m er O f see d s fr u i t s p et al s,

c l ass es

bi t

th

th

or

pl an
s epal s

or

o f e ach

o w er

or

fr om t h

e n at u r e o f

th

fr u i t

in

or

or e s c en c e

T h ey w er e as f oll ow s I H er bs 1 S u mar i n es or sea pl an t s i n

cl u d i n g Z o oph y t e s an d C o r al s
2 Fun gi
3 M u s ci , i n cl u di n g H epat i c ae
4L C apil l ar es or F er n s
an d L i ch en s
5 A pet al ou s pl an t s compr eh en di n g ,
.

mal i es t h e g en u s E qu i set u m 6 P l an i pet al ae or t h ose

w i t h s emi o s cu l ose c ompou n d o w er s c o r r e spo n di n g t o t h e C i ch or aceae o f
Ju ssi eu 7 Di sc oi d eae c on t ai n i n g su ch of t h e C or y mbifer ae o f Ju ssi eu as

mon

o t h er

an o

av e a

ph al ec

o w er s

th

ppu s

p
of

Ju ssi eu

C api t at es

bu t

mor e

ext en si ve ,

l l e ct ed i n t o

at ar e co

di n g pr i n c i pal l y t o t h e C y n ar o c e
an d i n cl u di n
u l ar
al l
n t s wit h t u
l
a
g
p

c or r e s po n

a scal y

in

v ol u cr u

or

mbi fer ae s i mil ar

,

mo der n b ot an i st s b u t l i mi t e d t o t h e spe ci e s w i t h ou t a pappu s

1 0 G y mn O mon o sper mes or su ch a s w er e su ppo s e d t o h av e on e n ak ed
t o t h i s b el on g s Val er i an a an d A r mer i a an d b y s ome u n h appy
s ee d ;
c h an ce
T h al i c t r u m
1 1 Umb ell i fe r ae
1 2 S t el l at ae c or r espon d i n g t o
to th

ose O f

Th

i s t ak en

f ol l o wi n g a r i d g e d ac c o u n t o f t h e d i ff er en t n at u r al an d ar t i ci al

fr om A m o t t s I n t r o d u c t i on t o B o t a n y an d L i n d l ey s Veg e t a bl e n

y st ems
d om

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N

xv i i i
f th

on e O

th

bi

Ju ssi eu

of

at a
e

s er mi a
i
o
p
g

an

t i cil l at a

er

L in

of

n a u s

th

at o or
o
t
p

th

at

15

or

d passi on o w er s
as

ad a

n a

wi t h

o se

an

A s per i fol i ae

mi a

d D i dy

an

13

man y appar en t l y n ak e d s ee d s as R an u n cu l u s
16 P o
an d A l i sma ; a mo st u n n at u r al as s emb l ag e
fr u i t of wh i ch r e s embl e d an appl e a n d amon g t h es e t h e g ou r d s

P ol y sper mae or t h
DT al v a P o t en t il l a

mi fer ze

R u i ac e ae

e s ec t i o n s O f

PL A N T S

O F

17

par ag u s

B a c ci fe r ae

18

l t i sil i qu

sev er al

t ly

o f appar e n

fr u i t

y h
su ch

ae ,

po d s

as

19

b wi t h b
Aq il gi

er

ev er

or

er r

a an

d S e d u m,

D i t r i pc t al ae

t ai n i n g

c on

e t h er

wh

21
i
i
al l
l
a b u t s ee mi n g l y n o t u n d er s t o o d b y R ay h i msel f
n
c
i
l
an
d
s
i
T
p
p y
T et r ape t al ae, w i t h ei t h er a l on g or a sh or t po d ; n o t , h o w ev er con n e d t o
er o n i c a E u ph o r i a P l an
t h e C r u ci fer a o f u ss i eu , b u t compr eh en di n g
23
t ag o , e t c
2 2 P api l i on ac eae or L eg u mi n o s ae, i n cl u di n g F u mar i a
r

t ape t al ae,

en

th

wi t h

os e

mon
e

th

25

mon

th

or

G r ami n i foli ae,

A

n o

mal e ae

r e d u ci

n ot

II

al s o

mi n

fe r ou

i fer es , t h

ow er

on

wi t h

fr u i t

th

An

s,

mal ae

M o st
30 t h

E l m, t h

er

e ar i n

au

th

d t h ei r

as

es e

all

N y mph

A p o cy

r aea,

m O xali s

n u

mu ch

cl asse s ar e

c on

et c

by

se d

fu

i es

th

in

di n g t h
w h i ch t h

cl u

er r
y

o g et

es h

wh

ose

et c

R ay

th

er e

P al ms

fr u i t i s

ked t h

mass

fr u i t

29

n ev e r

th

on

fr u i t

or

an

Ju l i fer ae

par at e d fr om t h e
A men t a ce ce an d C O
,

tr

or

F ig

h e t er o g
to th

i le to

an

d t r ees i s

e xt r e

Of

th

31

f h is

e n eou s
e

b
an

ov e

an

Umb i l i
s et

32

or

tr

ee s

or

35

th

m of t h e
d P omi fer ze

ot

os ae ,

mi t t i n g
ar r an g e men t

mel y fau l t y

g at e d fr u i t s

el o n
e a

wi t h

ees

ee cl as s es , o

for m par t

S il i qu

cal l e d

se

th

as

o f s u ch

l y t h ir t y t h r

el e s s ,

s an

'

adh er e d

o w er

dr y

as ar e n o t r efer r

er

mer at e

A g g r eg at es

on e

pu l py

or

wi t h

ees

d P ol y g al a t h at w er e

an

r an

30

in

er

l eg u me fol l i cl e ,

o r s en u
,

P i pea,

a a,

d i vi d e d i n t o P r u n i fer ae, B ac ci fer ae,

tr

or

ac eee ,

Mu l

or

su ch

or

2 at h

R ay

separ at e s

an

pr i n
pl an t s

me t h o d h o w ev er b ei n g a g r eat appr oxi

t o a n at u r al o n e d e s er v e s mu ch pr ai s e ; an d w e b el i ev e i t w as t h e
o f t h e l at e S i r J E
S mi t h w h o w as w el l qu al i ed t o j u d g e t h at

w i se

pi n i o n

f th

i n fer i or ,

an

b u t w h i ch

mat i o n

bs

c o l l ec t e d

di v i si o n i n t o h

C I p al
ot

e se ar e ag ai n

b b

er

A r u n di n

th

an

co n

Va s c u l i fer ze
sh r u

an

mb i l i c at m

os e

d fr u i t

an

c at ae,

t ai n i n g t h o s e i n
o w e r ; u n d er w h i c h

A pet al ae,

st a

d th

y th
pr e sen t
r

2 8

mer at e d E

an

B u l b o s zr

bl e t o

r ees

2 3r d ,

ar e en u

1 9t h

or

i n cl u di n g a g r eat par t o f t h e
Ir i d ere 2 6
es , as L i l i a cea , A sph o d el i a , O r ch i d e ae, or
e
27
e
an d Ju n c e a
c ompr eh en di n g t h e G r asses C y p er ac e a

l ed on

o c ot y

C i s t u s, H y per i c u m 2 4 P en t apet al oi d eee o r

c or ol l a so d i v i d e d a s al mo st t o r e se m l e v e

u s,

opet al o u s

g w h i ch

b u t i n d eed t h
e au

D i an t h

as

mon

pe t al s ,

cl o s el y

al

l i ed

H is

R ay as a
T o p as s

i s t w as

o t an

ecl i ps e d

O v e r se ve r al O

b y fe w b u t L i n

f i n fer i or

n ot e,

we

co

n aeu s .

me

n ow

T ou r n efor t

T h is

d i s t i n g u i sh e d i n d i v i d u al w a s or n a t A i x i n P r o v en c e , i n 1 65 6
H e w as
P r o fessor o f B o t an y a t t h e J ar d i n d e s P l an t es o f P ar i s an d i n 1 7 00 w as
s e n t b y L o u i s X I V t o t h e L e v an t
H e t r av el l e d t h r ou g h G r e e c e, an d
s u r v ey e d t h e
o r d er s o f t h e B l a c k S ea an d t h e i sl an d s o f t h e A r c h i el a o ,
p
g
,

an

r et u r n e d

pe d i t i o n
t h e a r r an
.

by

man y

i s, w h

bl i

sh e d a n

i n t er e s t i n g a c cou n t O f h i s ex
B u t efo r e h i s d epar t u r e, h e h a d mad e k n ow n h i s n e w sy s t em o f

I n s t i t u t i on os R ei H er b ar i ac , i ll u s t r at ed
g e men t o f pl an t s i n h i s
t

ar

pl at es,

an

c on

er e

pu

t ai n i n g

d es c r i pt i on

of

6 88 g en

er a

an

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N
spe c i es ;

an

c at i o n

n e w c l as si

Th

d i t i s difcu l t t o

for t h

or

th

e c h ar a c t er s ar e

th

u s

d er i ve d

xi x

et h er h e d e s er v e s mo st h on o u r for h i s
w
h
y
at t e m t t o c h ar ac t er i se t h e g en er a an d spec i e s
p

sa

met h o d O f T ou r n e for t

PLA N T S

O F

mpo se d O f t w en t y
fr o m t h e c on si s t en c e

is
r st

co
,

t wo

d si z e o f t h

an

f w h i ch

c l asse s , O

e st e

d i vi d i n g v eg et a l e s i n t o h er s o r su ffr u t i c ose pl an t s an d sh r u s, or
t r ees i n w h i ch r es e c t h i s s st em i s su
ame fau l t as t h at o f
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
c
t
p
y
R ay , n o t wi t h s t an d i n g R i v i n u s , an i n t er v en i n g
o t an i st , h ad d emo n st r at e d

bj

th

e a

of

th

su r

di t y

d i v i si o n

t h i r d l y , fr o m t h e
i t e d i n t o a c ommon

l ar i t y

or

l ar i t y

H ER
1

l ow er

mon opet al ou s
w F l o w er s mon opet al ou s
w F l o w er s mon opet al ou s
e F l ow er s mon opet al ou s
e F l ow er s

S i mp l e

07

L i l i a c e ou

I n fu n

An

L a i at e

F l ow er s F l o s cu l ose

14

di

mal ou s

s,

An

er

ar

oph

in t h
th

Um

9t h

p
fr u i t

of

3r d
,

cl a s s ,

th

i r r eg u l

ar

e v en

th

mp own

ol

et a l s

S AN D

HRU

BS

e aft er
a

mon

r ee c el l s

e
,

er

ac eou s

m an omal ou s mean s

bu t

war d s
o

F l o w er s P apili on

cl ass ,

et al s , o r

el l at e

l 1t h

y l l ac eou

F l ow er s A pet al o u s
F l ow er s A pet al ou s, A men t ac eou

mal ou s

In th

ot at e

2 0 F l o w er s M on opet al ou
2 1 F l o w er s o s aceo u s
22

bs w i t h ou t P

TREE
19

fr om i t s

F l ow er s A pe t al ou s o r S t ami n i fer o u
1 6 F l ow er s a s en t , S ee d pr esen t
1 7 F l ow er s an d F r u i t i n v i s i l e

18

e c or oll a

3 H
15

d , ft h l y

l i fo r m an d

os ace ou s

F l ow er s R a di at e

fr om t h

co

or

S ol i t a r y

o s a ce ou s

s,

S emi os cu l o s e

an

i t ar y

r u c ifor

1 3 F l ow er

BS

2 F l ower
.

pet al s ;

sol

or

s en c e

Hp F l ow er s po l y pe t al ou
Hr F l ow er s pol y pe t al ou

12

mpl e

mpan i for m

R
R

m ; fo u r t h l y

'

w F l ow er s

r e s en ce o r

ar e

N D

a F l ow e r s pol y pet al ou s , C
F l o w er s pol y pet al ou s
s F l ow er s pol y pet al ou s,

si

U ER H RU

OR

BS

ei n

v ol u cr u

H i s c l as s e s

fr om t h

o f sev er al

i r r eg

or

mope t al ou s) or

o w er

in

dl y

s ec o n

e cor o l l a ;

p ou n d O r u n
ei n g o f o n e
r e u
g

o f s u ch

i r r eg u l ar b u t

A l il i ac eou s
papil i on a ceou s
e xpl ai n s t o b e a r e g u l ar c o r o l l a o f

n ot

pet al o u s o n e w i t h
T h e l 6 t h c on t ai n

si x
s

th

di v i si o n
e

s,

er n s ;

bu t
th

o w er

1 7t h

s i x or

al w ay s

l a i at e ;

n ot

th

as

th

in

r ee

av i n

g a
o t h er

C r y pt og ami a, w h i ch , h e s ay s w er e commo n l y d es t i t u t e O f ot h
o w er an d
fr u i t
S u ch w er e t h e t w e n t y t w o cl a ss es est a l i sh e d b y T ou r n e for t
E ac h
,

6 2

CL A S S I F IC A T I O N

XX

of

th

r st

si g

by

e s y st e

ms

wh

f w h i ch t h

mpl e an d
fr om man y o f

me an

n o

si

appe ar

d if c u l t i e s,

o t h er s

Th

s se c t i on s,

may

h t it

s i d er ab l e
an

t ai n

c on

et

d eci si v e

of

er

eas

1 22

it

r e fer en c e ,

e ch ar act er s

th

al l

in

er e ar e

ei n

an

st

d th

gh

i ll pr es en t s

mer el y

ou

n e

at

c on

g at i ve ,

ms al pi n u s

PL A N T S

OF

M or i son

R ay

T ou r

or

n efor

t , w er

W e n ow come t o t h e
mor e or l es s at t empt s at a n at u r al cl as si c at i on
ar t i ci al s s t em o f L i n n m
s t h e b asi s o f w h i ch r e s t s al mo s t e n t i r el y on t h e
u
y
mal e or g an s or st amen s ; an d w h er e n o sexe s c ou l d b e di st i n g u i sh e d h e
t er me d t h e pl an t s cr y pt o g amo u s an d assi g n e d t o t h em t h e 2 4t h cl as s o f
h i s ar r an g eme n t C r y pt o g ami a
H i s sy s t em i s as f ol l o ws
ll,

I
1

M on

an

dr i a ;

2 D i an dr i a ; t w o st amen

3 T r i an d r i a ; t h
.

en

t an d r i a ; ve

TE

E QU A L

AN D

exan

dr i a ;

12

th

on

e c al y

13

th

on

men

st a

an

men s

dr i a ;

st a

15

17

18

in t o

M on

d el ph i a

Di ad el ph i a
P ol y

on e

sa

22

23

me

or

In th
of

th

pw ar d s , h y pog

n o u s or

in

s er

t ed

en ou s or

in

ser

t ed

E QU A L

UN

t wo

d el ph i a ;

Sy

en es i a ;

mmon i n

Gy

n an

u n

u n

dl

dl e

men s v e

or

dr oph

an

or e

dl e s

un

u n

men

o f st a

UN

TE D

i t e d by t h ei r

an

th

er s,

o w er s c o l l e c t e d

ST A M E N S

IT E D

men s
s t amen s

N THE RS

st a

UN

N TS

o f st a

es o f

or sev er al

v o l u cr e

dr i a

F ILAM E

UN

IT E

To TH E

IS T IL

F L O W E R S UN

SE X

UA L

men s an d pi st i l s o n t h e same i n d i v i d u al
D i eec i a ; s t amen s an d pi s t i l s o n d i ffer en t i n d i v i d u al s
P o l y g ami a ; h er maph r o di t e an d u n i s exu al o w er s e i t h er
M

o n ee c i a ;

st a

di ffer en t i n di

vi

du al s

VI I I
24

an

ST A M E N S

VI I
21

VI
.

pw ar d s

a co

20

t w en t y

n a

V
19

per i g y

mi a ; st amen s fou r t w o l o n g er t h an t h e ot h er s
T et r ad y n ami a ; s t amen s S i x fou r l on g er t h an t h e o t h er s

Di d y

IV
16

an

III
.

t w en t y

e r ec ept acl e

14

P ol y

II S T A M E N S I N DE F I N l T E
s t amen s fr o m e l ev e n t o n i n e t een

D o d e c an dr i a ;
I co s an el r i a ;

si x s t a

11

men s
7 H e pt an dr i a ; s even st amen s
8 O ct an dr i a ; ei g h t s t amen s
9 E n n ean d r i a ; n i n e s t amen s
1 0 D e c an dr i a ; t en s t amen s
6

men s
s t amen s
st amen s

T et r an d r i a ; fou r
P

r ee s t a

D FI I

ST A M E N S
o n e st ame n

r st

n ei t h er

t h i r t e en

cl asses

e c l as s es, ar e

mi a ;

C r y pt og

th

on

LO

WE

men

s ta

th

RS

IN

s n or

II

V S BL E

pi s t i l s

e c h ar ac t er s o f

d er i ved fr o m t h

e n u

mber

of

th
th

e or
e st y

d er s,
l es

or

or

su

bdi

fe mal e

vi s o n s

or

g an

s,

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N
mes

th

M on

e n a

t wo , t h r

ee , et c

og

l es

st y

i a, D i g y

i a, T r i g y

PL A N T S

OF

i a,

et c

xxi

r es ec t i v el
p
y

i n d i c at i n g

on e ,

Di dy n ami a, L i n n aeu s t o ok h i s or d i n al ch ar act er s

fr om t h e s t r u c t u r e of t h e fr u i t
W h en t h i s i s fo r med o f fou r ak en i a
s i t u at e d a t t h e
o t t om o f t h e c al y x s o a s t o r e s e m l e n ak e d s e e d s h e c al l e d
In th

1 4t h

c l ass ,

or

d er G y mn osper mi a an d w h en t h e fr u i t w a s a c apsu l e c on t ai n i n g
T
et r a dy n ami a pr es e n t s
s ev er al s ee d s , h e t er me d t h e g r o u
r mi a
A
n
i
os
e
p
p
g
al s o t w o o r d er s ;
t h e on e w i t h a sil i cu l e, t h e o t h er w i t h a s il i u a ; an d
A t h ir d or d er h as e en
h en c e t h ey w er e call ed S i l i cu l osae an d S il i qu o sae
th

e or

De

C an d oll e
b y S pr en g el , for su ch as h av e an i n d eh i s c en t fr u i t ; an d
a cc o r d i n g t o t h e r el at i v e po s i t i o n o f
r
o
h
l
ass
o
se
d
t
o
su
di
v
i
d
e
t
e
c
p p
ei n g a c cor d
h
an d 1 8 t h cl as s es
c o t l e d on s an d r ad i cl e
h
1
t
l
t
T
h
e
6
7
,
y

a d d ed

as

th

i n g t o t h e u n i on o f t h
as a c h ar a c t er for t h e
I n Sy

bi

for e t

mi a

r s t

bi

sexu al ;

ar e

bi

s ee

s exu al

s e con

t ot al l y
th

th

an

or

se c o n

bu t t h
th

d er t h

bi

sexu al ,

mu

e c i r cu

ol

bu t

mi a

s t er il e

er e ar e al

S o me

to

o r et s

In

w er

ser ve

e O

al

w ay

ser ve d

r e fer en c e ,

d er s t h

or

mo st

th

er e

me P ol y

e n a

r espe c t i v e

th

e r ay

w er

e on

P ol y g ami a

fr om t h

ea,

st er

il e

ly

su

femal e
th

av e
an

per

ot h

or e t s

pr o d u ci n g
o f t h e di sc

d i mper fec t

u ou s

th

n ec es sar i a ,

i mper fect i on

c e or r ay

fr u s t r an

e r ay

or

d th

pi s t i l s o n l y
e ach o f t h e

mfer en

o s e of

th

an

th

fou r t h

men s i s mad e

of st a

Th e
pecu l i ar i t i es
ei n g e u al l y fer t il e an d
o r et s
al l t h e
su per u a, w h er e t h e o r et s o f t h e di sc

of

i t ed

mar k t h ei r

to

y g

s or

av e

or et s

Th

men

mi a mqu ali s
d P ol y g ami a

t h i r d, P

mb er

t ed t o

e r e s or

o se o f

e n u

er s ar e u n

st a

epi t h et

d fe r t i l e , b u t t h

u s el e s s

di sc

th

w er

wi t h

L in

th

e an

me an s

er

ms P o l y

s exu al ,

p er fec t

bi

er

th

er e

cl a s s,

an ot

d er s

or

o t h er s

2 3r d

wi t h

wh

s , ot h e r

sexu al ;

th

st a

be

en esi a,

men

ve
t

l amen t s

th

Of

as

e st

er e
e

In t h

th

ey

or et s

i g mas

th

ar e
of
o se

fer t il i z e d b y t h e po ll en o f t h e for mer

T h e ft h , P ol y g ami a seg r eg at a , h as all t h e or et s i s exu al , b u t e ach of
t h em con t ai n ed an i n v ol u cr e pecu l i ar t o i t s el f ; t h e w h ol e a s i n t h e o t h er
of

th

e r ay

con

t ai n i n g

on

l y pi st i l s

ar e

i
eu s
i
l
r e
T
o
t
h
ese
L
n n a
n
n
o
u
c
mm
o
v
g
a dd e d a si xt h
P ol y g ami a mon og ami a w h er ei n t h e ow er s w er e n ot col
l ect e d i n a common i n v ol u c r u m ; b u t t h i s l ast h as b e en t r an s fer r e d t o P en
t an dr i a mon og y n i a
I n G y n an dr i a t h e o r d er s ar e t ak en fr o m t h e n u mb er o f t h e s t amen s
M on ce c i a an d D i eeci a i n cl u di n g pl an t s t h at ar e mon an d r ou s,di an d r ou s
mon ad el ph ou s or g y n an dr ou s h av e t h e n ames o f t h e or d er s as M on an dr i a
D ec a n dr i a G y n an dr i a t ak e n fr om s ome o f t h e pr e ce d i n g cl as s e s
Th e
2 3r d cl ass or P ol y g ami a c on t ai n i n g pl an t s w i t h bi sexu al an d u n i s exu al
ow er s mi xed ei t h er on t h e same or di st i n ct i n di v i du al s h as i n c on sequ en ce
or

d er

s,

ei n

c o l l ec t ed

wi t h i

a co

een di

vi d e d

in t o t h

r ee o r

d er s

o n eeci a,

i n w h i ch t h

o w er s ar e

bi

sexu al

me i n di vi d u al ; Di eeci a w h er e on e b ear s t h e b i
sexu al an d an o t h er t h e u n i s exu al b l o s s o ms O f b o t h k i n d s ; an d T r eec i a w h er e
o n e h as t h e b i s exu al an ot h er t h e mal e an d a t h i r d t h e femal e o w er s
C r y pt o g ami a w a s or i g i n al l y d i v i d e d b y L i n n q
i n t o fou r o r d er s : F er n s
an

u n

i s exu al

on

th

sa

M o sse s A l g w, an d F u n g i ; bu t s o li t t l e w as t h en k n ow n a ou t t h e s t r u e
t u r e an d l i mi t s o f t h ese t h at i t i s n o w g en er al l y ag r e e d t o ad ept n ear l y
t h e s ame di vi si on s as ar e e mpl oy e d i n t h e n at u r al met h o d
,

CL A S S I F ICA T I O N

x ii

Th

foll ow i n g i s t h e n at u r al d i st r i
t h e n ame O f F r ag me n t s i n 1 7 5 1

d er

un

fr om h i s pr e d e cess or s
N

at u r a l

O r d er

P ER T

P ALM

SC I T A M I N

O RC

TR IPE

SP A T H A C

14

16

O A D UN A I JE

A L I M A R I JE

O N I F E R JE

D UM

20

22

as n e w

O S ZE

24 B I C
.

25

SE

26

'

29

31

34

U L M I N I ZE

41

42

A L E s,

A M P AN

Lo

U UE T

47

TRIC

48

IN

c a,

SA

A s cl epi as , et c
et c

m D i g i t ali s
C amel l i a
,

et c

et c

th

R os e w or t s

St y

s,

excl u

r ax

53

54

et c

o l o cy n

a ct u s ,

t h i s, e t c

O xal i s,

ph or i a, e t c
H i ppu r i s E l at i n

e,

s,

e d er a ,
et c

er

i s,

C I JE

ar

Mod er n P r i m

of

O T A C E JE

Mo d er n B o

P RE

G en t i an

i a, A n

L y si ma

a,

g al l i s , et c
, S pi n ac i a ,

O L E BA C E E

et c

et c

et c

an

n o t h er a, e t c

(E

R M E N T C EE Vi t i

L ig u s

el i a, e t c
u

O C C ZE

ch

U N D A T ZE ,

r ow

r si n e , e t c

F u mar i a ,

O L UM N I F E R E

s i vel y

et c

55

P AP ILION

56

S ol an

N T I C O S JE

46

52

C appar i s , et c
C on v ol vu l u s,
AC E I,

UT A M I N E A ,

U C UR B I T A C E R

w or t s

P apav er ,

G al i u

C C

45

et c

T i l i a B i xa C h i n a
P ol y g on u m L au

Vi n

g ew or t s

u s,

C l ov ew or t s

th

ST E

H CE A D E S ,

Vi l
L U RID

E R I F O L I JE

C it r u

51

My

e a,

A R YO P H YL L E I ,

es , et c

S mil ax, M en i sper mu m,

5 0 T R I H I L A T JE , B i g on i a, B er

Mo d er n C

ms

oo

E S P E R I D E JE

L L A T JE

P h il ad el ph

A L Y C A N T H E M JE

as n e w

as n o w

bl

F il i pen d u l
Ri

r u s,

44

aea ,

O N TO RTI

SE

A R B US T I V A

et c

m Il ex R h u s

s , et c

M al l ow w or t s
35

s,

et c

o a,

33

Jasmi n u m

O R YD A L E S ,

30 R

A z al

u rn u

Py

L e d u m,

r u s, et c
.

X an t h i u m, e t c

as n o w

P I A B I ZE ,

VA G I N
28

D R U P A C E ZE

u s

V al er i an

F i cu

O R N E s,

tru

O M A C E ZE ,

40

49

UL T I S I L I Q U E

foo t s

P i s t a ci a, P opu l u

Vi b

O R N O S ZE

xa m
p l es

S pi r

43 A S P

OM P O S TE

23 M

et c

A i es , P i n

UM B E L L A T ZE

ol i a, et c

Ju n cu s

N I A C E JE

SC A BR I DE

et c

M ag n

GGRE G T

19

et c

U C A M E N T A C E JE

N
.

s , et c

m T u li pa
B r o mel i a et c

18

O r n i t h og al

L il i u

Qu er cu s
17

'

My r t l e

r ocu s

U R I C A T JE

AME

36

O r d er

atu i al

r a

GR AM IN A ,

A mar y l li s ,

B u t omu

n aeu s

13

et c

E ZE

1 0 L I L I A C E JE
.

an n

L in

by

r e pos e d

p
Man y o f h i s g r ou ps w er e t ak en
t r i ve d b y h i ms el f

39

O R O N AR IE

S cil l
11

C y c as
a, A mo mu

r st

t i on

a,

T A L O I D E ZE

EN UD T

ph

e c on

Ir i s

m P i per

H I D E ZE

N SA T E

Aru

or y
A

w er

er s

xa m
p l es

as

ot

PL A N TS

OF

A C E JE

O M E N T A C E JE

as n ow

L eg u mi n

l
an t s w i t h poi n t e d po d s
p
S I L I Q U O S JE , C r u c i fer s

57

58

VE

59

P E R SO N

60

61

62

63

eu s

R T I C I L L A T IE

'

bi

at es , et c
.

S T A T U M I N A T IE , Ul mu
C

65

66

A L G IE

67

F UN

68

E s , as n e w

U S C I , as n o w

A G IE

I
,

n e ar
,

ly

al l

or a, et c

w
.

h i s d ou

bt f

ul

as n e

as n o w

s, e t c

R h i z oph

A N DE L L A R E S,

64 F I L I C

F i g w or t s, et c
E , H y pe r i c u m, C i st u s

A T JE

E RF ORA N

e n er a

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N
At

PL A N T S

O F

xxi i i

l at er per i od , N 0 s 7 , 1 0, 1 1 , 1 7 , 2 6 2 7, 36 , 38 , 39 , 6 0, 6 1 , 6 2 ,
6 3 w er e c an c e l l ed , an d fo u r a d d e d
N

O r d er

at u r a l

G R UI N A L E
C

A L Y C I F L O R IE

In
t

S,

r an es
,

1 78 9, J u

xa m
p l es

bi l l

O sy r l S , T r oph i s, et c

s si eu

an

A n t oi n

L au r

en

at u r a l

O r d er

E D E R A C E IE

I S C E L L A N E IE

t d e,

ado

H e d e r a,

a cu r

th

pt i n g

xa

Vi t i

i ou

mp l es

s , et c

R ay

v i ew s o f

mi xt u r e

as

pr i mar y d i v i s i o n s , appl i e d t h em t o t h e sy s t e m o f T o u r n e fo r t , w h i c h h ad
e en i n c o mmon u se i n F r an ce fr o m t h e
O t h i s h e a dd e d t h e
ar 1 69 4
T
e
y

p o si t i on o f t h e s t amen s w i t h r e spec t t o t h
ft een cl as ses i n t h e fol l owi n g man n er

A c o t y l e d on

es ,

S t ami n

l ed on

on o c o t y

e o v ar

a,

es

rAp

d thu

an

h y pog y n a
peri g y n a,
e i
p gy n a
e i
p g y n a,

s co n s t r u c t e d

a,

et al ae

per i

M on

Di cot y l ed on

o r o l l a,

opet al ae

II
III

VI I

An t h

er i s ,

n a

is
A n t h er i s
di st i n c t u s,
c on n at

gy

V
VI

n a,

epl

IV

gy
h y po g y n e
h y pog y n a,
per i g y n a,

es

C l a ss

S t ami n

h is

P ol y pet al ae

D i cl i n
Un d er

each

of

th

es

S t ami n

a, e pi g

g ed h i

e ar r an

d er i v i n g t h ei r n ame fr o m so me g en
i l l u st r at i on o f t h ei r st r u c t u r e
u su al l y

Fun gi
2 A l g ae
1

L A SS

14

H epat i cae
4 Mu sci
3

5
6

'

F i c es
N

II

7 A r oi d e ae
8 T y ph ae

16

17

18

Ir i d e s

19

20

C y per O I d eae
1 0 G r ami n eae
.

12

13

L A SS

I II

Ju n ci

w h i ch h

11 8 88

e r e g ar

ar

r ch

25

e ae

VII

L ASS

30 Amar an t h i

i des

L ASS

33 P l u mb ag i n
.

ar

i d es

A c an t h i
37 J asmi n
.

V i t i c es
.

T h y mel eae

VI I I

L A SS

es

34 L y s i mach i as
P e d i c u l ar es

VI

L A SS

39

P l an t ag i n e s
32 N y ct agi n e s
31

2 4 E l aeag n i
.

as a

A t r i pl i c e

IV

fo l l ow s

as

d ed

ma

O r d er s ,

at u r al

2 3 A r i st ol o ch i as

P al mae

A spar ag i

L A SS

11

ar ci ssi

P r ot eae
2 7 L au r i
2 8 P ol y g on

o d el i

A sph

22 H y dr och

B r omel i as

15

26

L A SS

u s

'

aI a d e s

n a,

h y po g y n a,
per i g y n a,

i r r eg u l ar e s,

e se c l as s es

XI
XII
III
X IV
XV

eae

L a i at ae

oo d

xxi v

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N

S cr oph
41

42

43

44
45

46

S o l an

l ar i as

e ee

B o r ag i n
C

59

li

P ol emo n i a
n o n i as

G en t i an

61

Bi g

6 0 Um

eae

on v ol vu

A r al i as

62

XII

L A SS

PL A N T S

O F

48

A pocy

52

ae

XI I I

L A SS

an u n c u

64

65

66

A c er a

67

par

p
S api n d i

l a ce m

68

mpan u l ac eae

69

5 3 C i ch
.

54
55

C in

L A SS

o r ac e ze

al

mb i fer

L A SS

57

Ru

bi

58

pr i fol i a

B ot an i

ce
'

85

87

88

91

92

95

S axi fr ag ae
C

ac t

or

80

De C
E

l A r t d e d cr i r e

an

C i st i

d ol l e , A P

t u l a c e ee

S al i c ar em
.

R o sac e m
.

mn i

Rh

th

fol l owi n g

pu

96

97

u eu r

bl i

h is

sh e d

Th

b e fou

mpl i ci t y

e ff e c t :

d i sappear ,

fol l ow i n g
1

th

r e er

as

D i c o t y l ed on

Ur t i c eae

99

A men t aceae

i for m

on

at u r el l e e t

th

e xpl ai n s

th

r i n ci p e s
p

e c o u r se

e co
a

pol y

me

c on sol

l o w er

o d o f ar r an

e c au se

t
al o u s an
e
p

Th

an

t ak en

as

c o n se

tly

u en

pr i n ci pl e g i ves

ph
cr

d h y pog y

d per i g y n
an d pe r i g y

an

opet al ou s

ou s

n ou s

d h y po g y n ou s
w i t h a si n g l e p er i an t h

mou s
pt og amo u s

an a
er o g a

n ou s

an

99

ape t al o u s , o r

ge
of i t s
to

i d at e d ,

r an

99

3,

A c ot y l e d on

w h i ch

m to

l e don

de

pl a ce Di c o t y l e d on s r s t , ec a u s e t h ey h av e t h e
c t an d s epar at e o r g an s
T h en as I n d famil i es

mo n

o co t y

E l emen t ai r e d e l a

or i e

of

e xpl an at i o n

h i ms el f

M on

bi t ac eae

ser i es :

9,

bi

or

d th

XV

98
1 00

ph

d e s P r i n c i pes d e l a C l as si cat i on N

et d t u d i er l e s
g t au x

g r eat es t n u m er o f di st i n
w h er e s o me o f t h es e o r g an
t

L A SS

si

g i d e d i t s cl ear mi n d ed au t h or t o t h e con st r u ct i on of a met h

men t , w h i ch h as n o w al mo s t su per s e d e d al l o t h er s , ch i e y

xposi t i o n

t h i s w or k i s t

easi n es s an

n a

F i c o i d e ae

In

u e, o u

84

S emper v i v ae

7 4 M al v ac eae
7 5 M ag n oli as
7 6 A n on ae
7 7 M en i s per mae
7 8 B er b er i d e s
7 9 T i l i a c eae

aceae

I n 1 8 1 3,

X IV

L ASS

eae

9 3 L eg u mi n osae
9 4 T e r eb i n t aceae
.

D i psac eae

G er an i ae

XI

56

y ll

O ph

7 1 M el i sa
7 2 Vi t i s
.

ar

g r ae
8 9 My r t i
90 M el ast omae

ar o ce h al ae
p

or

7 0 A u r an t i ae
.

i d es

83

pi g h i ae
H y per i c a
G u t t i fer a

E r i cae
C

82

dr a

o d o d en

IX

L A SS

G u ai a c an

50 R h
51

S apol ae

C
49

n eae

R u t aceae

47

e ae

81

el l i fe r ae

P apa v er ac eae
C r u ci fer ae

l e afy

l ea

an

es s an

s exu al

d wi t h

ou

an

y kn

ow n

sexes

see

me t h e

C LA S S I F IC A T I O N
I h
r e

av e a d O pt e d

mov e d

fr om a

t h is

n at u r a

s er i e s ,

se

to

th

mmet r y

sy

fami l i es
w or

i t ed t o

s e su

e ac h

to

e ar

De

O r d er s i n Al l i an
T h eo r i e ,
w il l

be

an

th

at

d ol l e

t h in k it th

ec au s e

fami l y
d

en

(p 206 1 st
.

mad e

t empt t

at

n o

e r el at i on

)
comb i n

th

th

a t u r al

O r d er s

A SC UL A R

T YL E D O N O U S

d wh

an

ose

mbr y

pr ovi d ed w i t h
mor e c o t y l e d on
1

th

w h i ch t h

wh

er e

wh

th

an

e e

d a t ed , p l a ceu t ce p a
r i ct a l

37

or

P apav er ace ae
l O F u mar i a c eae
9

as

t i ci l l at e

bl

t h d ou
th

er e

c al

e;

y x

d i st i n ct

P e t al s d i st i n ct , i n

11

12

ru

c i fer ae

mer

ou s ,

opp os i t e

ser

t ed

men

s t a/

t e p et a l s

an u n cu l a c eae

Dill

Mag n oli ac e ae

D
L
R
C

An

en

i ac e ae

o n ac e a

en

i sper meae

G B er b er i d es
T

d oph y l l ae

O
O

N y mph aeac eae

as

ese
se

of

o h or

ts

u en c e o f

15

as si or e ae

Vi

o l a ce ae

19

20

S ar men t a c eae

38

39

G er an i e ae
C e dr el eae

40

M eli ac e ae

41

42

per i d eae
C amel l i eae

43

O l a ci n

44

es

D r os er a ce ae

F r an k e n

c a ce

C i st i n

e ae

l i t ar y
tr

21

22

al

25

26

27

p l a cen t a

e ae

C hl

so
cen

y l l eae

29

30

31

32

er i a c eae

ac e ae

46

it gy

r u

S i mar ou b i ac eae
O ch n ac eae

A L Y C I F L O R AI .

fr ee

P et al s
l es s

u n

mor e

i t ed,

48

49

or

In

e cal y x

r an

an

th

l e ae

o xy

S t er cu l i a c eae
T i l i a c eae

52

E l aeo c ar peae

53

S api n d a c e ae

54

55

T amar as ci n

56

M el as t ome ae

57

58

59

H i ppoc ast an
A c er ac e m

e ae

Mal pi g h i aceae

H i ppoc r at i a ce ae
34 H y per i ci n eae
.

L eg u mi n

Ro

o s ae

s ace ae

S al i c a r i ae

e ae

M y r t i n eae
C o m r et ac eae
.

u cu r

bi t

g u l aceae
S amy d eae

or

al w a

5 0 J u g l an d eae
5 1 T er e i n t h ac e ae

47

28

per i g y n ou s,
ser t e d o n t h

en ac e ae

By t t n

45

L in

eae

O var y

ar y o ph

u o bas i c

O o/aor t I I I

24

C o h or t I V

18

P ol y g al eae
1 7 R esed aceae
16

14

33

th

2 3 M al v ac eae

a r p el s n u

or

of

G u t t i fer eae
M ar c g r av i a c eae

at u r al

C appar i d eae
1 3 F l ac ou r t i an eae

e r ecept a cl e

O ol wr t I

or

T H A L A M I F L O R IE
th

an

mbr y

c or ol l a ar e

on

g ed

e st ar e

v er

er i an

wh

er e

er s, o f

t er mo st ,

l e d on
.

or

D i co

ou n

o ppo si t e or
c ot y

t r i c l ay

ou

36

t ar y

c o n cen

th

c on s o l i

II

e v es s el s ar e ar r an

in

35

s ol i

is

on e

xo g en s o r

t y l ed o n

O a r p el s

LAN TS ;

e se

me O f C oh or t s
fr om t h e ed i t i on

O o l r or t

fu r n i sh e d wi t h cel
l a l ar t i s su e an d v ess el s
e

th

or

of

e n a

dy

et t er

ed i t i o n

fol l o w i n g l i st s of h i s O r d er s , t ak en
1 8 19
I n t h at o f 1 844, pu l i sh ed by h i s s on aft er h i s d eat h , t h
ar e al l
r ok e n u
p, an d c o n si d er a l e al t er at i on i s mad e i n t h e
s een

ce

a s ec on

d er t h

u n

e st u

w h i ch

di n g

s c affol

in

l at er per i o d
few su c h g r ou ps ,

at a

in t h

an

l e a st i mpo r t an

e d i t i on

i en t

c on v e n

c o n si st s

th

w h i ch i s l eas t

at

it is

t ach t h

mer el y

is

e r est

at

of

an

h i s t or y

n a t u r al

er a

XXV

an

A ll t h

e c au se

d par t l y
i mag i n e t h at

ea ch

er

pos e d a

by t h

bu t

ces ;
r o

ot

mpl i sh

acc o

A t t h i s t i me

l i ar t o

pecu

tly

u en ce ,

B u t l et n o o n
y for s t u d y
it
T h e t r u e s ci e n ce o f g en

e as

par

PLA N TS

O F

ac eae

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N

xxv i
60
61

1 02

i eae

F i c oi d eae

62

n ag r ar

65
66

67
68
69

1 04 P y r en ac eae
1 05 A c an t h ac e ae
1 06 L en t i b u l ar i eae

t ul

or

1 07

r assu

l ac eae

72
73
74
75

C apr i fo li eae
L or an t h eae

Ru bi ac eae

81
82

114

B e g on i ac e ae

hy

po g

S an t al ac e ae

c al y

co r oll a,

1 24 M

d t o th

1 25

89
90

Jasmin

e ae

S t r y ch n eae
9 2 A p o cy n e ae
9 3 G en t i an e w
.

9 4 B i g n on i ac eae
9 5 S es ameae

S ol e n ess
1 00 A n t i r r h i n

R h in

an

th

eae

l
d
on
e
y

H A N IE R O G A M S

F r u ct i c at i o n
r e g u l ar
.

v i si

1 31

bl

e,

h i dd en

i s e t ac eae

M ar si l e ac eae

eae

L A N T S,

fu

OR

E L L UL AR

YL

C O T

E D O N O U S
e

co

mpose d

l ar t i s su

e on

i sh e d w i t h

rn

s el s , an

d wh

i s wit h

ou

mbr y

o se e

c ot

l
e d on
y

1 57

o
.

ex

1 56

s exe s

ly

v es

F O L I A C E JE
H av i n g l eaf l i k e
an si on s an d k n
p

ow n

Mu

sc i

H epat i cae
B A P H YL L IE
.

i r r eg u l ar

or

1 52

0t

av i n

L i ch

en e s

an
.

H y po xy l a
1 60 F u n g i
1 66 A l g ae
.

l e af l i k e

k n o w ms exe s
1 59

YP T O G A M S

N ai ad e s

158

A l i smac eae

expan si on s

'

C y c ad eae
1 30 H y dr o ch ar i d eae

a c ea
e

e ae

1 29

o r al t er n at e c o t

P ol emo n i d eae
9 7 C o n vol vu l ac eae
9 8 B or ag i n e ae

1 01

O C O T YL E D O N S ;

N s,

GE

ow n

n ot

i fer m

N D0

o f c el l u

o s e v e s s el s
h
s
w
t
n
a
l
,p
es ,
dl
n
u
b
n
i
d
e
n
a
a
r
r
ar e
g
ei n g i n
t h e y o u n g e st
t h e mi d dl e O f t h e t r u n k ,
o is
an d w h o s e e m r y
fu r n i sh e d w i t h s ol i t ar y

G r ami n

kn

on

151

II

1 28

A men t ac ezB

eae

P i per i t e ae

MON

en ac eae

O l ei n

99

Ur t i c e ee

d an

an

r u c t i c at i on

96

1 27

T er n st r omi eae

91

on o

87

1 5 4 L y c opo d i n
1 5 5 F i l i c es

mi eae

88

1 26

M y r si n eae
8 6 S apot eae

85

1 46

e ae

153

E l mag n eae
1 22 A r i st ol och i as
1 23 E u ph or i ac eae

i t ed i n t o
t ach

u n

o r n o t at

1 45

mmel i n
P al mw

n ou s

e ae

u n

Ju n ceae

1 50

O R O L L I F L O R IE

P et al s

T y ph ac e ae
1 4 8 A r oi d i m
1 49 C y per aceae

ace ae

en o pe d e ae

e r i e ae.

E r i ci n

ac e ae

C ol ch i c ac eae

1 47

84

1 42

1 43

P ol y g o n eae
1 1 6 L au r i n e ae
1 1 7 M y r i st i c e ae
1 1 8 P r ot e ac e ae
1 1 9 T h y mel e ae

mpan u l ace w

V a cci n i e ae

G esn

L il i

1 41

A mar an t h

L ob el i ac ew

on e

113 C h

co

S mil ac eae

'

D i o sc o r eas

or

ly

on

x an

for m

mpl e

o s e c al y

ae

112

7 7 D i ps ac eae
7 8 C al y c er e ae
7 9 C omposi t ae
80

1 38

O per cu l ar i eae
7 6 V al er i an eae
.

mo d or ac eae
A mar y ll i d eae
H emer o c al li d e ae

si

i an t h

1 09

1 36

P l u mb ag i n eae
1 1 0 P l an t ag i n eae
1 1 1 N y ct ag i n eae

O N O C H L A M YD JE

e n v el ope

r ol l a

wh

7 0 Um el l i fer ae
7 1 Ar al i ac eae
.

I r i d eae

er

i a c eae

u n on

P r i mu l ace ae
G l ob u l ar i e ee

1 08

ac eae

S axi fr a g e ae

e p al ese

ac e ae.

G r o ssu l

ch i e

ar o n

e ee

63 P
64

O r ch i d e ae
1 33 D r y mi r r h i z eae
1 34 M u sac em

1 32

L ab i at e ae
1 03 M e por i n

L oac eae

PL A N T S

OF

n o

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N

PL A N T S

OF

xxvi i

I n 1 845 L i n dl ey , Joh n , pu l i sh ed T h e
e g et a l e K i n g d om,
fol l owi n g i s t h e ar r an g emen t ad opt ed in h i s w or k
,

d th

an

C L A S SE S

S t ems

an

d l eav es

S t ems

an

d l eav e s

in t h

est

par al l el ,
w ay

L eav es
wh

of st e

n ak e

en

t ;

i al ,

my

d e ci d u

ar r an

g es t
c ot y l e d on

t r ic ;

ed

th

at

ou n

en cl os e d

in

s ee

L A SS

II

L ASS

AC

III

L A SS

C
g l u mac e ou

7 G l u mal e s

63

Fu

L i ch

s e al e s

Mu

Ly

IV

L A SS

c al e s

A l li

V DI C T YO G
.

VI

hd h
h h

or

G YM

x,

th

'

e sa

N DO G E N S

cr o

me

L A SS

DI C

T YO G E N s

G YM N

VI I

O GE N s

n o t c oll ec t e

er

b ac eou s

en s .

en s .

13

'

0 r 0 h l d al es

C l a ss

is

c or oll a

X y r i d al e s

Ju n cal es
A smal

t o t ru

or l s,

Wi t

hd
e

fe f
e

r o

mth

tru

th

e sa

A l li

a n ce

th

e sa

A lli

me
me

a n c es o

as

th

as

th

C l ass
e

xog en s

e ov ar

a n ce

c on

es

bu t

urn

o w er s
an

th

s c al es

A momal es

Fl

as

di

A l li

E xo G E N

12

17

XO GE N S

1 a L i l i al e s

l l og

N O GE N S

VI

'

a t r u e c al
wi t
e r en t t o t h e o var ,

E N S

15

hd
dh

Th

a n c es o

an ces

c o po d al es

F il i

N DO GE N S

it e

en a e s

L A SS

L A SS

es

R GE N S A l l i
O

N S

14

ar ci ss al e s

C
C

g al

P al mal es

a n ces o

i s t o s ay , c o mp o s e o f b r ac t s
g o f I mb r i c at e , c ol ou r l e ss, o r

at

F l o w er s u r n i s
an d c or ol l a a

11

si st i n

H y dr al e s

10

A l g al e s

p et al o i , or u r n i s e wi t
t r u e c al x o r c or o l l a , o r Wi t
b ot ,
T so t el y n ak e 6 9
ow er s

Am

A l li

R H IZOGE N

N s

Fl

st e

t r al pi t h
c e , al w ay s

th

of

VI I

o w er s

IV

v e s sel s

T H AL L O GE

R H I Z O GE

mfer en
mor e ; se e d s

or

g l e ; l eav e s
o f t h e st em al

e c i r cu

t wo

N S

o f st e

Fl

III

a c i r cl e o f c en

in

A C R O GE

si n

w o od

ou s ;

AL L O GE N S

fu sed

p er en n

c o n cen

S ee d s

per man

y l e d on
w oo d

c ot

TH

II

F l ower i n g P l a n t s

a l , or

tr e;

c en

n et - v ei n e d ,

en

W ood

v ei n e d ,

s co n

spr i n

F r u ct i c at i on
ou n

g i n g fr o m a t h al l u s
S pr i n g i n g fr o m a st em; w o o d

F r u ct i cat i on

d i st i n g u i sh a l e
d i st i n g u i sh a l e

u n

S exu

F l ow er l ess P l a n t s

sexu a l , or

C l a ss

c al

xx v i i i

C L A S S I F IC A T I O N
S u b C l as s I
-

D ec l i n

F l o wer s 6 52 wi t

18

A men t al es

19

Ur t i c al es

20 E
.

21

ph

or

b i al es

Vi

C i s t al

27
28

29

30

31

32

o wer s

ol al e s
es

or

6 2;

men

st a

G u t t i fer al es
N y mph al e s

or

6 {r 9 ;

men

st a

g r ow

mg

to th

er

e si

F i coi d al es

43

44

S axi fr ag al es

mn

al e s

S u b C l a ss I 77
-

ow er s 1

or

6 z! 9

52

act al e s

5 3 G r ossal es
.

24

25

en

u cu r

r ee

b i t al es
al e s

n ou s

e c al

35

R u t al es

36

G er an i al es

x an d c o r

men

st a

39

g r o wi n g t o t h

d
ly

e si

Ch

ei t

er c al

d al es

en o po

n ou s

so

P i per al es

ig y

xog

en s .

x o r t h e c or ol l a ;

ovar

su

p er i o r ,

45

G en t i an al es

46

S ol an al es

47

48

E ch i al es

49

n ou s

o r t u s al es .

Bi g n

e o f ei
so

ol l a .

Si l en al es

E r i c al e s

38

xog en s

f om t h

i s per mal es

P apay

yf

E p ig y

n ear

C ampan al es
5 1 My r t al es

50

Rh

e o

4 1 D aph n al es
4 2 R o sal e s
.

dy f h

o r n e ar

en c

23

37

d y

G ar r y al e s

34

an al e s

xog en s

S api n d al e s

ow er s 1

40

Fl

t i r el

en

33 B er b er al es

S u h C l a ss I I I

Fl

s en

Mal v al es

y t

H y p og y

ou s

22

26

an

S u b C l as s I I

Fl

ou

al es

Qu er n

P LA N T S

OF

on

i al e s

xog en s

c al

er

cor oll a ;

or

C i n ch

o n al es

54

55

Um

56

A sar al es

el l al e s
.

o var

yi

fer i or

or

GL O SSAR Y OF BOTAN IC AL TE RMS

A C E R O S E , ch a y
A ci c u l ar , n ee d l e S h ape d
A ci n i fo r m, s ci mi t ar sh ape d
A cu l e at e , pr i ck l y
A d n a t e ad h er i n g
A g g r e g at e man y ow er s i n cl u d e d
i n o n e c al y x
A l at e w i n g e d
A n d r og y n ou s, ear i n g mal e an d fe
mal e ow er s, di s t i n ct O n t h e same
-

Bi n at e i n pai r s
B i par t i t e, d e epl y

r o ot

A n t h er su mmi t o f t h e st amen , c o n
t ai n i n g t h e pol l en
A pe t al ou s, w i t h ou t p et al s
A p oph y si s, a s w ell i n g
en e at h t h e
c ap su l e o f a me s s
A ppr ess e d s u e ez e d cl o se
A r or e s cen t , ecomi n g w o o dy
A r or e ou s w oo dy
A r cu at e, o w e d
A r t i c u l at e O i n t ed
A s ci s mal l t u es i n w h i ch t h e s eed s
o f s ome cr y pt o g ami c pl an t s ar e
pl a c e d
A t t en u at e d g r ow i n g sl en d er
A u r i cu l at e d , e ar sh ape d
A wn , a ear d sh ar p pr o c ess , i s su i n g
fr o m ch aff i n cor n an d s ee d s
A w n l ess , w i t h ou t e ar d
A xi ll ar y , o w er s e t c
pr o c ee di n g
fr om an an g l e for med b y a r an ch
w i t h a st em

di vi de d i n t o t w o

p ar t s
B i pi n n at e , d ou l e w i n g e d
B i t er n at e , d o u l y t h r ee fol d
Bi v al v e d , t w o v al v ed
B or d er , t h e u pper spr e adin g par t O f
a mo n o pe t al o u s ow er
B r ac t e a, or al l eaf, may O f t en b e
mi st ak en for t h e c al y x, b u t i s

b
b

mo r e

per man en t
B u l ifer ou s , ow er s su c c e e d e d b y
u l s i n s t ea d O f s e e d s

b b

q
b

b
b

B
B ea d e d , g r an u l at e d

B eak e d , l ik e a i r d s e ak
B ear d e d
e s et w i t h par al l el h ai r s ,
o r t u ft s o f h ai r
B i c apsu l ar h av i n g t w o capsu l e s
B i en n i al , l i v i n g t w o y e ar s
B i d t w o cl eft , el e ven
B i far i ou s, p oi n t i n g fr om opposi t e
S i d es
B i l a i at e , l ossom w i t h t w o l i ps
B i l o cu l ar , h avi n g t w o cel l s
,

b
,

C
C al y pt r a, v eil c ov er i n g t h e an t h er
o f moss e s l i k e a h o o d
C al y x t h e ou t er c o v er i n g o f a ow er
C ampan u l at e
el l S h ape d
C an al i c u l at e c h an n el l ed
C an c el l at ed l at t i c ed
C api l l ar y , h ai r l i k e
C api t at e g r ow i n g i n h ea d s
C apsu l e , mem r an ou s h oll ow see d
v e s s el
C ar i n at e d k eel e d
C ar n o se esh y
C at ki n , o w er s an d ch aff on a l on g ,

sl en d er s t al k , l i k e a c at s t ai l
C au d at e, t ail ed
C au l es c en t h av in g a st em
C e l l , t h e h ol l ow i n a c apsu l e fo r
h ol di n g t h e see d
C en t r al or et s , w h i c h o ccu py t h e
mi ddl e par t o f a ow er
C h aff, d r y c al y x o f c or n an d g r asses
C il i at e, fr i n g ed
C i r r h i t en dr i l s
C i r r h ose t er mi n at i n g i n a t en dr i l
C l av at e d , cl u sh ape d
C l aw t h e l o w er n ar r o w par t o f t h e
p et al i n ow er s
C l eft , d i vi d e d i n t o par t s
as e
C l u sh aped t h i n n er at t h e
t h an t h e t er mi n at i on
C o a d u n at e , oi n ed t o g et h er at t h e
,

as e

G L O S SA R

XX X

o at e d , c o

b lb

mpos e d

of

l ay

OF

er s, a s

th

BO TAN

f t h e o n i on
C o c h l eat e d sn ai l sh ape d
C o l u mn , t h e c en t r al pi l l ar i n a c ap
su l e
C ol u mn ar , l ik e t h e S h af t O f a c ol u mn
C ompa c t , g r ow i n g cl ose, as i t w er e
r e s s e d t o e t h er
g
p
C o mpl i c at e c ar i n at e , d ou l y k eel ed
C ompou n d ow er s c on si s t i n g o f
man y or et s or l i t t l e o w er s
C o mpr es s e d , a st em h avi n g t w o o p
o si t e s i d e s pl ai n o r a t
p
C o n d u pl i c at e, fo l d ed , or d o u l e d t o
g e t h er
C o n u en t , r u n n i n g on e i n t o an ot h er
as e
at t h e
C o n g es t e d , h eape d t o g e t h er
o n ju g at e d l e af, a pi n n at e l eaf w i t h
o n l y o n e pai r O f l ea e t s
C o n n at e u n i t e d at t h e as e
C on n i v en t , c on v er g i n g
C o n v er g i n g , appl i e d t o t h e cor ol l a,
w h en t h e t i ps o f t h e p et al s meet
s o c l o se a s t o sh u t t h e o w er
e n v o l u t e d , t w i st e d s pi r al l y
C or d at e , h ear t s h ape d
h ear t
S pe ar
C o r d at e l an ce ol at e,
sh a e d
p
C or i aceou s, l eat h er l i k e
C or n u t e , h or n S h ape d
C or ol l a l os s om
C or o n a, cr o w n
u n ch of
ow er s su p or t e d
C or y m
p
o n s epar at e f o o t s t al k s
ed
o s t at e d r i
C ot y l ed o n e s s e e d l o es
C r en at e , sc ol l ope d
C r en at o ser r u l at e d n el y n o t ch e d
C r e st e d h av i n g an appen d ag e l i ke a
t u ft o r cr es t
C r i n i t e h ai r y
C r u ci for m, c r o ss sh ape d
C u cu l l at e , con e sh aped
C u l m s t r aw
u n c i f o r m w e d g e S h ape d
C u r t ai n , t h e c al y x of ag ar i c s
u s pi d at e pr i c kl
y po i n t e d
C y at h i for m, c u p sh aped
C y l i n d r i c al , r ou n d , w i t h ou t an g l es ,
l i k e a w al k i n g st i ck
C y me , t u ft
C y mose, t u f t ed
O

IC A L T ER M

D e c o mpo u n d d ou l y c ompou n d or
c on t ai n i n g
wi t h i n
a
c o mmo n
c al x smal l er c al xe s co mmo n t o
y
y
s ev er al ow e r s
D e cu m en t , l y i n g d o w n
D e cu r r e n t l e a f h av i n g i t s ase r u n
n i n g d o w n t h e s t em
D e cu ss at e d c r o s s e d at r i g h t an g l es
D e e ct e d
ow e d o r
en t d o
D eh i s c en t g api n g
D el t o i d , t r o w el sh ape d
D e n t at e , t o ot h e d
D en t i c u l at e s e t w i t h l i t t l e t e et h
D i c h ot o mou s , for k e d
D i dy mo u s d ou l e
D i g i t at e n g er li k e
Di mi di at e, d i vi d e d i n t w o par t s
D i oe ci ou s mal e an d fe mal e ow er s,
g r o w i n g o n d i ffer en t pl an t s
D i pet al ou s o f t w o pet al s
D i ph y l l ou s t w o l eav e d
D i sk , t h e w h ol e su r face of a l eaf or
,

o w er

Di v ar i c at i n g st r ad dl i n g
D i v er g i n g mak i n g a r i g h t an g l e
D r u pe a pu l py s e e d vess el , co n t ain
i n g a n u t or st on e
D u pli c at e, d ou l e d
,

b
bb
,

bb

E ch i n at e , s et wi t h pr i ckl e s
ll i pt i c , ov al
ll i pt i c l an c eol at e, n ar r ow ov al
mar g i n at e , n o t ch e d at t h e en d
n si for m, sw o r d sh ape d
E r o s e , g n aw e d
E xs er t e d , pr ot r u d e d , O ppo sed t o i n
c l ose d
E xt r a fol i at e, g r ow i n g u n d er t h e
l e av es
-

P ol l en
u n dl e d
as c i c l e d ,
ast i g i at e , at t oppe d
G at h er e d , d o w n y
F emal e ow er s c on t ain i n g pi st il s
b u t n o s t amen s
F i r e s , w o o dy s t r i n g s o r n e r v e s
i l amen t , t h e t h r e ad l i k e par t o f a
s t ame n , su ppor t i n g t h e an t h er
F il i for m, t h r e ad S h aped
F 1 s t u l ou s , h o l l ow
F l exu o se z i g z ag , w i n d i n g
F l or al l e af, t h e l e af n e xt t h e ow er ,
s o me t i me s
mi st ak en for t h e
c al y x

F
F
F

ar i n a , see

,
b

D e ci d u ou s fal l i n g o n
D ec l i n i n g
en t l i k e a b o w , w i t h t h
ar c h d o w n w ar d s
,

G L O S SA R

F l or e t , t h

l itt l e

e s e par at e

OF

o w er

of

g r eg at e o w er
F o l i aceo u s , l e a fy
r e n d , w h en
t h e st em, r o o t , an d
l eaf ar e al l i n o n e
o w er s
F r u i t s t al k , a s t al k ear i n g
b u t n o t l e av es
F r u t i co s e , sh r u l i k e
F u l i g i n ou s s oo t y
F u r c at e d , for k e d
F u s i for m, spi n d l e S h ape d
an

ag

TE M

BO T A N I C A L

XX X I

I n fu n di bu l i fo r m fu n n el sh aped
I n t er n o d e t h e spac e b et w een
-

oi n

th

I n t r afol i aceou s wi t h i n t h e l e av e s
I n v o l u cr u m t h e c al y x o f an u mb el
,

In

In
In

par t i al i n v ol u cr u m
v ol u t e , r o l l e d i n w ar d s
t er r u pt ed , d i vi d e d b y i n t er v al s
o w er s
smal l er
v o l u cr e t

of

or

G en i c u l at e d kn e e o i n t e d
G er me n s ee d b u d t h e r u di men t O f
fr u i t y e t i n e m r y o
G i b b on s u l g i n g
G i l l s t h e t h i n pl at e s on t h e u n d er
S i d e o f a mu s h r o o m
G l an d s secr e t or y v e ssel s
G l an d u l ar for me d O f g l an d s
G l au c o u s g r ey
l u ei s h g r een
G l omer at e
o w er s
g r o w i n g cl o s e
t o g e t h er i n a g l o u l ar for m
G l u me h u sk
G r an u l at e d , h e ad e d
,

K eel e d ,

en

t l ike t h

of a Sh

ip

k eel

o at

L a i at e d h av i n g l i ps
L a c i n i at e d a g g e d
L ac t esc e n t , mi l k y
amel l ae t h e
g i l l s o f a fu n g u s
L ami n at e d , t h e at s u r fa ce o f l eav es
l y i n g cl o s e u po n e ac h o t h er
L an ce ol at e , spe ar sh aped
L an c eo l at e ov at e S pe ar e g g s h ape d
L e a et o n e o f t h e si n g l e l e av e s O f a
po mpou n d l eaf
e g u me n
po d
L en t i cu l ar , sph er i c al l y con v ex o n
o t h si d e s
L i d , a cov er t o t h e c apsu l es o f
,

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H

h al er t sh ape d
a
ast at e si n u at e d ,
g g e d h al er t
S h a ed
p
su c c u l en t an d t en d er ,
er
ac e o u s
i n O ppo s i t i o n t o w o o d y
n t ai n i n g
er ma h r o d i t e o w e r s
c
o
p
ot h st amen s an d pi s t i l s
i r su t e r ou g h e d w i t h st r on g h ai r s
i s pi d
r i st l
y
u sk
d r y semi t r an spar en t mem
r an es
for mi n g t h e c al y x an d
l o ss oms o f g r asse s
y men i u m t h at par t o f a fu n g u s
w h i ch c on t ain s t h e r epr o d u c t i v e
as t at e ,

b
b

or

mo sses

L i g n o s e w o o dy
r o ad
l
b t h e u pper at
par t o f
t h e p et al i s c al l e d t h e l i m
L i n e ar s t r ap sh ape d
st r ap
spe ar
L i n e ar l an c e ol at e,
s h ap e d
L i n e at e d st r eak e d
L i p t h e u pper or u n d er di v i si on o f
l
o sso m
a g a in g
p
L o e d di v i d e d n e ar l y h al f w ay d ow n
i n t o l o es
L u n at e d , c r e scen t sh ape d
,

an s

I n b r i c at e d , t i l ed
I mper fec t o w e r s , su ch as w an t
e i t h er an t h er o r
pi s t i l , or o t h
I n ci s e ser r at e d , g ash ed
I n cr ass at e d , t h i ck en e d u pw ar d s
I n cu m en t , l ean i n g o r r est i n g
ag ai n st
I n cu r ve d ow i n g i n w ar d s
I n d en t e d h ol l ow e d o r d eepl y sc ol
l o pe d
I n ec t e d , en t i n war d s

M al e
st amen s
o w er s
c o n t ai n i n g
b u t n o pi st i l s
o r d er e d
M ar g i n at e
M i d r i b t h e pr i n ci pal n er v e i n t h e
r ib
Mi t r i for m mi t r e for med
M o n il i fo r m, n e ckl ac e sh aped , l i k e
e a d s st r u n g t o g e t h e r
M on opet al ou s, on e p et al l e d
M on o ph y l l ou s , on e l e a fe d
M o n o s per mou s , o n e s eed e d
Mu cr on at ed , sh ar ppoi n t e d at t h e en d
,

xxx

G L O S SA R

Mu l t an g u l ar , man y c or n er e d
M u r i c at e d ,
cov er e d
wi t h
po i n t s

OF

l ar

S h ar

e ar s

s ev er al

fect ow er , h avi n g ot h s t amen s

an d
pi s t i l s
P e r for at e d l e af fu l l of smal l h ol e s
v er
y appar en t w h en h el d u p t o
t h e lig h t
P er fol i at e t h e s t em passi n g t h r ou g h
t h e l e af
P er i an t h c u p or c al y x
er i c ar
p, s ee d v es s el
P er i c h aet i al l eav es su r r ou n di n g t h e
a se o f t h e fr u i t st al k i n mos s es
P er i s t ome , t h e r i m su r r o u n d i n g t h e
mou t h of t h e c apsu l e i n mo s se s
e r man e n t , appl i e d t o c al y xe s e t c ,
r emai n i n
g o n t h e pl an t t il l t h e
fr u i t i s r i pe
P er son at e l ossom g api n g
P e t al i for m, r e sem l i n g a p et al
P e t al , t h e c ol ou r e d l eaves w h i ch
c o n st i t u t e t h e
l o ssom
P e t i o l at e, h av in g l e af s t al k s
P e t i ol e, a l e af st al k
P i l eu s, a cap of a fu n g u s
P il o s e h ai r y
P i n n at i d , fe at h er cl eft
P i n n at ed w i n g e d , a c o mpou n d l e af,
f or me d of sev er al l i t t l e l e av e s fas t
e n e d t o e a ch si d e o f i t
P i n n u l at e w h en e a ch pi n n a i s su b
d i vi d e d
P i st il , par t o f t h e ow er st an di n g
i n t h e ce n t r e , an d c ompo s e d o f
g er m, st y l e an d s u mmi t
P l i c at e pl ai t e d
P l u mose, fe at h er e d
P o d a se e d v es s el
P ol l en , t h e d u st c o n t ai n e d i n t h e
an t h er o f ow er s
P ol y pet al o u s , ma n y pet all ed
P r o c u m e n t , t r ai l i n g
P r ol i fer o u s w h e n o n e l o s som g r ow s
o u t O f an o t h er
P u e s cen t , cov er ed w i t h s o ft w o ol
o r h ai r
P u n c t at e d , d ot t e d
er

o at

S h ape d

y h on ey cu p par t o f o w er
d esi g n e d t o s e cr e t e an d c on t ai n
h on ey
N eu t r al , o w er s w i t h ou t st amen or
pi s t il s an d pr o du ci n g n o s e e d s
N o d e , k n ot
N u cu l e a l i t t l e n u t
ect ar

N
avi cu

P e n t aph y l l ou s v e l eav e d
P e r en n i al , c on t i n u i n g fo r
P

N
N

T ER M

BO TA N I C AL

O bep n i c i n v er s el y co n i c
O c or d at e i n v e r s el y h ear t Sh ape d
O ov at e i n v er s el y e g g S h ape d t h at
i s w i t h t h e small en d d o wn
,

b
b

w ar d s
O sol e t e, i n di st in ct
O c t o d , ei g h t cl e ft

b
b

O li v a c eou s , h av i n g t h e u al i t y o f
o l i v es
O per cu l u m l i d
O r i cu l at e r ou n d an d at
O s s e o u s , h ar d a s o n e
O vat e e g g sh aped
O v at e l an c e ol at e , e g g spe ar sh aped

P
P al at e , t h e i n n e r par t of t h e mou t h
l o s s oms
o f g api n g
P al e ac eou s c h a y
P al mat e h an d s h aped
P an d u r i for m, d dl e sh ape d
ow er s
P an i cl e an ass em l ag e o f
g r o w i n g u pon s u d i vi d e d fr u i t
s t al k s as i n o at s a n d s ome g r a sses
P apil i on a c e ou s b u t t er y sh ape d
P apil l o s e pi mpl ed
P ar asi t i c al g r o w mg o n s o me o t h er
pl an t , n o t o n t h e g r ou n d
P ar t i t e, di v i d e d
P ec t i n at e d c om l i k e
P e d at e, i r d foo t e d
P e d i cl e a par t i al pe d u n cl e , or l i t t l e
f r u i t st al k
P e d u n cu l at e, g r o w i n g on a fr u i t
st al k
P ed u n cl e fr u i t st al k
P el t at e w h e n t h e s t al k i s xe d i n
t h e d i sk , i n s t e a d o f t h e mar g i n
P e n d u l o u s h an g i n g d o w n
P e n t ag o n al , v e c or n er e d
P en t apet al ou s, v e pe t al s

Qu i n at e

v e s

g r ow i n g i n

me

ace

by

a
.

as I n

ach

a cl u s t e r O

p e di cl e t o
c u r r an

i s, t h

e co

o w er s , at

a co

mmo n

t ach e d
s t al k ;

ts

mmo n

l k,

St a

o r r e ce t
p

G L O SS A R

OF

BO T A N

t o wh i ch t h e
o w er s o f g r as se s,
e t c , ar e at t ach e d
adi at e , c om ou n d
o w er s i n w h i ch
p
th e
or e t s i n
t h e c en t r e di ffer
fr om t h ose o f t h e c i r cu mfer en c e
a d i cal , i ssu in
r om
di
at el y
f
i
m
m
e
g
t h e r o ot
adi i , t h e ou t er
or et s o f a r adi at e
co mpou n d o w er
.

R
R
Rm
a

o se ,

r an ch e

R
R

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

b
b

a st e

o s t r at e ,

e ak e d

w h eel - s h ape d
u
g o se, w r i n k l ed
R u n ci n at e, n ot ch e d , t h
poi n t i n g a ck w ar d s
o t at e ,

n o t ch es

S
S ag i t t at e, ar r ow sh ape d
S al v er sh ape d , a l o ss om t u u l ar
o t t o m, at
an d
e xpan di n
g
-

t op

at

at

k
li
h
e a l e
g
S c ape , s t al k
S ci o n s , sh o ot s
car i o se , sk i n n
y
emi b i d , h al f cl eft
S emi cy l i n d r i c al , h al f a cy l i n d er di
v i d e d l en
g t h w i se
S emi n al l e av es, ar i si n g i mmedi at el y
fr o m t h e see d l o es
S er r at ed , t o ot h ed l i k e a saw
S er r u l at e d , v er y mi n u t el y ser r at ed
S es sil e, si t t i n g
et ace ou s,
r i st l e sh a e d
p
r i st l
et o s e ,
y
exan g u l ar , si x si d e d
S h ag g y , r ou g h , wi t h st i ff h ai r s
ca

er

r ou

Sh

eat
st e

m or

S h i el d ,

xxxi i i

membr an e

in

v e st i n

r an ch

l ar k i n d of fr u ct i c a
t i on o f some l i ch e n s
Sh r u by , per en n i al w i t h sev er al
w o o dy st ems
il i cl e , a l i t t l e po d
il i qu e , po d
i mpl e, u n d i vi d e d
i t t i n g , l eav e s h avi n g n o l e af st al k
or
o w er s w i t h ou t a fr u i t -st al k
S padi x, sh eat h e d fr u i t st al k
S pat h e sh eat h
S pat u l at e, at t l e d or e sh ape d
Spi k e, ses sil e o w er s pl ace d al t er
n at el
c h si d e of t h e fr u i t st al k
on
ea
y
S pik el et , a l i t t l e spi k e
S pi n dl e sh ape d , g r adu al l y t aper in g
S pi n os e , t h or n y
Spor i d i a, small , t r an spar en t
o di es
co n t ai n i n g s ee d s
Spu r , sh ape d li k e t h e Spu r o f a c o c k
S u amo se , s c al y
S t amen s l on g sl en d er o di es pl ac e d
i n t h e ow er c u p r ou n d t h e pi st i l
t an d ar d , t h e u pr i g h t pet al o f a
b u t t er y -s h ape d l o ssom
t ell at e, s t ar r y , l e av e s su r r ou n d in g
t h e s t e m i n a w h or l
S t em l e av e s, g r o w i n g i mme di at el y
u p o n t h e s t em
S t i g ma, t h e su mmi t o f t h e pi st il
S t i pes , t h e st al k of a fu n g u s
S t i pi t at e, s t an di n g on a p e di cl e
S t i u l ae, smal l l eav es or scal es at
t e ase o f t h e l e af st al k
t ol on i fer ou s, pu t t i n g for t h su ck er s
t r ap-sh ape d , l o n g an d n ar r o w
t r i at ed , scor e d w i t h sl en d er li n es
t y l e , t h e mi ddl e por t i on o f t h e
i
s
i
l
n e ct i n g t h e st i g ma w i t h
t
c
o
n
,
p
t h e g er m
S u bcy mos e, s omew h at t u ft ed
S u r amo se, a l i t t l e r an ch ed
S u s er r at ed , s omew h at ser r at ed
S u u l at e, aw l sh ape d
u c cu l en t , u i cy
u b s e ssil e , al most s es sil e
S u b fr u t i c o se, s omew h at w o o dy
S u mmi t , t h e t op of t h e pi s t il
S u t u r e, s eam
S w or d sh aped , l on g , n ar r ow , an d
poin t e d

h b

b
b
b

a c i r cu

R ec ept acl e, t h e ase u pon w h i ch t h e

o t h er
par t s O f a ow er ar e pl ace d
e cli n i n
g , en t d o w n w ar d s s o t h at
t h e poi n t o f t h e l eaf i s l o w er t h an
t h e ase
ec u r v e d , cu r v e d d o w n w ar d s
e ect e d ,
a ck
en t
R en i for m, ki d n ey -sh aped
R epen s, cr eepi n g
R epl i c at e d , fo l d e d or pl ai t e d
e t i cu l at e d , v ei n e d l i k e n et w o r k
e v ol u t e , r ol l e d
ack
R et r o exed , d i s t or t e d
h om o i d t r i an g u l ar , t h r ee c or n er
e d di amo n d sh ape d
h o m oi d ov at e,
di amon d
eg g
sh ape d
in g en t , g api n g
o o t l eave s, l eave s pr o c ee din g i m
me di at el y fr om t h e r o ot , w i t h ou t

I C A L T ER M S

T en dr il , a spi r al sh oot
T er mi n al , en d i n g i n

st e

r an ch

or

L O SSA

RY

OF

BO

T er n at e, l eav es , g r o wi n g t h r ee t o
g et h er fr om t h e same poi n t
T essel at e, ch e u er e d
ear s t h e
T h all u s t h e par t w h i ch
fr u ct i c at i on i n li ch en s
T h eca, t h e seed v ess el i n cr y pt o
g ami c pl an t s
T il ed , on e l eaf or scal e par t l y c ov er
i n g an ot h er
T o men t os e, c ot t on y
I r i d , t h r ee cl eft
T r i v al v e d, t h r ee -v al ved
T r u n cat e, l opped
T u n i c at e, c o at ed
T u r i n at e, t op-sh aped

Um el , a c omposi t i on o f o w er s , i n
w h i ch a n u m er o f sl en d er fr u i t
st al k s
pr ocee d fr om t h e same
c en t r e , l ik e t h e spok es o f an u m
r el l a
U n c i n at e, h ook ed at t h e en d
Un d at e , w av ed
Un du l at e, w av ed
Un e u al or e t s w h en t h ose i n t h e
ar e
u m el
c i r c u mfer en c e o f an
l ar g er t h an t h ose i n t h e c en t r e
Un g u l at e, h o of sh aped

C AL

T ER M

Un i v al v e , on e v al v ed
Ur c eol at e, pi t ch er sh aped
-

V
V
V

ag in at e, sh e at

th

al ve s ,

h ed

sev er al

pi eces w h i ch
al s o t h e l e a et s

mpo se a capsu l e
c omposi n g t h e cal y
co

ln

x an

cor ol l a,

r ass es

V il t h e c l y x i n m es
V t i o e di t d d
V
w ty
Ve t i il l t g wmg in wh o l
V i l s bl dd s
e

en

r c

os s

s en

ar

er r u c o se ,

a e,

es c e

ro

r s

er

Vi l l ou s , soft h ai r ed
ol v a, wr apper
-

AN

T I

Wh

or l s ,

l eave s

or

ow er s su r r ou n

i n g t h e s t em i n a r i n g
W in g s , t h e l at er al pet al s of a u t t er
fl y sh ape d l oss om
W i n g e d l eaf, for me d of man y l i t t l e
l eav es g r ow i n g fr o
e ac h si d e of
t h e s t al k
W i n g cl eft , a l eaf cu t d eepl y d own
t h e mi d dl e
W o oll y , cl ot h e d w i t h a pu esc en ce
r ese m l i n g w o ol

C O N T E N T S O F VO L

P AGE

C O N I T UM

JE

PE L L U S
C Y N A PI U M

T H US A

IC U S M U S C A R I US
A N A CA R D I U M S E M E C A R PU S
A

GA R

15
21

U S T UR A
A R N ICA M ON T A N A
AN

SA r c

SA R

TR

BE

In A

UM

O PA

R BE R

UR O P E UM

BE

IS

L L AD

ON N A

Vu L G A B I s

B OV I S T A
B R Y ON

IA

AL

BA

UL A O FF ICIN A L I S
C A M PH O R A

C
C

ALE ND

AN N AB

IS

115
1 34

S A T I VA

P S IC U M A N N UUM
C H A M O M I L L A M A T R ICA R I A
C I N C H O N A O FF ICI N A L I S
C IC U T A VIR O S A
C IN A
C L E M A T I S E R E CT A
C O CC U L U S
C

110

1 43
1 47
1 52
1 68

1 76
1 79
1 8 4:

O FFE A An A B I C A
C O L C H IC U M A U T UM N A L I S

1 90

u cu

210

O N I UM

On

mI s C O L O C YN T H I S

o cu s

C UL A T UM

SA T I v u

C YCL A M E N E

1 99
2 20
23 1

U R O P E UM

238

D I G I T A L I S P UR PUR E A
D R O SE

RA

R O T UN D I

D U L CA M A R A

F O L IA

UPH O R B I A O FF ICI N A R UM
E UPH R A S IA O FF ICI N A R UM
G UA IA C UM O FFI C I N A L E
H E L L E B OR U S N I G E R
H Y O S C YA M U S N I G E R
E

255

26 1
26 8
2 75
2 80

28 5
29 2

TE IC A

FLOR

S
oocl

on /
cs

M
S
si

N ON

YMS A

RE G
I

I t al

S w eet

at

H i st

al l,

F 7
R

u ss

wi t h

se e d s

F r ui t ,

ou

man y

HR

i pu l e s

B or e t s

i n fer i or

et a l s

v e, t h

eh i n

in

n er

on e

SP

le

EC

AR

Win g s

of

pin

exh

en

th

n at

i bi t s

e c t ar i e s an

d ow n

men

st a

i d

mas

ar ch e

mog en

D r e u mu n k e

car

e ou s al

pel s

n o

men ; an d
i mbr i c at e d

aest i v at i o n

in

si

an

an

D ec an d ol l e

of

h el met

or

di sh

men

mpl e

g ul

ar

G er

s c u spi d at e ,

spr e adi n

er s

ec t ar

on e y

me

of

i es

b ag
th

S ty l es

Spu r

spi k e d , o r

s el y

w an t i n g

i g fr om i t
a ck
th e

or

e
so

ot

C ages a l es eg g sh ape d ;
r u g g e d at t h e e d e s o f t h e
g
di cu l ar l y i n t h e e ar t h , w i t h
te

a cu

ar i s n
at

th

at

an

sh ape d

mer ou s

n u

r ecu r v e d

F i l a men t s

F l ow er s d en

St u r mh

er

di st i n ct

C al y x

ar ch e d

b r e s

Lo

of

th

l oosel y

es

e n e ct ar y
an

i cl e d

p
o f t h e l eav e s
.

a seed

men

st a

e sh

pet al

er

an

F ig

y l i n dr i c al

pl ac e d per pen

wi t h

(cal y x

la

r ou n

mer o u s ;

n u

t aper i n g

oo t

st alk s

S t ig

Us

er

A n t /t ee s

H Upp

cu n e at e,

s c

i c al

c on

t ive

S ee d s

mer ou

or

D am

pp
pe du n cu l at e,

aw l - sh ape d

v al v e

c apsu

on es

mi n al

er

n u

d,

or o l

e u

L i n dl ey ) t w o,
l on g t u u l ar
on

B l au

cau

i k sk ap

on n

cor ol l a ;

GE N

A co n i t u m

D e c a n d ol l e

E i s en -h

e xo g en s,

i c at e d

folli cl es

s ee d e d

pe t a s o f

x, n on e

aw l

an

al

im

C ap

P O LY A N D R I A P E N T A GY N I A

an al

F r i ar

C UL A C E ]E

an

D at

G er

Bm
ak P

s,

m vu l g ar e

1 2 35 3 A c on i t u

R
R ER

TH E

N apel l u

s eu

N apel , A c on i t

c oer u l eu

S pa m: N apel o

on

N OS S

it u m

O r d er , R A N U N

s epar at e st

GE N

S t or mb at

I G

ME

N apel l o

1 1 97

H el met F l ower

con

mpl i ci , n

Wolf st an e

(ap

psu l e

ca
.

an

d fo ll i cl e

B axt er )

3 G er men
.

s , st
y

l es, an d st i g mas

FL OR A

2
Th

r ecu r ve d , st al k e d

most

pet al

me

th

or

H I S T O R Y T h

wi l l

d er

or

pl an t

me n t i on e d by N i c an
P au l

bu t t h
th

E g in

u s

d ay

Di o

an

d W o o d vi ll e

au

th

lli
I t ali a

Cy

n u

Th

v z

h
p

gr e e

li i

es

g el

w it h

C at o ,

i me n t ,

w as

pp

su

ve

es e u s

to

h
p

pr i n

tu

o se

u se

Th

h i s d ay

ex

t wo

or

so

u n

tin

wo

er

th

th
.

ol

th

at

l
u r i mu
p

llu s

th

of

to th

is

ea

It

w as

is

ou

th

ld

as s e r

ei r

cou n

tr

as

eo

by
c o e v al

s,

ot h er

se o f e x
o
p

B emet

ly

t ed, t h

at

th

u n c ar e n

j u i ce o f
n ame W o lfsb an e
e

th

s ai d

w as

i n t en d e d

Th

in
eo

g t h e A c on i t e

at
u n

d e ad ly

H e c at e

ab

d e st r o y

by H e c at e

c au s e d

Ut

m pr o n

th

ed ea

mo d e o f pr epar i n

in to th

i cu

y h ad b e c o me

dr i n

b er u s :

on

u r

e.

o r a,

an

in

th

en

o n ou s
o
s
p

er

Th

{ P l a t a r cl

m in

Th

of

A c on i t e ,

wh

eo s ,

e n at u

ar r o w s

en ce

f C

n on

or o n

Al l al u

gr e d i e n t

fabl e d

a so

p ma

er e

it

lu s

cu

at

myt h o l o gi c al h i st or y ; i t

in

i n c i pal i n

men

th

i qu i P ar

al

A co n i t u m

of

W o l fsb an

or

it u m

c on

t i do t es

an

to

mpo si n g t h

b er i

at

y e ar s
l ve s

g ar d en

r
p

mou t h

e
p

e R an u n

th

to

It

A lps d i ppe d t h e i r

in

Th

by

l t e r u m qu o d
t,

g el

S pr en

aeu s ,

D u n bar

to

vi c eabl e

'

fr o m t h

m au t

d,

pr e s en t

d e s cr i b e d

v o c an

n a

th

o s on

A c on i t e

at

u s

ppo s e d t o b e t h

su

B an

th

an

G al en

r u

e t h er

t s,

vi l e n t p

mi n i st e r e d t h em fo r t h e

co

u a

se r

en

as a

D o d on

3
a v es
x
p am

d t o be t h

on e

7r a

r e er r e

to th

er

to

ad

e o ph r as t u s ,

by

sec o n

A con i t u m

ft en

be

d i sc o v e r t h ei r

d it in

to

u se

L yc o c t on

r e er r e

an

to

r ast u s r e at e s

in

lt i vat e d

s o as

r m t o

t oo i n

v en

li i

L e o par d

ot

r
e
p
p
er a i n

Th

A c on i t u m

ovov

Vi a e S u pp
pl an t s

th

b e en

cu

th

e an ci e n

to th

t o wh

as

at

mmar u m) i s

as

gi ve n

d r au gh t

th

or

A c on i t e i s

es,

p i

th

at

o son o u s

to

r as t u s

I t i s r e fer r e d

as

th

A vu or

sp e c i e s ,

S pr e n

th

d ali an ch

er

me

is th

d al i an ch
a
r
p

er s

c o ct or u

r s t

kn o wn

w as

ov

Di o sc o r i d e s ,

d er ,

sa

or

of

t wo

i d e s d e s c r i b e d t w o sp e c i es

sc or

(B axt er )
A xbvi r

ot

di st in g u i sh t h i s fr om

man y d o u b t s

e en

G r e ek s i s t h

e t a, an

ve b

er e

r e a di l

th

an

oo d ,

v e pet al s , t h e u pper on e h oo d ed
e ct ar i es, con c eal e d w i t h i n t h e h oll ow

cl ass an

e sa

of

c or oll a

n ak e d

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

th

en

t sme n

f th

i s pl an t w h

In

l at er

en

t i me s

it

ITU M

ACON

b e en

as

th

b e en

ed

yes

au n

s or

th

an

of

t ed

e ffe c t s ,

di u

a s an

in t o

ic

r et

mac o paei as

on e of

i t s sp e c i e s , t h

u se

as an

d d i aph

by

o r et i c

r e

ar

sc r r

u s an

c an c er

l an t
v er y

ai n

to th
r e

as

an

in th

wh

f S t i r ck ,

pai n

ab

mar k ab l e

scr o u

d i n t er

an

s,

la

ph t h i si s ,

i n t e r mi t t e n t s , d r o psi e s, par aly si s,

ve

r st i n t r o d u c e d i n t o t h e
c h i e y u se d
si n ce
t h en as a

as

S t i r ck , i t w as
h

bu t

as

i ves

n at

ie
y

i mu

b e en
t o pi c al r e me d y i n n e u r algi c an d r h e u mat i c
n ally i n g o u t r h eu mat i sm so me ski n di s e ase s
Ph

ch

li e v e
o

F r om i t s

th

ts

t i me
st

mi e s

ar

A c o n i t u m fe r o x

to

t i spasmo d i c ,

an

o e

se d
o
p

su

an c i e n

wh

w h i ch

B u r me se w ar , i s

an

r e at e d

as

th

with

by t h e
e x t e r n al a ppl i c at i on
di su se u n t i l t h e

i t s po w e r s

b en t s

B i sch

or

i t w as

e,

I t fe ll

in

t e mpt t o d e st r o

at

Bi h k

ks

an

me d i ci n

yn e

an o d

o so n
p

pr e par at i o n

As

mpl oy e d i n t h e

d i an

po i so n

PE LLU S

N A

pi l eps y ,

mau r o si s u t e r i n e affe c t i o n s an d h yper t r o ph y o f t h e h e ar t

T h e n ame o f t h i s pl an t i s d er i v e d ac c o r d i n g t o T h eo ph r ast u s

fr o m A c o n i s ,
wh

g r ew

it

i ch

t o A u ovq,

Wh

me fr o m

n a

th

fr o m

a con

in t o

ar r o w s

p llu
e

r oc

at

pl e

t an

d ar t ,

P li n

ac c or

b ec au s e

di n

s oi

Ot h

th

n e

a sc r

g to

wi t h

ex er s ,
p

d e st i t u t e

mon

in

l:

ou

v ag e

b ou r h o o d o f
i t s e t ymo l o gy

i b es
Bu

r n et t

d u st ,

bu t t h i s

e r s, a

sa

i gh

g ai n

n at

d er i ve i t s

b ec au se t h e
appli es mo r e

d er i v e t h

i on

w or

d i ppe d t h ei r

mad e fr o m t h i s pl an t
Th e
a tu rn i
p fr o m t h e si mi l ar i t y
.

w or d N
of

it s

an

d Ju

r o ot

P er e n

pu r

eo

n a a s,
p

F l ower s

ks

po i s o n

v eg e t ble
D E S C R I PT IO N

to th

os ,

a cn e,

yn i a

e r s,

l
e er z s
a
p

'

on

i s fr o m

Ot h

'

iy

f Bi t h

e t s t on e

A con i t u m n

b u n d an c e

in

a xov

l
g
r ow s
n t
a
p

ci t

lmat e d

i al,

gl ab r o u s

o w er s
Upp er

M ay

l
e
t
a
p

Ju n
h

e,

lmet

ly

h ape d

gmen t s d e eply c u t
c h an n ell e d
an d
t o o t h e d st an d i n g al t e r n at e ly o n
fo o t st alk s ;
t h e u ppe r l e av e s n o t s o d ee ply c u t as t h e l o w e r
S t em er e c t
D e c an d ol l e all o w s n o l e s s t h an
fr o m t w o t o t h r e e fe e t h i gh
Th at w h i ch i s c all e d by M i lle r P y r ami
t w e n t y n i n e v ar i et i e s
d al e i s mo st c o mmon i n o u r g ar d en s b e i n g pr efer r e d o n ac c ou n t
o f i t s l o n g s pi k e o f bl u e o w e r s
L

ea ves

v e w e d g e sh a pe d

in

se

F LO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

g ar e t h e di ffer en t spe ci e sf b e si d e s t h e A c on i t u m
n ap ell u s d esc r i b e d i n
M ar t y n s e d i t i o n o f M il l e r s Di c t i on ar y
1 A con l y coc t on u m G r e at y e ll o w M o n k sh o o d o r W o l fs b an e
o f w h i ch
t h er e ar e t w o v ar i e t i e s ; v i z t h e bl u i sh ash co l o u r e d
o w er o f L i n n aeu s an d t h e A c o n alt i ssi mu m o f M i ll er T h e
c o mmon s o r t g r o w s u pw ar d s o f t h r e e fee t h i gh ; b o t h o w er i n
I n S w e d en i t i s r eck on e d amon g t h e e ar li e st
t h e mi d d l e o f J u n e
i
r st cu lt i v at e d i n t h i s c o u n t r y by G e r ar d e i n
s r i n g o w er s
F
p
1 5 9 6 G r o w s w i l d i n t h e mou n t ai n o u s par t s o f S w e d e n A u st r i a
C ar n i ol a an d S i b er i a A d ec o ct i o n o f t h e po w d er o f t h e r o o t
i s u s e d t o d e s t r o y i e s an d o t h er i n s e c t s 3 b u t i t i s e at en i n s o me
m
i
u n i t y b e i n g mi l d e r t h an s o me o f t h e
r t s o f S w e d en w i t h
a
p
p
T
h
e an c i e n t s b el i e v e d t h at i t w as fat al t o t h o se w h o
s eci es
p
sl e t u n d e r i t
p
N at i v e o f J apan ; t h er e c all e d S oo
2 A con j ap omca m
Th

fol l o w i n

"

'

Hu

so

l l e ave d M on k s
py
h o o d G r o w s w i l d i n t h e P yr e n e e s T ar t ar y an d S i b e r i a F i r st
E n glan d i n 1 7 39
G r o w s t o t h e h ei gh t o f fou r
c u l t i v at e d i n
fe e t an d t h e spi k e n o d s b efor e o w er i n g w h i ch i n t h i s c o u n t r y
I t i s po i so n o u s
i s i n Ju l y
an t l zor a
S alu t ar y M o n k sh o o d as i t h as b e en
4 A con
I t s r o o t h as t w o t o fo u r an g u l ar esh y
er r o n e o u sly c all e d
b u lb s an d a s t em fr o m o n e fo o t t o e i gh t e en i n ch e s h i gh T h e
o w e r s ar e o f a sa lp l za r c ol ou r G r o w s w i l d i n t h e P yr en e e s
A lp s A u st r i a S i b e r i a e t c
F i r s t c u l t i v at e d i n E n gl an d i n
1 5 96
Th er e i s a v ar i e t y o f t h i s w i t h a w h i t e o w e r
P oi
3

oon

r en a z ca

P yr en

ean

fe n

or

n e

so n ou s

eon

oar z e a t a

V ar i e g at e d

mall

k
sh o o d
g
F i r st c u lt i v at e d i n E n gl an d i n
N at i v e o f I t aly an d B oh e mi a
F l o w e r s en d o f J u n e
T w o fe e t h i g h
1752
S pi k e s o f
o w er s sh o r t ; an d t h e c o r o ll as ch an g e fr o m v ar i eg at e d t o
5

'

or

bl u e

on

l
ai n
p

P o i so n

T h e A con

or se s

ou s

w il l eat t h

pel l u s

n a

an

pel l u

e n a

d
s,

mmar u m

ca

wh

en

ar e

th

dr i ed , w i t h

ou

mo st
t in

u r

vi r u l en

t E

u r o pean

spe c i e s

AC O N

0 0 72

C lt i vat
u

h ig h

eon

mac o poei a

ca

P o i so n

PE LLU S

by

ar ac t e r i se d

Ch

ow er
7

d in

N A

m W h i t e W o l fsb an e N at i ve O f t h e L e van t
E n gl an d i n 1 7 39
S o me t i me s u pw ar d s o f si x fe e t

a l bu

ITU M

ou s

i t s t al l st e m, pal mat e

l e ave s

an

d Wh i t e

mmar u m

Th

pan

i c u l at u m o f t h

L o n d on P h

ar

A
l
l
M
on k sh o o d
w
F
r s o f a pal e blu e
e
o
e
p
mu ch l o n g er h elme t an d sh o r t er r ac eme t h an A c o n n apellu s
S t e m h i gh e r
F ou n d w i l d i n S w i t z e r l an d A u st r i a S t yr i a
an d P i e d mo n t
F i r s t c u l t i vat e d i n E n glan d i n 1 7 48 P o i son o u s
b u t fe e bl e c o mpar e d t o t h e n ap ellu s
A v ar i et y w i t h w h i t e
an d v ar i e g at e d o w e r s
8 A 00 72 22720272a t a 7n
A me r i c an M o n k sh o o d N at i ve o f P en n
s yl v an i a
L e av e s S i mi l ar t o t h e n ape llu s ; o w er s r e s embli n g t h e
c ammar u m
C u l t i vat e d i n E n gl an d i n 1 7 7 0 H i gh ly po i s o n o u s
Hi gh ly po i so n ou s
9 A 0 0 72 fer ox
N at i v e o f In di a
P

u r

10

eon

n eo

mon t an u m

t en t r z on

13

a e

i
p

o so n o u s

A u st r i a, C

A si at i c ,
c o n si

d ou

L o cA L I T I E

vol u

l 4

bi l e

i o la ,

In

an

o t h er

i ve

par t s

eon

of

S w e d en

u ro

0 0 72

pe

s ep

A ll

S wi t z e r

On

c er n u u

lt h o u gh by

B r i t i sh ;

on e

n at

th

12

n ce,

b t fu l
-

eon

t a a r i ea m

A me r i c an

on e

d er e d

ar n

c on

O
Fr a
I
T
I
B
U
T
I
N
R
S
D

G E O GR A P H IC A L

l an d

11

'

e s

so

p ec i e s

me i t i s

mou n

t ai n

di st r i c t s

ou s

W at er y

Ca

rn

i o l a,

l
es
by
h
c
a
t
e
si d e o f
p
F i r s t d i s c o v e r e d i n a w i l d s t at e by t h e R e v E d w ar d
s t r e ams
W h i t eh e ad o f C h r i st ch u r ch C oll eg e O xfo r d i n 1 8 1 9 D evon
s l 22r e
I n so me pr o fu si o n o n t h e ma r g i n o f a li mpi d st r e am b e lo w
H
er e or d s l n r e
el l M i ll ; F
1
7
2
R
n
d
r
V
i
t
h
r
i
n
8
D
V
e
a
f
n
g
I n a t r u l y w i l d st at e by t h e si d e of t h e r i v er T e me an d i n gr e at
ab u n d an c e o n
t h e b an k s o f a b r o o k r u n n i n g i n t o t h at r i v e r ;
E W o f C h r i st c h u r ch C ol l e g e O x on 1 8 1 9
B an k s o f a b r o o k
n e ar
L i t t le H er e for d ; D r L l o y d
S omer s et sl t l r e I n w at er y
g r o u n d o n b o t h si d es o f a b r o o k at F o r d n e ar W i ve li s c o mb e
an d M i l v e r t on
w h e r e i t g r o w s i n g r e at ab u n d an c e an d i s c ol
l e c t e d for me d i c i n al pu r po s e s
S w e d en

et c

In

l
an d
g

'

F LO R A

OD

OF

ED I C I N E T h e R o o t F l ow e s a d L e
P R EP A R A T I O N T h e H mm pat h i c P h a m c p

PA R T S US E D
M

H O M (E O I A T H I C A

IN

s,

av e s .

a o

ue a

xpr e ss e d j u i c e o f t h e r e c en t plan t t o b e
mi x e d w i t h e qu al qu an t i t y o f spi r i t s o f w i n e an d aft er an i n t er
v al o f t w e n t y fo u r h o u r s t h e c l e ar l i qu i d t o b e po u r e d o ff
On e
d r o p o f t h i s i s t o b e sh ak en t w i c e w i t h n i n e t y n i n e d r o ps o f
s ir it s
mar k e d w i t h t h e S i gn
of
wi n e
an d
A ft e r
p
w ar d s t h i s i s t o b e at t e n u at e d d o w n t o t h e 3 ot h d i l u t i o n by
d i lu t i on t o n i n e t y n i n e d r o ps o f
a d d i n g o n e d r o p o f t h e 1 st
t i ll t h e 30t h
so
on
i s o b t ai n e d
an d
s pi r i t s o f w i n e
The
q u a l i t i e s o f t h e r o o t an d expr e ss e d j u i c e v ar y mu ch ac c or d in g t o
a e an d i f k e pt l on g er t h an a fe w mon t h s b e c o me t o t al ly i n er t
g
P ay n e of M i l v e r t on
n d s t h e pr epar at i on
Mr
R eu b en
mad e fr o m t h e pl an t g at h er e d i n S o mer s e t sh i r e mu ch mor e
p o w er fu l t h an t h at pr o c u r e d fr o m t h e b e s t h o u se s i n L o n d o n
Th i s i s pr o b ably o w i n g t o t h e ab o v e c au se
T h e pr op e r t i me
o f g at h e r i n g t h e r o o t fo r me di c i n al
pu r p o s e s i s b e fo r e t h e s t e m
i n J u ly an d A u g u st
sh o o t s ; o f t h e w h o l e pl an t
P O I S O N OU S E FF E C TS
T h e p oi s on ou s e ffe c t s o f me di c i n al
su b s t an c e s o n t h e an i mal ec o n o my o r t h e e xh i b i t i o n o f o v er l ar g e
d o s e s o f an y me d i c i n e ar e mo st i n t e r e s t i n g t o t h e h o mcn o
i
st ;
ac c or di n g t o t h e l aw w h i ch
g
v
t
h
e r n s t h em i n
t
h
ei r
a
o
p
t r e at men t o f d i se as e t h e se e ffe c t s assi st t o i n d i c at e t h e g en er al
o f e ach
me d i ci n al su b s t an c e an d fr o m i t s b an e fu l
a ppli c at i o n
c o n s e qu e n c es i t s b e n e c i al u s e s t o man k i n d ar e ma d e appar en t
T h e fo ll o w i n g ar e so me o f t h e mo s t i n t e r e st i n g c as e s w h i c h
h av e o ccu r r e d o f po i son i n g by t h i s plan t an d w h i c h d e mo n
s t r at e i t s p e cu l i ar sy mpt o ms an d ac t i o n s
A b o y at e s ome o f t h e l eav e s i n st e ad o f par sl ey ; i n t w o h o u r s
b u r n i n g sen s at i on i n t h e mo u t h t h r o at an d st o mach c ame o n
O n i n sp ec t i on t h e c er e b r al
fo ll o w e d by S w o o n i n g an d d e at h
v essels w er e fo u n d en or mo u sly di st en d e d w i t h a d ar k c olo u r e d
u i d ; a d e ep i n ammat o r y bl u sh ext en d ed o ver t h e w h o l e
mu c o u s su r fac e o f t h e s t o mach w i t h d ar k c ol o u r e d pat c h e s
(Q u i n )

or

d er s t h

(M ed

C h in

ev ew ,

J ul y

CO N IT UM

N A

P E LLU S

g r ai n s) o f t h e fr esh e x t r ac t w as g i ve n t o t h r ee
I n a q u ar t e r
pat i e n t s at t h e h o spi t al o f B or d e au x by mi st ak e
o f an
h o u r t r e mo r s o f t h e mu s cl e s an d a pr i cki n g s e n s at i on
o ver
t h e w h o l e b o d y c ame o n
fo l lo w e d by v o mi t i n g u n c o n
s c i ou sn e ss fo r
a t i me
an d aft e r w ar d s c o n fu s i on
o f s i gh t
with
i n t e n s e h e ad ach e c o l d an d c l ammy sk i n pu ls e sl o w an d i r r e
g u lar r e spi r at i on sh o r t an d h u r r i e d ; on e d i e d t h e o t h er t w o
s l o w ly r e c o v e r e d
D r G e o gh an (D u b M ed J ou r 1 8 4 2) s t at es a c as e o f po i s on
i n g by t h e le a v e s o f A c on i t e
T wo mi n u t es aft e r eat i n g b u r n i n g
h e at i n t h e mou t h t h r o at g u ll et an d st o mach en su e d w i t h s en sa
t i o n o f s w e lli n g o f t h e fac e
g en er al fe eli n g o f n u mb n ess an d
c r e e i n g o f t h e ski n ; r es t l e ssn e s s ; di mn e ss o f s i g h t
p
; s t u po r
an d
par t i al i n s en si bi li t y ; fr o t h i n g at t h e n o se an d mou t h ; j aw s
u r g i n g ; a s en s e o f t e n d e r n ess
an d h an d s c l e n ch e d ; v o mi t i n g
p
s w o o n i n g an d d e at h
at t h e e i g ast r i u m
p
A man b o i l e d t h e fr e sh r o o t an d l e av es an d h alf an h ou r
aft er e at i n g t h e m w as f o u n d i n b e d r o lli n g h i s ar ms ab o u t an d
fo ami n g at t h e mou t h ; pu pi l s w i d ely di l at e d ; l o w e r e x t r e mi t i e s
n d
ar
a
ly
s
r
ac
e
c
o
l
d
a
c
l
a
m
m
y
g
r
s
l
u
a
e
d
s
u
f
ea
t
n
a
e
u
;
;
;
p
p se
f
s c ar c e ly
e t i bl e
o ll o w e d by i n s e n si b i li t y an d d e at h
e
r
c
p
p
T h e fo ll o w i n g ar e r el at e d by D r P er ei r a
A man
h i s w i fe an d c h i l d at e s o me r o o t s at d i n n e r at t w o
o c l o ck
by mi st ak e fo r h o r s e r adi sh T h e gr e at er par t w as
at e n by t h e man
Th r e e q u ar t er s o f an h o u r aft er d i n n er t h e
man c o mpl ai n e d o f b u r n i n g an d n u mb n ess o f t h e li ps mo u t h
an d w as a ec o m
an d t h r o at w h i ch s o o n e x t e n d e d t o t h e s t o mach
p an i e d by v o mi t i n g o f h i s d i n n e r an d aft er w ar d s o f a fr o t h y
mu c u s H i s e xt r e mi t i e s w er e c o l d b u t h i s ch e s t w ar m ; h i s
h e a d w as b at h e d i n a c o l d s w e at ; h i s e y e s gl ar i n g ; e x c e ssi v e
t r e mbl i n g an d v i o l e n t pai n i n t h e h ead ; li ps blu e ; n o c r amp
H
e di e d
ed
s asm o r co n v u l si o n
e
c
b
g
t
r
a
h
i
n
w
as
u
n
a
ff
h
i
s
e
t
p
a
ppar e n t ly i n a fai n t i n g s t at e ab o u t fo u r h o u r s aft e r d i n n e r
T h e w o man w as affe c t e d i n a S i mi l ar w ay
S h e h ad t h e
an d
s ame b u r n i n
h
r o at
h
t
an
d
n u mb n es s o f t h e l i s
m
o
t
u
g
p
A d o s e ( ve
,

FL O R A

st o

mach

s en sat i o n

l o st

of

th e

vi ol e

an

mb n

n u

o w er

e ss
ar

H O M GEO P A T H I C A

mi t i n
at i n

Sh

th e

in

t i cu l

an

d s,

x pe r i e n c e d a
ar ms an d l e g s
e

t empt s t o

at

er

i ou

d Sh

cu r
an

p e ak w e r e

ly ; gr e at mu s cu l ar d e
bi l i t y
u n abl e t o st an d ;
of t h e
e x t e r n al
s e n s es w e r e
so me
di s or d e r e d
t h o u gh h er e y e s w er e
t o u s e h er o w n e xpr e s si o n
w i d e O p en
h e r si gh t w as v er y d i m an d su r r o u n di n g o bj e c t s
w e r e s e en i n d i s t i n c t ly
t h e s en si b i li t y o f t h e b o d y w as g r e at ly
i mpai r e d ; h e r fac e an d t h r o at w e r e almo st i n sen si bl e t o t h e
t o u ch ; s h e w as v e r y gi d d y b u t n ei t h e r d eli r i o u s n o r sl e ep y ;
h er b o d y an d e x t r e mi t i e s w e r e c o l d ; sh e w as fr e qu en t ly pu lli n g
h er t h r o at ab o u t b u t sh e kn ew n o t w h y
F i v e o r si x h ou r s
aft er w ar d s sh e b e g an t o r e c o v er
T h e ch i l d w as si mi l ar ly b u t sli gh t ly affec t e d ; li k e t h e o t h er s
sh e w as c o n st an t ly
pu t t i n g h er h an d s t o h e r t h r o at (P er et r a s
ded w i t h

at t e n

u n

i n t e lli gi bl e

so u n

ds

on

at

M ed

Sh

er

ar

con

ite )
.

men t i o n

w en

c as e

femal e po i son

ed

by

th

g w er e t h e ch i ef sy mp
t o ms F i v e mi n u t e s aft er sw all o w i n g i t sh e w as sei z e d w i t h pr i c k
li n g an d t i n gli n g d ow n t h e ar ms an d n g er s pai n fu l n u mb n ess
acr o ss t h e w r i st s
; t h e t o n g u e an d mou t h n e xt fe l t t h e s ame ;
t h en t h e l e g s an d fe e t ; i n l ess t h an t en mi n u t e s h e r fac e s e e me d
t o h er t o b e sw elli n g an d h er t h r o at g e t t i n g t i gh t ; sh e fe l t si ck
an d mad e man
sh e w as
l
h
er
e g s fai l e d ;
effo r t s t o v o mi t ;
y
almo st bli n d b u t w as c o n s c i o u s o f h e r s t at e
t h e e y e s w er e x e d
an d
pr o t r u d e d w i t h c o n t r ac t e d pu pi l s ; c o u n t en an ce li v i d ;
j aw s an d fau c es r i g i d ; ar ms an d h an d s qu i t e c o l d an d pu l se
l e ss ; l eg s an d t r u n k mu ch i n t h e s ame st at e ; b r e at h i n g sh o r t
i mper fect an d l abor i o u s w i t h fee bl e u t t er i n g o f t h e h ear t
A s t r o n g c on vu l si on oc cu r r e d o n at t empt i n g t o g i ve an e me t i c
F i ve h o u r s aft er
C o pi o u s v o mi t i n g aft er w ar d s t o o k pl ac e
5 8 p er
t ak i n g t h e po i son
t h e pu l se w as b ec o mi n g fu ll
mi n u t e an d i n t er mi t t i n g ; t h e r e w as l ess O ppr e s si on at t h e
h
e v en t u ally r e
r
a
e
c
o
r
S
e
l
l
g
d
i
a
n
i
s
er
e
r
e
r
d
u
w
a
h
a
t
e
p
p p
l

a co

li c t i n c t u r e o f t h e r o o t

Th

foll o w i n
,

co

ve r e d (L an cet
.

ar c c 2 5 ,

ITU M

AC O N

Th

e r oot o f

w er

th

of

T wo

th

A c o n i t u m n apell u s w as g i v e n t o fo u r b r i g an d s
h avi n g e xpe r i en c e d mo st v i o l e n t pai n s ,
aft er

v e d by

PE LLU S

N A

sa

ap

me an

pr o pr at e

th

ot

t wo

di e d

er s

In

g sympt o ms S o me h o u r s aft e r
t h e fac e w as
t h e a d mi n i st r at i o n o f t h e r o o t h e b e c ame i mb e ci l e
s yn c o e ;
s asms an d
as h yx i a ;
c ov er e d by a c o l d s w e at ;
p
p
p
i n v o lu n t ar y alv i n e d ej e c t i o n s ; v o mi t i n g o f b i li o u s mat t e r ;
M
a t t l n ol u s
an d h e d i e d apo l e c t i c
s w e ll i n g o f t h e w h o l e b o d y
(
p
on e

t h e se

w er e t h

fo llo w i n

'

D i os cor i d

W i lli s
aft e r

e at i n

L in

a s a ad c o n

th

vi g

ca d

an

th

t ai n
at

wh
n ot

s o on

g man i ac al
so

i gn

so

or an

qu en

ce

ll e d

w as

th

e c au s e

ca

su r

me o f t h

in

ve y

to

i t w as p er fe c t ly i n

ft er di e d i n

or

A c on i t e

r e sc r

t t i me

i bed t h

llo w e d

sw a

h is

to

geo n
t ak e

l eav e s b ec ame man i ac al

as si s t an c e d e c l ar e d t h at

f h i s d i s or d er ,

me fr e sh l e av es o f t h

r e u s n

c on se

e at en

at

in
an

d di ed i n

g eon

e su r

t h e c o mpan

an

d yi n

h i s p at i en t

on

p l an t w as

l e av e s

th

r e at e s ,

m h i ms elf

d th

man

w h i ch

ts

r
o
p

A p er so n h
an

r e

n aeu s

le aves
th

n o c en

g r e at

t,

g on y

an

d to

con

vi n c e

fr e e ly o f t h

e at e

(M or d 2n

K el

j u i c e o f A c on i t e i n t r o d u c e d i n t o a s mall w o u n d i n t h e
t h e n g er s an d ar ms ;
c ar di alg i a ;
t h u mb e x c i t e s p ai n s i n
an xi e t y w i t h fe ar
o f su ffo c at i o n ; li p o t h y mi a (fai n t i n g ) ; ag i t a
t i o n ; g an gr en e ; ab u n d an t su ppu r at i on
(A l ber t i J u n ot M ed
Th

vi

O r l a

r e at es

mi st ak e ;
su

th

r ee

ffe r e d fr o m

th

at

of

v e pe r so n
th

s e n sat o n s

m di e d
o

p ar t o o k

two

bu r n i n g

in

of

aft er

ou r s

th

th

l e av e s by
Th

ev

ll

gu s
v o mi t i n g vi o len t

th

r o at

oes o ph a

b d omen ; d esi r e t o v o mi t ; an d w h en
c o l i c s sw e ll e d fac e an d v er y t u mi d ab d o me n
S o me o f t h e l e av e s o f A c o n i t e h ad b e en e at en by a man
as a s al ad
an d t h e fo ll o w i n g w e r e t h e c h i ef s ympt o ms c o m
S e n sat i on o f t i n gli n g h e at w h i ch d i d n o t o n ly
pl ai n e d o f
affe c t t h e t on g u e b u t h i s j aw s s o t h at t h e t ee t h s e e me d l o o s e
an d h i s ch e ek s w er e s o mu c h i r r i t at e d t h at h e c o u l d sc ar c e b e
an

FL O R A

10

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ll e d t o t w i c e i t s pr o pe r
si z e
Th i s t i n gli n g sen s at i on spr e ad i t s el f fu r t h e r an d fu r t h e r
h ad t ak e n h o l d o f h i s w h o l e b o d y
t i ll i t
e s e c i al ly
th e
p
H e h a d u n s t e ad i n e s s i n t h e j o i n t s e sp e ci al l y o f
e xt r e mi t i e s
so t h a t
t h e k n e e s an d an kl e s w i t h t w i t ch i n g o f t h e t e n d o n s
h e c o u l d s c ar c e w alk ac r o s s t h e r o o m ; h e t h o u gh t t h at i n al l
h i s li mb s h e fe lt a S en s i bl e s t o p t o t h e c i r c u l at i o n o f h i s bl o o d
an d t h at fr om t h e w r i s t s t o t h e n g er e n d s an d fr o m t h e an kl es
t o t h e t o e s t h er e w as n o c i r c u l at i o n at al l ; g i d di n e ss o f t h e
h e ad ; e y e s mi st y an d w an d e r i n g ; h u mmi n g an d h i ssi n g n o i s e
i n h i s e ar s fo llo w e d by s yn c o p e ; s t r en g t h an d spi r i t s e x
h au st e d h e mu s t n e e d s l i e d o w n (aft er v o mi t i n g pr o d u c e d by
t ak en t o ej e c t t h e c on t en t s o f t h e s t o mac h ) ; pu l s e
et c
oil
so me t i mes
b e at i n g t w o o r t h r e e
i n t e r r u pt e d an d i r r e g u l ar
s t r o k e s v er y q u i c k t o g e t h e r
(P h i l os T r an s v ol xxxvi i i p
I f t h e l e av e s o r t h e r o o t ar e ch e w e d a t i n gli n g s e n sat i o n
w i t h n u mb n e s s i s pr o d u c e d ; an d i f a r at h er l ar g e r
u an t i t y b e
q
t ak e n t h e p al at e an d t h r o at ar e affe c t e d
I t appe ar s as i f t h e
v e l u m an d so ft
al at e w e r e e l on g at e d an d r e st e d o n t h e d or s u m
p
o f t h e t o n gu e ; t o r e li e v e t h i s
fr e qu e n t at t empt s ar e mad e t o

s w all o w
(P er ezr a a r t A con i t e ) I t h as b e e n afr me d al so
t h at t h e e ffl u v i u m o f t h e pl an t h as pr o d u c e d fai n t i n g t s
e i t h er
D r F l e mi n g c on si d e r s t h at t h e p o i s on may c au se d e at h
by pr o d u ci n g a pow e r fu l se d at i ve i mpr e ssi on on t h e n er vo u s
s y s t e m (as i n t h e c as e o f D r M al e o f Bi r mi n g h am) by par al
s
y
i n g t h e mu sc l e s o f r e spi r at i on an d c au si n g asph yxi a ; o r by pr o
d u c i n g sy n c o pe
A p o i son o u s d o s e pr o d u c e s1 s t n u mbn ess
a n d b u r n i n g h e at i n
t h e mo u t h t h r o at an d s t o mach ; pai n i n
d i mi n i sh e d se n si b i li t y
t h e ab d o me n w i t h s i ck n e ss an d v o mi t i n g
o f t h e su r fac e w i t h se n sat i o n o f w e i g h t an d f u l n e s s o f di e r en t
p ar t s o f t h e b o d y e sp e c i ally t h e fac e an d ear s : 2 md v e r t i g o ;
d i mn e ss o f v i si o n o r c o mpl e t e bli n d n e ss ; si n g i n g i n t h e e ar s ;
d e afn e s s ; fr o t h i n g at t h e mo u t h ; s e n se o f c o n st r i c t i on o f t h e
t h r o at ; gr e at s e n se o f d e b i l i t y
a t r e mbl i n g pu l s e small fe e b l e
i mper c ept i bl e ; e x t r e mi t i e s an d s u r fac e
an d i r r e g u l ar
an d t h e n
d
u
a
d
e
er
s
p

b u t t h at h i s fac e w as

sw e

'

'

'

ACON I

TU M

N A

PE LLU S

11

l mmy c o u n t en an c e blan ch e d ; blo o d les s li ps ; fo l

lo w e d g en er ally by su d d en d e at h
T h e c o mmo n appe ar an ce

i n sp e c t i o n i s g en er al c on g e st i on o f t h e v en o u s s yst e m
on
co

ld

an

c a

(F l emi n g
O rla
an

on
r e

N ap

mar k s t h

e ffe c t s o n

th

at

fr o m t h

va

man fr ame i t
,

i ou

s e

r e su

xper i men t s

lt s

th

th

at

i mal s ,

an

on

d i ff e r e n t pr e

b
so r b e d an d t r an sp or t e d i n t h e c u r r e n t
p
o f t h e c i r c u l at i on ; t h at t h e y ac t s pe c i ally o n t h e n e r v o u s s ys t em
w h e r e t h e y pr o d u c e a so r t o f
t h e b r ai n
an d par t i cu l ar ly o n
me n t al ali en at i o n ; t h at t h e y e x e r c i se b e si d e s a lo c al i r r i t at i o n
i n ammat i o n mo r e or l e ss i n t e n se ;
c apabl e o f d e v e l o i n g an
p
t h at t h e y appe ar t o ac t u po n man as t h e y d o u p o n an i mal s
I t w i ll b e s e en t h e r efo r e t h at e v e r y par t o f t h e fr e sh pl an t
i s s t r o n gly poi so n o u s b u t t h e r o o t i s p ar t i cu l ar ly v i r u l e n t an d
man y i n st an c e s o f i t s fat al e e c t s ar e r e c o r d e d b o t h by an c i en t
an d mo d e r n w r i t e r s
w h en
n e v e r t h e l es s as fr e qu e n t ly h appe n s
r i h tl
g
y u n d er s t oo d qu ali t i e s t h e mo st b an e fu l may b e c o n v e r t e d

i n t o ble s si n g s
M ED I C A L US E S (H O M mO P A T H I C )
T h e pr o vi n g s o f A c o n i t e
by H ah n eman n h ave g i v en t o t h e h o maaopat h i c pr ac t i t i o n er
i f n ot
a
r e me d y
w h i ch
mu s t e v er h e l d a pr o mi n en t
ar mac o p oei a
T
h
e fo ll o w i n g
l
ac e
i
n
ou r
P
h
re
t h e r st
a
p
h i s o b se r v at i o n s u pon t h i s me di c i n e i n h i s M a t er i a M ed i ca
P ura
A lt h o u gh t h e s ympt o ms d e t ai l e d d o n o t fu lly e x
of t h i s
r e ss
al l
t
h
e
m
e d i c i n al po w e r
p
pr e c i o u s pl an t t h e y
affo r d t h e d i s c e r n i n g h o moeo p at h i st t h e me an s o f j u d g i n g h o w
far i t i s u s e fu l i n c e r t ai n s t at e s o f d i se as e i n w h i ch t h e an t i
l
g
l
h
i
st i c t r e at men t o f t h e o l d pr ac t i c e h as h i t h er t o b e e n a
o
i
d
e
p
pp
I r e fe r t o pu r e ly i n ammat o r y fe v er s i n w h i c h a small d o se o f
A c on i t e t aki n g t h e pl ac e o f al l an t i pat h i c r e me di es p r o d u c e s
a r e a d y c u r e w i t h o u t an y s u b se q u e n t affe c t i o n s
I n me asl e s t h e pu r pl e mi li ar y fe v er i n ammat o r y fe ve r w i t h
t h e e ffi c ac y o f t h i s pl an t i s mo st po w e r fu l pr o
l
e u r i sy e t c
p
ab s t ai n i n g fr o m e v e r y
v i d e d t h e pat i e n t o b s e r v e s a c o o l di e t
t h i n g me d i c i n al e v en fr o m v e g e t abl e ac i d s
i

ar at o n s o

f A c on i t e

ar e a

'

F LO R A

12

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

g fr om o u r s ys t e m all
o r d i n ar y u s ag e w h i ch i s t o o o ft en
i magi n ar y di s e ase s i t i s n e c essar y
B an i sh i n

i de a

th

d i t i on
th

s,

ei r

u n

c au s e d

by

th

r es e

at

th

ympt o ms

i s me d i c i n

a st r on

It s

mbl an

l gy

an a o

s u c c e ss

is th

en

ou

t o th

ld

in

me s o f
c on

pr e sen t , i n
wh

o se

mo st

at

n a

mo r b i d

ar y
i
m
p
s

to th

ce

th

A c on i t e i s pr e p o s e d ,

d er w h i ch

pr i n ci pal

u e n c e d by

in

i ch

s at i s fac t o r

ar e

ammat or y fe v er s w h er e i t h as b e en i magi n e d
t h at t h e pat i en t c an al o n e b e r e l i e v e d by c o pi o u s an d r e pe at e d
bl e e d i n g s H o me o pat h y ass er t s i t s gr e at s u per i or i t y i n b ei n g
by t h e u s e o f t h i s me di c i n e abl e t o o v er c o me fever s an d r e st or e
h e al t h i n a sh o r t er p er i o d o f t i me t h an u n d e r t h e al l o pat h i c
t r e at men t w i t h o u t b e i n
o bli g e d t o sh e d a si n gl e d r o
o f bl o o d
p
g
t h at vi t al u i d w h i ch h as b ee n so o ft en d an g er o u sly l avi sh e d
u n d e r t h e o l d s y s t em
I t i s s o me t i me s r e qu i si t e i n ac u t e d i sor d er s t o u se an o t h e r
h o mmo pat h i c me d i c i n e t o r e mo v e t h o s e mor b i d s ympt oms t h at
s t i ll r e mai n aft er t h o s e w h i ch t h e A c o n i t e h as su b d u e d ; b u t i t
i s sel d o m n e e d fu l t o r e pe at t h e d o s e o f A c on i t e
B y g i vi n g A c o n i t e w i t h t h e se pr e c au t i o n s i n t h e d i s eases t o
w h i ch I r efer t h e c i r cu l at i on by d eg r e e s r e t u r n s t o i t s u su al st at e
A l t h o u gh fr o m t h e sh o r t d u r at i on o f i t s ac t i on w h i ch i n
d oses d o e s n o t e x c e e d t h i r t y si x o r fo r t y e i gh t h o u r s
smal l
A c o n i t e w o u l d appe ar t o b e u s efu l o n ly i n ac u t e c as e s y e t i t i s
i n w h i ch t h e
n o t l es s s o i n t h e mo st o b st i n at e ch r o n i c di sor d er s
c o n d i t i o n o f t h e b o d y r e qu i r e s t h e mo di c at i o n of w h at i s c all e d
a su bj e c t u pon
w h i ch I c an n o t n o w e n l ar g e
r i g i d i t y of br e
I t s e f c ac y i n su ch c as es r e su lt s fr o m t h e d e ve l o pme n t o f t h e
sy mpt o ms pr o d u c e d by i t i n t h e h eal t h y s u bj e c t
A c on i t e i s als o t h e c h i e f an d mo st po w er fu l me an s o f c u r e i n
i n se v e r al spe c i e s o f an g i n a as w e ll as i n l o c al a cu t e
t h e cr ou p
i n ammat i o n i n o t h e r par t s o f t h e b o d y e spe c i al ly w h en t h i r s t
an d a q u i c k pu l se ar e c o n n e c t e d w i t h r e st l ess i mp at i e n c e ag i t a
t i o n t h at n o t h i n g c an su ppr e ss an d a a c t i t at i on l i k e t h at c au s e d
I t pr o d u c es w h e n g i v e n i n h e al t h
by A c o n i t e
al l
th e
mo r b i d sy mpt o ms man i fe st e d by per son s u n d er t h e i n u en c e o f

In

ac u

te

in

A CON

fe ar ,

co

o f cu r i n

mb i n e d

th

wi t h

b o ve

al l , o

r ese

g er

an

m r api d ly

W h en e v er

ITU M
an

PE LLU S

N A

d it is

a so

13

mo st

th e

c er

t ai n

me an

A con i t e i s

c h o s en

b ser v e mor a l sympt o ms

moe0 pat h i cal l y

d be

an

c ar e fu

l t h at

mu st

ou

it

c o se

ly

mbl e s t h e m

A
t o ms

i t e i s fo u n d

con

ar i s i n

fr o m

su

g r e at

se r

ppr e ssi o n

of

ll ayi n g al l b ad sy mp
or
s ecr e t i o n s al ar m ag i t at i o n

vi c e

in

fe ar

IC A L O B S E R V A T I O N s N oacl c an d T r i n ks A c on i t e i s
e s pec i ally s u i t abl e t o i n d i v i d u al s
i
l
h
l
v
e ly
of a
h
c
ab i t
e
t
o
r
i
p
ch ar ac t e r
b i l i o n er v o u s o r s an g u i n e o u s t e mper amen t d ar k h ai r
b r i gh t c o mpl exi o n an d t o o l d pe opl e C on g e st i o n o f blo o d i n
d iffer e n t o r g an s ; acu t e i n ammat i o n o f al l o r g an s ; v i o l en t
h aemo r r h ag e s ; at t ac k s o f vi o le n t g en er al pai n ; effe c t s o f fr i gh t
an g e r
an d c h ag r i n ; b i li o u s affe c t i on s
y ello w n ess o f ski n as i n
j au n di c e ; c on g e s t i on o f blo o d t o t h e h ead w h en c omb i n e d w i t h
v e r t i g o ; h e ad ach e ; c at ar r h al aff ec t i o n s ; g r e at li ab i l i t y t o c at c h
c o l d ; t h e e x an t h e mat a
i n t h e r st st ag e s ; er ys i pe l as n e t t l e
e s e c i ally o f
r ash ;
sy n o c h al fe v e r s ;
ac u t e r h e u mat i sm
th e
p
j oi n t s acu t e ar t h r i t i s g o u t ; n e u r algi a ; fai n t i n g t s ; d e men t i a
an x i e t y ;
with
of
eat h
an d
g
r e at
d
o ph
ap r e h e n s i on
p
bl e e d i n g at t h e n o se (e pi st axi s) ; c at ar r h al i n amma
t h al mi a
t i o n o f t h e t on si l s p al a t e an d ph ar yn x ; h aemat e mesi s ; pe r i t o
me t r o r r h agi a ; cr ou p ; h ae mo pt y si s ; pl e u r i t i s ;
ac t i v e
n it is
b r o n ch i t i s an d pn e u mo n i a (i n r st st ag e g en e r ally) ; o r g an i c
l eft si d e o f t h e h ear t ; h yper t r oph y o f t h e
affe c t i o n s o f t h e
C

LIN

e ar

c on

On
A

co

mpar i n

th

i t e , i t w i ll b e

h o moeo pat h i c

th

s e en

at

bot h

llo pat h i c u s e s o f
sy s t e ms h av e gi v e n
t h is
an

me di ci n e o c c asi o n ally fo r t h e same d i s e as es ; b u t t h at t h e

h o moeo p at h i s t s h av e b e en l e d t o t h e u se o f i t i n d i se as e fr o m t h e
s

ympt o ms

d o s e s,

h
a

as

on

i t pr o d u

ben

mber

ei t h e r

in

l ar g e

or

in

r e p e at e d

mall

lt h ; w h i lst u n d er t h e ol d sch o o l i t
e m i r i c ally c h i e y b ec au s e i t i s su ppo s e d t o b e
p
an d t h e r e fo r e u s e fu l i n
all ayi n g i n c r e ase d pai n

per s on

b e en g i v e n

c es ,

in

ea

FL O R A

14
an

d i r r i t at i o n

it

may b e
I t mu

th

is

an

as cr

st

ll

e n er

ou s

y st e m ;

i b e d t o i t s s pe c i c , i

a so

f th

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

be

o t h er

su

r e

me mb er e d

b s t an c e s

c an

th

bu t wh

en e

v er

h o moeo pat h i c

at

th

ac t o n

h o moeo pat h i c

(o w i n

n ev er

c u r at i

t o th

e,

u se

mo d e

bl
e d e g r e e o f d an g e r fr o m
y p
t h e i r p o i son ou s qu ali t i e s b u t t h at u n d e r t h e ol d sy s t e m t h e s e
me di c i n e s o ft en i n j u r i o u s fr o m t h e man n er o f e xh i bi t i n g t h e m
may al so b ec o me e i t h e r fr o m i n ad v er t en c e o r i gn or an c e mo s t
fat al i n t h ei r e ffec t s
A N T I D O T E S A ci d s an d w i n e ; t o i t s po i s on ou s e ffec t s
vi n eg ar
H e s ay s
G er ar d e i n h i s H er b al g i v e s a c u r i ou s an t i d o t e
I t gr ow e t h on t h e mo u n t ai n s o f
spe ak i n g o f t h e A c on i t e
Rh aet i a an d i n su n d r y plac e s o f t h e A lps w h e r e y o u sh all n d
t h at t h e g r ass t h at g r o w e t h r o u n d i t e at en u p w i t h c at t l e b u t
n o p ar t o f t h e h e r b i t s e l f t ou ch e d e x c e pt by c e r t ai n i e s w h o
i n s u ch ab u n d an t me a su r e s w ar m ab o u t t h e s ame t h at t h e y
t h e w h o l e pl an t an d w h i c h i s v er y s t r an g e al t h o u g h
c o ver
t h es e i e s d o w i t h g r e at d e li gh t fe e d h e r e u pon y e t o f t h e m
an t i d o t e
or
mo s t av ai lable me d i ci n e
t h e r e i s c o n fe c t e d an
ag ai n st t h e d e a d ly b i t e o f t h e spi d er c all e d T ar an t u l a o r an y
an
e x c e ll en t r e me d i e
o t h e r v en o mo u s b e ast w h at s o e v e r ; y e a

o t h e r po y son s w h at e v e r
n o t on ly ag ai n s t t h e A c on i t e s b u t al l
A l s o A n t o n i n u s G e r an ac e u s o f P av i a a famou s ph y si c i an o f h i s
a e men t i o n s a y w h i c h e at s v e r y pl en t i fu lly o f A c o n i t e l e a v e s
g
i

r e ar at on
p p

at t en d e d w i t h
b
e
)

o ss i

an

as

an

an

t i d ot e t o

i t s po i son

o u s e ffe c t s

II
r

L ess er H
S

YM

N ON

H ist

RE G
I

mon

l in g

Ru

DI

C i cu t a
.

an

or e

ss

at

ME

u i fo l i a,

t en

06

et c

Kl ei n

O r d er , UM

or

P et r

ZE t h

pi i fol i a, B a n k

oseli n u s si

n a

T ow

mi n

Du t

or e

wi u

ef or t

Sp a n

s ch eer

T ui n

o r i an

pi u m, L

Cy

mil i s,

C i cu t a

u sa

d spet er sil i e

a r sl e

m Pen l op

n api u
.

I t al

B E L L I F E R ZE

d ou l e epi g y n ou s di sk
GE N C AR
C a l y x su per i or ,

P EN TA N D R I A D I GYN I A

mou s

wi t h di dy

el l al exog en s ,

fr u i t ,

an

mi n

H i st

al l ,

u sa ,

C i cu t ar i a
Cy

2 , 2 80 ;

D og

21 5 ;

S ch eil i n g , H u

en

R ER Umb

L a pet i t e C i g u

M e dwj sch ei s k or en

Sy

C i cu t a

R ai i

l Eth
,

a r sl e

I c on

tz,

et c

F ool

G er m

A GN O S S O F T H E

ml oclc

C i cu t ar i a

d r u m C y n api u m, C r
W l d en , F l or B r i t
F

E T H US A C YN A P I U M

3 ; C i cu t ar i a fat u a, L

min

te

et a l s

v e, i n

v er s e

ear

Sh ape d ,

C a r p el s , wi t h v e
i n exe d poi n t s F r u i t r ou n d , eg g sh aped
G en er a l
e l ev at ed
t h i ck , sh ar pl y k e el e d r i dg es
S eed s h al f g l o o se
i n v o l u cr u m , n on e
P a r t i a l i n vo l u cr u m, o f t h r ee u n i l at er al pen du l ou s

wi t h

sh ar ,
p

l eav e s

PE
n

H R L

i n g d own t h

eav e s

pl an t w as

con

mac u l at u m

b ar u s
mi n

r st

or e

d i st i n

D au c i i n

F ig
v e ssel

Par t i al i n

S e c t i on

t il i s

it

ot

o f a car

pell u

d er t h

er s , as

me C i c u t a

r o d u ci n

f G e sn

er

or ol l a

S ee d

ar

v essel

D o d e c ampu

s,

pel l u m

ffec t s

m v i t i u m o f Tr agu s

T h al i u

is

t er r

g e xt r ao r d i n ar y

P e t r o s e li n

e st r

n a

M at t h i o l u s , J o n s t o n

It i s t h

u n

by

ed

g en u s

v o l u cr u

sh ape d

r un

g u i sh e d

J u n g i u s , M ii l l e r , an d
o n t h o s e t h at e at o f i t
Th

S ch

to

me n t i on

d ecu r r en t ,

e - sh ape d ,

t h is
l z e (D e T oxi col
by man y e ar ly w r i t e r s wi t h t h e C o n i u m
g en er al t er m C i cu t a H e r mol au s B ar

di n g

d er t h

w e dg

et s

S eg men t s pear

fo u n d e d

u n

It is

c or

L ea

I S TO R Y A c

i for m

l eaf st al k

u n

ll s

ca

G er men

i t A pi u

S ec t i on
,

o f a s ee d

c al y x, an

d st y l e

FL OR A

16

c cu

t ar u

P ar sl e y

L o b e l , P e t r ose l i n

Th

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

m c an u m h en

me i s d er i v e d fr o m A 290

e n a

ce

bu r n

to

me D og

th

on

n a

ac c o u n

of

qu ali t i e s ; an o t h e r d er i v at i on i s A
b e gg ar ly
DE S C R I P T I O N A n n u al o w e r s J u ly A u g u st an d S ep
S t em fr o m
t e mb er
R oot t ap e r i n g b r an c h e d an d w h i t i sh
u pr i gh t
b r an ch e d s omew h at z i g z ag
on e t o
t w o f e e t h i gh
j o i n t e d r ou n d smo o t h s t r i at e d somet i mes pu r pli sh b u t n ot
s mo o t h
ar k lu r i d g r ee n ;
d
se
eaves b i pi n n at e d
s ot t e d
L
p
g
men t s eg g spe ar sh ap e d v ar i ou sly c u t l o b e d an d mo r e o r l e ss
i
n
n
a
te
Umbel s t er mi n al
d e c u r r en t l o w e r l eav e s so me t i me s t r i
p
o n l on g st alk s spr e ad i n g an d at t i sh ; u mb e ll u l e s small di st an t
P a r t i a l i n vol u cr u m o f t h r e e l o n g
G en er a l i n vol u cr u m w an t i n g
u n i l at e r al
d r o o pl n g l e av e s
by w h i ch i t i s
st r ap Sh ape d
di s t i n g u i sh e d
r e ad il y
F l ow er s w h i t e
P et a l s so mew h at
i n v er sely h e ar t
sh a e d
w i t h t h e su mmi t s b e n t i n
r adi at i n g
p
sh a e d
r own
l
b
A n t /zer s p u r pl i sh
F r u i t eg g
s
r
i
a
e
t
a
t
e
d
p
p
W h o le pl an t smo o t h e x c ept t h e o w er st alks w h i ch ar e an gu lar
an d t h e an gl e s ar e fu r n i sh e d w i t h a mi n u t e t r an spar e n t p api ll o s e
me mb r an e
G E O G R A PHIC A L D I S T R I B U T I O N T h e B r i t i sh I sl an d s F r an ce
G er man y I t al y Ru ssi a an d o t h er par t s of E u r ope O n e spe c i e s
JE t h u sa me u m (S pi gn e l) g r o w s w i l d i n t h e mo u n t ai n s o f S w i t z er
lan d G er man y A u st r i a C ar n i ol a I t aly an d S pai n ; an d als o
i n t h e h i gh p ast u r e s o f W e st mo r e lan d C u mb er lan d L an c ash i r e
it s

acr i d

e oa ,

an

d M

er

i on

e t h sh

L o cA L I T I E s

el d s

ir e

co

mmon

w eed

in

g ar d en s

an

cu

l t i vat e d

I t i s d i st i n

fr o m

gu i sh e d

g ar d en

par sle y

by

th

mell of t h

l e av es w h i ch i s pec u li ar an d di s agr e eabl e T h e l eav es t h em

mo r e acu t e an d d e c u r r en t an d o f a d ar k er
se l v e s ar e n er
gr een t h an t h e c ommon par sley T h e o w er st em i s st r i at e d an d
g r o o v e d ; an d t h e pl an t i s e asi ly kn o w n by t h e bea r d or t h r ee l on g
en d u l ou s l eaves u n d er t h ef l ow er
F l o w e r s ar e w h i t e t h o s e o f t h e
p
C o w s h o r ses sh e ep g o at s an d
c o mmo n par sl e y pal e y e ll o w
s wi n e ar e s ai d t o e at i t b u t i t i s r e po r t e d t o b e po i so n o u s t o g e e s e
.

JE T H U S A

P
Th

U S ED

ARTS

wh

pl an t

o e

( Vi d a Qu i n

ED I C I N E

IN

P iz ar m H

th

me man n

er

as

A c on i t e

fo llo w i n

P R EP A R A T I O N

OF

sa

17

MO DE

AN D

moeop a t l a

P O I S O OU S E FF E C T S T h
N

YN A P IU M

in

r e par e d

ar e

th e

mo st i n t er e st i n

k en fr o m O r fi l a an d o t h er s
A b o y si x y e ar s o f ag e h a i n g eat en so me of t h i s h er b by
mi st ak e for par sle y at fo u r o c lo c k i n t h e aft er n o o n c o mmen c e d
i mme di at ely aft er t o c r y o u t i n gr e at pai n an d c o mplai n e d o f
g r e at cr amps i n t h e st omach ; w h i lst t aki n g h i m h ome t h e w h o l e
b o d y b e c ame e x c e ssi ve ly s w ollen an d o f a li vi d h u e t h e r e spi
r at i on b e c ame di f c u lt an d S h o r t an d h e d i e d t o w ar d s mi d n i gh t
A n o t h e r ch i l d w as p o i son e d i n t h e same man n er b u t h e w as
for t u n at e e n o u gh t o v o mi t u p t h e h e r b ; t h i s h o w e v er d i d
n ot
r e v e n t man y s y m t oms man i fe s t i n g t h e mse l v e s
h e t al k e d
p
p
l d l y an d i n h i s d e l i r i u m h e t h o u gh t h e saw n u mb er s o f d o g s
c as es o f

po son

g by

in

JE t h

u sa,

ta

an

c at s

(0 7y i l a

R i vi er e
p i

o son

black

an

r e or
p

Th

on

er e

vol

ts

ii p
.

a c as e o

o st

w as

i n d i v i du

an

mor t em e x ami n

br o w n

s er o u s

at i on

u i d

wh

th

in t h

per i sh

t on

e st o

gu e

mach

ed

by

th is

w as fou
; th

li v er

yell o w c o lou r ; t h e sple en w as li vi d ; t h e b o d y w as

n o t e mph y s e mat ou s
G me li n h a s r e l at e d t h e c as e o f a ch i ld w h o d i e d i n ei gh t h o u r s
i n c on se qu en c e o f h a vi n g e at en t h e JE t h u sa
T h e sy mpt o ms
s w e l li n g o f t h e b e lly
w e r e spasmo di c pai n i n t h e st o mach
li vi di t y o f t h e ski n an d d i f cu lt b r e at h i n g (Ol 2r i s p
A w o man g av e t w o o f h er c h i l d r e n s ome s ou p i n w h i c h t h i s
h er b h ad b e en b o i l e d Th e y w er e b o t h s e i z e d w i t h s e v er e p ai n i n
t h e ab d o men an d n ex t mo r n i n g t h e r e w as pe r fe c t u n c o n sc i o u s
n e ss ; t h e l o w e r
aw w as s as mo d i c ally x e d
ab d omen t u mi d ;
j
p
v o mi t i n g o f a bl o o d y mu c u s
an d c on st an t di ar r h oea ; c o l d e x
t r e mi t i e s ; c on v u l si o n s an d d e at h i n t w en t y fo u r h o u r s
P o st
mo r t em appe ar an c e : r e d n e ss o f t h e li n i n g membr an e o f (ri s e
an d d u e
an d S l i gh t
l
h
a u s
ar
c o n g e st i o n
o f st o mac h
v
asc
u
p g
w as

d en

A n ot h

(M ed i c
er

ch

J a h r bu eh

i ld , w h

h ad

e at e n

th

b u lb s by mi s t ak e

for

yo u n g

FL O R A

18

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ly s ei z e d w i t h pai n i n t h e ab d o men fo ll o w e d
by n au s ea w i t h o u t v omi t i n g c o u ld n o t s w all o w v ac u i t y
i n ab i li t y t o an sw e r qu e st i o n s ; lo w er jaw x e d ; i n se n si b i li t y
an d d e at h
an h o u r aft e r t h e c o mme n c e me n t o f t h e sy mpt o ms

u rn

i ps , w as

su

dd e n

(M ed

T i mes, A u g u st 2 3,

ladi e s o f C ast le D on n i n gt o n L ei c est er sh i r e par t o ok o f

so me sal ad i n w h i c h t h e E t h u sa h ad b e e n
by
s t ak e fo r
i
u t
m
p
Th e r e w as
c o mmo n par sl e y
S er i o u s sympt o ms so o n fo llo w e d
t r o u bl e s o me n au s e a w i t h v o mi t i n g ; O ppr e s si v e h e a d ach e an d
gi d di n e ss d e si r e t o S le ep w i t h fr e qu en t st ar t i n gs an d ex c essi ve
n g e n t h e at i n t h e mo u t h
u
ag i t at i o n s
t h r o at an d g u ll e t w i t h
p
gr eat d i fc u lt y o f sw all o wi n g ; g r eat t h i r s t w i t h t o t al l o ss o f ap
i
t
f
or e v er y k i n d o f so li d fo o d
e
t
e
t h e e xt r e mi t i es fel t b e n u mb e d
p
an d w er e affe c t e d w i t h
t r e mo r s ; an d al l t h e v i t al an d an i mal
fu n c t i o n s w e r e pe r for me d w i t h u n u su al a c t i v i t y
T h e l ad i e s
ed an d P h
s
J
ou r n a l v o l xi v p
e v e n t u al ly r e c o v e r e d
M
(
y
O n Th u r s d ay t h e 5 t h O f J u n e W F r e kl e t o n
a h e al t h y
s t r o n g man
ab o u t t h i r t y
v e y e ar s o f ag e a pu bli c an at e a
h an d fu l o f fo o l s par sl e y w i t h n e ar l v t h e s ame qu an t i t y o f y o u n g
l e t t u c e ab ou t o n e o c l o ck at n o o n i n ab o u t t en mi n u t e s h e w as
aff e c t e d w i t h a
ai n i n t h e s t o mac h an d b o w e l s at t e n d e d w i t h a
p
r u mbli n g
H e w alk e d o u t i n t h e el d s b u t w as se i z e d w i t h
su c h
lan gu o r w e ar i n e ss an d w e akn e s s t h at h e su ppo r t e d h i m
i
i
n e ss i n
d
d
s e lf w i t h di f c u l t
r o u bl e d w i t h
g
t
H
e w as mu c h
y
t h e h e ad
h i s vi si o n w as c o n fu s e d an d so me t i me s o bj e c t s
eme t i c
h
i
w
ch
o c l o ck h e g o t an
a
ar e d d o u bl e
A
t
s e v en
e
pp
b r o u gh t u p h e su ppo s e s al l t h e fo o l s par sle y b u t n on e o f t h e
le t t u c e ; t h i s r eli e v e d h i m o f t h e u n pl e asan t sympt o ms i n t h e
T wo

st o

mach

r e st e ss
e

yes

c i r cu

bu t t h

o t h er

i gh t

w h i ch

last

ms c r i b e d

amed

w er

sw e

xt
e

s en sat on s

d ay h

in

ame d

lli n g s i n

c on

t in

h ad mu ch
an

u e

d,

i
p

wh

d h

in

a n

blo o d sh o t

h i s face ,

an

i ch w e r e

h is h
e

an

as s e

e ad

h ad d i ffer e n t

ai n

fu l

d in

an

y w er e t r an si en t an d e w fr o m pl ac e t o plac e O n
t h e S at u r d ay h i s e y es w er e h i gh ly i n ame d
ai n fu l an d e n t i r e ly
p
c l o s e d by t h e su r r o u n d i n g i n amma t i o n
H e w as bl e d w h i c h
,

bu t t h

JE T H US A

h i m mu c h

a e

th

re

li e f

YN

i n h i s fac e

an

P IU M

19

ye s

F r o m t h i s t i me t i ll

b et t er b u t h ad e ven t h en pai n
h e at an d i n ammat i o n o f t h e e ye s w i t h oed e mat o u s sw e lli n
g
o f t h e c h ee k s
; h i s r e mai n i n g s ympt o ms w e n t o ff g r ad u ally
e

M o n d ay h

c on

t in

u ed

to g

et

L
( ow e

)
o r e mb e r
u s me n t i o n
g

sw o l e n

ft er

e at i n

g av e

O r l a

se v e n

i s plan

th

ou n ce s o

wh

ose

b o di e s w er e mu ch

f th

j u i c e o b t ai n e d

fr o

mt h

leave s
Tw e n t y

gu s
mi n u t e s aft er gi vi n g i t t h e d o g b ec ame S i c k i n h alf an h ou r i t
d i d n o t appe ar t o affe c t h i mmu c h w h e n su d d e n ly h e st r e t ch e d
o u t h i s li mb s an d l ai d u
p on h i s st o mac h ; i n a fe w mi n u t e s h e
t r i e d t o r o u se h i mse lf b u t h i s e ff or t s w er e v ai n
T h e mu scl es
o f h i s li mb s
ar t i c u l ar ly o f t h e
o s t er i or e xt r e mi t i e s r e fu s e d t o
p
p
o b e y t h e w i ll b u t t h e o r g an s o f s e n se e x e r c i s e d t h e i r fu n c t i o n s ;
t h e pu pil s w e r e s c ar c e ly d i l at e d ; t h e pu l s at i on s o f t h e h e ar t
w er e S l o w an d st r o n g
Th i s st at e l ast e d a qu ar t e r o f an h o u r
an d t h en
t h e e x t r emi t i e s w e r e agi t at e d by c o n v u l si v e mo v e
me n t s t h e an i mal t h r e w h i ms elf fr o m o n e si d e t o t h e o t h er ;
t h e s en s es b e g an t o b e e n fe e bl e d an d t h e (E s o ph agu s an d t h e
fau c e s w er e s pasmo d i c ally c o n t r a c t e d
Th i s st at e o f s t u po r
i n cr e ase d an d t h e an i mal d i e d an h o u r aft e r t aki n g t h e po i so n
O n O pen i n g t h e b o d y t h e h e ar t was c on t r ac t e d an d t h e l e ft
v en t r i c le c on t ai n e d u i d an d bl ac k blo o d T h e lu n g s w e r e
a li t t le l es s c r e i t an t t h an n at u r al
e s t o mach w as fo u n d fu ll
h
T
p
i
e
i
es
t
t
h
e
d
i
n
of t h e
a
t
r
i
on
l
g
v
i
s
o
e
a
t
o
o
n
b
u
t
t
h
r
s
n
e
w
a
e
;
p
c an al
(O wl a v ol i i p
A c c o r d i n g t o S ch u l z e E t h u s a act s ch i e y o n t h e me d u lla
s i n ali s
p
O n e x ami n i n g at t e n t i ve ly t h e sympt o ms o b s e r v e d by man y
r e d u c e t h em t o
e c an
y
w
o n i n g s o f t h i s so r t
h
s
i
i
a
n
s
i
o
i
s
c
n
p
p
t h i r st ; v o mi t i n g ; s o me t i me s
t h e fo l l o w i n g : h e at i n t h e t h r o at
di ar r h aea ; sh or t si g h i n g r e spi r at i on ; smal l fr e qu e n t pu l s e ;
h e ad ach e ; v er t i g o ; s w e lli n g s o f t h e ex t r emi t i e s ; d eli r i u m
o

f E th

u sa

to

a st r o n

b o ys

t wo

d og

an

d t i ed t h

e (e so ph a

a, 1
l
r
O
(

FL O R A

2O

M E D IC A L
w h i c h JE t h

v er t i g
h

mo u r

con

t in

u sa

r en

A T H IC

T
h
e
)

may b e

u se u

d r o w si n

e ss

w ei h t

t e ar i n g

di n g

ar e

th

p ai n

in

ympt oms i n
fo ll o w i n g : g r e at an g u i sh ;

in
th

th

ch

i ef

fo r eh

fa c e

an

e ad ,

wit h

mal ar b o n

ill
es

l t h i r st ; vi o l en t v o mi t i n g o f a fr ot h y mi lky su b st an c e ;
i n s o me k i n d s o f t e t an i c c on v u lsi o n s ;
an xi o u s r e spi r at i o n

u a

or

t,

an

a so

US E S (H O M mO F

with

o,

H O M QE O P A T H I C A

i n h ay fe v e r

V g

ble ac i d s I n t r e at i n g t h e poi s on o u s
v o mi t i n g
e ffe c t s
r o du ce
i
n t h e r st pl ac e
by
kl
g
i
i
n
e
i
t
h
er
t
c
p
t h e fau c e s w i t h a fe at h e r o r by gi vi n g t w e n t y g r ai n s o f i pe c a
ly
r i ct i on
t
o t h e b o d y an d mu s t ar d p o u l t i c e s t o
cu an h a ; a
f
pp
t h e fe e t ; an d gi v e vi n e g ar or c i t r i c aci d aft er v omi t i n g h as b e en
AN

T I DO T E s
,

et a

r o

du

ce

III

F ly Ag

YMS

N ON

ci t r i n u s

pu st u l at u

es e sy n o n

in g t o t h

A man i t

ms

R u ss

A GN O S S

th

th

ei r

A g ar i cu

fr om i t s

ar i se

ME

Fr

v ar

ou ch o -

all u s

c ol ou r l e s s or

H ALL

Id

o f col ou r

i et y

pl u mb oeu

w h i ch i t

Id

s,

fu l vu

o ft en

as su

A g ar i cu

A man i t a

B a t sc h

A g ar i cu

Id

s,

mes ac c or d

O r an g e

G er

F l i eg en

w amm

s ch

I t al

OG E N S C R Y P T OG A M I A

F UN

ow er l ess pl an t s, n ou r i sh ed t h r ou g h
or my c eli n u m), l i vi n g i n ai r ;
pr o pag at ed by S por es
an d s omet i mes en cl o se d i n asci ;
d est i t u t e o f g r een

r own

A g ar i cu

ell u l ar

(spawn

at

ic

ar

i mper i al i s,

s v er r u co su s ,

s se

R ER C

TH E

OF

F au

mor e

C l a ss

DI

Id

s,

A g ar i cu

pu ell a, R

l ocali t y i n w h i ch i t i s fo u n d

RE G

er

i c, B ug Ag

ar

mu sc ar i a,

A g ar i cu

S ckw

mac u l at u s
Th

A man i t a

M USC A R I US

US

A GA R IC

g on i di a (L i n dl ey )
GE N
C A R Mar g i n
.

b lb
u

sc al

ou s ; vu l v a

el l ow sh

es

h igh

au

an

mr ov

lu s

IE g i n

Th

G alen

e t a,

A r ab i an ph

G r e v i ll e , i n t h

t i on

s o

on

th

me

n a

F ig

pl an t

l Ver n

R epr esen t s

or an

s c ar

d e scr i b e d

an

is

an

d Pl i n

is th

B o let u

fo u r t h

vo l

Th

pp

d er

u n

su

th

me P ar t
,

r oa

c o n v ex at

to

g en

ar i u s

II

s ol i d ,

S t em fou r t o

be

th

me

er a

n a

Di o s c o r i d e s ,

A g ar i c

ig n

d,

o se

su

o cc a si on all

by

m
ov
,
p
e

d ed

r ou n

R i n g d e exe d

iu

es

l et , b u t

e s c ar

st e

of

S er api on

T r an

f th

sac

g r e mar ks
A s t h e pl an t c o mmo n ly kn o w n by t h e
fu n g u s
t h e y ag ar i c (fr o m i t s pr o pe r t y o f d e st r o y i n g i e s

f th

is

mu

i n ch

s ev en

l es w h i t e

i n ch t h i ck

ysi c i an s

on e

a r i ch

Sp or

e o ph r as t u s

d th
r

of

A g ar i c ,

ou s

by

'

r o wn

A g ar i c u

or

h alf t o

H I S T O R Y T h e
po i son

Gi l l s w h i t e

so

i n ch

black

pil eu s st r i at e
P i l eu s t h r e e t o

met imes d epr ess e d ;

l en g t h ,
w h i t i sh
n in e

of

S ect -i on

of

er i an

S o c i et y ,

a se c t i o n

th

me

e sa

an

d th

e u n

1 8 2 3, h

d er

su r

as

th

fac e

of

fo llo w i n

th

pil eu

A y

ou n

F LO R A

22
wh

on

t in

in t hi s
It h

Im

u st

t,

en

c ou n

gr o w s i n

tr

th

me as t h

is

at

sa

s pe c i e s ,

mo r e

or

th

n or

mad e

o se

wh

ger

th

ly

as c er

an

d in t h

tr

t ai n

so

at i c a

At

d th

o u s , an

ed

er n

li mat e

K amt s ch

vi g pa t ly l

its

o st

Th

n o se

o
c

y w o u l d e xp o s e

e so u

an

me

mi g h t fe e l i n
wh

th

e t h er

of

i ch i s fo u n d i n K amt sch

mu sc ar i a K amt sch
h i gh l y po i so n

d an

as

c e ar

cou n

wh

th

h
th

w ar n

of

been

as n o t

mi lk)

in

st e e p e d

en

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

u ro

ka

at

an

th

pr o pe r t i e s

th

pec i e s

wh

to

of

i ch

pe b e i n d e e d t h

it

to try

ms elv e s

ll e d A man i t a
i s kn o w n as

ca

be

fr om i n h

n ce

on

e s

ka var i e t y may

vi r u l e

lat e

li n e d

plan t

r at e , o u r
at

th

th

is

an o t

er

bi t i n g a
var i et y ar e
a

x ce e di n gly c u r i ou s ; an d as t h e y ar e c on t ai n e d i n a G er man
d e r W e t t e r au s ch e n
e s say
A n n al e n
G e s ell sc h aft fii r di e

by D r L an g s d o r f I t r u st a c on ci se
G e sammt e N at u r k u n d e
ac c o u n t o f t h e m w i ll n o t b e u n ac c e pt abl e
T h e v ar i e t y o f A man i t a mu sc ar i a i s u s e d by t h e i n h ab i t an t s
e

f th

e n or

th

e ast e r n

par t

A si a i n t h

of

e sa

me man

n er

as

win

e,

k o pi u m e t c i s by o t h e r n at i o n s
Th e s e fu n gi ar e fo u n d mo st pl e n t i fu l ly ab o u t W i s c h n a
K amt s ch at k a an d M i lk o w a D er e wn a an d ar e v e r y ab u n d an t
i n so me s e ason s an d sc ar c e i n o t h e r s
T h e y ar e c o ll ec t e d i n
t h e h o t t e s t mon t h s an d h u n g u p by a st r i n g i n t h e ai r t o d r ;
y
so me d r
t
h
e g r o u n d an d ar e s ai d t o b e faf
o f t h e ms e l v e s o n
y
mor e n ar c o t i c t h an t h o s e ar t i c i ally pr e ser v e d
S mall d e ep
c o l o u r e d s eci me n s t h i c kly c o v e r e d w i t h w ar t s ar e al s o sai d t o
p
b e mo r e p o w er fu l t h an t h o se o f a l ar g er si z e an d p al er c ol o u r
T h e u su al mo d e o f t aki n g t h e f u n g u s i s t o r o ll i t u p l i k e a
b olu s an d s w all o w i t w i t h o u t ch e w mg w h i ch t h e K amt sc h ad al e s
sa
I t i s so me t i me s e at e n fr e sh
y w o u l d d i s o r d e r t h e st o mac h
i n so u ps an d sau c e s an d t h en l o s es mu c h o f i t s i n t o xi c at i n g
r o er t i e s
W h e n s t e e p e d i n t h e j u i c e o f t h e b er r i e s o f
p p
V ac c i n i u m u li gi n o su m i t s e ff e c t s ar e t h ose o f s t r on g w i n e
O n e l ar g e o r t w o small f u n g i i s t h e c o mmo n d o s e t o pr o d u c e a
pl e asan t i n t o xi c at i o n for a w h o l e d ay par t i c u lar ly i f w at e r b e
d r an k aft er i t w h i c h au g me n t s t h e n ar c o t i c pr i n ci pl e
The
d e si r e d e ffe c t c o me s o n fr o m o n e t o t wo h ou r s aft er t aki n g
b r an d y

ar r ac

AGAR

IC U S

M US C A R I U S

23

k en n ess r e su lt i n t h e same
man n e r as w i n e an d spi r i t s ; ch e e r fu l e mo t i o n s o f t h e mi n d
r s t pr o d u c e d ; t h e c o u n t en an c e b e c o mes u sh e d ; i n
ar e
v olu n t ar y w o r d s an d ac t i on s fo llo w an d s o me t i me s at l ast
I t r e n d e r s so me r emar k ably
a n e n t i r e l o ss o f c o n sc i o u sn e s s
wi t h
ac t i v e an d pr o v e s h i g h ly s t i mu l an t t o mu sc u l ar e x e r t i o n
So
t o o l ar g e a d o se v i o l e n t s pasmo d i c e ff e c t s ar e pr o d u c e d
v er y e x ci t i n g t o t h e n e r v o u s s y s t e m i n man y i n d i vi d u al s i s t h i s
I f a p e r s on
fu n gu s t h at t h e effe c t s ar e O ft en v er y lu d i c r o u s
small s t i c k
u n d e r i t s i n u e n c e w i sh e s t o st e p o v e r a st r aw o r
h e t ak e s a s t r i d e o r a j u mp su f c i e n t t o cl e ar t h e t r u n k o f a t r e e
s e c r e t s an d on e fo n d
a t alk at i v e pe r son c an n o t k e e p si l e n c e or
o f mu si c i s per pet u ally si n g i n g
T h e mo st si n g u l ar effec t o f t h e A man i t a i s t h e i n u e n c e i t
I
t i s s ai d t h at fr o m
o ss e s se s o v e r t h e se cr e t i o n o f t h e k i d n e y s
p
t i me i mme mo r i al t h e i n h ab i t an t s h av e kn o w n t h at t h e fu n g u s
w h i ch c on
i mpar t s an i n t o xi c at i n g q u ali t y t o t h i s s ec r et i on
t i n u e s for a c on si d e r abl e l e n g t h o f t i me aft e r t aki n g i t
T h i s fu n g u s I s t h e M o u c h e mor e o f t h e R u ssi an s
K amt sch a d al e s an d K or i ac s w h o u s e i t fo r i n t o xi c at i o n
I t i s o ft e n i mme r s e d i n a li q u i d mad e fr o m t h e E pi l o b i u m
(R o seb ay W i l l ow h er b) ; an d w h en t h i s li qu o r i s d r u n k t h e
d r i n k e r s ar e s e i z e d w i t h c o n vu l si o n s i n al l t h e i r li mb s fo ll o w e d
w i t h t h at ki n d o f r avi n g w h i c h at t en d s a b u r n i n g fe v er
Th e y
p er son i fy t h i s mu sh r o o m ; an d i f t h e y ar e u r g e d by i t s effe c t s
t o su i c i d e o r o t h e r d r e adfu l c r i me t h e y p r e t e n d t o o b e y i t s
c o mman d s
T o t t h e mse l v e s fo r pr e me d i t at e d ass assi n at i o n
t h e y r e c u r t o t h e u s e o f t h e M o u ch o mor e
I t w as r e c o mmen d e d i n e ar ly t i me s as a r e me d y fo r ep i l ep sy
an d
lat er empl o y e d ex t er n ally t o s t r u mo u s ph ag e d en i c an d
st u l o u s u l c e r s
D E S C R I P T I O N T h l s i s o n e o f t h e mo s t spl e n di d spe c i me n s o f
t h e o r d er an d as M r G r e v i ll e r e mar k s
w e ll may i t b e c all e d

i mpe r i al
T h e p i l eu s v ar i e s o c c asi o n al ly i n c o lo u r fr o m bl oo d
r e d t o o r an g e
w h i t e g r e e n or b r o w n ; t h r e e t o s e ve n i n ch e s
th

fu

g u s ; g i d d i n ess

an

d dr u

FL OR A

24

br o ad e sh y
,

b r e ad

ve x

c on

S t ip es fo u

or

in th

for m o f

i
n
p

ki sh

wh it e

ot

v er

S c o t l an d

co

or

ly plan e L a mel l w
h i gh h al f t o o n e i n c h
S l i gh t c a vi t y
bu l b o u s

n e ar

es

wi t h

co

me p ar t s

or

wa

K eel

i ck ,

th

f F r an

c e an

d A mer i c a

an

so

d G er man

me

p ar t s

y S w e d e n R u s si a L aplan d e t c
L O CA L I T I E S
I n d r y pl ac es s an d y d e s e r t s i n A si a
d r y pi n e w o o d s i n S c o t lan d an d o t h er p ar t s o f t h e
E u r o pe
I t s b r i gh t r e d c o l o u r c o n t r ast s b e au t i fu l ly

s o mb r e
pi n e s an d w h i t e st e ms o f t h e b i r ch
in N

wh i te

mmon
so

llar
D I S T R I B U T I O N E u r o p e A si a
i n E n gl an d ; b u t ab u n d an t i n

d e e x e d

In

li d

i n ch

in

o n

so

G E OG R A PHICA L
N

mO P A T H I C A

l en gt h

at

H OM

mmon

an

n or

d in
th

wit h t h

PA R T S U ED
Th

S t i pe s

dr i ed

I f fr e sh

th e

ED C

P i le u

an

I IN E

IN

st

AN D

be

c an

i pe s

MO D E
s

P R EP A R A T I O N

fr e sh

u se d

d pi l eu

an

OF

ar e

to

c ar e fu

or

lly

b e w el l w ash e d ,

a mo r t ar
b
i
n g r e mo v e d mash e d u p i n
e
p
u t it
an d t o t h i s ad d an
e qu al p ar t
o f spi r i t s o f w i n e ; t h e n
p
asi d e fo r t h r e e d ay s an d d e c an t o f t h e li qu i d fr o m t h e r e mai n s
t h e n at t e n u at e t o t h e 3ot h di lu t i on
i n t h e s ame man n e r as
o r d e r e d fo r A c o n i t e
I f t h e d r i e d fu n g u s i s t ak e n o n e g r ai n
i s t o b e t r i t u r at e d w i t h 1 00 g r ai n s o f su g ar o f mi lk
( Vi d e
an

d, t h

e e

xt er n al

ar

'

Qu i n

Th

in th

P l i ar m H
.

t i me

e au

tu

P O IS O N

mn

moeop a t h )

co

ll ec t i n g

t h i s fu

gu s fo r me di ci n al pu r po s es

is

FF E C T S

ll er r e l at e s t h at si x per s o n s
r i sh e d at o n e t i me fr o m e at i n g t h i s mu sh r o o m; an d t h at i n
e
p
o t h e r s i t c a u s e s d e li r i u m
O r l a r el at e s t h at s e v er al F r en ch so l d i e r s h avi n g e at e n o f
t h i s f u n g u s n e ar P o l o sch i n R u s si a w e r e v e r y sh or t ly s ei z e d
v i o len t
s u ffo c at i o n
i n t en s e t h i r st
s e n se
of
wit h
an x i e t y
al t e r e d
i
r i in
s
al l
r r e g u l ar p u l s e u n i v e r sal c o l d s w e at
s
m
g p g
e x pr e ssi o n
o f c ou n t e n an c e
vi o l et t i n t o f t h e n o se g en e r al
t r e mbl i n g
fe t i d e vacu at i on s
li vi d c o lou r o f
c o l d n e ss
an d
li mb s v i o le n t d eli r i u m an d ac u t e pai n s r emai n i n g t o t h e last
O n o pe n i n g t h e b o di es
lar g e spo t s o f i n ammat i o n an d
O

US

GA R I C US

M U S C A R I US

25

li men t ar y c an al an d
u t r e fa c t i o n s e e med a d v an ci n g v e r y r api d ly
p
M P au l e t r e po r t s man y c as e s o f po i s on i n g by t h e A man i t a
T h e su ffe r e r s e xp e r i e n c e d n au s e a v o mi t i n g fai n t i n g s an xi e t y
a s t at e o f s t u p or an d i n s e n si b i l i t y an d a s e n s at i o n o f c on st r i c t i on
o f t h e t h r o at ; t h e y n e i t h er h ad c o li c n o r S e v e r e
S o me
pai n s
gr ai n s o f i pe c ac u an h a w er e ad mi n i s t er e d i n h o t w at er an d
t h e A g ar i c w as e v ac u at e d w i t h
san g u i n o l en t mat t er
The
by t h e u se o f emo lli en t s ;
at i e n t s s lo w ly r e t u r n e d t o h e alt h
p
so me o f t h e m e x p e r i e n c e d ab d o mi n al p ai n s an d w er e t r eat e d
by e mo lli en t fo men t at i o n s an d o pi at e s
M P au l e t g av e t o a d o g s o me o f t h e A g ar i c mi x e d w i t h
t h e an i mal w as s ei z e d w i t h v i o l e n t
T
r e e h o u r s aft e r
h
r sl e y
a
p
T h i s s t at e l ast e d
t r e mbli n g s an d w e akn e ss o f t h e e x t r e mi t i e s
h e mo an e d mu ch ; aft er w ar d s
ab o u t fo u r h ou r s d u r i n g w h i ch
T h e r e spi r a t i o n w as slo w an d
h e fel l i n t o a st at e o f s t u po r
d e e p an d h e u t t e r e d fr o m t i me t o t i me pl ai n t i v e c r i e s at o n e
h e t u r n ed o ver
t i me h e r o ll e d u p on t h e g r o u n d ; at an o t h e r
r ese mbli n g e l e c t r i c sh o c k s
sh i v e r i n g
Vi n eg ar
w i t h s u d d en
S o me
w as g i v en t o h i m w h i ch agg r av at e d al l t h e s ympt o ms
w h i ch pr o d u c e d v o mi t i n g
oi l
o f o li v e s w as aft e r w ar d s g i v en
mi x e d w i t h w h i t e mu c u s
an d ej e c t i o n o f s o me o f t h e p o i so n
H e c o mpl e t e ly r e c o v e r e d i n a fe w d ay s by gi vi n g h i m a li t t l e
mi lk fr o m t i me t o t i me

T
I
T
h
H
E
I
L
E
P
A
C
e A g ar i c w as
r o ve d
S
M
CE
O
O
H
M D C A US
)
p
(
by H ah n eman n an d o t h e r s an d t h e r esu l t s r e c or d e d i n h i s

C h r o n i c D i sease s u n d er t h e ar t i c le A g ar i cu s
w or k o n
Th i s r e me d y h as b e en su c c essfu ll y e mp l o y e d
mu s c ar i u s
t
i
I
an d so me ki n d s o f e pi l e s y
s
c o n v u l s i o n s an d t r e mo r s
p
h
e
u p er
an d l ow er
e x t r e mi t i e s
t
o r P ar aly s i s o f
r
o
o
s
e
d
f
p
p p
of t h e
so ft en i n g o f t h e c e n t r al p o r t i o n
ar i si n g fr o m 1n c 1 p1 en t
o r t h e p e c u l i ar sy mpt o ms i n d i c at i n g i t s u se
F
s i n al mar r o w
p
g an g r e n e

appe ar e d

th

in

st o

mac h

an

th

d er i s

r ea

an u a l ,

r e fe r r e d

o ac

N T I DO T E s

an

to H

d Tr i n

mph

or

ks
,

n e

H
o

man

mdop

C l zr on i c D i s ea ses , J ah

r z n ei

ffe a , P u l sa t i lla,
D

mi t t el l el i r e

Wi

n e

et c

r s

FL OR A

26

T R E A T ME N T O F
e

ve t r i ed
o f v i n e g ar

th

co

c as e s o f

bu t t h

i en

2n d

vi

w it h

l
ac e
p

at

as n o t

3r d

me t i c s

b so r b e d

as c e r

an

i v e p ar t s

ac i

r oo

ms

is

ou

pl e c e s , an

In

d h

in

poi so n ou s

pr o per

d A g ar i c u

an

e i t h er

f th

of

bu l
ese

ac i d ,

in t h i s

gr e es w i t h

Th i s

th

mu sh r o o ms

qu an t i t y

ar e

ken

in t o t h

ta

f c i e n t t o pr o d u

su

vi eg ar

ce

vi d e d

st o

d e at h

mach

i t t ak es

th

wi t h

an

ou

r o
p

th

su

ges

ta

(mu r i at e

sal t

sod a

d i ss o l v e d i n w at er h
ac t

ad

i v e par t s

van t ag e

an

th

f th

as
o

d di s

S u lp h u r i c

ve r y

be

th

v lu e

c ean s e d

me pr o pe r t y as vi n e g ar i n d i sso l vi n g t h
mu sh r o o m an d h as o f c o u r se t h e same

th

t ai n

i t y s w all o w

sa

v lat i le lkali

as

A man i t a

P au l e t

g ar

f th

i mpu

x c e ssi vely

t h e se

in

wit h

may

W h en

C ommon

va

Vi n e g ar an d w at er a pp e ar s t o b e u se fu l i n t h i s ki n d o f
i n g , w h en t h e s u b s t an c e h as b e e n r emo v e d by e vacu an t s

3r d

ad

e di t

follow i n

b st an c e
b e en vo mi t e d ; w h i ch d ou b t le ss ar i se s fr o m t h e pr o per t y
vi n e g ar t o d i sso l ve t h o se par t s w h i ch ar e mo st e asi ly

i
so n
o
p

ac t

on e

T h

in

so o n e r

th

n e

er

xper i men t s

e t h er

G en

u sH R O O M s

ce of

sa

g by mu sh r o o ms
1 st Th i s v eg e t abl e

li qu or

lt

mmo n

f mu sh

e xpe r

th

so

foll ow i n

o so n
p

Vi n eg a r
d i sso lvi n g t h

b e su s
ki n d s

P O I S ON I N G BY

i s fr o m O r l a ( T oxi col

xt r ac t

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

et h er

u s efu

l at e

ft e r

mu ch

so

vac

u an

ts

u se d

In

in th

e s e c as e s , appe ar s

fa c t , w e h

ve

r e s t or e d

g i vi n g t h em d o se s o f A man i t a su f ci en t t o ki ll
t h e m by maki n g t h e m s w all o w
w as e v a
aft er
t h e po i son
c u at e d
al t er n a t e ly e t h er
o r t h e mi n e r al
an d e t h e r at e d w at e r
an o d y n e li qu o r o f H o ffman n
E met i cs a n d emet o ca t l za r t i cs ar e al so e mi n en t i n t r e at i n g
t h e s e c ase s fo r d eat h al mo s t al w ay s fo l l o w s w h e n t h e su b st an c e
d o gs

ft er

is

n ot r e

mo v e d

P au l e t

as

mor e i n j u r i o u s t h

ar e u s e e s s

an

fo u

o t h er

th

at

w i se ,

v o at i l e

an

d t h at

l k ali

il ,

(ammo n i a)

bu t t er

an

is

mi lk

IV

A N A C A R DI U M

n u

t T r ee

S emecar pu s A n ac ar di u m

a t/72

N ON

P l In d
.

2 08

FO R E I G N
An

au

E S

Du t

ac ar

Sp a n

F i n
An

t al e

or i en

An

of

at

di en

acar

a c ar

ar u

M ed

An

at

H AR

0 r d er

al

T
~

x,

E R E B I N T A C E 2E

t h i n fer i or ,

pen an

l amen t s

s,

in t o t h

e r e cept acl e ;

th

u l ar

t er t h

at t en e d

it

an

th

on

aw l - Sh ape d ,

v e,
an

th

S t i g ma s

e r e c ept ac e ,

di oeci ou

mou s

s;

wh

er e as

co

T r a n s l a t i on

F ig
th

t 12 ;
.

di u m l at i f oli u m, L

d e a feu i l l es
t em L

an

l on g u e s

aeu s eb au

al :

B en g

o f on e

on

g,

a/

720

I t al

An

B el al u h i

ak ar

T e l i/n g

t er t h

mall

a:

sh ape d , an

men t s
seg men t s

an

d el ev en

P et a l s v e ,

th

CIA

of

th

e c or ol l a ,

ly

ca

in

ser

t ed

P i s t i l s , g er men su per i or ,
ve d , si t u at ed on t h e g er men , an d

pear

sh ape d ,

el l

D I (E

seg

sh ape d , r et u s e

esh

th

an

l eaf,

acu

S h or

e e, r ecu r

e ar

1 Th
.

e n u

t,

vo

mal e

sh o w i n

g th

o w er s o f

all

ce

er

i ca r p ,

moot h

S h ape d , s

at t en e d

on

n on e, exce t
p

S eed ,

a n u

t,

mo ot h

ot h

si d es, s

e cel l s con

vi i

er

es

di u m w er e pol y g amou s
exam
i n e d b y T u r pi n w er e pol y

th

o se

t at o r

2 Th
.

th

e ascr

mme n

11 1

ow er

ly

n e ar

w h i ch di ffer en

H I S T O R Y T h e

of

m, i

c ar o

R b
g

bl

cl u

e r ec t

d sh i n i n g
ox u r g h o s er v e d , t h at t h
an

er s o

S t y l es t h r

w h i ch i s

e r ecept acl e ,

r est i n

P O LY G A M I A

S t a men

sh or

1 8 2 ; R oxb

ac ar

t j es

h al f w ay d own i n t o v e h e ar t sh aped
l an ceol at e,
or d er e d, o t u se , l ar g er t h

glo

An

E l eph
ar

su pp

ac ar

A n ak ar di en b oom, H

f
.

G er

N ell aji edy

GE N

dos

ac ar

di em

An

di u m oi ci n

acar

8 3 An

1 3 9, t

YM

ci n
ar /

M)

A N A C A R DI U

S E M E C A R P US

An

to th

e ch ar act er

P au l

i ce

o w er

of

IE g i n

u s

4 5 0) d e c i d e s t h

maph r o di t e

t ai n i n g t h

acar

3 Th
.

th

e soil

(A d a ms s

et a

An

e n u

acar

di u m,

4 Sect i on
.

FL O R A

28

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

men t i on ed by S e r api on R h ase s

o f t h e S e mec ar pu s A n ac ar d i u m
,

an

wh i

lst

o t h er s

pp

su

th

o se

th

is th

it

at

d A vi c en

or

n a,

ki n g

ar

of

se e d

be t h

to

th

A vi c en

Tr e e

n u

e n u

n a

di d yn amou s pl an t I f t h e for mer i s c or r e ct t h i s

D e C om
M
ed
l
sec
en
an t i s men t i on e d by G al e n
(
p
g
p
an d by M
u n d er t h e n ame o f xg
Bx
y r epsu s an d A ct u
t

men

t o s a,

ve o

ar i u S ,

D i oscor
th

H ah

n e

on e

f th

man

n a car

di u

G r ee k s w e r e
co

in h is

f th

A vi c en

j u i ce

d i an
,

u se

by

s,

mes

to

in

ly i gn or an t
di ffer en t c on clu

en

(C ommen t

b ei n g

an

e cel s
n at

a ac c a

e ar

e at

u n

d er

i ve s t o

i s me di ci n

t ir e

(C h r on i c D i seases

w i t h S eme c ar pu

n a

e o t h er

d e pr i vi n

aft e r

th

h ape d
th

i t with

bu r n

th

n at u r a

er ebi n

b e an b ei n g ki d n e y

th e

or

t ac eae
-

ac ar

d er s,
Th

h ape d , t h at

n u

mu ch

i n d, i s

o ff

An

i n fac t , t o d i ffe r e n t

d th

n a Or

r o ast

th e

an

of

d s A v i c en

b el o n g

e es

er s on at es ,

S e mec ar pu

ac c o u n

m) c o n fo u n

t wo t r

w h i ch i s i n t h

is

M at t h i o l u

b u t A d ams (1

th

Th
an

Ba xa vos

di u m ; t h

n u

b st an c e

su

s on

a vos ,

1 8 9 ) su ppo s e s t h at t h

is

of

ar

Ea

of

t h at

d er

u n

w ar t s ,

f it s

r el i sh
su c

c on

xt er n al

ac r

Th

i d

r n

j u i ce

i di t y , t h at i t

d yl omat a,

an

ot

er

x cr e s c en c e s an d t o k e ep d ow n e x c e ssi v e g r an u l at i o n i n u lc er s
b o t h i n man an d b east ; t h ey u s ed i t also mi x e d w i t h ch alk fo r
mar ki n g t h ei r li n en
H ame l t ells u s t h at an e xc e llen t i n k i s
mad e fr o m t h i s n u t w i t h t h e add i t i o n o f ash l y e an d v i n e g ar
T h e an ci e n t w r i t er s r e c o mme n d e d i t c h i e y i n men t al d i sease s
ar t i cu l ar ly i n l o s s o f memo r y
ar aly si s
an d sp asms ; an d t h e
p
p
A r ab i an ph y s i c i an s w h o c all e d t h e n u t B al ad e r ex t oll e d i t s u se
i n t h e same affe c t i on s an d al so as a pr o ph yl ac t i c i n t h o se pr e
I t w as h i gh ly e s t e e me d by t h e T eli n g a
d i spo s e d t o p ar aly si s
y
h
n at i v e s g i v e
h
si c i an s as a r eme d y fo r n er v o u s d i so r d e r s
T
e
p
t h e k er n el s t e e pe d i n w h e y t o t h o s e su ffer i n g fr o m ast h ma ; t h e
C on fe c t i o A n ac ar di u m b e c ame c e l e br at e d u n d er t h e n ame C o n
fe c t i o S api e n t i u m as a r e me d y ag ai n st w e akn ess o f t h e mi n d ;
b u t H o ffman c alle d i t C o n fe c t i o S t u l t o r u m an d c on d emn s t h e
i n t er n al u se o f i t as h e s ays t h at
o l e h av e b e en mad e mad
e
p p
e

AN A

by i t
o

an

u si n

lo st

d h ad

i t t oo

th

o ft en

C A R D IUM

ei r

me mor y

(H i l l , M

d di e d mi s e r ably

an

at

29

M ed

on

ac c o u n

en c e

th e

b u s e o f t h i s d r u g mad e i t h u r t fu l appli e d h o meeo pat h i c al l y fo r

t h e s ame d i se as e s i t b e c o me s a po w e r fu l an d e f c i e n t r e me d y
T h e n ame i s d e r i v e d fr o m t w o G r ee k w o r d s
w i t h o u t an d
m gi
a h e ar t
b e c au se t h e pu lp o f t h e fr u i t i n st e ad o f h avi n g
t h e s ee d e n c l o s e d h as t h e n u t g r o w i n g o u t at t h e e n d o f i t
D E S C R I P T I O N A S t h e n u t men t i o n e d by H ah n e man n i s w i t h
o u t d o u b t t h e fr u i t o f t h e S e me c ar u s an d n o t o f t h e A v i c e n n a
p
o r M al a c c a b e an
by w h i ch n ame i t i s er r o n e o u sly d escr i b e d i n
G r u h en er s P h ar macop oei a an d M a t er i a M ed i ca b u t c o r r e c t ly i n
a

are

ia

Dr

is

Qu in

P h

bj o i n e d ;

su

c ar

man n

s n u

HA

v z

d th

u s , an

macop oei a
.

H EM

AN N

th

wit h t h

L in
P
N

ar

H a h n e man

wh

i c h i t w i ll b e
an

ki n g

n u

C l as s

Or d

d O r d er ,

an

ia

I /i n

mi a

T er ebi n t a cece

at

H ah

n e

A vi cen

n a

an

Or d

at .

L eav es
t

T O M E N T O SA

mi a

S e me

th

B ea n

C l ass

n a

r ee

th

a l a cc a

n ce a n

D i dy

d some, l o ft y t r ee ,
w h ose ba r k i s r ou g h , a sh
0 0 l 0 u /r e d ,
an d
g l u t i n ou s
wi t h i n
B r an ch es n u me
r o u s,
spr eadi n
g , r at h er
L eav es al t er n at e ,
on
sh o r t i sh
fo ot st al k s ,
w ed g e sh a pe d ,
smoo t h
a ov e ,
r ou g h
en eat h
F l o w er s i n l ar g e t er mi n al
er ec t pan i cl es o f a di r t y
F i ve
g r een i sh y ell o w
pet al s, smal l , an d d eci du
ou s
B r an ch es n u mer ou s
R ecept acl e y el l ow
N ut
bl ac k , con t a in i n g a c or r o
s i ve, r esi n ou s u i ce, at r s t
j
of a pal e mi l k c ol ou r , b u t
t u r n i n g l ack
F ou n d i n
th e
mou n t ai n ou s dr y
for est s of t h e E ast I n di es
T h e seed i s r i pe i n J an u
ar
y an d F e r u ar y

A h

s ee n

th

A VI C E N N A

t T r ee

th

of

wit h t h

n ot

t cmd/r i a , T r i g y

en

b e d by

E M E C A R P US

n e an

at

d e s c r i pt i on

fo r mer ,

by

F ou n d i n t h e for e st s
of t h e E ast I n di es
be
t w een t h e ext er n al
l ack ,
sh i n i n
h ear t sh ape d ,
g,
h ar d sh el l an d t h e s w eet
k er n el , wh i ch i s cov er
ed w i t h
r ow n ,
r ed
a
di sh , t h i n ski n , t h er e i s a
t h i ck l ac ki sh u i c e, co n
t ai n e d i n a cel l u l ar t i s su e,
wi t h w h i ch t h e I n di an s
mar k t h ei r l i n en i n an
i n d eli l e man n er
In th e
fr u i t w h i ch we r ec ei ve
h er e
(G er man y ), t h i s
u i ce, w h i ch i s co mmon l
y
of
t h e c on si s t en ce
of
h on y , i s g en er al l y fou n d
e
dr y

n a,

mwop

t d e scr i

e n u

A vi c e n

gr e e s

ar

Gy

P
c or

an

d O r d er ,

mn osp er

er s on a t ce

d at e,

ovat e ,

men t o s e (co t t o n y )

n u

T h i s t r ee i s
d er n eat h
l ik e t h e man g r ov e, r i si n g
feet h i g h
a ove si xt een
I t s t r u n k c over ed wi t h
wh i t i s h
smoo t h ,
g r een
ban ds , an d t h e t w i g s fr o m
t h e st em pr epag at e t h e
t r ee lik e t h o se o f t h e man
g r o v e T h e l eav es appear
at
t h e poi n t s o f t h e
smal l
v er y
r an ch es, o n
pet i ol es, opp osi t e, h avi n g
r ib ;
a l ar g e d ar k g r een
ow er s, man y , at t h e t op
r an ch es, w h i t e ,
th e
of
C apsu l e
f owr p et a l l ed
r h om o i d al ,
cor i aceou s,
o n e cel l ed ,
co mpr e ss ed ,
S eed, o n e
t w o val v ed
l ar g e, for m of capsu l e ,
co n s t r u c t ed o f fo u r e sh y
fol d s g er mi n at i n g i n l o w
l an d s al on g t h e co as t o f
M al acc a i n t h e I n di an
A r ch i pel ag o
.

FL OR A

30

D I S TR I B U T I O N A

GE OG R A PH I C A L

di e s,

d fo u

an

P A R T S U S ED
Th

J u i c e,

c on

mo u n

t ai n

t ai n

ED IC I N E

IN

man

d r y for e st s

A N D

e c el s u n

gi v e s

OD

th

ast

n e

th

e e

xt er n al

i d

of

r n

th

gr ai n
o f t h i s j u i c e i s t o b e t r i t u r at e d w i t h n i n e t y n i n e g r ai n s o f s u g ar
al c o h o l t o t h e
o f mi lk t o t h e 3r d at t en u at i on ; aft e r w ar d s w i t h
T h e j u i c e i s n o t so lu bl e i n w at er an d on ly
30t h d i lu t i o n
di ffu si bl e i n spi r i t s o f w i n e i t so o n fall s t o t h e b o t t o m u n l e s s
t h e men st r u u m i s pr e vi o u sly alk ali z e d
M E D I CA L US E S (H O M mor A T H I C ) N o ack an d Tr i n ks (H an d
t

n u

fo llo w i n

i ve

E OF P R E P A R A T I O N

d er t h

in th

ed

ou s

n at

s a,

d in

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

d i r e c t i on

s :

on e

bu ch d er h ombop A
.

er t h

fo ll o w i n g

n er

vo

b i li o u s

u s

men

t ;

er a

th

an

r e

mi t t el l eh r e

mar k s

c on st i t u

t i on

d t o i r r i t abl e h

e an c

d ig

es t i on

A s t h ma

t e ar s

vi d e

H ah

AN
f

co

atu

l en

(F o r
n e

th e

man

ffe a

n ot

cr u

v eh emen c e

da i s

c on se

d r i ac s

may b e

to

ec

th

on

li c

o er

Th

mpl o y e d
L o qu

e ch es t ,

wh

su

fo ll o w i n

ar e

W eakn ess of

d e me n t i a

i ch g

mi d

o o ff a

by

An

ac ar

o o d

di u m,

)
.

t i d ot e

e u se o f

i c t em

to

Weakn ess of
D i s ea ses of t h e l i ver

Ju g l an s
f ci e n t ly as

an

d i u m)

d apt e d

ac o u s

r o du ce d

o ffe e ,

ac t

th

C h r on i c d eaf n es s

po w er f u l

qu en t

n aca r

It is

mel an c h

C h r on i c D i s ea ses

see

di u m

ac ar

g en er al sympt o ms

1 8 42 , a r t A

h y p och on d r i a cs

ce o

C amph o r
TI D O T E S

Imb i li t y

ei

yp o ch on

H y s t er i c sp a s ms

i t r e do

s en s es

ll i t s for ms

li a i n

an

an

to th

h i ef d i se ase s i n w h i ch i t
,

An

on

e c

mi n d memor y

r z n ei

An

mph or

an

t i d ot es ;

g ai n st

ac ar

di u

an

th

an

d spi r i t s
s

melli n

g er

an

g
d

AN C

US T U R A

(C O R T E X
B ar b
S

N ON

Y MS G
.

B on p l a n d , P l

o f ci n al i s,

FO R E I G N
g

u st u r a r i n

n a

me

de

O r ay

GE

bt

u r

5 9, t

par i a fe r i f u g a, H u mbo l d t an d
di a t r i fol i at a , Wi l l d
G al i poea

us

an

co r c e

d S w ed

d A n g u st u r e

A n g u st u r e

I t al

Sp a n

G er
A n g u st u r a
Qu i n a de C ar on y
.

An
a t i ve

O r d er , R U T A C E I E

B on pl an

57

al

v e t oot h ed

D I A N D R I A M O N OG YN I A
,

an

D eca n d o l l e

i n ch l on g er t h an t h e
S t ame n s , fou r t o s ev en

of

u se

Ga l ip oea qi ei n a l i s

c u spar i a,
,

S TU R E

A N GU

D an

AR

in th

ME

H C

at

i poea

E g et/M oot

a n c oc k

al

th

ve,

et a l s

ot

so

u n

er s,

mew h

u n e

i t ed

u al ,

at

ase , r e

adh er en

at

t wo

ei n

on e

x bl
e

to th

on

g,

pet al s,

N ec t a r y c u pu l i f or m S t y l es ve ,
g en er al l y t wo t o v e st er i l e
aft er w ar d s c o m i n i n g i n t o o n e , an d fo r mi n g a fou r t o v e g r o ov e d st i g ma
C a r p el s v e, c on t ai n i n g t w o ovu l e s , se ssil e , w i t h a separ a l e en d o c ar p

u n e

u al

S eed s , t w o t o

a c a su l e , o n e O
p

ft en

or t i v e

C o t y l ed on s l ar g
y o w er ed

an
m
y
S P E C C HA R L ea ves t r i fol i at e
R a cemes st al k e d
N ect a r i es (st er i l e st amen s) v e
S t amen s t w o

l t er n at e

ea v es a

ill

e d u n c es ax

ar

by D r

E w er ,

e , c or r u

g at ed

axill ar

t er mi n al

A gu
I S TO R Y
.

st u r a

w as

r st mad e k n o w n

f T r i n i d ad ,

me d A n g u st u r a

an

in E

ll e d fr o m t h

as c a

i n 1 7 88 ,

u r ope
e

t ow n

f St

b o t an i c al s o u r c e w as
lon g u n kn o w n t i ll H u mb o l d t an d B o n plan d an n o u n c e d t h e
di sc o v e r y o f t h e pl an t i n t h ei r t r av el s i n t r o pi c al A me r i c a an d
i t w as fo r so me t i me su pp o s e d t h at t h e me di c i n al b ar k w a s pr o

Th

th

on

r n oco

It s

F ig

1 Th
.

G er men

e expan

d ed

7 Th

ar

c or ol l a

k,

C al y x

3 S t amen

ext er n al a pear an c e
p

8 Th
.

s
e

4
ar

Per i c ar p

k, i n t er n al

5 Pi st i l

pear an

ap

ce

32
du

FLO R A
ce d

fr o m t h

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

B on pl an d i a t r i fo li at a,

an

by

me i t i s

w h i ch

n a

ll e d i n H ah n eman n s M a t er i a M edi ca P u r a ; b u t D r H an
c o c k w h o r e si d e d i n t h e d i st r i c t w h i ch y i e l d s t h e b ar k for s o me
y e ar s h as S h ow n t h at i t i s ob t ai n e d fr om a d i er en t spe ci e s
o f t h e same g en u s
w h i c h d i ffer s e s s e n t i ally fr o m t h e pl an t
d e sc r i b e d by B o n pl an d ; t h e o n e be i n g a mag n i c e n t st at e ly
t r e e si x t y t o e i gh t y fe e t h i gh w h i l e t h at d e scr i b e d by H an c o c k
n e v e r e x c e e di n g t w e n t y fe e t
A s a me d i ci n e i t w as i n gr e at r e qu e st at t h e en d o f t h e
l ast an d b egi n n i n g o f t h i s c en t u r y ; i n d e e d i t h ad al mo st as
gr e at a r epu t at i on as C i n ch on a b ar k an d w as u se d as a fe h r i
fu g e i n i n t er mi t t e n t an d r e mi t t e n t i n ad yn ami c an d c o n
ge n er al r el ax at i on an d mu scu l ar d e bi li t y
t i n u e d fe v e r s ; i n
at o n i c c on d i t i on s o f t h e st o mach
an d i n
I t w as al so g i v e n t o
c h e c k pr o fu se mu c o u s d i s ch ar g e s an d w as fo u n d e f c ac i ou s i n
b u t li k e v e r y man y o f t h e
c h r o n i c d y sen t e r y an d di ar r h oea ;
r e me di e s o f t h e O l d s c h o o l o w i n g t o i t s i n d i sc r i mi n at e u s e i n
di se ase s t o W h i ch i t w as n o t S pe c i c i t fe ll i n t o d i su se an d i s
Th e
at
r e s e n t r ar e ly e mpl o y e d i n t h e all o pat h i c pr e sc r i pt i on s
p
an d o t h e r s t o
at t r i b u t e d by C h r i st i s o n
c au se fo r t h i s h as b e e n
i t s d an g er o u s ad u lt er at i o n s w i t h t h e b ar k o f t h e S t r y ch n o s N u x

ca

V omi c
DE S C R I P T I O N T h e G l i pcea f i
lt i t d e
e l d m or e v er e x c e e d i n g t h e
me d i u m b e i g ab t t w e lv e r ft e en f
a

ou

f u si o n d u r i n g t h

mo n t h

lis is

c n a

b e r an d
B r a n ch es
w h i ch i s t o l e r ably e r e c t i s fr o m t h r e e t o v e i n ch e s
B ar k
an d b en d i n g n e ar ly t o t h e g r o u n d
s l en d e r
s c at t er e d
L eaves pl ac e d
an d y e ll o w w i t h i n
e x t e r n ally g r e y
smo o t h
fo r t h e mo st p ar t al t e r n at ely o n b r an ch es c o mpo s e d o f t h r e e
fo li o l e s su ppo r t e d on a c o mmon p e t i o l e o f n e ar ly t h e same
l en gt h as t h e l e aet s L eaet s o blo n g s i x t o t e n i n ch e s i n
l en g t h t w o t o fo u r i n b r ead t h c en t r e o n e l on g er t h an t h e
l at er al smo o t h an d glo ssy o f a vi v i d g r e en ; w h en b r ok en

b e au t i fu l S h r u b
t h e u s u al
o f t w e n t y fee t
u
a
e e t o w er i n g i n v ast pr o
o
t h e se e d s
o f A u g u s t an d S e pt e mb er
D i ame t er of t h e t r u n k
N o v e mb e r
o

i pe n i n

in

ct o

AN

G U S T UR A

33

r om w h i ch
acc o
f
b
g
F l ower s
t h e n ame O r a y u r i i s d er i v e d fr o m y u r i
t o b ac c o
an d
h avi n g a pe cu li ar o d ou r o n l o n g i sh
n u mer o u s
wh ite
spi k e s w h i c h ar e b o t h t e r mi n al an d ax i ll ar y
B r a ct ew l an c e o l at e

yi e l d

st r o n

dou r

g r e at ly

r e se

mbli n

to

i n p ai r s

e,

ood o

f th

G E O G R A PHIC A L D I S T R l B UT I O N
b ou r h

ac u

r i n o co

ar on

l mb i an

ou

A me r i c a ,

th

th

n ei

gh

S u me r e mo Ur i ; A lb a G r as c i a ;

g r o w s i n ab u n d an c e i n
J o aq u i n d e C ar on y b e t w e e n s e v e n
t h e n e i gh b ou r h o o d o f S t
I t d el i gh t s i n a r i ch soi l
an d e i gh t d e g r e e s o f N o r t h l at i t u d e
an d ou r i sh e s a t t h e h ei g h t o f 6 00 t o 1 000 fe e t ab o v e t h e l e v e l
d C

an

p apu i , i n C

o u

G u i an

It

f th

e sea

PA R T S US ED
Th

in

co

B ar k

an

IN

ED I C I N E

AN D

I t i s i mpo r t e d i n

mpl e t e

i n ch

an

qu i lls
d

fr o m t w o t o

i n ch

an

an

ei

lf

th

M
is

gh t

OD

E OF PR E P A R A T I O N

c ou n

i n ch

es

b r e ad t h

in

tr

i n at pi e c e s

or

lon g b e t w e en h alf
fr o m h alf a l i n e t o
,

li n e s i n t h i ckn e ss an d c ompo s e d of t h e epi d er mi s an d

b
y ell ow i n
ar k
I
t
s e x t er n al s u r fac e i s di r t y g r e yi sh
r o p er
p
O ft en
s e c kl e d i n
t
h
s mall e r pi ec e s w i t h li g h t e r g r e y
e
c o lo u r
p
an d t h e
sp o t s an d e l e v at i on s ; t h e i n n e r s u r fac e i s d u ll b r o wn
T h e t r an s v er se
b r ow n
s u b st an c e o f t h e b ar k i s y e ll o w i sh
thr

ee

fr

ac t u r e

is

mo o t h

an

so

me w h

at r es n o u s

in

ch ar ac t er

P o w d er

gr e yi sh y ell o w so me t h i n g li k e r h u b ar b ; i t h as a pe cu li ar
i t i mp ar t s i t s pr op e r t i es
ar o mat i c h o t t as t e
o d ou r
an d a b i t t e r
I t u se d t o b e ad u lt er at e d
t o w at er
al c o h o l
an d pr o o f spi r i t
ab r o ad pr e t t y c o n si d e r ably w i t h
w h at w as su ppo se d t o b e t h e
b ar k of t h e B r u c e a fe r r u gi n e a or an t i d y sen t er i c a b u t w h i ch i s
n o w k n o w n t o h av e b ee n t h at o f t h e S t r y ch n o s n u x v o mi c a an d
man y fat al ac c i d en t s o c cu r r e d fr o m i t s u s e
T h e s pu r i ou s b ar k
b e si d es n ot b ei n g so spe ckl e d i s mu ch t h i c k er mor e t w i st e d
li k e d r i e d h o r n an d ar ch e d b ackw ar d s ; t h e t as t e i s mu ch mor e
bi t t er wi t h o u t e i t h er ar oma o r pu n g en c y ; t h e i n n er su r fac e i s
n o t s ep ar abl e i n t o l ami n a
an d t h e t r an s v er se fr ac t u r e i s r en d e r e d
blo o d r e d w h en t o u ch ed by n i t r i c aci d H ah n eman n or d er s
ft y g r ai n s o f t h e po w d er of t h e A n gu st u r a b ar k t o b e mi x e d w i t h
,

FLO R A

34
1 000 d r o ps

of

b t ai n e d

to

so o

d er e d i n

or

l at
a pli e d
p

a co

be

th

o so o

at

t en

l gy

A me r i c an

v it d
P O I S O N O U S E FF E C T S H
h
ff
t
e
e
ct
f
o ve
p
e

u n

on

thi

b ar k

mo st
fr om

th

h i gh

ly

it h

as

Th

tr

fu

ow er

b e en

r o

gs

dr u

i ld ,

t e asp o o n

fu

ch

ix

as

Qu i n

ft e r

r e par e d a
at

t en

u a

(P h ar ma cop oei a a n d

d vi se s t h

per

f th

t i e s,

th

r st

r ee

med i c i n

so

s er

th

b o ve

an

lf y e ar s

d e c o ct i on

r e

mar k s

o ss e s s e s al so

b t ai n e d fr e sh
li k e al l o t h er

qu e n c e s

d in

wh

h ad

en

l ar g e
b e en

o v er

l d , wh

f An

c o n se

w h en

i s, i t may
i ou

pr e par e d fr o m

at

fo ll o w i n

as

ppr o pr i at e ly

th

re

d e s cr i b e d

as

c au se

an

ls

man

g en er ally

Dr

d t h at t h

fo r m o f t i n c t u

d ose

n ow

n e

d mi n i s t e r e d i n

it

th

b ar k

p 1 29 )

es

ct u r e

an

J ah

u at i o n s

t en

ct u r e

tru

as

e e,

qu an t i t i e s
gi ven t h r e e

an

l me d i ci n al

fu

ow er

s o

in th

at

tin

er

d ay s ,

by t r i t u r at i o n r a t h er t h an by d i g e s
al c o h o l
w h i c h sh o u l d b e d on e i f

b e pr e par e d
t w e n t y p ar t s o f
e s er

tin

d th

an

r e,

me di c i n

er

si x

e n

r an s at o n

to

w e w i sh t o pr

fo r

r est

at

th

with

ot

as

d iffe r e n t

th e

v i se s t h
4
1
d
a
)
p

l d on ly g o as far

u at i o n s

t i on

mak e

to

r e ar at o n
p p

s sh o u

l o w t e mp er a t u

(P h a r macop H oma op
t h i s man n e r t o b e l e ft
t i on

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

g u st u r a mad e

by e vapor at i o n t o v e ou n c e s o f
li qu i d i 0 ab o u t an o u n c e an d a h alf o f t h e e x t r act o f A n gu s
t u r a d i e d i n t w o h o u r s u n d er t h e fo ll o w i n g al ar mi n g sy mpt o ms
fr o m t h e r e por t o f E mme r t
Tr embli n g s b ec o mi n g
t ak en
h o u r ; t e t an i c c on vu l si o n s o n t o u ch i n g
v i o l en t i n ab ou t h alf an
t h e ar m ; e y eli d s w i d e o pe n ; e y e s x e d s t ar t i n g an d i mmo v
b ar k

o u n c es o f

ve

r e du ced

Th
su

bt

in

mo de of pr epar at i o n b y

s an c e, say

mak e

of

of

su

g ar

made i n

th

t h i r ds i t s
wi t h

al l

th

an
e

ar k , i s a d d e d

th

mil k ,

an

su

th

Th

an

al c o h ol ,

fol l o w in g

o n

i n et y

mi n u t es

on e

bmi t t

er

ed

r ai n

b y t aki n g

at

d thi

fo u r t h

ec au s e

t en

mi xt u r e
t en

th

e su

g ar

u at i o n s aft er

th

an

in

is

tle

ll

sh ak en

is

est

of

mi l k

fou r t h

ed

of

th

wi t h

n i n et y

th

an

d th

e s e c on

n ot

in th

t h ir d

medi ci n al

e at

w i t h w at er ,

at

r st
-

of

t en
or

at

in

t en

mak e

to

w i t h 1 00 dr ops
as

mil k , t h i s i s r u bbed

mixed

made

ar e

g ar

of

th

t w i c e,

d o es

g r ai n

at ed

pr o c e s s ;
of

on e

i s d e si g n

r st i s

g r ai n

ot

en

s o f su

'

me

fo l l o w s

g r ai n

d th

th

on e

as

e sa

u at i on

at

of

to th

t h i r d i s d i ss o l ve d i n

c apac i t y
.

si x

d,

se co n

me man n

al co h o l

w at er

e sa

of

g r ai n

mor t ar for

por cel ai n

t i on ; t o

on e

th

t r i t u r at i on i s

th

t en

u a

g r ai n

u at i o n

is

fou r t h

w at er t o t w o
u at

i on

equ al

made

par t s

of

di s sol v e i n pu r e al co h ol , bu t

t o be

mad e

w i t h pu

r e s ir
p

it

AN G

ble ;

th

a
o

f th

j aw s x e d ;

fr o n t

t eet h ;

li p s

th e

t en

UST U R A
w i de

o f so

s on

35

par

me o f t h

t,

o wi n

th

mu s cl e s o f t h

wh

ol e

fac e ;

li mb s fu ll y e xt e n d e d an d st i ff ; t h e spi n e an d h e ad t h r o w n
vi o l en t ly b ack ; t h e b o d y fr o m t i me t o t i me w as sh ak en an d
li k e an e l e c t r i c sh o ck al on g
sli gh t ly r ai s e d by a v i o l e n t sh o ck
t h e b ac k ; t h e ch e e k s an d li ps b ec ame blu e ; t h e b r eat h i n g
A ft er an ac c e ss o f si x mi n u t e s t h e ch i l d b r e at h e d
i n t er r u pt e d
w i t h mu ch e ffo r t t h e ch e e k s an d l i ps b e c o mi n g p al e
T h er e
w as fr e qu e n t d e si r e t o d r i n k c o ffe e
S w al l o w i n g t epi d w at er
c au s e d t e t an i c s asms
as mo d i c an d i r r e g u l ar
P
l
u
e 2 00
s
s
p
p

th e

Th

t e t an

fr o m
t in

so

u s

u al

ly

me t i me s

fr o m

n oi se or

cr i e d

ou

ar e d
e
pp

wi t h

t ac t

c on

fr o m fe ar

f its

ow n

ac c o r

d,

yt h i n g ; an d t h e
b ei n g t ou ch e d

an

o t h er s ,

at

h il d

c on

A ft e r

th

l
; t h e fac e an d fo r eh e ad c o v er e d
w i t h p er spi r at i o n ; c h e e k s an d li ps bl u e ; mo an i n g appar en t ly
w i t h o u t pai n
T h e w h o l e b o d y e xi bl e an d s o ft ; t h e e y e s
glaz e d w i t h c on v u lsi v e b r e at h i n g s at l on g i n t er vals H alf an
h ou r aft e r d e at h t h e b o d y b e c ame s t i ff
A ft er t w en t y fo u r
h o u r s o n o pen i n g t h e v e i n s t h e blo o d w as fo u n d li qu i d an d
br o w n i s h ; t h e r i gh t lu n g pale an d e mph y s e mat o u s ex t e r n ally
T h e l e ft w as bl u e e xt e r n all y bl acki sh
fu ll o f bl o o d i n t er n ally
O t h er fac t s
at t h e di v i si o n o f t h e l o b e s an d v e r y fu ll O f bl o o d
at
t
oo
h
o w e r fu l d o se s o f
g
r ov e
t
A
n
u st u r a
al s o
p
p
pr o d u c e
i
S asmo di c
c on v u l si o n s
g
d di n e s s an xi e t y an d l o s s o f c on
p

t e t an

u s

th

y es

w er

c o se d

Dr

sc i o u sn e s s .
o

f w h o m t o ok

in

th e

g ou s
of

th

j aw s

or

po w er

in

u s,
an

c o n s ci o u sn e ss

less

t en

t we

d fe ll

lv e

ar e

su

se z e

d wi t h

in

st

ly

to th

th

r e se

r o

i ffn

mu sc l es o f t h

dd en

r e at e d

f th

xt r act

bo dy

wit h

s o

d wi t h
th

ou

e se , o n

f this

s , e ach

g u st u r a

f An

me w h

r ou n

mbli n

p er son

so

es s ,

vi g

at

tr

an al o
e

mor s

l o si n g

ly mu ch

me di ci n

e on

kn e ss an d st i ffn e s s o f t h e
w h o l e b o d y S t i ff e s s an d e x t e n si o n o f t h e li mb s T e n si o n i n t h e
mu sc le s w h i lst w alki n g S e n sat i o n o f par aly si s of d iffer en t par t s
C on vu l s i ve s t ar t s
A t t ack s o f spasms e x ci t e d mo st ly by t h e

pe r so n s i n

ea

lt h

th

ra n s o

S y mpt o ms mu c h

fu l ,

al l

i n for me d me t h at fo u

er

fo r m o f pi l l s , w e r e

t o t e t an
e

W u er z n

; viz

S en

s at i o n

of

w ea

36

FL O R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ki n g an d also by n oi s e t er mi n at i n g i n blu e
n e ss o f t h e c h e e k s
D i f cu l t an d pan t i n g
an d o f t h e l i p s
r am
r e s i r at i o n
o si n g
of t h e
e y el i d s
C
g
l
n
an
d
c
G
r
o
an
i
p
p
li ke pai n s i n t h e e ar s an d ch e ekb on e s
N o ack an d Tr i n k s (H a n dbu ch d er h omoop A r z n ei mi t t
ar t
A n g u s t u r a ) h av e t h e fo ll o w i n g cli n i c al r e mar k s A n g u s t u r a h as
a g r e at ac t i o n u
an d s i n al n er v es
n t h e mo t o r
b
I
o
t
h
a
s
ee n
p
p
e m l o y e d w i t h s u c c e s s i n Rh eu mat i s m w i t h
p
p ar aly t i c c on di t i o n s ;
i n L ockj aw wi t h c on v u l si on s o f t h e mu sc l e s o f t h e b ack ; i n
t

ou c

wh i

le

dr i n

rr

i t at i o n

f th

i
n
p

e,

an

d i n A ffec t i o n

b r an e ; Di ar r h oea an d D ys e n t e r y
A N TI D O T E
C o ea
C amph or
po w er fu l effect s o f A n g u st u r a

s o

f th

mu c o u s mem

an

an

t i dot e

is

n ot

to

th

Ar me a mo n
E H 3111

H S ow ai by

i fh

an

a
R

ee e
v

Ge l

VI

A R N I C A M O N TA N A
M

t ai n A r n i ca , G er ma n L eop ar d

ou n

B an

e,

t ai n

ou n

T oba cco
S
H

N ON

dh

M S

Ar n i

ca

mon

t an

a,

L in

Vi l l a/r s , D aup h

2 48 ;

Sp P l
.

ii i

1 24 5 ; F l or

2 57

D er/72

6 3 ; S ch h /u l w ,

D or on i cu m pl an t ag i n i s fol i o

p
A r n i ca mon t an a
4 ; T ou r n ef or t , C l as s 1 4
al t er n u m, B a u h i n , ! w as, l i b v , sec t
D or on i cu m oppo si t ifol i u m,
fol ii s o vat i s i n t eg r i s, c au l i n i s g emi n i s O pposi t i s , Di n /n
D or on i cu m A u st r i acu m qu ar t u m, C l u s P an , 5 2 2
L a ma/7 , D i ct i i , p 3 1 2
an

F e h/r
L

336

ME

Pt ar mi ca mon t an

l at i fol i u m, D od on

mu m

th

I t al

es .

W oh l

ver l ei h

F r

A r n i ca

at

Sp a/72

ce u s

mp

D a l es c h

a,

ar

e,

Ar

A r n i ca, T a
n

i c a, T o

ac

du

a/

F i b l er

O M P O S I T ZE

d es

H AR

th

v e cl e ft ,

th

bl

on

er

PE

SE N

on

Th

of

th

x co

th

sh or

t er t h

an

d es M

on

G er m : A r n i k a ,

A r n i k a, Val k r u i d ,
-

th

an

S Y N GE N E S I A

of

e r ay

th

c or ol l a ;

l eaf

l en g t h of t h e c al y x, er ect
C or o l l a compou n d,
h er maph r odi t e, i n t h e di sk v er y n u mer ou s ; femal es
.

femal e l an
er

of

t t w en t y ; pr eper

mmon

t an

Du t

E C I O N I D ZE

th

ce ol at e, v er y

maph r o di t e s : l amen

er

maph r o di t e

l on g , t h r
t s ver y sh

t,

u l ar

h ed ,

ee -t o ot
or

tu

th

an

er ect

spr e a di n

er s c
y

lin dr i c

l amen t s su bu l at e er ect ; an t h er s n on e P i s t i l : g er me n
P er i a n t h
; st y l e simpl e t h e l en g t h o f t h e st amen s ; st i g ma bi d
S eed s soli t ar y o bl on g ; d own simpl e ; i n t h e
c al y x u n ch an g e d
,

AR

er

esc en

t , l on g

e ou

e ;

th

mo n t an a i s

n ean

S oci et y

an

t a cl e

t ir

ea v es o v at e , en

A r n i ca

ecep

d i vi si on t w i c e

o w er

er

maph r o di t e

u r e of

L in

pu

t r i d , w i t h t h

H L

u al ;

to th

o ft en

F ig

maph r o di t es

di sk

t er a, Pen

m,

femal es :

n on e ;

a ou

e r ay

S t a men

al

co r oll u l es

di at e ;

in

ce ol at e,

l et s l an
ra

l aps or u

acea

B t oi n

o sg es ,

P OLYGA M I A S U PE R F LUA
N

Pan

cel t i ca al

de M

aco

F al l k r au t , L u z i an sk r au t

S w ed

r d er

A r n i qu

W ol v er l ey

G r oot L u ci aen k r u i d

GE

O R E I GN

t ag n

er n

san

C hr y

o be l

T at

a al pi n a,

C al t h

of

th

t wo

di sk

as

b r e ad

F l or e t

H ey n

of

th

or o l l u

as

oppo s i t e cau l i n e

t ak en fr o m t h

col o u r e d aft er

n ak e d

th

peci men i n

Of

er s

e ot

l eav e s

e r ay

l es

th

Th

th

e se ed

H er bar i u m

38

FLO R A

N
Y

H O M GE O P A T H I C A

li e r au t h o r s o n me di
c al b o t an y o f t h e A r n i c a mo n t an a al t h o u g h by so me
(C h a u me
t on
F l or e M ed i ca l e) i t i s s u ppo s e d t h at t h e A mm o f D i o s
c or i d e s
c o mme n t e d
is
by M at t h i ol u s (li b i i i
on
i d e n t i c al w i t h t h i s plan t
H o w e ver D r A d ams (S upp l emen t t o
D u n ba r s L exi con 3r d e d i t ) a g o o d au t h o r i t y o n t h ese s u b
ww
say s t h at A m
as e x r essly
ect s
i
s t h e s a me a s A
a
a
p
j
s t at e d by G al e n (l i b i i i
R
h
e n s c all s i t P l an t ag o
S
t
e
p
p
aq u at i c a an d i t i s s o ac k n o w l e d g e d by C o r d u s
S i b t h or p an d
S pr en g e l ; b u t t h e d e s cr i pt i o n g i v en by Di o sc or i d e s i s mo r e
li k e t h e D o r on i c u m t h an t h e P lan t ai n ; C l u si u s (P l an t R a r i or es
p x v i i i ) d e scr i b e s a pl an t u n d er t h e n ame o f D o r o n i c u m P an
n on i cu m w h i c h ag r e es i n mo st r e s e ct s w i t h t h e A r n i c a mon t an a
p
T h e s ame pl an t i s men t i on e d by G er ar d e (l ib i i p 7 42) as t h e
G e r man M ar i g o l d o r C h r y s an t h e mu m l at i foli u m by G e s n er
as C al t h a al i n a
at i fo li u m
by
y
l
n
m
u
m
D
o
d
on
u
s
s
C
h
r
sa
t
h
e
a
e
a
p
by P en a an d L o b el as N ar d u s c elt i c a alt er a ; an d as P t ar mi c a

HI T
S

OR

o n o t ce

is

gi v e n

in t h

e ar

'

o:

ov
,

ao

li a

mon

t an

(D a l es ch a mp i i i n H i s t or L u g d
.

I t w as

n ot

br o u gh t i n t o u s e t il l t h e b egi n n i n g o f t h e l ast c en t u r y wh en i t
as
w as e x t o ll e d by a G er man ph y si c i an o f t h e n ame o f F e h r
t h e p an ac e a fo r c o n t u si o n s an d b r u i s e s ; h e n c e i t o b t ai n e d t h e
n ame P an ac e a l a sor u m
i
e n n a u se d i t e x t e n
D
f
V
o l li n
r
C
o
p
e ar s
si v el
i
n
P
H
h
y
t
h
e
az man
o spi t al i n
t
at
ci t y fo r fo u r
y
fr o m 1 7 7 1 7 4 w i t h as h e r e l at e s mo st u n pr e c e d en t e d su c c ess
an d t h r o u gh
i t s ag e n c y h u n d r e d s o f pat i e n t s w er e sn at ch e d
fr o m t h e aw s o f d e at h
H e u s e d i t e x t e n si v e ly i n i n t e r mi t t e n t
su
an d pu t r i d fe v e r s
o
si n g i t t o
o s se ss t o n i c an d an t i s ept i c
p
p
p
qu ali t i e s i n t h e h i gh e st d e g r e e an d also i n mali gn an t d yse n t er y
I t w as o b se r v e d t h at o n r s t g i v i n g t h i s me d i c i n e i t fr e qu e n t ly
r o d u c e d v o mi t i n g an d u n e asi n e s s at t h e s t o mach ; w h e n g i v en
p
i mpr o pe r ly an d i n t o o l ar g e d o se s i t ex ci t e s g r ea t a n xi et y
sh o o t i n g an d b u r n i n g p ai n s an d e v e n d an g e r ou s h e mo r r h ag e s
v o mi t i n g v er t i g o an d c o ma
I t h as al s o b e e n r e c o mme n d e d an d g i v e n i n par aly t i c d i s o r
d er s ; ch r o n i c r h e u mat i sm ; r e t e n t i on o f u r i n e fr o m par aly si s o f
,

ARN

th

bl ad d e r ;

fe v e r s ,

d,

an

d i ar r h

aea

di n

g
th

c e , at

ON T A N A

39

i n t er mi t t en t , pu t r i d ,

mau r o si s

a cc o r

mu c h i n F r an

IC A

H all e

e en

th

an

e p s y ; i t w as
i
l
p

in

l ast

tu

c en

l u sed
c o lli qu at i v e

in

yph o i d

a so

b ar k

Al t h o ff pr e fer r e d A r n i c a t o P e r u v i an

fe v e r s ;

an

as

an

t i s e pt i c

ll
e d i t t h e Q u i n i n e o f t h e po o r an d
p
d e c l ar e d i t t o b e S p e c i c i n d y s en t e r y
A r n i c a w as s u ppo s e d t o b e c o n t r a i n di c at e d by an i n amma
t o r y d i at h e si s a pr e di sp o si t i o n t o h e mo r r h ag e s an d i n t e r n al
c o n g e st i o n s
B e si d e s C o lli n as me n t i o n e d ab o v e S t o h l K au s ch C r i ch t o n
mu c o u s a d yn ami c pu t r i d
an d G i lb e r t ad v o c at e d i t s u s e i n
M ii e l l e r B u e c h n e r an d L a M ar c h e i n
an d p e t e ch i al fe v e r s
u n ker
J
g
r h e u mat i sm
an d
ou t
er i n e u mo n i a
n e h r it is
p
p
p
E sc h e n b ach an d C oll i n i n h e mi pl e gi a e pi l e ps y
an d amau
I t b e c ame w h at i s t e r me d a fash i on abl e r e me d y ab o u t
t h e l at t e r par t o f t h e l as t c e n t u r y an d c o mme n c emen t o f t h e
r e sen t o n e
u t fr o m i t s g r e at ab u s e o r r at h er i n d i s c r i mi n at e
b
p
h
h
ad i t b e e n d i s cr e e t ly a d mi
u s e fe l l i n t o d i sr e u t e al t h o u
p
g

trid

d St oh

an

ca

i s t e r e d i n d i s ease s for w h i c h i t w as

ap

r o

ve

at e , i t w o u l d h
i
p
r

b e c o me t h en as i t h as n o w i n h o moeopat h i c me di ci n e an i n v al u
abl e r e me d y i n man y s e r i o u s d i s e ase s
D E S C R I P T I O N A r n i c a mon t an a i s a p e r e n n i al pl an t ; o w e r s
T h e r o ot i s w o o d y w i t h n u mer o u s small
J u ly an d A u g u s t
,

if

vi r

Th

tu

of

es

v er se

foll owi n g

U su

l aps or u m
r i n ci

pii s

th

effe c t

en r y

J o seph

et

ah

is

mor bi s

p g

es

S ch

(I g n

au

ace

i bu

ar ch e

(G eo r g e A u g u s t e d e), D e A r

r ag ce,

1 7 36

i d 1 7 44

Bu

v i r es ,

8 vo , Vi en

D e Vi r i b u
au

s et

g u r al

di e

an

1 775

ci r ca

t i sept i s ch

peci
en

d
e

id

I /qosi ce, 1 7 4 9

1 7 73

es e o

Ar

s er v at

ce,

n a

1 780

W ol fer l ey

i cae

ac ea

C oll i n

i on

i cae i n F eb r i b u
s

1 7 74
,

ll

t 8 00

ou

D O ell i n g er

1 77 6

B i r h h ol z

D e g en u i n i s

th

on

Pan

dr e

4 t o , L ip si a , 1 7 8 5

k r o eft e d es

(L

A r n i c a, 4 t o , B a mber g

U su A r n i c as, 8 v o , Vi en
s

Th

ce ,

er

at

(A n

Ar n i c as, 4t o , G ot t i n g

O b ser v

n oe,

at

M ei sn

ech n er

pu t r i d i s

er

A r n i cas , 4 t o , E rf or d i ce, 1 7 41

u el t

t i me

w er e wr i t t en

F l or u m A r n i c as v i r e s , et c , 8 v o , Vi e n n

D e Vi r i b u

e u

th

w h i ch

A r n i c as vi r t u t e pr opr i a at qu e

Ver su ch

essay s

g Pr aes , 4 t o , H a l ve, 1 7 1 9

D i s s er t at i o i n

(J J

i ef

e ch

A r n i ca, 4t o, P

s eu

(H
a

th

A r n i ca mon t an

Di ss i n

et

ar e

B u ch h ol z

(A

F r i ed

De

(G

4t o , E rf or d , 1 7 8 5

FLO R A

40

d wh

r adi c e s , an
an

mac er at e d h

en

gen t

as t r n

an

lpi n e si t u at i on s
o b scu r e ly an g u l ar

t ast e
v er

l eaves t w i n

l i g h t er
h avi n g

an

i de

li ar

b o ve

n ot

vat e

o w er s

Th

v ei

bu t in

e s,

pl e s,

ap

i mple ,

ste

n e

d,

an

b r i gh t y e llo w

ar e

b o u t t w o i n ch e s i n
C al y x
d i ame t e r a n d pl ac e d o n u pr i gh t t e r mi n al pe d u n c l e s
h ai r y s c al e s
o f r o u gh
c o mp o s e d
T h e l ig u l at e
c yli n d r i c al
or et s ar e ab o u t si xt ee n t o ei gh t e en i n n u mb e r t h r e e t o o t h e d
an d s t r i at e d t w i c e as l o n g as t h e c alyx h ai r y at t h e b as e
S eed s
an d cr o w n e d w i t h a st r aw c o l o u r e d d o w n
ar e o bl on g bl ack i sh
T h er e ar e t w e l v e di ffe r en t s pe ci es o f A r n i c a
1 A r n i c a mon t a n a as ab o v e
L e av e s pe r fe c t ly
2 A ph i l os el l oi d es M ou s e c ar e d A r n i c a
vi llo se ; sc ape o n e o w er ed w o olly ; c alyx
en t i r e
e l li pt i c
h
t
e s t em an d l e av e s c o v er e d w i t h
e qu al l i n g t h e r a
d
o
wn ;
y
le aves t w o o r t h r ee i n ch e s l o n g an d ab ou t h alf t h i s br e ad t h
h ai r y e spec i ally o n t h e b ac k po i n t e d ; s c ape t w i c e as l o n g as
t h e l e av e s v e r y w o o ll y t o w ar d s t h e t o p ; o w e r l ar g e ; c al yx
t o me n t o s e o f t h e l en g t h o f t h e r ay ; o r e t s o f t h e r ay v e r y
an d mal e
n ar r o w
o f a d ar k r e d o r pu r pl e c o l o u r
A n at i v e o f
d eeper

c o ou r

th

as

tir

co o u r

The

li k e
h i gh

i n ch

en

fo o t

si x

ar e

dou

gl o ssy gr e en

o ppo s i t e , o f a
s

ecu

m i s ab o u t

l eaves

as a

e st e

o ft en

Th

Th

d o r s al

th e

on

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

fad e ,

th e

ii

st e

G o o d H ope
A l t er n at e
s cor p i oi d es

of
e
p

R oot s

ms

se

ve l
ra

t or t ed,

c on

fr o m S i x i n ch

es

l e av e d

su

to

pp

A r n i c a (J a c g F l or A
.

o se

d t o be

li k e

a sc or

u st

i
on ;
p

fo o t i n h ei gh t , t er mi n at e d

by

y ello w ow er o f t w o i n ch es d i ame t er ; r o ot le av es
d ee ply ser r at e d o n l on g fo o t s t alk s T h e w h o l e pl an t
r o u n d i sh
h as a st r o n g d i s ag r ee able s mell N at i ve o f S w i t z er l an d S av o y
a

d e ep

D au ph i
4
al

e,

m fo u r

o w er

P i e dmon

(J a cq

t,

rn

to

ei

gh t

i n ch

es

n at i

f th

A
an

F l or

u st

S t i r i ac a , Vi l l a r s

on e

et c

d or on i cu m

l i 0 n p ed

st e

d Au

e o

st r

ia

in
e

h e i gh

t,

92 ;

'

an

h i g h A l ps

rn

cl u s i i

ves h ai y ;
r

ea

ver b ear s mor e t h

o f t h e G r i s o s D a ph i
d

n e

an

e,

ARN

(G mel
st e

ma r i t i ma

l ib i i p

m l eafy , man

A me r i c a
6
of

G o o d H o pe
7 A ci l i a t a

h i gh

on
p

C i li at e

g ash e d
y e llo w

11
th

ka

an

d N

or

th

n at i

ve

f th

C ape

C
A
,

ese

n at v e o f

A r n i ca
J apan

F low e r s

(T h u n b

t
al mat e l e av e d A r n i c a (T h u n b l c
P
v
m
a
a
L
a
e
s
e
p
)
p almat e d t o o t h e d ; o w er s pan i c l e d t e r mi n at i n g smal l
-

last

12

at

J apo n

at v e o

er

ber a

f J apan
L

d ar k pu r pl e d i sk ,
f th

f K amt s ch

al

i ca

10

i ve

n c ed, r ed

at

pe d u

o n e s s e r r at e

S affr o n o w e r e d A r n i c a

J apan

l an c e o l at e lo w e r

le ave d A r n i c a T h e st e m i s er e c t a fo ot
h i spi d w i t h w h i t e b r i st l es ; l e av e s alt er n at e
an g u l ar
A n at i ve o f
t er mi n at i n g r e d t h e si z e o f a small p e ar

o w er e d

i u m mar i t i mu m

ow er
8

L e av es
-

Hele

A st er

41

ON T A N A

S ea A r n i c a

c r ocea

IC A

e
of
p

lan c e ol at e

a n

or i n a

pi n

n at i d

y ello w

r a

(F or s t

on e

lar g e o w er

pu r pl e

u n

der n

e at h

wi t h
at

i ve

ve
at i v e o f t h e C

i
ol i a
pf

d is

v es

G o o d H e pe

cor on o

an

an

ea

ea

P l

pi n

of

pe

u st

n at e

Go

v e y mu ch
od H
pe
r

r ese

mble s

bby l e aves
so li t ar y
t e r mi n al
s c aly
Sh

ru

l
o n e o w er e d
p
N at i v e o f N e w Z e al an d
G E OG R A PH I C A L D I S T R I B U T I O N
T h e A r n i c a mo n t an a i s fou n d
i n t h e mo u n t ai n o u s d i s t r i c t s o f man y p ar t s o f E u r o pe mo r e
ar t i cu l ar ly i n S w i t z e r l an d t h e n o r t h e r n
n d
ar
o
m
n
a
f
a
y
t
s
G
er
p
p
S i b er i a Th e r e ar e v e spe c i es E u r op e an b u t t h e A mon t an a i s
t h e o n ly o n e su ppo s e d t o h av e me d i ci n al
r o er t i e s an d i s t h at
p p
w h i ch H ah n e man n
r o ve d
T
h
er e i s a p e c u li ar par asi t i c al i n s ec t
p
w h i ch i n fe st s t h i s pl an t c all e d A r n i c a a s e ci e s o f S t a h yli n u s
p
p
P A R T S U S ED I N M E D I C I N E A N D M O D E OF P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e R oo t s F l o w e r s an d L e av e s
T h e p o w d er o f t h e r o o t i s pr e
or e l s e i t i s
p ar e d by maki n g t h r e e at t e n u at i o n s by t r i t u r at i on
d i g e st e d i n t w en t y par t s o f al c o h o l t o mak e t h e t i n c t u r e
Sh o u l d
t h e fr e sh pl an t b e pr o c u r e d t h e e xpr esse d j u i c e o f t h e w h o l e
e du n c e s

FLO R A

42

l
an t
p

i s mi x e d w i t h

H OM

ar

ts

er n al u s e
t
x
p
s
r ep ar e d as fo ll o w s :
i
i
t
as an ap li cat i on for c on t u si o n s e t c
p
p
t h e par t s o f t h e r o o t s el e c t e d sh o u l d b e ab o u t t h e si z e o f a qu i ll
t h e smal l er b r i l s b e i n g r e mo v e d ; t h i s sh ou l d b e r e d u c e d t o
c oh o l an d al lo w e d t o st an d
c o ar se
o w d er an d mac e r at e d i n
a
l
p
i n a c o o l pl ac e e i gh t o r t e n d ay s an d t h en st r ai n e d an d d e
g r eat c au t i on i s n e c e ssar y i n t h e l o c al appli c at i on o f
c an t e d ;
t h i s t i n c t u r e par t i c u lar ly i n c ase s w h e r e t h er e i s ab r asi on o f t h e
sk i n
i n su ch t h e t i n c t u r e sh o u l d b e g r e at ly di lu t e d w i t h w at er ;
i n fac t i n man y c aS e s i t c an h ar d ly b e appli e d w eak en ou gh
B efo r e maki n g u s e o f t h i s pl an t i t i s i n d i spen sabl e t o cl ean
t h e o w er s as t h e y ar e oft e n s o i l e d by t h e e gg s o f t h e par asi t i c al
y pr e vi o u sly men t i o n e d an d i t mu st b e b or n e i n mi n d t h at t h e
r oo t so on l os e s mu ch o f i t s me di ci n al v i r t u e i f e xpo s e d t o t h e ai r
b u t i f r e d u c e d t o po w d e r an d d r i e d i n a san d b at h an d t h e n
ac
e
d
i
n t o w e ll st o
e
r e s er v e d fo r y ear s
l
b
l
s
i
m
a
b
e
d
o
t
t
e
t
p
p
pp
y
F r o m t h e v e r y g r e at d e man d fo r t h i s d r u g fo r c o n t u si o n s et c
a spu r i o u s r o o t h as b e e n s e n t o ve r fr o m t h e C o n t i n e n t
an d t h e

a u t h or h as s e e n b o t t l e s l ab e l l e d
Ti n c t u r e o f A r n i c a M o n t an a
w h i c h h e h as e v e r y r e as o n t o su ppo se d i d n o t c o n t ai n o n e d r o p
o f t h e j u i c e o f t h at
I t i s t h e r e for e o f t h e last i mp or t an c e
pl an t
t h at t h o s e i n t e r e st e d e i t h e r i n t h e s al e or t h e u s e o f i t sh ou l d b e
aw ar e o f i t s di st i n g u i sh i n g c h ar ac t e r i st i c s

qu al

mO P A T H I C A
of

a c oh o

F or

THE T

RU E

OOT

FA L S E

THE

S mell mo st pecu l i ar , l ik e t h at of appl es

o r o f an a
ppl e r oom
T ast e i t in g , pu n g en t , an d ast r i n g en t
C ol ou r d ar k r own
S t r u ct u r e w o o dy , n u mer ou s smal l
r adi cl es
pr oceedi n g fr om i t i n al l di r ec
t i on s , an d g en er al l y fr om on e an d a h al f
t o t w o an d a h al f i n ch es i n l en g t h , an d
a
qu ar t er o f an i n ch i n ci r cu mf er en ce
F r act u r e sh ar p an d r i t t l e
Wh en macer at ed i n al coh ol , i t for ms
a
r o w n i sh ,
y el l o w i sh g r een t i n c t u r e,
t h e ch ar act er i st i c o d ou r pr evail i n g over
t h at o f t h e al coh ol
M a c er a t ed i n
w at er , t h e pecu l i ar
a
ppl e o d o u r i s st r on g l y per cept i l e

S mel l fai n t i sh

an

R OOT

sl i g

ver y

ht

T ast e i n si pi d
C ol ou r li g h t , y el l o wi sh r o w n
S t r u c t u r e w oo dy ; n o smal l r ad i cl e
r es r oc eed
r o ot s , b u t a mas s o f l on g
p
i n g fr om a t h i ck w o o d y s t em, t ou g h an d
u n
y i el di n g , an d di i cu l t t o r eak
.

b
b
b

W h en mac er at e d

in

al co h o l ,

g i ve s
a l i g h t y el l o wi sh
t i n ct u r e
O d ou r o f
al coh ol per vad i n g over t h at o f t h e r oo t
.

M E D I CA L
M

a t er

US E S

i a M edi ca P

(H O M
ar a ,

M acer at ed i n
smel l

th e

it h

as

bu t l i t t l e

cE O P A T H I C

as

w at er

H
)
.

fo ll o w i n

ah n e

man

h is

in

b ser v at i on s

on

CA M O N T A N A

ARN I

A r n i ca

g al l

w i t h st an di n

sc

d e n i t i o n

lly

c ar e fu

it s

o as t c

s , an

b t le

d o g mas ,

c o n st r u c t e d

bli sh e d
di
sco v e r i n g t h e
sy s t e m
e al l o at h y
h
as n e v er s u c c e e d e d i n
p
)
s pec i c
r o pe r t i e s o f t h i s pl an t n o r i n n di n g an y c e r t ai n r e me d y
p
fo r t h at g e n e r al affec t i on (o ft e n v er y se r i o u s) w h i ch r e su l t s fr o m
s e v er e fall s
sh o ck s bl o w s c o n t u s i o n s e t c
o r fr o m t w i s t i n g o r
t e ar i n g t h e s o l i d p ar t s o f t h e h u man fr ame
A t l en g t h aft er
i n n u mer able at t e mpt s an d t r i al s t h e p eo pl e d i sc o v er e d for t h em
s e l v e s t h e d e s i r e d r e me d y i n A r n i c a
T w o h u n d r e d y e ar s ag o
a
h
si ci an
n ame d F e h r
y
m
u n i c at e d t o h i s b r e t h r e n
o
m
c
fo r t h e
p
r st t i me t h e di sc o ver y o f t h i s d o me st i c r e me d y ; s i n c e w h en
A r n i c a h as b ee n c all e d P an ac e a l aps or u m
T h e c ase h as b ee n
s eci es ; t h e ar t o f me d i c i n e
r eg ar d t o al l o t h e r
si mil ar w i t h
p
o w e s t h e k n o w l e d g e o f t h e m t o d o me st i c pr ac t i c e an d h as n e v e r
mad e a si n gl e d i s c o v e r y fo r i t s e lf b ec au s e t h o s e w h o pr ac t i se
i t h av e n o t t ak en t h e t r o u bl e t o t r y t h e pu r e e ffe c t o f n at u r al
its

ot

43

su

d i st i n c t i o n

s,

th

e e st a

su

b st an

in h

r s on s
e
p

c es o n

e al

th

N
N
S
I
IC
O
B
E
V
T
I
R
A
O
S
C L N AL

0 ac

h ombop

r z n ei

l
at i o n
i
c
pp

A r n i ca i s
th

as

th

e ve

f A r n i c a,

i t abl e w h

su

g e t at i v e

a c c or

en

is in

g es

di n

th

to th

th

e n er

s t at e

ou s

It

con

r s
ea
pp

tr

ar

t
o A
y

to

be

e t h or i c y o u n g
l
p

et c

u t a,

f t o r pi di t y

c on

It is

i t e, w h i ch

i t a bl e

su

or

su

n oc h a l

pe o pl e w i t h

RE M E D

A r n i ca

L ed u m,

po n d s

mor e

ar a c t er

g ast r i cu s

n er v o u s

fac e ,

r ed

a s

ds t o t h

ve

A r n i ca

n er

n ou s con

t o p er

or

k e n e d by

w ea

o su s

g es

so n s o f

d i se ase ,

A G A I N ST

TH E

E FF E C T S OF B LO W S C O N T U S I O N S
,

i v al s R h u s t oxi cod en dr on

or

s t at u s

i t abl e t o

i n d i vi d u

c or r es on
p
.

C on i u m

to th

con se

qu en c e s

at

t en

di n

ma cu l a t u m

mp h y t u m ( ci n a l e C a l en d u l a oy i ci n a l i s
F er r u m mu r i a t i cu m
R h u s h o w e v er c o r r e

i d u m s u lp h u r i cu m, S y

lymph at i c t emper amen t ; t o

w i t h p al e y e ll o w li vi d fac e
As

i
d
u
p

t i on

st u

the

mueo pat h i c pr i n c i pl e
s y st e m t h e an i mal as w ell

i
n
a mma t or
h
e s
esp eci a l l
t
,
y
y
y
y
e s eci ally u s e fu l i n
t h e s e c all e d
p

u r el
p

is

d er

i t is th

s t a n ces ,

ffe r

ks (H a n d bu ch
fo ll o w i n g r emar k s o n
d Tr i n

an

f i na mma t i on wh er e t h e vi t a l p ow er s become ext i n c t

a n d ! t h es e c i r c u m
t orp i d fever or n eu r op h l og os i s s et s i n

os e s t a

w h er e

mi t t el l eh r e)

an

xt en si on

of

FL O R A

44

me mbr an

C on i u m i s

mor e

s t r u c t u r e s,

tu

th

es

eci al

i t abl e fo r

su

th

c on

tu

s on s,

C a l en d u l a for

g i l l at i o n

su

i n du
o

blo o d y

s,

an

of

ch

mb n

glan d u l ar

of
e ss

t u si on

Sy

mp h y

b on

i n l t r at i on

s er o u s

c on

j oi n t s

th e

r o d u c e a c on

r at o n

n u

an

pr e ssu r e

wh i

t o th

li g amen t s

ly

ce

mo r e

an sw er s

s o

es

f th

lc er s R u t a w e kn o w t o
b e spec i c i n c ase s o f me ch an i c al i n j u r y t o t h e t ar sal o r c ar pal
j o i n t s an d i n r h eu mat i c par aly si s o f t h e se par t s F er r u m mar i a
t i cu m i s e spe c i ally u se fu l i n a si mi l ar affe c t i o n o f t h e sh o u l d e r
j o i n t ; an d L ed u m w h en t h e h i p j o i n t i s t h e seat o f t h e se
ce

ll u l ar

es,

ll u l ar t i ssu e an d
ac c om an i e d by a se n s at i o n
p

of

sat i on

d en

t i ss u

ou s

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

t i ssu

in

w ou

pen

ds

an

ffec t i o n

A r n i c a mo n
p

at h

t an

ppl i c at i on

ic

th

c a s si on o
an

d p ar aly t i c t s

pu

trid

qu

en c e s o f

ac u

tu

B ad

u r u n cu

lly

e n o se

d i al g i a ,

c o n se

an

e ffe c t s

lu s

qu en t

R e t en t i o

pon

S er o u

c au s e s

u r i n ae

an

er

vou

con

s, a

g ast r i c an d
li mb s C on se

F r oz en

s,

e u se o f

mil i ar i s

th e

on

ic

i nj u r y

po pl e ct i c ,

S o por o u

o f o n e c h ee

ch r o n

E pi st ax i s

pi t

of

bl
g
n
e
e
di
(

mo r r h ag e fr om t h
th

e st o

mach

ar

g ast r i t i s o r lo ss o f an i mal u i d s
mu

c ou s

M et r or r h

P l eu r i t i s

i cal

g t o t h e h o moeo

C i n ch o a P o i on
o
f i n s ect s H yd r o ceph al u

S tin g s

qu en c e s of bl o w s

P l eu r o d yn i a

fr o m t h

ft er S c ar l at i n

ges

go u t

S w ell i n

s t i t ch 3S

D y s en t e y
i
t
i
s
u
r
e
l
p

on s e

S pl en e t i c

me ch

ma r r ow

al

di n

ac c o r

fr om ext er n al

i si n g

A t o n i c h emo r r h

ci a
e
p

mo u t h

d t h e sp i n

s, e s

fr o m t h

vi c eable

se r

a l l c a s es a r

an

b een

Rh eu mat i sm a

fr i gh

by l ead

in g

as

in

br a i n

fe v er s

gi a

Pn

en
.

eu

t er i t i s

P r o ct i t i s

P e r t u s si s S pu r i o u
.

mon i a

pr o d u

ce d

by

H A R A C T E R I S T IC P E C UL I A R I T I E s T h e p ai n s i n cr e ase by
t alk i n g mo v i n g ab ou t bl o w i n g an d e v e n by e v er y s o u n d
Th e
T
h
ai n s qu i ckly w an d er fr o m o n e p ar t t o an o t h er
e v i o len c e
p
o f t h e p ai n s al mo st d r i v e h i m d i st r ac t e d
A N T I D O T E s C amph or I g n at i a : i t an t i d o t e s A mmo n i ac u m
C h i n a C i cu t a F e r r u m Ipe c acu an h a S en e g a
W i n e i n cr e ase s t h e effec t s o f A r n i c a by aggr avat i n g t h e
sy m t o ms
p
.

V II

A S AF CE T I DA

G UM - R E

S YN O N YM S

_A safoet i d a

Per si ca, H op e

A s a fet i da

H al sii t

GE N
t

at

it

lin

in

cu r v e d

r u

poi n

ov al , so

mew h at

AR

L obes

l at t er

do t u

F ig
l eaf

th

Th

Ar

a b.

di scer n i l e
acu

e,

min

Mar g i n

at e,

man y r ay s
mar k ed wi t h

wi t h

thr

su

th

co

o se

pp

Su

ts u

expan

mpl e

di n g

ascen

o ft en

ca l

o ppo s

ee el evat e d

l in

e , el l i pt c al

x,
or

it e

e s on

at

on

cl ot h e d

e s eg

th

wi t h

l ea

ess sh eat h s

t w o , pi n

or

n at

i d ,

eaves

sin u at e .

mmu n i s

o w er

si

of

an

l at er al ,

men t s on
I n x o l u cr wm n on e

an c i en

e an c i en

la

Th

d G ale n

F er u

an

r o du ced

s c ar c e ,

th

s,

Sp a/n

D I G YN I A

E N T A N DR I A ,

er u l a

a l c on er

t sch i n k

D u i vel s d r eck

pi n n at i sec t
l on g , o t u se

myst er y ; i t i s
er o

m t er at e

w h i t e,

mpr esse d

IS TO R Y
The

t ir

en

co

. .

Z affet i ca

D u r n opat h

I n in n

t h ex asafoet i d a, F

i n t o t w o par t s
S eed s t w o, l ar g
mar k ed w i t h t h r ee di s t i n ct r i s

H S t
,

R u ss

sc ar cel y

o v at e ,

F l ower

si d e ,

r adi cal

Du t

i an t h

er

bl

H in g

BE L L I F E R

et a l s

each
.

I Ii n d

ar

A ssafet i d a,

St in k asau t , St eck en k r au t

Si d e, s epar a

I t al

en er a l u

each

PE

K cempf er

en si s,

asafoet i d a,

F er u l a

l eav es

A S A F CE T I D A

mbel of n u mer ou s r ay s g l ob o se ; p ar t i a l simi l ar

er a l
i n x o l u cr mn d eci du ou s ; p a r t i a l of n u mer ou s smal l

G en

it

O r d er , UM

H AR

ear

m:

mm l i b

A safet i d a

Un g ooseh

v e t o ot h e d

ME F

G er

Per s

A safoet i d a di sg u n

FE R U L A

THE

B a/ah i n ,

FO R E I G N

S I N FR O M

h i st o r y
d

c cu s

d th

d ed

an

2 :74pm

L aser pi t i u m

of

f th

P lin

me g en

sa

u s,

o f D i o s co r i d e s i n
E
a
,

d 3 Th
.

se e d

in

v o lve d

D i osc

b u t t h i s pl an t

r en ai c u s

Cy

se d an o t h e r

th

f A safoet i d a i s i n

be t h

to

an

di ff er en t

or

in

i d e s,

y w h i ch
b e c o mi n g
r o b ably
p
i t s pl ac e
,

st at es .

Th

FLO R A

46

Di o sc or i d es

y s t h at i t g r ow s i n Syr i a
A r men i a M e di a an d L y bi a ; an d P li n y
F or a l o n g t i me
r
p ast t h e o n ly L aser (by w h i c h n ame t h i s g en u s w as c al l e d )
b r o u gh t t o u s i s t h at w h i ch i s pr o d u c e d ab u n d an t ly i n P er si a

M e di a an d A r men i a b u t i t i s far i n fer i or t o t h e C yr en ai c

I t i s pr ob abl e t h at t h i s L as er d e s cr i b e d by P li n y i s t h e A safoet i d a
o f mo d er n
t i me s
S er api o n al s o gi ve s a l o n g ac c o u n t o f i t
u n d er A s s a an d li k en s i t t o 2 1 6
pm an d A vi c e n n a r ec or d s t w o

i
n
d
s
t h e o n e fet i d t h e o t h er o d o r i fer o u s
k
D i o sc or i d es (l i b er
i ii c ap
i n d e scr i b i n g t h e 2 0 n
vau n t s i t s pow er s mo st
h i g h ly ; mi x e d w i t h v ar i ou s i n g r e di en t s i t pr e v en t s su ffu si o n
i n i n ammat i o n o f t h e e y e s cu r e s t o o t h ach e s t h e b i t es o f mad
d o g s an d
o u n d s o f s c or
i
on s
M
i
x
e d w i t h r u t a i t r e li e v e s
p
w
c ar b u n c l e s
an d w i t h o t h er su b st an c e s c u r e s sar c o ma p o lypu s
t et an u s
i s an e x c e ll en t g ar gl e i n s o r e
an d
opi s t h o t on o s ;
t h r oat ; h e lps t h e c at amen i a et c
H e also d e scr i b e s an o t h e r
a
l
p n t N a E or F er u l a (fr o mfer u l a a c an e) w h i ch h e r e c o m
men d s as mo st u sefu l i n h aemopt ysi s c oel i aci s an d w h en gi ven
i n w i n e as a r e me d y ag ai n st t h e b i t es o f vi pe r s
P li n y (H ol l an d s T r a n sl a t i on b o ok xi x ) s ay s t h at L aser pi
t i u m w as di s c o v er e d r st i n t h e pr o vi n c e o f B ar b ar i e C yr en ai c a
T h e j u i c e or li qu or d r aw n fr o m t h i s h er b t h e y c all L aser ; a d r u g
s o magn i e d o f su ch si n g u l ar i t y an d u se i n
ph y si ck e e spe c i ally
t h at i t w as so l d by w ei gh t an d a d r ach m o f w h i ch c o s t a R o man
d en i er
F o r so me y ear s t h i s pl an t i s n o t t o b e fou n d i n O yr e
n ai c a o w i n g t o t h e far mer s an d
pu bli c an s pu t t i n g t h ei r c at t l e
i n t o t h e el d s i n w h i ch i t gr o w s an d i s by t h e m e at e n g r e e di l y
an d t h e y g r o w fat an d g i v e mu ch mi lk w h e r e by t h e y g ai n mo r e
t h an by all ow i n g i t t o s t an d fo r j u i c e
I f by ch an c e a sh e ep
o r g o at e at o f t h e y o u n g
n o wn
l
k
by t h e foll o w
m
a
b
e
n t
i
a
t
y
p
i n g S i gn n ame ly t h e Sh e ep as s o on as i t h at h t ast e d i t w i ll
d r op asl e ep an d t h e g o at b e g i n sn e e z i n g
F or man y y e ar s
t h e mer ch an t s h av e b r ou gh t n o o t h er L aser t h an t h at w h i ch

gr o w s i n P er si a
I t w as so pr i z e d t h at by g r e at g o o d fo r t u n e t h e c o n su l s
,

i n d e scr i b i n

H O M cE O P A T H I C A

th

E d am ,

sa

ov
,

F (E T I D A

A SA

47

Valer i u s an d M H e r en i u s br o gh t t h i r t y p u d w ei gh t
of i t t
Ro me f om C y en as n d t h at i t w a se t abr o d t
h ow t
al l
c o mer s ;
at
t h e b egi n n i n g o f
d t h at C ae ar
t h e c i vi l w ar
t o o k fo r t h o pen ly fr o m t h e ch amb er o f t h e c i t y
w i t h o t h er t
i
e
1
1
1
e b th
l
l
v
ds f
of
d
an d
p
g
C

an

r e asu r

th e

b e st

as er

ou n

ds t h

Th

w or d s :

mo d e i n

mo st

it

w h i ch

r en o w n e d

i g i n at e d i n t h

or

G r e ek

au

th

or s

fol

ve left

y e ar s b efo r e t h e fou n d at i on of t h e ci t y
C yr en e w h i ch w as b u i lt 1 43 y ear s aft er o u r ci t y o f Rome
t h i s pl an t L aser pi t i u m w as en g en d er e d i n
o n e i n st an t
by
o c casi o n o f a c er t ai n t h i c k
gr oss an d bl ack Sh ow er o f r ai n i n
man n er o f pi t ch w h i ch su d d en ly fell an d d r en ch e d t h e gr o u n d
Th at t h e h er b wi ll n o t ch o o s e t o b e c u lt i v at e d b u t d i e s if
t ak en fr o m b ar r en s o i l
Th at c at t l e ar e r s t se c u r e d by i t an d t h en aft e r r i d of

h u mo u r g r o w fat an d i n e sh t ast e mo st d e li cat e

G e offr e y M i ll ar an d F o u r cr o y n d a r es emblan ce b et w een
t h e C yr e n ai c a an d A s afoet i d a an d c on si d er t h at i t i s w i t h ou t
d ou b t t h e E mp y of Di o scor i d e s t h e L aser pi t i u m o f P li n y
t h e A s afoet i d a di sg u n en si s o f K ae mpfer an d t h e F e r u l a A safoe
C apt ai n B eec h ey a mo d er n t r av ell er fou n d
t i d a o f L i n n aeu s
i n t h e r e gi on o f C yr e n e a pl an t t h r e e fe e t h i gh r e sembli n g
h e su ppo s e d t h e s ame as t h e an ci en t
t h e h e ml o c k w h i ch
Z AQ V
I t h as b e e n a mat t er o f u n c er t ai n t y fr o m w h at so u r c e
t h e A safust i d a w as pr o cu r e d
t i ll w i t h i n t h e l ast fe w y ear s ;
t h e F e r u l a P e r s i c a h av i n g b e e n gi ven an d g u r e d as t h e pl an t
i n wr i t i n

e a s o r ecor

lowi n g

th

at

sev en

lo

IO

fr o m w h i ch t h
t i on

of

H u gh
h

as se t

th

l
an t i n t h
p

at

F alc on
th e

m
e si n
r oceed e d
r
p
g

er

B o t an i c al G ar d e n

h ow e v e r , i n h i s

qu e st i o n

at r e st , an

l at e

Dr

S n ce

r e s e ar c

H o pe

es

d pr o ve s t h at t h

in
e

s cu

b u r gh

f E di n

Ce
tru

tra

l t i va

Dr

A si a,

F er u l a i s

ly by K aempfer
A safoet i d a h as b e en u se d e x t en si v e ly i n allo pat h i c me d i ci n e
I n spasmo d i c an d c o n v u l si v e d i s e as es
H y st er i a In fan t i n e
c o n v u l si on s
P u r e spasmo d i c ast h ma
H o o pi n g
E pi lepsy
F 2
th

at

w h i c h w a s d e sc r i

be d

so ac c u r at e

48

FLO R A

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

yst er i c al an d d yspept i c i n di vi du als

an d o f i n fan t s
A s a st i mu l a
t i n g e xpe c t or an t an d an t i sp asmo d i c
i n ch r on i c c at ar r h
I n c on s t i pat i on w i t h at u l en c e ; an d as
an
i n u t er i n e o b st r u c t i o n s (ame n or r h oea an d
e mme n ag o g u e
e mpl o y e d
ch l o r o si s
s afoet i d a h as b e e n
f
r o m a n o t i o n t h at i t
A
)
a c t e d s e c i c ally o n t h e w omb
p
D E S C R IP T I O N (F r om D r F al c on e r s acco u n t i n Tr an sact i on s
A t all p er e n n i al plan t v e t o ei gh t fe e t
of L i n n
S oc
h i gh
R oot f u si for m si mpl e or d i vi d e d a fo o t or mo r e i n
l en g t h ab ou t t h r e e i n ch e s i n di amet er at t o p wi t h a d ar k
f
h
e i sh
rru
at e d su r face
T
e su mmi t c on n e c t e d ab o
v
h
e
c
o
e
t
g y
g
s o i l w i t h d ar k h ai r l i k e b r o u s t e g men t a t h e
i
m
er
s
i
s
t
en
x
u
t
e
v
p
L eaves c oll e c t e d i n t o a fas ci c l e ab o v e t h e r oo t s
o f fo r mer y e ar s
n u me r o i r s l a
r g e an d spr e adi n g ab o u t e i gh t e en i n c h e s i n l en g t h
i n t h e ad u l t pl an t o f a l i gh t g r e e n c o l o u r p al er u n d er n e at h
S
t
s t r i at e d
ab o u t t w o
l
em e r e c t
at h e r y t ext u r e
an d o f a d r
e
y
i n ch e s i n d i ame t er at t h e b ase so li d t h r o u gh o u t
G en er a l as
Umbel s t en t o t w en t y
w ell as p ar t i al i n vol u cr a w an t i n g
r ye d
e mi t t e d fr om t h e d i l at e d sph e r i c al h e ad o f a c o mmon
a
d
u n c l e ; t h e r ay s t w o t o fou r i n ch es i n l en g t h
r t i a l u mbel s
e
P
a
p
w i t h v er y Sh o r t r ay s aggr e g at e d i n t o a r o u n d c api t u l a v ar yi n g
fr o m t en t o t w en t y r ay s i n t h e fer t il e an d fr o m tw e n t y v e t o
F l ow er s small w h i t e t h e b ar r en
t h i r t y i n t h e b ar r en u mb el l ae
g en er ally mi xe d u p w i t h t h e fer t i le S t y l es l i fo r m r e ect e d
i n t h e r i pe fr u i t r at h er sh o r t an d s l en d e r at t ach e d by a b r o ad
b ase F r u i t fr o m se v en t o ft e en r i pen i n g o n t h e par t i al
u mb e l s s u pp or t e d o n sh or t st al k s
T h e pl an t ab o v e d e scr i b e d I b e li e v e t o b e t h e t r u e A safoe
c ou

gh

F lat u l en t

co

li c

of

'

d i sg u

t i da
a

pp

e ar

w as
u

to h

or

H i n g e sch

ve b e en met
si t u

in

o f a c en

tu

by
an

th
a

at

fo l l o w mg i s K aempfer

as a

It

d o es

n ot

lf ag o

K aempfe r

of

by an y o t h er b o t an i st S i n c e i t
e x c e ll en t an d c ar efu l o b s er v er

wi t h

d escr i pt i on

lo n g g en er ally u n d i vi d e d
n ally w h i t e e sh y fu ll o f j u i ce
h

x ami n e d

ar d s
w
p

Th

n e n si s,

r oo t
an

of

l an t

th is p

It

bl ack

wi t h

t , bu t

i n t er

ver pow er i g

o d ou r

an

ou

A SA

so

met h i n g l i ke g ar li c

th

i c kn

u n

e ss o f a

t il i t

sh o o t s u

si z e o f

th e

man

man

Th i s

th

mb

F (E T I D A

r oot ,

an

ow er i n g

wh

49

b ou t

en

c on

t in

u es a

st e

so

th

it

at

so

met i mes

I t pu sh es ou t an n u all y
w h i ch r e se mbl e t h o se o f t h e p aeon y ,

l eg

d, i s t h

ol

ft er w ar d s t o i n

y e ar

se

c r e as e

r e ac h es

v e al l g e
ar

an d e xh al e a
le av e s
Rar ely i n
s t r o n g g ar li c o d o u r li k e t h at o f t h e r o o t
b u t w e ak er
i t s r st y e ar g en er ally i n d e e d n o t t ill i t i s man y y e ar s ol d i t
r o d u c e s a o w er i n g S t e m w h i c h
i
s b e t w e en S i x an d n i n e fe e t
p
b ou t t w o i n ch e s i n di ame t er an d n ak e d e x c ept t h at i t
t al l a
b ear s r u d i men t ar y le av es i n t h e for m o f t h e c yli n dr i c al b ase s o f
le af st al ks T h e wh ole plan t d i es aft er i t h as o n c e ow er e d

H
e
d
e
s cr i b e s t h e fo ll o w i n g pr o c e ss
an d r i en e d t o s e e d
p
of
r o cu r i n g t h e
n
l
n t i s at l e ast fo u r
a
u
m
r
e
s
i
n
h
h
W
e
t
e
p
p
g
y e ar s ol d an d b efo r e i t pr o d u c es a o w er i n g st em t h e r o o t
le aves ar e t w i st e d o ff clo se t o t h e r o ot i n t h e b egi n n i n g of A pr il
an d t h e s oi l i s r e mo v e d fr o m t h e c r o w n o f t h e r o o t
A bou t
fo r t y d ays aft er w ar d s a sli ce i s c u t h or i z o n t ally fr om i t s su mmi t
u
po n w h i ch a mil ky j u i c e o f an o v er p o w er i n g fe t i d o d ou r
gr ad u al ly e xu d es I n t w o d ays w h en t h e e xu d at i o n i s some

r o ot

wh

at

ar

d en

ed,

it is

scr a e d o
p

ff,

an

at

th

me t i me

sa

fr e sh

li c e i s cu t off t h e t o p o f t h e r o ot fr om wh i ch t h e j u i c e ag ai n
ow s an d i s c ol l e c t e d as b efor e Th i s pr o cess may b e r epe at e d
b efor e t h e
so o ft en as t w e l v e t i me s i n t h e c o u r se o f s i x w e e k s
r o o t i s alt o g e t h er e xh au st e d
T h e r o o t s ar e c ar efu lly k e pt fr o m

aft e r
T h e g u m r e si n
t h e su n
e x c e pt
t h e l as t o per at i on
g at h er e d fr o m se ve r al pl an t s at on e t i me i s u n i t ed i n t o masse s
ab o u t on e o r t w o p o u n d s i n w e i gh t ; an d w h en far t h e r h ar d en e d
by k e epi n g i s s en t t o t h e por t s o f P er si a for e xpor t at i on o r
di spo se d o f for c on su mpt i on i n t h e c o u n t r y a s a c on di men t
man y o f t h e A si at i c s b ei n g e xt r emely fo n d o f i t ; an d fr o m t h i s

c au s e

so

fo o d fo r

me o f
th e

A safce t i d a

th

go d s

ol

d w r i t er s h

c al l ed

i t C i bu

D eor u

of c o

mmer ce

i n i r r e g u l ar pi e c e s o f v ar i abl e
e fr ac t u r e i s c on
h
T
k
b
r o wn
i
n
i
s
h
p

oc c u r s

xt er n ally yellow i sh o r
c h oi d al
wh i t i sh or mi lk w h i t e
i

s z e, e

ve

t r an

s u cen

t , pe ar

ly

wi t h

w axy

F LO R A
l u st r e
face

ac

c o ou r

By

x po su r e

qu i r es

w h i ch

in

af t er

li gh t

to

fe w h

so

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

o u r s,

me

th

v i o l et

w ee

ai r

an

ly

fr ac t u

peach

r e d or

d i min i s h

ks

e r e c en

r e d su r

blo ssom r e d

in

i n t en si t y , an d
r o wn
i
n
k
i
s
h
b
I
bl
t
i
s
s
i
e
f
u
p

es

g r ad u all y passe s i n t o y el l o w i sh or
b u r n i n g i n ai r w i t h a w h i t e ame an d t h e
an d i n ammabl e
I t s t ast e i s ac r i d an d b i t t er an d i t s
s mo k e
e v o lu t i on o f mu c h
Th er e ar e t w o d i er en t
o d ou r s t r o n g alli ac e o u s an d pe cu l i ar
s o r t s g en er al ly fou n d i n t h e sh op s A s afoet i d a i n g r an i s or A s a
fce t i d a i n t ear s ; A safoet i d a i n massi s or lu mp A safmt i d a : t h i s
lat t er i s su ppose d t o b e t h e r esi n o f t h e F er u la A safoet i d a t h e
o t h er b ei n g t h at o f t h e F e r u l a P e r si c a
B e si d es t h e g u m r e si n
t h e fr u i t o f t h e N ar t h e x A s afoet i d a i s i mp or t e d i n t o In d i a fr o m
P er si a an d A fg h an i st an u n d er t h e n ame o f A n jou d an b ei n g
e x t en si v ely e mpl o e d b
h
n at i v e
h
y
si c i an s
t
e
y
y
p
GE OG R A PHIC A L
D I S TR I BUTI O N
P er si a ;
A fgh an i st an
D r F alc on e r fo u n d i t i n
mou n t ai n s o f C h or as san an d L aar
t h e v al l e y o f A st o r e o n e o f t h e su b or d i n at e v all ey s o f t h e In d u s
b eh i n d C ash mee r S i r A le x an d er B u r n es also fou n d i t i n t h e
fe et ab o v e t h e l e v el o f t h e
mo u n t ai n s of Hi n d oo K o o sh
.

sea

PARTS
Th

US

ED

G u m r e si n

E DI C I N E

IN

th

w h i ch

at

L u mp A safoet i d a, for t h

u n

0 772

c i pal l y

on

d bu ch
th

at

v eget at i ve

s e n si

b i li t y

di n

i n d i vi d u al

s,

le g mat i c

fu

or

by

0 772

t i on

of

n c t o n s,

S t apf

A cc or di n

th e

an

n er

vou s

d is g

th

or

wit h

v en o u s

t empe r ame n t ,

an
ar e

d h

ly

an

su

to

o ac

i t abl e w h

ac c o

d to

an

p ar t i cu

s or

c o n st i t u

lar ly

th

en

mpan i e d by

S c r o fu l ou

mo r r h oi d al

mo r e

add e

w as

A safoet i d a act s pr i n
s y st em w h i ch r e g u lat es

en e r al

g an i sm i s e x c e ssi ve
g e xc e ss o f v en o u s bloo d

of

c or r e s on
p

ph

M a t er i a M edi ca

an

th

Tr i n k s (H
u

e r e as on

kn o w n i n c ommer ce as t h e
T h e t i n ct u r e i s
ab o v e st at e d

T
P
A
H
I
C
A
safoet i d a
E
O
M
m
O
US S (H
)

M E D I CA L
H

is

d er A c on i t e

th e

M O D E OF P R E P A R A T I O N

AN D

by i n fu si n g ft y gr ai n s o f t h e pow d er i n
al c oh o l
T h e at t en u at i o n s t o b e mad e as di r e c t e d

pr epar e d

d r o ps

c er

n er

t i on

t ai n

vou

an

of

e
a
s

th

A S A F CE T I DA

favourable

of

action

51

A safce t i d a

Hyst eria and hypochondria

Ascites and anasarca arising fro m di s
G lobus h y st er i c a
organi z ation o f the abdo min al organs
Chronic rheumatis m
and go u t O besity S welling of the glands scro fulous affe c
t i ons and rachiti s Venereal mercurial ulc ers o f the bones
Hydrargyro sis
with men strual
R heumatic gastric fever
colic Amblyopia amau r o t ica O phthalmi a scr o fu l o sa O z oena
sc r o fu l o sa
O torrh oea scr ofu l o sa with discharg e o f bloody
serum having a putrid s mell O t or r h aaa and deafness fro m
the abuse o f mercury
Diaphrag mitis
(E sophagitis
Chr onic gastri t is Bilious and gastric conditions particularly
when t h e latt er has arisen fro m eating too much fat W eak
nes s of digestion in hypochondriacal persons Chronic affections
o f the liver
P u l sations o f the abdo men
O bstruction and
hardness of abdo men Colic F latu l ent coli c S pasm o f the
bladd er Catamenia too scanty and too ear ly with labour li ke
pain s Asthmatic su er i n g s from exertion o f any kind P alpi
t at i o n o f the heart particu l arly w hen ar 1 s1 n g fro m physical
e xertions or t h e s u dden suppre ssion of so me habitual di s charge
or o t her secretions and when acco panied with violent c on
g estion o f t h e lung s
C H A R A C T ER I S TI C P E C U LIA RI T I ES Intermitt ent p u l sative
or oppr essive darting ; also tearin g pains from within outwards
transfor med into differ ent kinds o f pain s o r relieved by touch
ing the parts and sometimes acco mpanied by feelin g o f numb
pains in the planes o f the exo r muscles ; the pains
n ess
come on when sitting ; they abate during a walk in the open air
P rofessor J org Wz bmer T/Vzr ls d A r z n ei m ii G ifte b d ii
336 ) and h i s pupil s (males and fe mal es ) endeavoured t o elucidate
the eff ects o f this me di cine by experiments on the mselves
D o ses o f Asafoetida n o t exceeding a scruple caused uneasiness
and pai n in the stomach increased secretion o f the gastro
intestinal membrane and alvine evacuations The pulse w as
increased in frequency ; the animal heat aug mented ; the
respirat ion quickened and the excretion fro m t h e bronchial
.

'

'

'

'

FL O R A

52

me mbranes in creased

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

A very constant effect was headache

and giddiness The ur ino gen i tal organs appeared to be espe

c i all
a
ff
ec
ed
and
the
cata
m
enia
appeared
be
f
ore
h
usual
t
t
e
y
period
A reference to the h i story of t his plant w ill demonst rate h o w
const antly it has been given for disease s the sympto ms of which
it w ill prod u ce w hen taken in over large doses
M M Tro u sseau and P i d o u x (T r a i t d e T h emp pp 1 2 1 3)
state that they felt n o inconvenience from taking A saf ce t i d a ; the
only effect it produced w as altering the odour o f t h e secre t ions
w hich was w orse than the Asafoetida itself ; and the p er spiration
o f Asiatics who use A s afaat i d a d aily beco mes e xtre mely i mpreg
n at e d
A r istophanes (E qu i t es act ii sc 4) all udes to th i s
circumstan ce
In e xperiments made on animals it was found that the odour
o f Asafoet i da w as discoverable in the veins of t h e sto mach t h e
stomach itself and the s mall intestines b u t n ot in t h e ar t e rial
blood or the lymph Hence it is concluded that the odorous
principle of t h e g u m resin i s but very slowly absorb e d by the
venous system
A N T ID O T E S (t o homoeopat hic do ses) Chin a P ulsat illa
E lec t ricit y
-

d el

'

H S ow er by 1 1 t h

e e
ev

So l

h ol

h c

i mp

VIII

A S AR U M E UR O P E UM

A sar a a coa , F ol e s F oo t , H
SYN O N YM s

folii s

r en

O E G Nu
R

S wed

I t al

at

/n
mm, B au m

sa

i for mi b u s

sau v ag e .

assel

su

v . sect

A sar et , C ab ar et ,

Ger m

D em

g li b

assel u r

asel kr au

A sar u m vu l g ar e

A sar u m

D OD E C A N D R I A

d el l e, O r eil l e d H

on

t,

aa el w u r z

W o d ol er

R am :

O r der , A R I S T O L O C H I ZE , J a ss

N ar a

A s ar o

or t

un

Wi l d

t,

bh i r su t i s, I n h m

n s

az el wor

Dat

M on

ar

de

an soor

S A R M EN TA C EE

mme

o G YN I A

L in

mpan u l at e th r ee l ob e d c or i aceou s col ou r ed ; t h e

C or o l l a n on e
S t a men s t wel v e i n s er t ed i n t h e ov ar y
p oi n t s i n cu r v ed
A n t h em a dn at e t o t h e mi ddl e
aw l sh ape d h al f t h e l en g th of t h e c al y x
S t y l e col u mn ar
of t h e l amen t s e ach o f t wo r ou n d separ at e c ell s
S t i g ma stel l at e si x l ob ed
C ap su l e six
n ear l y as l on g as t h e stamen s

GE N

HAB

C a ly

x ca

EC

HAR

SP

pai r s,

eaves i n

ki

dn ey sh
-

ape

d ob tu se
,

H I S T O R Y A substance which act s so perceptibly o n the org an s

of smelling an d o f sight nat urally soon at trac t ed t h e at t ent ion o f
physicians so we nd the mo st ancient master s o f o u r art cele
Dioscorides (lib i cap
b r at i n g t h e vir t ues of A sarum
described it un der the name of A aa g ov and reco mmended its u se
in vomit in g dropsy and inv et erate ischias P liny assert s t hat
i t w as o ft en confounded wit h N ardu s (Valerian ) and B accar i s ;
b u t S pr engel main t ains that t h e B acc ar i s o f t h e ancient s an d
.

F ig

pi st il s
st i g

ma

A ow er

5 A
.

open ed .

men

separ at e st a

seed

mag n i ed

Un r i pe
sh o wi n

wi t h

c apsu l e, cr own ed

g it s

awl -sh ape.

th

4 A g er men
.

men

e st a

st y

s an

l e,

an

F LORA

54

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

the Asarabacca are ident ical and he afrms tha t in the dist rict o f
Verona the Asar u m is cal led B acch er a and that the E nglish
name Asarabacca is a union o f the two A sarum and B acc ar i s
but it s eems t o have been a disput ed point even in the anci ent
time s as to what Was t h e B acc ar i s Galen says that it was a
term applied both to a herb and a L y di an oint me nt ; others
have suppo se d it to be the F oxglove (Digit alis) M at t h i ol u s
and Bauhin t hink the B ac car i s is the Conyz a squamosa t o which
it s eems mos t identical accordi ng to Adams
P liny evidently
did n o t con found the t w o plants ; in lib xxi cap vi (H ol l an d s
h e says :
There i s anoth er plan t which t h e Greeks call
A aa gov ver y differen t from Bac c ar i s
I do nd that this plant
is called A sarum becaus e it adorne t h not garlands (fro m a non

M as er say s t h a t Asar um was call ed

and ad l em t o ador n )
E st A saron G r ee c e Vu l g ag o dic t a L atin
Vu l g ag o
,

This h

er b e

A sa/r an d o t h

Wh er eas t h e L at i n
-

es

G r eci an

Va lg ag

me ;

s n a

cl epe t h

me

e sa

I t w as

al so called by the gr e at learn e d philosoph ers according

to G er ar d e A qu a a psws i e M ar t is s angui n is or the blood o f
inion
M ars ; an d C u lpeper in his Herbal says it is un der t h e do m
In giving an acco un t
o f M ar s and ther efore inimical t o natur e
this s ame ph y s1 0 1 an deprecat es t h e
o f t h e virtues o f t h e herb
use o f violent cathar t ic s etc in the following words : I shall
de sire i gnorant people t o forb ear t h e use of t h e leaves

"
The t rut h is f fan cy purging and vo miting medi
cine s as litt le as any man breat hing doth for t h ey weaken
nature ; n or shall ever advis e t hem t o be used un le ss upon
urgent nece ssit y I f a physician be N a t ure s servant it is h i s
duty t o st r engthen his mistress as much as h e can and weaken

her as lit tle as may b e

D o d o n aeu s (L y t e s T r an sl at i on h ook iii ) gives t h e following
account o f the vir t u es o f A sarabacca : The ro ot boiled in wine
and drunken is good against the strangury the cough shortne ss
o f b r e ath and difcul t y o f breathing co n vul sion s cramps and
the shrin king t oge t her o f me mbers
,

S A RU M

E UR O P JE U M

55

same taken in like manner is protable again st v eno m

and the biting and stinging of s erpents
The same in wine is good for the m that have the dropsy
and sciatica
The leaves o f the Asarabacca stamped w ith wi n e and
s t rained and the j uice t hereof d runken causeth vo miting and
purgeth by vo miting tough ph l egm and choler
The same leaves stamped are good to be applied and laid
to the ache and dolors of the head to the inammation of the
eyes and t o wo men s br e asts that are too full o f milk when they
list to dry the same and i t is good t o be laid t o the dise ase

c al led the wil d re especial ly at the begin n i ng

It was reco mmended by Coste and W il l eme t as a sub st it ute
fo r ipecacuanha and in deed was used as an e metic previous to
the introduction of that root int o E urope A few grains snuffed
or
f
the
nose
several
evenings
w
i
l
l
produc
e a considerable
u
p
w atery di scharge which so me times continues fo r several days
b y which headache toothache chronic ophthal mia and so me
It
is
so or i c and paralyt ic co mplaint s have been relieved
p
suppo sed to be the ch i ef ingre di ent in the cephalic sn u s It
w as also used in arthrit is ascites tertian and quartan ag u es
vertigo hydrocephalus amaur osis de a i e ss bleeding fro m the
no se paralysis of the organs o f deglutition ict erus di seases o f
t h e kidneys chron i c bronchitis and asthma I t was an ingredient
in some o f the nostrums used to procur e abortions and is
us ed as a specic in dy sent ery by t h e Icelanders It h as b e en
e mployed t o cure malignant ulcers and other dis eases i n cat t le
A comparison wi t h the provings o f this plant wil l sho w how
man i fold are t h e h omaeop at h i c relations bet ween the di sorders
produced by the A sarum and those wh i ch ar e cur e d by it The
following extract from P au ll i (Qu a d r ip ar t u mB ot a n i cam A r g e n
torati 1 6 6 7 p 23) is signicant
In super noto apud H i s
t or i w p l an t a r a m u n i ver sali s a u t or es t o m iii pp 5 5 0 6 haec
verba r eper i i subdit T r ag a s A s ar i fol ii s carpo admo t i s uti
mu l i er cu l as A r g e n t or at en se s ad febris ar d or em d epel l en du m
Th

'

56

F L OR A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

t amen

tota planta aro matica sit e t g u st u mor d ax quod

insignis c al i d at i s in dicium est C aet er u m cu m folia ad st r i n g en di
naturam h ab ean t c al or em ipsum febrilem sic ad mo t a ad inte

r i or em r e t r u d u n t
atque ita mor b u m ad an g en t
A n d Z orn
also says in his B ot an ol og i a M edi ca (Berlin 1 7 14 s
That
the pounded leaves placed upon the p u l se will remove the
fever ; but we also know by manif old experience that Asarum

will produce ebu l lition o f the blood and feverish excitement

DES C R I P T I O N The As arabacca is a perenn i al plant ; ow er
ing in M ay and J une ; with a short si mple stem round and
pubescent fr om w h i ch come t w o k idney shap e d leaves o f a
glossy green colour and fro m the axils o f t h e t w o leaves springs
a solit ary drooping ower upon a short footstalk o f a
greenish colou r str e aked and tipped with chocolat e outside
and purplish brow n within The leave s darken as they fade
and emit a peculiar pungent odour
There are t w o species besides the A s E urop aeum vi z : 1
2 A s Virgin i cum
A s C anadensi s Cana di an Asarabacca
sweet scented Asarabacca ; a native o f Virginia and Carolina
in N orth America ; China and J apan
G E O G R A P H I C A L D I S T R I BU TI O N A nativ e o f most parts o f
E urope ; found in the mountainous woods in all climates in
P ont us P hrygia Illyria Italy and in many parts o f the nor t h
P oland F rance both in P rovence and i n t h e
o f G er many
neighbourhood of P aris It is indigenous in th i s country
I n dark moun t ainous woods in the most shady
L oC A L I T I E s
places ; rare found in the mountainous woods in Y orkshire L an
C u mberland W estmoreland and N ort humberland
c ash i r e
rather plentifu l in t h e neighbo u rhood o f Halifax Y orksh i re ;
and h as occasionally been found be t ween Henley and M aiden
h e ad i n B erksh i re In S cotland it was found by M iss L is t on
at W es t Binn y ne ar L inlithgow
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D I C I NE A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e L eaves and R oo t
The expre ss e d j uice o f t h e whole
cu

S A RU M

E UR O P JE U M

57

plant mixed with equal parts o f alcohol and then at t enuat ed

to the 30t h dilu tion as directed under Aconite
This medicine was
M E D I C A L US E S (H O M O E O P A T H I C )
described by Hahne mann and others and the sympto ms r e
corded in the M a t er i a M ed i ca P a r a
The following are his
observations : I f any proo f were wanting t o Show the negli
gence with which the old school o f medicine h as attempted
t o st u dy the e ffec t s o f Simple medicinal substan ces i t wo u l d be
supplied by the labours o f Coste and W i l l emet w h o in their
chief w ork (E s sa i s sa r qu el qu es P l a n t es i n cl ig n es N ancy
hav e treated o f Asar u m W hat results have they obtained
!
N o t on e o f thos e re markable sy mp
m
fro m their exa ination
to ms hereafter enumerated excepting that a dose from t wenty
eight to forty grains caused vomiting ve or six times But o f
!
hat
nature
They say not a word They add that a port er
w
havin g taken forty eig ht grains o f Asarum experienced severe
colic wit h p u rgat ion and vo miting w hich was allayed by a
lavement of milk fr o m which they inferred that the root o f this
plant ac t s Similarly to ipecac u anha But did it produ ce no
other effects ! and was this all the benet to be expected fro m
it ! With what negl igence must the observations have be en
atter o f so much importance when they profess to
made in a m
h av e s e en nothing more ; t o have noticed no other e ffects ; to
have discovered no other cas es in which Asar u m might be more
benecial
N o Asar u m is n o t better adap t ed as an e metic t o take the
place o f ipecacuanha than many other su bstances which w hen
given in t o o powerful doses are also expelled by nat ur e by
means of violent vomiting such as arsen i c sulphate o f z inc,
sulphate o f O opper w hite hellebore etc
Then do all t hese s ubstances which when taken in excess
excite d angerous vo miting e xist to be used only as e metics !
How short sighted how contented w ith supercial notions and
therefore dangerous one s must on e be to admit such opinions h
,

'

'

FLO R A

58

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

Coste and W il l e met t h e same

reproaches ar e due to all o u r common observers
M a t at o
In their view almost al l medi
n omi n e d o t o fa ba l a n ar r a t u r
cinal s u bst ances pro duce no other e ffec t th an t o evacuate by
perspiration etc etc b e cau se they ar e alw ays preoccupied
w ith the idea o f re movin g morbid matter s w h i ch very seldo m
exist but which they fancy co u l d not be cured otherwise
By conn ecting what Coste and W il l emet hav e stated with
regard t o the porter (an in signicant fact because t h e u n fo r
t u n at e man did n o t die on the spot) with what we n d written
subsequently it se ems highly probable that in dos es large
eno u g h to produce that upward evacuat ion wh i ch t h e partisans
in
o f saburres are s o fond o f the root o f A sarum places men
manife st danger o f dying and so me t imes really kills t he m as
W edel has se en Th at is t r u l y an admirable method that can
o nly exp el these suppo s ed saburres fro m the sto mach by endan
Are we permitted to act s o
geri n g t h e life o f t h e patient
barbarous a part to w ards o u r sick brethren ! N o the S ove
reign P r e server o f li fe h as bestowed th i s plant with a far nobl er
design T o put a stop t o natural and morbid vo miting acc om
p an i ed by i mp ortant sympto ms analogous to those i t produces
by mean s o f the minutest dose o f the t inctur e highly diluted ;
su ch is the true u se t o be made o f this root a use di ametrically
o pposed t o i t s misch ievou s ab u se by those w h o reco mmend it
in a large dose as an eme tic
But its sympto ms Show al s o what other ho moeopat hic r e
s ources are to be f o u nd in Asarum
It is enough t o hint them
to t h e physician capable o f refl ection without naming ex
pressly the diseases that may be cured by their aid
The homoeopath i c physician w h o acts exactly cont rary to
what the co mmon school has hitherto done knows how to t ake
advan t age o f this powerful gift and never abuses it t o excite
those Shocks , those pernicious changes in t h e human frame
It is o u r d u ty also t o spare the do mes t ic ani mals those cru el
potions called horse medicine s

W hat I say appl ies not on ly

to

S A RU M

E U R O P JE UM

59

The Creator h as ordained that w e should lear n t o he al severe

diseases by minute and there fore safe doses o f those valuable
re medies that call o u t symptoms analogous to their ow n
He
has not given medicines in abundance that we should use the m
lavishly to the i nj ury of our specie s as in ordinary all opathic
treatment These subst ance s are intended by N ature fo r other
purposes w ith w hich w e are not y et acquainted and for which
they have been creat ed in such large quantit ies N at ure does
nothing with o n e mere view and each of its production s has
more than on e mode o f u sefu l ness Al t hough we e mploy the m
under the name of medicines there is n o reason because t h e
ear t h yields the m abundantly that w e should administer th em
in large dose s F o r ins t ance arsenic certainly answers oth er
i mportant ends in the econo my o f N atu re Since out of many
hundred quintal s supplied by the mines o f S axony alo n e a
mos t insignicant portion i s required as medicin e i f we would
use it t o a good purpose O n e drop or rather a very small
part o f a drop of the qu adrillionth o f a gr ain o f t h e tinc t ure or
the quint il lionth dil u tion o f the mixture o f the fresh j uice with
equal part s o f alcohol appears to be t h e best dose for use in

homoeopathy
Accor di ng to N oack and Trinks (H an d bu ch
H am A r z n ei
Asarum is especially suitable to chilly individual s and to
literary men ; also in cases o f great irrit ability o f the nervous
system and after operations on the eye w hen the patient suffers
fromd arting pains Helminthia sis when ascarides are present
Intermittent fever s acco mpanied with par t ial chilli ness and
partial h eat o f single parts with external heat and i n t ern al
chilliness or with alternat e heat and chill s M egrim P eriodical
heada che O phthalmia Amblyopia Amauro sis E xce ssive
vo mitin g Colic and vo mitin g
A N T I DO T E s
Vinegar Camphor has the power also t o calm
any inj urious effect s o f A sarum either when given in large
o r in minu t e do s e s
,

IX

BE L L A D O NN A

AT R O P A

C ommon D wa l e D ea dly N i q t s a de

S YN O N YIl S B
.

S o l l et h al e, G er E
.

kim, 11 w

c er o s, B a u

S ol

so

L in

B ll
n ag

ik

2 6 0,

h t sch

GE N

de

a b.

at

Su

In

at

C l u s H i st
.

i acu m ; S ol f u r i o su m, O l zmi
.

er

S cop

S ol l et h al e, G er ar d e
.

sal eb

Per s

Du t

Da n

I t al

B ll
e

a/r n

A t r opa

S ol H

B ll

or

ad on n a,

Sp am

ad on n a

N at sk ad e

P EN T A N D R

u ss .

H in d
IA,

B esi edr aag en d d oo dk r u i t

R or b ah t u r b u c

E ZE

d P

or

D o o dcl y k e

K r asavi t sa, O du r

Su g

un

g g or

O N O GYNI A

or o l l a c am an u l at e, t wi c e t h e l en
C
e , par ti t e

v
p
y
gth
S t amen s di st i n ct
B er r y o f t w o c ell s
l ob es equ al
al

of cal y x ; t h e
L ea v es ov at e
S t em h er b ac eou s
S P E C C HA R
o n sh or t pe du n cl es s ol i t ar y
axil l ar y
.

lv
at i cu m, Gesn

sy

ad on e

s ch e .

W ar g h ar

ed .

b as

an

S0 1 mel an o
pp 8 6 , 1 6 6
L abel
B u ck H i st S cot
ell t r i ch o t oma,

t h i ol as

B ll

O r d er , S O L A N

HA R

T ol lk ir

Ar

Ger m

S ol

mm

et c

O E G N ME S F
R

r od r

S ol an

34 6 ;

mn i fer u m

Sol mag u s, M

d on

us

Sp Pl an t

T r ay

en se ,

Sy

34 0 5 Par k

A t r opa l et h al i s, S a l i s b P
t

R ni

el l ad on n a,

'

u n

di vi

dd
e

Fl ower

H I S T O R Y L ik e most o f the medicinal substance s known to

the an 01 ent physicians the early h i st ory o f Bell adonna i s
in volved in uncert ainty D o d on ae u s supposed that this plant
is synony mous with the M andragora described by Th e ophrastus
Dio scorides also (lib vii cap
under the n ame S olanum
Horten se describes a plan t which both in its botanical as well
as me dicinal charact er is very similar t o the A tropa
The
seed is round at rst green then turning black and is pe cu
.

F ig

per i car p

Th

c or ol l a

an

men s

st a

C al y x

an

d pi st il

Sect i on

of

th

T R O P A B E LL A DO NN A

61

e f cacious in erysipelas herpes parotitis and d isperses

swellings o f the glands etc etc

P liny (N a t I I i s t lib xxi H ol l an d s T r a n s ) also describes a
S olan u m which hath leaves like to basil ; fo r certes this h e ar b e
is so dangerous that a v ery little o f the j u ice ther eo f is eno u gh
to trouble a man s brain and put h i m besides his right

wit s
The G reeks knew o f three varieties o f N ightshade The
G arden w hich they dee med innocent ; the S omnifero u s which
caused sleep ; and the F u rious which caused madness and
death ; b u t none o f them precisely agree with our Atropa
M at t h i ol u s however see ms t o have co nsidered that At ropa
Belladonna was u nkn o w n to the G reek physicians
P er eira
mentions that the earliest undoubted notice o f Belladonna
occu rs in the work o f Trag us A D 1 5 32 w h o calls it S olanum
Hortense n igr u m J oannes B o d mu s says it is the same as the
S olanum man i acu m o f D ioscorides A mo n g the Arabians the
j u ice o f the re cent leaves was applied in b u rns in that
disease co mmon to t he m called B u h e P au l u s JE g i n e t a men
tions that an over dos e w ill produce madness and death
K linger trie d many experiments w ith it and gave it at the
time o f Alberti in cancer
Bergiu s E vers and Greding used the re medy partic u l arly
in obstinate j au ndice fro m in farction o f the liver ; in epilepsy
chorea and other convu lsive dis or de r s as w ell as in palsy ; in
mania a n d in hydrophobia B u ckh av e instituted a variety o f
experiments in diseases o f the class neu roses p ar t l c u l ar l y in tussis
convulsiva He e mployed the root only and notes as follo w s :
That adults had d r ynes s o f the fau ces and nose fo r three or
four ho u rs Impeded degl u tition indistinct artic u lation and
that acids held only in the mouth were s u fcient to remove
these u npleasant sensations ; that all kind s o f drinks w ere use
less ; the pulse ful l and quick vertigo congestion o f the
v essels
o f the
head u sh i n g s du lness o f the eyes dr u n
k en n e ss dilated p u pils etc
were the consequences
But
l i ar l y

FL OR A

62

H O M CE O P A T I I I C A
-

that children had but few o f these sy mptoms and they were
always more slight showin g the eff ect o n l y by increased heat

and swelling o f the cheeks

Y et he says : I f the child be
over dosed u nco mmon loqu acity staring of the eyes similar to
that o f epileptics deep sleep wi th pro fuse perspi r ation wou l d
take place ; and the patient wo u ld then awake qu i t e free fro m

the above mentioned sympto ms

The D anes were accusto med to employ the berries mixed
with wine o r beer in dysentery and gout
L i mb er g e r w h o w as the cause o f Belladonna being rs t used
in this country applied it in cancer He tried it on himself in
prop o rtion o f a scruple o f the leaves or root t o ten cups o f
water i n fu sed fo r a night taking a c u pful for a dose It pro
duced sligh t vertigo and unusual thirst with increased arterial
action
C u l l en Graham and M ii n ch e mployed i t in cancerous affec
tions M ii n ch advises it in melancholia epilepsy and mania
and effected many c u res He says however
that even small

doses have produ ced mania where none existed

M ii n ch R itcher M ay er n e Buchol z and N ei me ch e hav e all
w itnessed the good effects o f the Bell adonn a in rabies canina ;
in patients when they have beco me morose vitiated in their
minds shud d ered at food and drink exce ssively convulsed
and yet they have been success ful enough to have witnessed
them recovered after a Short ti me to perfect health
C u llen mentions a case o f a person using the infusion o f
Belladonna at a distance and without communicating with h i m
in cancer o f the lip an d that dryness and stricture o f the
oesophagus came o n
and he suddenly died by a very copio u s
throwing u p o f blood
In hydrophobia the old physicians used it with great success
It w ould be well i f its application in s u ch cases were renewed
o r at least minutely investigated
A G erman j ournal stat es t hat
in a case o f hy d rophobia w hen the fe male patient was unable
to Swallow it was determined t o inj ect Belladonna into the
,

ATR

OPA

BE L L A D

ON N A

63

eins ; the inj ection acted pro mptly and the patient fell into a
stupor the convulsions an xiety and oppression entirely ceasing
Sh e began to be able to sw al low liquids though with diffi culty ;
so me Slight hopes o f recovery w ere entertain ed b u t the sy mp
to ms soon became severe and ter minated in death (B l a cket t on
E j ec t of A t r op a p
M r G re en o f W enlock in S hropshire often found in u sing
Belladonna as an e mbrocation that he was obliged t o discontinue
it from its producing vertigo and great irritation o f the nervous
system
Van S wi et en relat e s a case w here a lady applied a Belladonna
leaf t o an u lcer beneath the eye s u spected to be cancerous In
a fe w hours the pupil w as dil ated even when exposed to a strong
light The nightshade was removed and the vision returned
The experiment was repeated several times and R ay was a
wi t ness to it
Belladonna has been employed to allay pain and nervous
irritation as in neuralgia prosopalgia and tic do u lo u reux A S
an antispasmo di c t o rel ieve rigidity and spasmodic contraction
A s a topical remedy in a case of angina
o f mu s cular bres
pectori s unconnected wit h organ ic disease the application o f
Belladon n a plast er t o the chest (b efore the ulceration caused by
t artar e metic had heale d ) produced alarming poisono u s symptoms
w h i ch when s u bsided the sympto ms o f angina had quite d i s
appeared (D avi es L ect u r e on D i sea s es of L u n g s a n d H ear t )
In hooping cough w ith great relief In maladies o f the eyes
dilatation of pupil iritis and other inammatory diseases of that
organ and t o diminish the morbid sensib ility o f this organ to
the in u ence o f light A S a r esolvent and discutient in enl arge
ment o f the lymphatic glands scirrhu s and cancer
The Atropa Belladonna is a perennial plant ;
D ES C R I P TI O N
owering in J u ne
The r oot is branched and spreading ; a
eshy p u lpy and j uicy white w hen fresh internally greyish
when dry ; o f a mawkish Slightly bitter taste and faint peculiar
odour The whole plant i s fetid when bruised o f a dark and
v

FLO R A

64

H O M GEO P A T H I C A

lurid aspec t indicat ive of its dea dl y narcotic quality The s t em

is herbaceo u s upright round so mew hat hairy and reddish
three feet high The l eaves w hich it is particu l arly i mportant
to disting u ish acc u rately ar e so metimes altern ate more c om
mo u ly i n pairs in w hich case o n e leaf o f each pair is fo r the
most part less than the other They are ovate and acumi nated
between fo u r and six inches long or even larger thin and soft
entire o n the edge without any hair except on the n er ves 6e
l i i n d and s u pported o n a short leaf stalk ; and when dry they
have a brownish green o r grey ish g r een colour ; scarcely any
odour ; o f a faint bitterish t aste The ower s are nearly an inch
in length solitary axil lary bell shaped greenish tow ards the
ow er stalk externally dingy purple towards the r i m and inter
nally The fr u i t is a dark black shining berry resting o n a
w idely extended calyx roundish but attened appearance and
siz e o f a black cherry ; bilocular and cont aining many kidney
Shaped seeds in a mucilaginous mawkish rather swe et but not
pleasantly tasted pulp
The leaves have been so metimes confo u nded with t hose o f
the S olanum D u lcamara and S olanum nigru m
Those o f the D u l camara are considerably s maller are sup
ported on a leaf stalk o ften half as long nearly as t he mselves
an d generally present a pair o f s mal l pinn ae at a short distance
fro m their base
Those o f the S olanum nigr u m are small n o t acuminated and
their edges coarsely s errated
The name is derived from Atropos one o f the F ates and
Belladonn a becau se it w as employed by L eu c o t a a famous
poisoner o f Italy to destroy the beau tifu l women
The foll ow ing are the different species
l A t r op a B el l a d on n a as described above
2 A t r op a M an d r ag or a or M a n d r a ke
A native of the south
o f E urope
S te mless
scapes o n e o w er e d root perennial
large and tapering three or four feet long ; externally brown
internally whitish ; fro m the crown of the root arise a circle
.

T R O P A B E LLA DO NN A

65

leav es and fro m amongs t these are t hre e or four slender

scapes each supporting a single ower o f an herbaceous white
colo u r ; the fruit is a globular s o ft berry o f a yellow ish colour
about the siz e o f a nutmeg
It was the s u bj ec t o f mo st
ridiculous s u perstitions fro m the supposed likeness of the root
to the human for m ; it was certain death to dig it up
3 A t r op a P l ay s a l oi d es
P eruvian D ea dl y N ightshade
The
ower bell Shaped slightly ; v e lobed and blue with a white
edge having blue spots Berry the si z e o f a cherry with n e
sharp angle s
o

A native o f the Cape o f G ood Hope

S ix feet high ; peduncles axillary ; on e o w er e d
5 A t r op a a r bor escen s
Tree Atropa A native o f South
Amer i ca and J amaica A s mall t ree or shrub ; leaves alternat e
and tufted towards t h e end of the branches ; o w ers white
This species is o ften tetrandrous
fragrant and nodding
6 A t r op a f r u t es cen s
A native o f S pain Si x o r eight feet
high ; leaves alternate ro u ndish owers co me o u t between the
leaves on short ped u ncle s rese mbling those o f the Belladonna
b u t much s maller and o f a dirty yellow colo u r
Two feet high ; owers white N at ive
7 A t r op a h er ba cea
o f Campeachy
Wheel o w er e d Atropa A native
8 A t r Op a p r ocu mben s
Coroll a herbaceous ; yellow wheel shaped which
o f M exico
suffi ciently distinguishes it fro m all its compeers
GE O G R A P H I C A L D I S T R I BU TI O N Atropa Belladonna i s a
native o f nearly the whole o f E urope more especially i n the
south It is indigenous in G reat Britain
L O C A LI TI ES I n waste grounds more particularly o n a cal
In thi s co u ntry it may be found I n
c ar e o u s s oil ; not co mmon
W h i ch w o o d F orest near W itney ; between N ettlebed and
Hen l ey O xon ; W oo d stock P ar k near the M onument ; Tile
h u rst Co mmon and E n g l e el d B erks near the r u ins o f D u dley
Castle W orcestershire ; Cottenham T r i pl o w F u lbou rn and
VVi sb each
Cambridgeshire ; roadside near P eterborough
4

A t r opa S ol a n

a ce

FL O R A

66

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

at K ing scliff N orthamptonshire F urness

Abbey among t h e ruins w hich is call ed Vale o f N ightshade ;
C u x st on e near R ochester K ent ; R eigate S urrey ; about B ox
hill near Dorking S urrey o n I n ch c ol m and near the ruins o f
Borthw ick Castle S cotland
w ithout Highgate near unt o a
G er ar d e found it growi ng

R ay me n tion s it as gro wing

pond or p enfold on the le ft hand
in a ditch at t h e end o f C oswell street on t h e road to Isling ton
and in the An nual R egister of 1 7 62 there is an account o f the
death o f t w o p ersons by this plant with the following cau t ion
by Dr H ill : This plant i s now a quar t er of a yard hi gh and
h as an aspect so inviting t hat o n e almost wonders h o w N ature
gave to i t a poison I t h as invited many t o boil i t and death
w as alway s in t h e pot
R ay ment ion s I t growing there ; it has
been thought los t in t hat place but I fear those un h appy

persons have found it

The speci men from which the drawing i s made w as found
n e ar R eigate in S urrey
F ro m i t s very poisonous charac t er i t sh ould never be cul
t i v at e d either fo r ornamental or me dicin al purpo s e s
wh ere
children o r ignorant per sons have access
PA R T S U SE D I N ME DI CI N E A N D M O D E OF P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e L e aves S t ern and F lowers
The leave s readily yield their
vir t ues t o alcohol In Quin s P h ar macop oei a H omwop at l i i ca it
i s ordered t o be prepar e d as follows : the expres s ed j uic e o f t h e
recen t ly gathered leave s and stem is to be mixed with equal par t s
o f spiri t s o f wine and after t wenty four ho u r s the liqu i d i s t o be
decanted clear and limpid O n e drop o f this is to be agitated
twice with ninety nine drops o f spirits o f wine and t h e sign (I )
inscribed ; afterward s attenuat e t o the t hirtie t h dil u tion It
should likewise be known that the ext rac t of B elladonna
i f kept fo r a length o f t ime beco mes che mically changed
deco mpo sition takes place a new co mbinat ion is formed and
a grea t er portion beco me s insoluble in wat er The leave s may
B l at h e w i c k

P ark ,

T RO P A B E LL A D O N N A

67

be preserved in her metically sealed glass j ar s for a con siderable

time without losing their virt u e
P O I S O N OUS E FF E C T S
The sympto ms prod u ced by taking an
over o r poisono u s dose are most interesting to all h ommopat h i s t s
It is o n e o f the most energetic o f the indigenous poisons
E very part o f the plant i s inj urious b u t w e are best acquainted
wi th the e ffect o f the berries
as fro m th eir temptin g and
luscious appearance they are o ften eaten by children and
ignorant people The usual e ffects are dryne ss o f the mouth
and heat attended with thirst I f the dose has been large
besides these there are di i c u l t y o f deglutition and articu l ation
feeling o f constriction ab out the throat ; nausea ; so metimes
vomi ting and at times swell i n g and rednes s o f the face ;
dil atation o f the pu pils ; obscurity o f vision or absolu te blind
nes s ; visual illusions ; suffused eyes ; Singin g in the ears ;
numbness o f the face ; confu sion of the head ; giddiness deli
r i u m si mul ati ng in toxication which ma
be
co
m
bined
with
or
y
foll o w ed by sopor and i f the dose has been very large com
pl e t e c O ma an d death
The b erry of t his plant is sup posed to be that w hich poi son ed
M arc An tony s troops in the P arthian war for being much
distressed for food they ate berries etc ; and P lu tarch gives
the followi ng d escription : Those who sought for herbs and
o t herbs and th ey f o u nd but few and t asting unknown herbs
p
He that
t hey foun d one wh i ch bro u ght on madness and death
had eaten it immediately lost al l memory and kno w ledge b u t
at the s ame ti me woul d busy h i mself in turning and moving
every s t one h e met wi th as i f he w ere upon so me very i m
por t ant pursuit The camp was fu ll o f un happy men bending
to the ground an d thu s digging up or re movi n g stones t ill at
last they were carried off by bilious vomi ting w hen wine the

on l y remedy w as not to be found

The
I t s poison ous prope r tie s were also known t o the S co t s
D an e s under S Wen o Wer e de feated by M acbeth and many
-

"

68

FLO R A

H O M GSO P A T H I C A

by the S cots sending bread to their ene mie s and a

mixture o f wi ne and ale poisoned by this plant during a truc e
(Vide R er S cot i c H i s t lib v i c ap vi )
Above 1 5 0 soldiers w ere poisoned by the berrie s of Bel
ladonn a w hich they gathered at P irna near Dresden A nd
O r l a (T oxi col G en er
3r d edit
t o m ii p 2 6 5 ) gives an
account o f the sympt o ms : dilatatio n and i mmobility o f t h e
p u pil ; insensibility al mos t co mplete o f the eye to the pre
sence o f external obj ects o r at least confused vis i on Inj ection
o f the conj u nctiva w ith bl u ish blood ;
protrusion o f the eye
w hich in so me appeared as i f it were d u l l and in other s ardent
and fu rious ; dryness o f the lips tongue palate and thr oat ;

di i cu l t deglutition o r total incapacity to swallow ; nausea

attende d w it h v omiting ; sense of w eakness ; lipothymia syn cope ;
frequent bending forward o f the tr u nk ; continual motion o f the
hands and ngers gay delirium w ith vacant s mil e aphon i a
M uller o f Vienna gives an interesting description o f ve
persons (one family) w h o had eaten o f the berries o f Belladonna
T w o of the children (boys ) h av mg eaten plentifull y had t h e
follo w ing sympto ms
They atte mpted to get from their beds
and were with difc u lty restrained ; continual motion o f their
hands and ngers and desire to lay hold o f the cove r lets or
other obj ects W ithin reach ; thrusting the ngers up the n os
t r il s ; acute delirium ; vision nearly gone b u t both patient s at
the same time fancied they saw a number o f obj ects ; great
dilatation and insensibility o f the p u pil ; eyeballs al ternately
xed and rolling ; spasmodic action of the muscles o f the face
grinding o f the teeth ; yaw ning etc voice hoar s e and weak ;
slight swelling o f t h e le ft side o f the throat and burning
sensation in the oesophagu s ; d eci d ed a ver s i on t o a l l l i qu i d s i n

d estroyed

bot h

an

d sp as mod i c

a t t a cks

wh

en ever

t h ey w er

fr

o ced

s w a l l ow

The followi ng cases are extrac t ed fro m O r l a (l c ) A child

o f fo u r year s o f age
o f a f eeble constitution
b u t o t her w ise
well ate at eleven o clock a quantity o f the berrie s o f Belladonna
.

to

T R O P A B E LLA DO NN A

The followin g sympto ms soon set in : want o f appe t ite nausea ;

vo mi t ing and sympto ms of drunkenness ; slight delirium and
i nexting u ishable thirst ; after w ards tumefaction and redness
o f the f ace and lips ;
elevation o f the eyelids ; dil atation o f
the pupil ; insensibility o f the eye t o light et c ; convulsive
contraction o f the j aw and muscles of the face and extre mities ;
delirium ; very feeble p u lse and irregular respiration
The
next day there was increase of conv u l sive move ments with
redness o f the face and great perspiration ; the pupil re mained
dilated ; there was great rigidity down the spine ; tumefaction
o f the abdo men w hich was very tender to the touch ; consti
and w eak pulse The next day these sympto ms con
p at i o n
tinn ed but in a less degree but he co mplained of great pain in
h i s teeth
O n the 3 1 st all the sympto ms had disappeared
It
see ms t hat aft er an e metic vinegar and honey had the best
ant i dotal e ff ect s
S ome ch i ldren ate in a garden some o f the fruit o f the Bel la
donna They soon suffered from violent fever accompanied by
conv u lsion s and strong palpitation o f the heart ; they lost con
s c i o u sn e ss
O n e died the next day
and were very deli rious
O n e o f the children ate four the o t her si x berries o f Bella
d onna an hour af t er both o f the m w ere so extravagant in their
manners that they astonished their mother Their pupils were
dilated ; their vision w as altered ; and a gay delirium ac c o m
with
ever
set
in
The
physician
w
h
o was called in
a
n
i
e
f
d
p
found the m in a state of great agitation ; tal k ing here and there ;
running ; leaping ; laughing s ardonic al ly with purple face and
rapid pulse After so me tartar emetic as an e metic and so me
Glau ber salts the berries were g o t rid o f and the symptoms
g radually disappeared
M appi (P l an t A l sa t p 36 ) say s that the win e o f Belladonn a
occasions a u niversal gangrene followed by death
It has also been obser ved that the berrie s o f the Belladonna have
been taken without producing any sensible effect v i z : two chil
d ren aft er dinner at e each t w o berries o f the Belladonna without
,

70

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

bein g i n co mmod e d Also an idiot o f t w enty year s swallowed

upwards o f thirty o f t h e berrie s and with the exception o f a
fe w slight sympto ms he was not affected ; but the se observa
tion s only prove th at a s mall quantity o f the poison did not
aff ect after a copious meal an d t hat an idiot whose nerv o us
system was but slightly i mpre s si onabl e w as not vi olently acted
u pon by this poison
I t appears th at the berrie s of Bell adon na po ssess a purely
narco t ic power while t h e leaves an d the roo t con tain mer e
acrid and exciting pr opertie s F ro m the effect o f t h e ber r i es on
the organs o f degl ut ition and fro m t h e si milarity o f the sy mp
t oms t o hydrophobia it wo u l d p erhaps be be t ter that a ho mmo
pathic pr epar a t ion be made sol ely fro mt h e ber r i es and tried in
this disease
E f ect
0 n an i ma l s g en er a l l y
Bell adonn aprove s poisonous
t o mammals and birds but much less so to herbivorous t han to
carnivorous animal s Gi ven t o dog s Belladonna causes dilata
tion o f the pupils ; plaintiv e C rie s e fforts to vo mit ; weakness
of the posterior ex t re mi t ie s ; St aggerin g ; frequent pulse ; a state
lik e intoxica t ion and death (C rh l a T oxi col G en er 3r d e di t
p
O n veg et abl es
A n aqu e o u s s olutio n o f extrac t o f Belladonna
is poi sonous t o plant s (M ar cet A n n
et P h y s i ol )
M E D I CA L US E S (H O M O E O P A T H I C ) I t has been truly ob s erved
by H ahne mann that Belladonna corres ponds wit h a number o f
the morbid conditions o ft en met with in the human frame and
t hat consequently ther e is fr equ ent oc ca sion to administer it
homoeopathically
What re medy may not prove most pre
j udici al i n the hands o f ignorant people ! Certain l y every
active medicin e may beco me so i f given inj udiciously and in t oo
large doses ; b u t then i t is only prej udicial through t h e fau lt
O n the other hand t h e
o f h i m who calls himsel f a physician
mo st powerful and violent medicines beco me as mild as t hey
are benecial by proper at t enuat io n ev en when taken by the
mo st fe eble and s en sit i ve p er sons while diminishing t h e doses
.

TR OPA

BE L L A DO N N A

71

as far as po ssible ; they are given only in ca se s where the

disease is co mpo sed o f Sympto ms strictly analogous to those
they excite i n a healthy subj ect
Guided by numerous trials made up on sick persons I am at
length resolved to use only the decil lionth dil u tion of which I
nd the s malle st part o f a drop suf cient to include all the
indications that can apply to this medicine
In this dose (when it is ho moeopathic) Belladonna cure s t h e
most vi olent maladies its action being exerted with a rapidity

that har moni z e s with the nature o f the disease

Bel ladonna has beco me re markable in ho moeopathic t h er apeu
tic s as a PR O P H YLA C TI C I N S C A R L E T F E V E R
The foll o w ing are
H ah n e man n s re marks o n this subj ect
T h e property I have
discover e d in Belladonna given in a s mall dose every six o r
seven day s o f being a preservativ e against scarlatin a as
S ydenham P l en ci z and others have described w as for nine
teen years brought int o contempt by physicians who igno r ant
that t hi s diseas e belongs only to children have confounded it
with the p u rp l e mi l i a r y introduced from Belgiu m in 1 801 an d
have appl ied t o the latter my method w hich o f course fail ed
I rej oice however that o f lat e year s other physicians have dis
t i n g u i sh e d t h e ancien t and t rue scarlat ina
est ablishing the
pre servative property o f Belladonna in that dise ase and have

thus rendered j u stice t o my labours so long misunderstood

The following are t h e practical observat ion s o f Dr F leisch
mann descr ibed in H uf el an d s Jou r n al J un e and J u l y
1 8 35 on the preservative effec t o f Belladonna again st scar
latina :
S ome ex periment s with this medicine were made on ft y t w o
ch il dren during an epidemy of scarlatina and though not o n a
deserve to be
s uffi ci ently e xtensive scale to have much weight
added t o the nu mber o f tho se institut ed fo r a similar purpose
The extract of Belladonna two grains to an ounc e o f dis
tilled water was administered t o ft y t w o children fro m six
mont hs t o four t een ye ars o f age ; the remedy w as administ ered
.

'

72

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ac cording t o t h e formula for ve weeks the duration o f the

epidemic O f the ft y two forty eight remained free fr om the
attack and four were affected In t w o families w here the
chil d ren commen ced taking the re medy imme di ately o n t h e
disease attacking o n e of the family all the C hildren remained
free fro m contagion although in constan t communication with
the affected person
In s everal cases (t wenty three ) the author re marked sy mp
to ms of the action o f Belladonna a few days after its use such
as di sturbed nights slight inammat ion about t h e thr oat s ali
vation thir st torpor dilated pu pils pain in the head vomiting ;
and o n e girl six years ol d was sei z ed o n the tenth day after
the rst dose with fever pain in the throat restlessness and
delirium ; O n the foll owi ng day the w hole of the body except
the face became red and was covered with miliary vesicles
This continued two days and the n disappeared
A boy four year s o f age who had taken Belladonna for
three weeks became very uneasy and disturbed on the 5 t h o f
M arch ; on the 6 t h th i s h ad passed o ff; on the 9 t h t h e child
enj oying perfect health was covered on all parts of the body
except the face with a red eruption which remain ed till the
1 1 t h ; on the 1 2 th i t di min i shed ; and had completely di s
appeared on the 1 3th
A child eigh t e en month s ol d who had t aken Belladonna
si x days
was sei z ed with di fcu l t deglutition slight tumour o f
t h e cervic al glands salivation f ever with excessive thirst and
general redness of the skin The eruption was much diminish e d
o n the second day
and the child was w ell on the fth
F rom the above mentioned exp e r l me n t s the author concludes
1 That Belladonna see ms t o have an inuence in counter
act ing the contagiousness o f scarlatina
2 That in so me cases it diminishes the susceptibility for the
contraction o f the di sease though it does not altogether r e
move it
3 T h a t when the diseas e do es occur during t h e use o f Bel
'

TR O P A B E LL A D O N N A

73

ladonna its charac t er i s much more mil d t han i n ordinary

cases
The follo w ing is from the E d i n bu r g h P h i l osoph i cal J ou r n a l
a n d M on t h l
ch i ves o
A
r
8
29
1
In
s
carlatina
M
e
d
i
ca
l
S
c
i
en
c
e
y
f
raged both among our troop s and the inhabitants o f the towns
and village s where we were quar t ered The Grand Viz ier
who had expended much time and money o n t h e discipline o f
this his favourite c orp s d a r mec gladly accepted the proposal o f
Dr O ppenhei m to t r y the effects o f Belladonna A S the troops
were generall y very young men and totally unaccustomed to
narcotics the dose he gave w as co mparatively small : thirty six
grains o f the extract o f Belladonna were mixed u p with on e
pound o f liquorice and ten grains o f this were giv en morning
and evening t o each soldier The success o f the experiment
far exceeded his most sang u ine expectations for not more than
tw elve men out o f
sickened after thi s plan was adopted ;
o f t hese t welve six died
; and it is to b e remarked that the dis
ease con t inued u n a ba t ed among the inhabitants where the
soldiers were qu artered after it had ceased amo n g the latt er

although they lived in the same house

In the L on d on M ed i ca l G az et t e J u ly 1 8 2 9 t h e fol lowing lett er
f ro mM essrs J ander and W ill iams o f Bro ml ey K en t conc erning
Belladonna as a preservative o f scarlatina addressed t o the editor
is partic u l arly interesting
During the months o f April and
M ay S carlet fever was very prevalent in this t own an d neigh
b ou r h o o d and in many cases i t proved fatal O u r attention w as
called by a friend to a notice in the L an cet o f M ay
On th e
prophylactic powers o f Belladonna against Scarlet fever by M
Hufeland
W e were at tha t time attending in a boarding
school where the disease had at tacked twelve o f the boys many
There
o f whom had been most dangero u sly ill but none died
still remained several boys perhaps twenty w h o had not taken
the infection ; al so four young children o f the mas t er s and
s everal servants
We immediately co mmenced the use o f the
Belladonna in the exac t manner and do ses advi sed by Hufe
,

FL O R A

74

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

six o r Seven per sons i n the house took t h e disease

aft er w ar d s and in e v ery instance it assumed the mildest for m
In another s mall school w e w ere called t o visit a child about t w o
years old w h o had been attacked the evening before ; the dis
ease was of t h e mo s t malign an t character and the child died on
The house
t h e following mo r n i n g the third day o f the at tack
The r e w ere i n it th ree other children and
i s a v ery s mall o n e
The Belladonna was faith
fiv e boarders an d a servant girl
fu lly ad ministered an d not on e indiv id u al took the disease
W e w il l n ot o ff er any conj ectu re o n the modu s op er an di o f
t h e B el l ado n n a or wh ethe r it did o r did not prevent the other
members of th es e famili e s fro m taking the disease The facts
are state d exactly as t hey occurred and we entreat o u r medic al
brethren to make tr ial o f B ellado n n a whenever a favourable
oppor tun i ty off e r s T h e following was the manner o f giving
t h e med i ci n e three gr ain s o f the extract o f Bell adonna dissolved
i n t hr e e ou n ce s o f proo f Spirit o f this solution as many drops

ar e t o be take n as t h e pat i ent i s years old

T h e M ed i ca l G az et t e th en goes o n : As o u r readers may not
be fu lly aw are o f the circumstances alluded to in t h e above
paper we su bj oin so me observations o n t his subj ect made by
P ro fessor K o r e ff in a lett er to t h e late M L aennec published
in the B u l l et i n d es S ci en c es M d i cal es
O bs erva t ion clearly
proves say s h e
t hat t h e B el l adonna tak en for so me time
either in powder or in ext rac t produces especially in infants
a redness o f the ski n which i s sometimes transient b u t at others
more durable ; dryn ess o f the mo u th w ith a sense o f heat i n
the throat ; dilatat ion of t h e pupil ; anxiety ; occasional Swelling
o f the sub maxillary gland s ; sympto ms having a great res em
blance t o those which a c co mpany the er u ption of scarlatina
The e ffect o f the Belladonna has also this in co mmon wi th
scarl atina t hat neith er o f the m produce the redness of t h e ski n
invariably whilst the symp t o ms about t h e throat are always
present I confess t o you how ever t hat al l thes e analogies did
not appear t o me suf ciently str ong t o persuade me t hat in this
l and

On ly

TR O P A

BE

LL A D O N N A

75

plant was really to be fo u nd a preservative of scarlatina similar

to that which the cowpock affords ag ainst variola It was not
till I had received the au thority o f the c elebrat ed S oe mmering
who informed me that he had obtained the most satisfactory
res u l ts w ith it w hen the disease raged epide mically that I
determined to e mploy it Thi s mal ady a cco mpanied by the
most u nfavo u rable sympto ms and having ent irely changed its
usual character w as at that ti me produ cing ravages al most as
fatal as contagious typh u s
I then for the rs t ti me had the
happiness to protect from this drea dfu l cont agion almost all
those w h o took the Belladonna with a little p ers ever an ce (and
o f these there w er e ma n
y t h ou san d s) ; S ince that t i me I have
never lost sight o f t h e discovery which bec omes t h e more valu
able as the scarlatina h as increased during t h e l as t thirty years
both in vi olence and extent in many co u n tries an d I ha ve
always found the same effects in differen t climat es and in epi
M any other physici an s h av e
d emi c s o f opposite characters
equally conrmed the preventive power s o f this plant ; an d t h e
G erman j ournals are daily lled with proofs of a benet which
with respect to so me countries e qual s that o f vaccination In
F rance the capital and provinces o f which appear less subj ect
to these fatal epidemics than G ermany S witz erland t h e Tyr ol
P oland an d the north in general less attention h as been g i v en
t o this discovery and it h as been rej ected it mu s t b e sai d t oo
lightly and w itho u t s u fficient examination as may b e see n i n the
article B elladonna in the D i et d es S ci en ces M ed i cal es I on l y
reme mber a single observation o n this importan t subj ect by
D r M eglin who gives an account o f a trial w hich he gav e t o
this preservativ e during an epide mic of scarlatin a at Colmar
and which conrms all the assertions of the G erman ph ysici an s
The absence o f present danger is perhaps t h e cause o f this
indifference t ow ards a discovery which i mportant in i t sel f
might also be fr u itfu l in res u lts applicable to oth er diseas e s
At present however I shall conne myself to an acco u n t of the
results which have been ascertained (by repeated ob servat i on s
,

'

76

F L OR A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

and by a gr eat number o f indi vidu als placed in very different

circ u mstances) without incu rring t h e reproach of having pro
7
c e e d e d in a manner n o t s u f ciently vigorous
The po w der mixed w ith sugar o r the extract made very
care fu lly fro m the j uice o f t h e recent plant are employed after
the foll o w ing manner : E xtract o f Bel ladon na three grains
dissolved in an Ounce o f cinnamon water powder or root o f
Belladonna mixed w ith drachms si cj o f wh i te sugar divided
into Sixty doses F ro m h al f a dose to a whole on e is given to a
c h i ld fro m six months to two years ol d four ti mes a day ; to
fro m a dose to o n e and a
c hil dren fro m three to six years old
half ; t o t hose from six to nine t w o to t w o and a h al f ; to thos e
from ten to twelve three to four and a half ; o f the solution a
drop is giv en for every year o f the child s age once a day
f asting
O bservation has shown that when the epide mic is very
fatal o r the interco u rse wi th the patien t s very frequent and
intimate it is prudent to increase the do se a little It has n o t
yet been possible to determine the length o f time which is n e c e s
sary t o eradicate by thi s re medy the susceptibi lity o f contagion
E v erything leads us to believe that the re medy if used du ring
a ti me too short t o ward o ff contagion moderates very much
the malignity o f the dis ease W e know for certain that the
remedy does n o t permanently overco me the dispositio n to
s carlatina and i t is nece s sary to resume its use o n e v ery occur
rence o f the epide mic W e have always Observed that the
mos t intimate communication with the Sick does n o t produce
the disease provided the medicine has been e mployed eight or
nine times previous t o being exposed to the contagion and
continu ed u p to the period o f desquamation a circumst ance
very important to nurses
It appears more certain to begin with rather strong doses in
order t o gu ard against the rst impression o f the contagion and
to diminish the quantity after a fe w day s N o sensible effec t
has been obser ved to follow t h e continued use o f thi s s mall
quantity o f Belladonna Up to t h e presen t ti me neither season
,

ATR

O P A B E LL A DO NN A

77

nor locality nor any other circums t ance has appeared t o di

minish the preservative e ffect o f t his plant
Do not believe my learned colleague that th ese resul ts
have been t o o lightly dedu ced or fro m a s mal l number o f
I t i s fr om
individu als o r fro m epide mics o f little violence
en t i r e
n ces fro m cities affected w ith this terrible scourge
r
ov
i
p
fro m epide mics the most fatal in all seasons and in localities
the most d i v er si e don in di vidu als o f every age and o f every
condition that obser v ations have been made with the greatest
accuracy and have led to t h e above res u lts
(L on d on M edi c a l
G a z et t e vol iv p
The following are the r emark s fro m the L an cet which drew
a t tention in the letter quo t ed above
,

On

th

h
p y l act i c P ow er s

B el l a d on

ai n st

S ca r l et

g
f
By C W Hufeland The author has been led both by
F ever
his own experience and that of a great many other practitioners
to for m s u ch a favo u rable O pinion with respect t o t h e powers o f
this medicine that he is convinced that in epide mics of scarlet
fever it o u gh t universally t o be resorted to as the best means o f
preventing the disease altoge t her o r mitigating i t s violence
The fol lowing are his general conclu sions
1 The proper use o f Belladonna has in most cases pre
vented infection even i h those instances w here by the continual
intercour se with patients labo u ring u n d er scarlet fever t h e
predispo sition tow ard s it was greatly increased
2 N u me r o u s observations have Sho w n that by the general
i cs o f scarlet fever h ave actu ally b een
u s e o f Belladonna epide m
arrested
3 In those fe w instances where the use o f B elladonna w as
ins u fcient to prevent infection the disease has been inv ari ably
slight
4 There are exceptions to the above three poi nts b u t
their number is extremely small
It seems that in some epidemics Belladonna has no pr otective
power s at all ; the individual disposition the method of u smg
.

r o

n a

78

FLO R A

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

the re medy and the qu alit y o f it wi ll o f co u rse have c onsider

able inu ence on the res u lt o f the experi ment T hree gr ains o f
extract wh i ch mu st have been r ecen t l y prepared are d issolved in
th r ee o u nces of dilu te alcohol o f this solu tion the in di vidu al
takes twice a day as many dr ops as he is years old ; its u se mu st
be continu ed as long as contagion is possible The dose i t
appears is so very s mall that even i f it sho u ld fai l i n its effects
it will at all event s not be inj u rio u
In consequ ence o f H u f el an d s co mmu n ication on the above
s u bj ect the P ru ssi an G overnment has iss u ed an o fcial decree
or dering the general u s e of B ell adonn a as a prophylactic in all

instances when scarlet fever prevails as an epide mic

(L i t er
A n n d er G es B ed /9 extracted fr o m L a n cet v ol ii p 1 35
,

1 8 38

The following acco u nt o f H ah n eman n s discovery of the

prophylac t ic effect of B elladonn a in scarlet fever wil l be read

wi th interest !
I shall now relate the mo de in which I made the disc overy
o f this specic preservative re medy
T h e mother o f a large family at the commence ment o f
J u ly 1 7 9 9 when the scarlet fever was most prevalent and fatal
h ad g o t a new cou nterp ane made u p by a se mpstress who
m
m
m
with
t
the
knowledge
the
f
or
er
had
in
her
s
all
cha
ber
o
f
u
o
)
(
a boy j u st recovering fro m scarlet fever The r st menti o ned
W o man on receivin g it examined and s melt it to ascertain whe
ther it might requ ire airin g b u t as she co u ld detect no smell she
pl aced it beside her on a so fa on w hich so me ho u rs later she laid
down t o sleep In this way a l on e she imbibed t his miasm A
week su bsequ entl y she was s u ddenly att acked with qu in sy
and its characteristic shooting p ains in the throat which was
s u bdu ed after fo u r days S everal days aft er w ards her d au g h
ter ten years of age w as attacked in the evening by severe
pressive pain in the abdo me n itching o f the head and b o dy

3"

an

Fr om H ah n eman n
,

1 851

L esser

Wr i t i n g s

T r an sl at e

by Dr D u g eon
.

H ea

TR OPA

BE L L A D O N N A

79

rigor over the he ad and arms an d paralytic stiffness of the

j oints H er sleep w as restless d u ring the night with frightfu l
dreams and general perspiration excepting the head I fo u nd
her i n the morning with pressive he a dache dimness o f vision
slimy tong u e so me ptyalis m the s u b maxillary glands hard
swollen and painfu l t o the to u ch and sh o oting pains in the
throat when atte mpting to swallow S h e was free fr om thirst ;
p u l se qu ick and s mall ; breathing hu rried and anxio u s ; very
pale tho u gh feeling h o t ; horripilation ; leaning forward t o lesse n
the pain ; she co mplained o f stiffness with an air of mu ch
dej ection and shu nned conversation feeling that she cou ld o n l y
speak in a whisper H er look was du ll yet staring ; her
eyelids widely stretched face pale and featu res s u nk
K nowing t oo well the ine ffect u al natu re o f t h e ordinary
fav ou rite remedies I resolved in this case o f in cipient scarlet
fever not to act with re ference to individ u al sympt o ms b u t
(agreeably t o my n e w synthetical principle ) to o btain i f possible
a remedy calc u l ated t o produ ce in a he al thy person mo st o f the
morbid sympto ms I n ow observed ; and my me mory and written
remarks s u ggested n o remedy so appro priate as B ellado n n a
wh i ch I had observed t o produ ce precisely the ab o ve men tio n ed
symptoms
I there fore gave the girl who was al ready affected by the
rst indicat ions of scarlet fever a dose of B elladonna 1 )
4 32 000t h part o f a grain o f the extract which according to my
S h e re mained
s u bsequ ent experience is t o o large a d o se
qu ietly seated all d ay with ou t lying down ; the heat o f her
body diminished ; she dr ank b u t little ; none o f her sympto ms
increased and n o new ones appeared S h e slept qu ietly and
the following morning twenty ho u rs after taking the medicine
most o f the sympto ms had disappeared witho u t an y crisis ; the
sore thro at o nly c o ntinu ed b u t in a less degree till the e vening
when it went off The foll o wing day she w as lively and ate
and played as u su al
I gave her a sec ond dose and she
remain ed perfectly well ; while t w o other children of the family
,

FL O R A

80

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ill o f the scarlet fever witho u t my knowle dge who m I

co u l d on l y treat according to my general plan detailed above .
I gave my c o nv al escent a s maller dose of B elladonna every
three or fo u r days an d she remained in perfect health
I n o w e arnestly desired to preserve the other ve children
fr om infection their re mov al being impossible ; an d I thu s
reasoned : a re medy capable o f qu ickl y checking a disease in
its rst onset mu st be its best preventive and the following
occu rrence strengt hened my opinion S o me weeks pre vio u sly
three children o f an o ther family were ill o f severe scarle t
fever ; the eldest dau ghter alone w h o had been t aking B ell a
donn a internally for an external affection o f the j oints o f h er
ngers t o my great astonishment es caped the infection al tho u gh
in other c ase so f epide mics she had readily taken the m
T his decided me to ad min ister t o the other ve children
as a preservative
v ery s mall doses o f this excellent re medy
an d as its action l a sts only three days I repeated the dose every
se v enty two ho u rs and they all remained in perfect heal th
tho u gh s u rro u nded with infection
In the meanti me I was called in to attend an other family
where the eldest s on was ill o f sc arlet fever I fo u nd h i m in
the height o f the fever with the er u ption o n the chest and arms
H e was serio u sly ill and it was too late to give the S pecic
prophylactic re medy B u t wishing to preserve the other three
children o f fo u r and t w o years o f ag e and n ine months I
directed the parents to give the requ isite dose o f B ellado n na
every three day s and had the happiness o f seeing them entirely
escape the disease in spite o f constant interco u rse with their
sick br o ther
A lso a n u mber of other occasions presented themselves in
whi ch this specic preventiv e re med y never failed
T o prepare this re medy fo r preventing the infection o f
scarlet fever we take a handfu l o f the fresh leaves o f the wild
A tropa B elladonna at the season when the owers are not yet
blown ; these we bru ise in a mort ar to a p u lp an d press the
'

f ell

TR OP A BE L L A DO N N A

81

j u ice throu gh lin en and immediately spread it ab ou t as thick

as the back o f a kni fe on at porcelain plates an d expose it to
a drau ght o f dry air and the moistu re wil l
evaporate in a fe w
ho u rs We stir it and spread it o u t again with the spatu la so
that it may harden u niformly u ntil dry eno u gh t o be pu l
v er i z e d
The p o wder is to be kept in a war med an d well
stopped bottle
T o prepare fro m this the prophylacti c re medy w
e dissolve
a grain o f this powder in 1 00 drops o f co mmon distill ed water
by r u bbing it u p in a s mal l mortar ; we po u r the thick sol u tion
into a one o u nce bottle and rinse the mortar and the pestle
with 300 drops o f dil u ted alcohol (ve parts of water to one o f
al c ohol) and add this t o the solu tion and render the u ni o n
perfect by diligently shaking the liqu id We label the b ottle
S t r on g S ol u t i on of B el l a d on n a
O n e dr o p o f this is intimately
mixed with 2 00 drops o f the dil u ted alcohol by shaking it for a
minu te an d marked Weak S ol u t i on of B el l a d on n a ; an d t his is
ou r
prophylactic remedy for scarlet fever e ach drop contain
ing the 2 4 000 000t h part o f a grain of the dry B ell adonna
j u i ce
O f this weak sol u tio n we give to preve n t liab il ity to i n fe c
tion to an infant on e drop ; to a child of a year ol d two drops ;
two years ol d three ; three years old fou r ; to a child of fo u r
l
o f his constitu tion fro m
ears
d
according
to
the
strength
o
y
ve to six ; at ve years six t o seven ; at six years fr om seven
to eight ; at seve n years fro m nine to ten ; ei g h t y e ar s fro m
eleven t o thirteen ; nine years fro m fo u rteen to sixteen ; and
with e ach s u ccessive year u p t o the twentieth t w o addition al
drops ; from twenty to thirty n o t above forty drops a dose
every seventy t w o ho u rs well stirred in an y kind of drink as
long as the epide mic lasts and for fo u r or ve weeks after
wards
S hou ld the epidemic be very violent it wou ld be safer i f
the children co u ld bear it t o give the second dose twenty fou r
hou rs after the rst ; the th i rd thirty six ho u rs after the
,

'

82

FLO R A

H O M O EO P A T H I C A

second ; the fo u rth forty eight ho u rs after the third ; and

thence forth every seventy two ho u rs
T his co u rse does not dist u rb the he al th O f the chil dr en
They sho u l d follow their u s u al manner o f life in al l respects
both in food ai r and exercis e b u t avoiding all excess
The only thing I prohibit is the u s e of t o o mu ch vegetable
acid as so u r fru its v inegar etc w hich tend to increase enor
mo u sl y the acti on of B ell adonn a as my experience has tau ght
-

me

Dr S igmond a strong opponent to ho moeop athy in his lectu re

B elladonna when qu o t ing the s u pposed e ff ects o f this medi
cine as a prophy lactic in sc arlet fever thu s speaks o f H ahne
mann : I have to speak t o y ou o f a man o f high intellectu al
attainments of great sagacity o f inexible co u rage of u nwearied
indu stry who amid dif c u lt ies o f n o commo n kind h as laid the
fou ndati o n o f a syste m which whilst it cannot b u t cre ate a fe w
s miles at its singu larity is the work o f great er u di t ion mu ch
toil and striking ingenu ity ; we mu st not confo u nd H ahne mann
with those despicable c harlatans who wo u ld s acrice at the
altar o f avarice the lives an d the happi ness o f tho u sands who
prey u pon their delu ded vi c tims b y the most daring and insolent
effrontery w h o ha ve neither the ed u c ation n o r the feelings o f
men o f principle an d whose s u ccess in their vile occ u pations is
a reecti on u pon the state o f society T h e great acqu ire ments
o f H ahne mann the boldness wi t h which he has promu lgated
his doctrine the skill and er c en e ss wi t h which he has c arried
o n his ardu o u s controversies mark h i m as a man o f no ordinary
stamp It is a disgrace to the ch aracter o f o u r hu mane and
liber al science th at her vot aries sho u ld s o o ften in their z e al
fo r their cau se forget that which is d u e even t o the mistaken

l abo u rer in the ardu o u s paths we h ave to p u rs u e (L an cet

1 8 36 7 vol iii )
P ereira (E l em of M a t er i a M edi ca vol ii p 8 5 9 ) endeavou rs to
prove that the prophylac t ic powers o f B elladonna ar e u seless and
that the evidence bro u ght forward in its favo u r is only negative
.

TR O P A BE L L A D O N N A

83

wh ilst that which is addu ced against it is p o sitive ; for he con

c ei v e s that twenty cases o f failing to prevent the disease ar e mo re
conclu sive th an o n e tho u sand cases o f its n o n occ u rrence
He
qu otes the following in its favo u r B ayle (B i l l T l t mp t om
p 5 04) has collected from vario u s so u rces
c ases o f per
sons who took thi s medicine of these
escaped O ppen
heim (L an d M ed G a z et t e v ol xiii p 8 1 4) gave it to
soldiers and o n l y twelve became affected A lso H u fe l and and
K or eff w h o admi t fro m their o w n personal O bservations the
e fcacy o f the re medy A g ainst it he mentions L ehman
B ach Wendel M u h r b e ck and H o ffman who say that it has
fail ed in their h ands b u t he does not mention the partic u lars ;
and he qu otes the remarkable failu re mentioned by Dr S ig mond

1
36
L
an
ce
t
8
o f a famil y o f eleven persons
7 vol ii p
(
wh o took the s u pposed specic yet every individu al c o ntracted
"
the di s e ase f
C L I N I C A L O B S E R VA T I O N s
A ccordin g to N oack and T rinks
B elladonna produ ces phenome n a similar t o those o f A con i t e
(l
not direct ly however by exciting the central points of the ner
vou s system into a more expansive activity w hich by a process
pr o d u ces phen omena o f inammation in the peri
o f reaction
l
u itable to plethoric
elladonna
is
especial
y
s
h
e r al tiss u es
B
p
scrofu lo u s irritable individu als ; persons disposed to a e c t i on s
congestions and sp as ms in whom the
o f t h e head and brain
nervo u s sy stem is hig h l y s u sceptible o f i mpressions and the
circ u l atory system is easily excited ; to the s an g u ine choleri c
temperamen t ; to the org anis m o f the child and the fe male
and su ch constitu tions as are analogo u s to those organis ms
-

'

On

r efer r i n

famil y i n wh i c
pi ces
it

B e si

e s,

er

in

mat er i al l y
n at e,

N ot

hI

mi n

o f an

g t o th
h ad

en

y g oo

dp d
e en

en

al t er s

by

ecau s e

it i s

o ccas i on

phy

cases

si c i an

evi

of

th

en c e u

k pi
ee

e
n

n o t a co

k
,

men

to

t i on

n ow

'

on

n ow l e

we

e ,

by D r

n ew a

r even

phy

dmi

si ci an

j
y
e me di c i n al

o r e e c t an

Si g mon

i t w as

at

ht
dg t h t t h
wh i

may ju st

mpl et e

as

t i ve

w el l

r ea s o n

of

e s

th

say s

u n

i st er e
wh

as s er

mal l

o s ai

t i on

ac t i on

o x.

at

of

it is

th

er

on e

e au s

h ad g i ven

o w ev er

B el l a

In

b d

su r

on n a

u sel ess

to

er y

vacci

84

FLO R A

H O M tE O P A T H I O A

is there fore s u itable especially fo r diseases o f

wo men and children and all those diseases in which the whole
nervo u s system is in a state of erethis m W hat A conite is to
inammat ory fevers o r the feverish reaction excited in the
arterial s y ste m B ell a donn a is to the inammation itself or t h e
inammatory action o f t h e capill aries I f after in ammatory
action has bee n s u bdu ed by A conite the o ther symptoms O f the
nervo u s stage o f inammati o n continu e an d sensation and
irritability be alternately affected Belladonna is then o f the
gre atest u se i f otherwise indic ated
The chie f aff ections in which B elladonna is indicated are the
P h l eg mono u s and erysipelato u s i n ammat i o n s the
following
B ell adonna

mor e

d el i ca t e t h e i n

med

or

t i ssu

or

an

th

mor e

su

i t a bl e i s

atarrh al affections A ff ections consequ ent u pon

fe ar fright and ch agrin N er v o u s affections S pasms o f every
E pilepsy
S t Vitu s s dance E rgotism T arantism
k ind
Congestions o f the head especially the eyes
H y d r op h obi a
chest abdomen u teru s and hemorrhoidal v essels S angu ineo u s
apoplexy E rratic rheu matic pains (B elladonna is said to be
powerless against xed pains ) S cro fu l osis S cro fu l osis mu cosa
ossea when the perioste u m and bones are inamed
et
S crofu l o u s u lcers S cirrhu s and carcinoma Measles when
combined with great intolerance o f light
Miliar i a alba e t
r u br a e t h er pe t i c a P seu do erysipelas E rysipelas l aeve fu gas
E rysipel a s o f the head with delir iu m E rysipelas
et b u lbos u m
o f the face
E rysipelas neonator u m
E rysipel atou s i n amma
tions of the face consequ ent u pon the stings o f insects I mpe
tigo er y si pel at o d es S carlatina l aevigata e t mi l i ar i s especially with
s u bsequ ent hydr o cephal u s o r with swelling o f the parotid
V ariola when acco mpanied with severe headache
gl ands
Varicell a c o n i fo r mi s
M et as t a s es of a cu t e exan t h ema t a t o t b c
membr a n es of t h e br a i n R u beola P e mphigu s A c n e E c z e ma
mercu ri ale P orrigo l ar v al i s in children o f a plethoric h abit
L ethargy whe n
S leeplessness with congestion of the head
combined with redness o f the face F evers where the sy mp
B el l a d on

n a

T R O P A BE L L A D O N N A

85

toms indicate a more or less distinc t ly marked inammatory

T yph u s
action o f the brain in ner v o u s and typhoid fevers
F eb r i s lactea
Intermittent fevers
v er s at i l i s e t cerebr alis
Derange ments of the mind W eakness o f the me mory H allu
E xalt at ion o f the mind
D epression
c i n at i o n s o f the senses
Melancholi a M ania fu rens V ertigo consequ en t
o f spirits
H eada che fro m congestion
o n an irrit able state o f the cerebr u m
V iolent ne u r algia of the head (with
O f the blood to the he a d
In ammation o f
H yos and Ign ) P araphreni t is me t ast i c a
the br ain and its membranes (after A conite ) H y dr ocep h a l u s
in rst stage Meningitis A rachnitis E nceph alitis
a cu t u s
Deliriu m tre mens Inammation o f the eye S oro fu
v er a
lo u s in ammat ion of the eye with photophobi a (followed by
C ontr action an d di st or
S u lphu r) F u ng u s med u llaris oc u li
tion o f the p u pil I r i t i s R etinitis H emeralopia g r avi d u m
A mblyopia amau roti ca
S trabis mu s
P aropsis i n v e r t en s
P hleg monou s inammation o f the nose
O z aena
A mau rosis
P rosop algi a nervos a Difcu lt dentition o f c hildren
P arotitis
Inammatory or c ongestive
T ootha c he in pregnant wo men
toothache P ty alis m A ngin a tonsill aris u vu laris et pharyngea
S ing u lt u s spast i cu s
P yrosis
A ngina fau ciu m ph l e g mo n o d e s
potator u m V o miting when acco mp ani ed by congestion o f the
he ad ; also du ring an d after acu te exanthe mata C hronic car
P eritonitis espe c i ally
A c u te and chronic gastritis
d i al g i a
p u erperal E nteritis Chronic hepatitis C olica spas modica
I n am
at u l e n t a et c al c u l o sa C olica n eph r i t i c a N ephritis
mation o f the u rinary organs E nu resis Dys u ria Metritis
Intu mescentia u teri benigna P r o l o psu s u teri
O ophoritis
D ys menorrh oea
Too profu se
S cirrhu s an d carcino ma u teri
mense s A bortu s B ad consequ ences o f weaning Mastodynia
nervosa E ry sipelas o f the mammae M astitis G alact o rrh oea
S cirrhu s and carcin oma o f the mammae A phonia A phoni a
C at arrhal inammati on o f the air p assages G rippe
c atarrh alis
W hooping co u gh D r y co u gh N ightly att acks of dry c ou gh
A sth ma t h y mi c u m A sthma spast i
R he u mati sm o f the chest
.

86
cu

FLO R A

m h y st er i cu m
,

c on

H O M GE O P A T H I C A

e st i cu

A sthma M i l l ar i

P ne u

monia

especially when nervou s o r when occu rring at the period of

R he u matic stiffness o f the ne ck
epide mics
S carlet fever
In ammation o f the spinal marrow P hlegmasia alba dol en s
T h e e ffects o f poisonou s or large doses o f B elladonna o n the
healthy s u bj ect h av e in co n j u nction with o t her experiments
plainly pointed ou t i t s u ses to t h e ho moeopathic physician and
it is remarkable t o perceive how o ften the same disease has
been treated b y both schools with this medicine
B y the
ho moeop athist fro m the sympto ms it will produ ce on the healthy
s u bj ect ; by the allopathist from the effect o f this medicine o n
disease In s u ch cases as scirrhu s and cancer on e mu st bear
in mind that the ho moeopathist u ses B elladonna n o t becau se
it produ c es s u ch sympto ms on the he althy bo dy b u t bec au s e
when B elladonna has been given fo r another disease and in
which patient this affectio n has existed the scirrhu s has been
seen t o yield u nder its inu ence
A N TI D O T E S L arge doses o f B ell a donna are c o u nteracted by
black coffee b u t as the berries are O ften the cau se of the poison
i n g the sto mach p u mp mu st be pu t in requ isiti o n and also
some e metic
A l most all au thors h ave reco mme n ded vinegar as an antidote
ag ainst B elladonn a (O n e man at Dresden was relieved o n
dr inking a cids ) A b u ndant experience however shows that
vinegar increases the pain pr o du ced by B elladonna
S tap f
has also observed that applic at ions o f vin eg ar to the forehead
increased the he ad ache cau sed by B elladonna so as to make it
ins u pportable Fits o f paralysis and colic produ ced by B ella
donna may be ass u aged by O piu m altho u gh it acts o nly as a
palliative
S t u por insanity and fren z y produ ced by B ella
donna are h o mce o pat h i c al l y relieved in the speediest and most
certain manner by a fe w doses o f H yoscyamu s T h e intoxication
A dequ ate help is mo st
o f B elladonna is relieved by wine
necess ary when a large qu antity o f the berries have been sw al
lowed ; in this case relief may be O btained by large potions of
,

TR O P A B E L L A D ON N A

87

strong co ffee which restores the irrit ability o f the mu sc u lar

bre p u ts a stop t o the tetani c conv u lsions altho u gh acting a s
a mere p alliative an d sec u res the vo miting o f the berries ; this
may moreover be facilitated by ti c kling the pharynx with a
long fe ather
C amphor is an antidote ag ainst so me o f the
sympto ms o f B elladonna ; an d H epar S u l ph u r i s i f B elladonna
cau ses erysipelato u s swellings
,

B E R BE R I S VU L G A R I S

C ommo n B a r ber r y
S
G er

YN O N YM S B
.

1 32 5

FO R E I G N
Sp a/n

GE N

B er

er i s

met or u m

in

R a i i Sy

46 5

B u sh ;

S in

a aci

a, or

O xy

ac an

a,

AM E S

er i s

C AR

al

Du t

er

r id
e
p
j
y

L E pi n

B er

y x in f er i o

vi

er i s

n et

te

R u ss

Sau er

B ar b ar i ss

pr

of si x s

Ger m :

eadi n

or n

I t al

Cre
s in

ve

re d d eci du ou s
r o l l a of si x r ou n di s h e
gg

c on ca

col ou

hre o t er o s t h m l l t C
v Spre di g p t al s pp osi t t t h s p l e h wi t h t w o
c
d pl y col
d prob bl y
t if ro gl d t t h e b s
o bl o g m r
Fi l m t si x st r p sh p d at t e d bl
t opp si t e t o t h
(g
p t l b t short er t t h d t t h b e f h A t h of t wo s p r t
pp o i t dg s f t h e s mmi t o f t h l m t e h Op i n g
l ob
th
v l v fr m t h e b t t om pw rds G m s p ri r y li dri c l
by
S ty l
o e
S t ig m
i gl
rou n d
lo g
t m
d at
th
bro der t h t h e g rm a t l y b ordered p rm e t B r y ob
l l p l py
g bl t O f o
p e i g t t h t op S d t w o
l
bl o g cy li n dri l pri ght ; t ta h d by hort t l k s t o t h e l ow r
t hr
p t of t h ll
t h e i f ri or or ll
f si x p et l
d t h e t wo or
l y x of ix s p al
Th
r i t h e s me
t h ee s e d d b rry w il l di t i g i s h t h i s from ot h r g
l ss an d r d r
i n versel y
Cl t
p d l s L
t hr ee l ft
S E C C HA R T h
P t l e ti
h p d obl o g wi t h bri t l y rr t
eg g
pl ;
sh p d

th

a s

se

on ca

o e

e a s,

as

u n

ee , o

a e

en

en

s n

e,

an

a e

s a

er s

ac

a a e

en

an

er

ee

s a

a s, an

a o

or n s

an

un

er

u s

ac

en e a

eac

s,

c a

cu

a s,

e ca

ce

ca

e ce

ar

n e

n e

e n

en

an

n e c ar

as

en s

es

e e

e s a

ac

as

en

e o

e s

ou r e

ee

e s, o n

n e

e,

on

-c

I S T O R Y T his is

en

a u r es

se

u s er s

ou

e a s

eav es

r e

the medicinal pl ants o f the ancient

physicians and according to G e r ar d e is described by G ale n
as O xy can t h a or A c u t a spina and differing fro m the O xy

on e o

F ig

g er men

n
, a

et al

d st i g ma

D i t t o,

St i g ma

an

o wi n

th

d g er men

e n ect ar if er ou s
.

si n

g l an

g l e st amen

s
.

St amen

s,

BE R BE R I s V

UL G A R I S

89

canthu s o f Dios corides or the H awthorn

The fru it he
says
being most like that of the myrtle b u t J B o d aeu s
remarks th at the fr u it o f the B arberry is not at all simil ar to the
myrtle and he there fore c on c l u des that the pl ants described by
Dioscorides and G alen are identic al
G alen (D e N u t r i men t i s) reckons the tender sprigs o f the
B arberries amo n g the tender shoots that are to be e aten s u ch as
H e evi
O xy can t h u s or the H awthorn bringeth not forth
d en t l y therefore considers the m two distinct pl ants
It w as
called K n / mews by the G reeks according to R h ase s T h e
A rabi an physi c ians A vicenna and S erapion make no disti nction
between this and the H awthorn an d c all both A my r b er i s Dr
B o y l e su pposes the L yciu m Indicu m o f D ioscorides to be t h e
B arberry ; b u t the commentator o f P au l u s E g i n e t a (vol iii
p 435 ) thinks it more probable that the B arberry was b u t the
s u cced ane u m o f the Lyci u m A c c ordin g to L er o u x it w as
mu ch u sed by the o l d E gyptian s
G er ar d e in giving a description o f the u ses o f this plant
says th at the le aves and berries o f this thorn are cold an d dry
in the second degree ; and as G alen also af r me t h they are o f

thin parts and have a certaine cu t t i n g e qu al i t i e

Under the head o f the

Vertu es he divides them into the
following :
A The leaves are u sed o f divers to season me at with and
inste ad o f a s allad as be those o f sorrell
B The decoction thereo f is good ag ainst h o t b u rnings an d
ch ol er i ck e ag u es ; it al l a e t h
the heat of the blood and t e m
y
er et h the over mu ch heat o f t h e liver
p
C The fr u it or berries are good for the same things and be
also protable fo r hot laskes and for the bl ou d y i xe an d
they stay all manner o f s u peru ou s bleedings
D The greene le aves o f the B arberry b u sh st amped and
made into sa u ce as that made of sorrell called greene sau ce
doth cool hot sto machs and those that are vexed with hot b u rn
ings agu es ; an d pr o c u reth appe t ite :
.

FLO R A

9O

H O M tE O P A T H I cA

The co n serve made o f the fru it and s u gar perfor meth all
those th ings be fo re re me mb ered b u t with better force and
s u ccess
F The r o ots o f the tree steeped fo r certai n days t ogether i n
strong lie ma de with ashes o f the ash tree and the hair O ften
moistened therewith makes it yell ow
G T h e bark o f the root is also u sed in medicine for the

j au ndice an d that with good s u ccess (G er a r d e p

In Q u incey s P h ar ma cop oei a O ci n a l i s 1 7 42 p 147 he says
the fru it o f the B arberry is u sefu l in diarrhoeas and dy sentery and
the bark fo r j a u ndice and other diste mpers from fou lness and
obstr u ction of the viscera It is likewise for the same p u rposes
an ingredient in many of the medicated al es which are p u blicly
sold
The l u n er bark of the stem infu sed i n beer has the repu ta
tion of cu ring the j au ndice
With the assistance o f alu m it dyes lin en a beau tifu l yellow
The roots b oiled i n lye dye w o ol yell o w In P oland it is u sed
fr o m its astringent qu alities t o tan leather an d at the same time
dyes it a most beau tifu l yell ow
The acid present in the B arberry is the oxalic and it renders
the berries so s ou r that birds swine and h orses will ref u s e
it b u t kine sheep and goats will eat o f it
The B arberry has been s aid t o mildew c orn gr o wing in i t s
n eighb ou rh o od ; this h o wever has been proved t o be fal lacio u s
There is a p arasite often o n the leaves o f this shru b the L y si ph e
b er b er i d e s frequ ently covering the whole s u r face o f the leaves
with a thin white s u bstance which p er h ap s may have a perni
ci o ns inu ence on cor n gr owi n g i n the n eighb ou rh o od bu t it is
n ot at all certain
B erberis is a corr u pti on o f A mer b er y s the A rabic n ame o f
the fr u it
It was u sed as a lith ontriptic styptic an d alexipharmic ao
c o r di ng t o B ad i g or i u s O ribasiu s Mesne an d others S erapion
an d incisive and o f
n
rec
e
ds
it
as
c
oo
li
g
2
D
l
9
m
n
e
S
i
m
2
o
m
)
(
p
E

B E R BE R IS

UL G A R I S

91

benet in al l u xes an d l ater according t o P au l l i B au hin etc

in i n ammat i on s o f t h e throat an d other affections o f the mu
co u s me mbr anes A ccording t o R ay (H i st P l an t vol ii p
in dise ases o f the liver j au ndice etc A ccording to K och
as
c holeraic diarrh oea when
vol
v
iii
f
in
er s R e
c
h
n
u
B
(
p
the secretion of the bile contin u es to be irreg u lar and wanting
the B erberis has been given with great s u ccess T here are so
many different opini ons relating to the effects o f the B erberis
as to make its classic ation diffi cu lt I f medical men had better
distingu ished between its positive and its medical effects there
wo u ld have been fe w er contradictions
Its effects are noted as
t onic an d refrigerant qu enching the thirst we akening at t en u
ating ; dispelling fever and inammation ; desiccant and di s sol v
ing ; pu rgative an d antiseptic ; astringent and styptic anodyne
and diu retical ; expelling w orms and cau sing abor
su d or i c
tion
It was a popu lar re medy for feverish diseases and i n amma
tions ; b u t it grad u ally passed fro m the hands o f the pe ople
into those o f the physician s who for a time extensively u sed
it in these affections b u t alw ays it is t o be re marked with
that dis u nion and di ssension which r u ns throu gh the M ateria
Medica and which arises either fro m fau l ty and inco mplete
err on eo u s explanation o f the facts ignorance o r
o bservation
tho u ghtless echoing the O pinions o f o thers While the B erberis
was formerly e mployed for asthenic fevers an d reco mmended
as a restorative remedy it has also a so called antiphlogistic
effect It is rej ected by modern physicians in the rst point and
reco mmended only in the others S choene (P r a ct A r z n ei m
p 8 3) c onsiders it u sefu l only in sthenic fevers and
vol i
forbids it in the asthe n ic for m K orn (A r z n ei mi t t el 2n d edit
p 1 90) advises it only in hypersthenic fevers etc H erberger
and K och recommended the B erberis in inammation o f the
bo wels diseases of the liver choler a and dysentery i n total
opp o sition to H esse who co n siders that this medicine creates
con gestio n o f bl o od i n the head chest and abdomen bl ee di ng
,

92

FLO R A

fro m the

vessels

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ose and gu ms and tu rgescence

,

the he morrhoidal

b u shy shru b fro m three to six feet high ; i n

a cu l tivated state O ften mu ch higher ; owers M ay and J u n e
B r an ch es alternate exible ang u l ar with a yell owish brown
bark L eaves in tu ft s fro m l ateral b u ds decidu o u s stalked
so me wh at inversely egg sh aped more o r less pointed between
serr ated and fringed T h or n s at the base o f each leaf b u d three
cle ft S preading sharp ch annelled u nderneath C l u st er s solitary
fro m the centre o f e ach b u d stalked si mple many o w e r e d
drooping longer than the leaves F l ower s o f a bright yell o w
c ol o u r wi th red gl ands B er r i es red oblong a litt le c u rved
very acid T h e irritability o f the stamens of thi s plant is very
rema rkable ; i f the inside o f the laments be to u ched ne ar the
base by any extr aneo u s body they i mmedi ately sprin g u p an d
strike the anthers against the stigma This may be repeated
sever al ti mes as after e ach irrit ation the stame n s retu rn to their
original position Dr S mith observes that the spring o f the
st amens is owing to a high degree o f i rritability i n the side o f
the lament next the germ (the o u tside o f the lament an d the
anther having none ) by whi c h when to u ched it contracts that
side beco ming shorter th an the other and consequ ently the
lament being bent towards the germ T h e p u rpose which this
c u rio u s con trivance i n n atu re is designed to an swer is evident ;
when the stamina stand in their original positi on their anthers
are effectu ally sheltered fro m r ain by the concavity o f the petals
thu s they probably re main till so me insect i n order to abstract
honey fro m the b ase o f t h e ower thru sts itself betw een the
l aments and al mo st u n avoidably to u ches the m in their most irri
t able p arts an d in this way the i mpregnation o f the ger mens is
per formed ; and as it is chiey in s u nny weather that insects are
on the wing so it is only i n ne weather that the pollen is t
for the p u rpose o f ger mination

N
S
R
O
P
H
I
D
I
T
I
BU
TI
O
The B erberis v u lg aris is
L
A
C
E
G
R
A
G
in dige n ou s in G reat B ritain and o ther parts of E u r ope The
D E S C R I P TI O N

B E R B E R IS V UL G A R IS

93

genera in E u r o pe A si a and A meri c a

B ar e in S o u th
A merica
L O C A L I T I E S I N B R IT A I N
Tu woods and hedges and o n
b u shy calcareo u s hills ; in hedges by the roadside between
M iddleton S tones and A rdley in B erks B edfordshire C am
br i d g e sh i r e Devon E ssex N orfolk S u ff olk S o mersetshire
Warwickshire etc
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D I C I N E A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A TI O N
The s mall branches o f the roots or the bark o f the br anches o f
the roots o f moderate si z e (the l arge roots being too bro u s)
T h e tinctu re is prepared with alcohol
P H YS I OLOG IC A L E FF E C TS H esse dis c overed by his exper i
ments that B erberis produ ces a remarkable feverish condition
O n e gr ain given t o a per fectly healt hy girl three ti mes a
d ay for fo u r d ays (altogether t w elve gr ains ) produ c ed gener al
rel axation ; slight s h i vering along the b ack i n the morning ; he at
i n the face towards night ; inammation o f the conj u nctiva ;
gre at thirst anorexia ; sli ght griping in the abdo men and pains
before mictu rition A fter giving an infu sion o f the root he
Observed still more re markable sympto ms and a fu lly developed
inammation o f the tonsils u v u l a and pharynx accompanied
by mu ch redness and swelling ; it is also remark able that P au l l i
Qu a dr ipar t B ot A r gent 1 6 6 7 p 1 03) praises the antiphlogistic
effect o f B erberis i n fe v ers and i n ammat i on s particu l arly in
those o f the tonsils and u vu la thu s provi n g its ho moeopathic
ac tion T h e same remarks apply to the c ases o f i n ammat i on s
o f the liver and lining me mbr anes o f the intestines
dysentery
and i n ammat i on s and congestion o f the u ter u s The expe r i
ments o f H erberger W i b mer W h ii r B u chner an d H esse
(vide VVi bmer a n d H esse a a O p 2 6 ) give many signicant
proofs o f the exciting effects o f B erberis on the digestive organs
an d this was shown also by C l u si u s
6
6
1
n t
1
l
a
H
i
s
t
B
ar
P
(
p
and others Diosc orides reco mmends it as a medicine
to produ ce abortion
M E D I CA L USE S (H O M CE O P A T H I C )
This medicine was n o t
,

94

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

proved by H ahn emann and is not in the M a t er i a M edi ca P u r a

b u t is described and proved in the J ou r n a l f u r A r z n ei mi t t el l eh r e
A cc ording to N oack and T rinks B erberis is principally s u ited
to g astric biliou s an d veno u s he morrhoid al constitu tions and t o
the choleric or choleric sang u ine temper ament It seems to act
u pon the veno u s syste m and mu co u s me mbranes partic u larly
the eyes and digestive org ans B erberis deserves particu l ar
attention when dise ase o f a bilio u s character prevails as an epi
d e mic ; also in acne ; erythe ma intertrigo u rticaria ; w arts on
t h e ngers ; pan ar i t i a ;
chil bl ains ; rhe u matic fever biliou s
gastric fever ; arthritic fever ; yell o w fever ; febrile conditions
ch ar a cterised by internal heat and external coldness or partial
chilliness headache p artic u larly o f the veno u s congestive kind
occasion ed by de r ange ments o f the digestive fu nctions and ao
co mpanied by rhe u matic and arthritic affections c atarrh al rhe u
mati c and arthritic O phthalmia E rysipel ato u s angina fau ciu m
p articu l arly when accompanied with striking bilio u s affe c tions
affections o f the liver ; hepatitis when occasioned by ir ritation
fro m bili ary c al c u li and fro m s u ppression o f he morrhoids ; au n
dice diseases o f the kidneys and u rin ary organs he morrhoi d al
affections ; dys menorrh oea ; l u mbago arthritic and rhe u matic
affections o f the extre mi t ies ; arthritis nodosa
A N T I D O T E s Ca mphor B u ch n er says that B erb eris an tid o te s
A conite
,

XI

B O V I ST A

L YC O P E R D O N

P
S

YN ON YM S L c

osu

lu i, M

B o l t on , F u n g
at

t h i ol

FO R E I G N

AM E S

Ger m: W ol fsr au ch
St u i fz w amm

I t al

Kl ot svamp

at

bal l

B ovi st a

al .

a u s

L in n

ovi st a,

B O VI S T A

M ol ly p uf

vt

Fu n g u s

per d on

m,

Ly

c ael at u

co p

mg r escen s,

er s

m Fr i es

Sy

st

n op .

ung

Ly

cop

re

B o i st e, Vesse l ou

Ve s s e d e l o u

d es

b h

ou vi er s

K u g el s ch w amm, R au ch pi t z , D er S t au s c w amm
D a n : S t or svam
Sp an : L i coper d o
L i c oper d o

glo
it u s

Du t

S w ed

F U N G I (M Y C E T E S ) T r i bu s G A S T E R O N YC E T E S
C R Y P T O G A M I A F U N G I

O r d er ,

GE N C HA E Fu n g u s rou n di s h
i mp al p ab l e see ds
S P E C C HA R
S t eml es s whi te
.

hy p
es

en i n

th

at

t op,

fu l l

of

p ow d

er y

on

l y two

c oat s

h a gi g

to

bl k ;
ac

re gu l ar gl obe

wit

I S T O R Y T here is no notice

this fu ngu s being u sed as a

medicine by t h e old physicians altho u gh it is mentioned by
Pliny (N a t H i s t c xix H ol l an d s T r a n s )
In these to ad
stools o f the mu shroo m kind are t hose at tu ffes o r pu ffes t o be
reckoned which the G reeks name P er z i t oe as they have n o

root at all so they be altogether witho u t either stele o r taste

It had an early rep u tation and became a pop u lar re medy for al l
H

Fig s
9*

Th

me

e n a

B ovi s t a, fr om t h

1 , 2,

is
e

an

d 3 Th
.

d iv d
er

fr o m

G er man B o st

fu n g u
Aur

in

as, a

er en

w ol f ;

di ff

an

st ag e s o f

i t s g r ow t

p3co, t o

1r e

pl

ex

de

b kw d
ac

ar

96

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

kinds o f he morrhages and w as u sed extensively as an extern al

appli cation fo r this p u rpose by the co mmon people p artic u larl
y
in epistaxis Linn ae u s mentions this in h i s acco u nt o f it in the
F l or S u ed p 460 ; and that there is a gener al belie f in S weden
and also in G ermany that it promotes blindness T here can
be no do u bt th at the ne powdery sp u n like contents may
cau se inammation when introdu ced into the eye and a fatal
c o ntraction when inhaled into the lu ngs (Vide L os eke M a t
M ed 6 t h e dit p
It was n o t therefore at te mpted to
administer it as an internal re medy The B ovist a does n o t
enter into t h e allopathi c Ph armacop oeia ; b u t Linn aeu s (M a t
M ed 5 t h edit 1 7 8 7 p 28 0) writes o f a vis adstrin gens o b st i
pans absorbens i n c r assan s ophthalmica gastrica
The sty ptic properties o f the B ovist a however do not re st
only on its mech anic al action b u t in reality o n the physiological
effects on the h u man organis m as indicated by the homoeopath i c
provings o f this fu ngu s on person s in health B y re ference t o
N oack and T r i n k s s H an d bu ch f u r H em A r z n ei mi t t el l eh r e art
B ovista it wil l be seen that it prod u ces the very symptom it
has been given to cu re as a pop u lar re medy vi z bleedin g
from the nose

E
S
R
C
N
I t may be generally known by its globose
D
I P TI O
stru ctu re smoothish s u rface and light colou r the whole formi ng
a simple c o verin g to the white cottony s u bs t ance within which
s u bst ance in an advanced age becomes a mass o f r ml y
entangled bres o f a dark c ol ou r h olding an immense qu antity
of
extremely ne sable powderw e presu me the seeds
T h e covering t o o becomes d ark more or less o f a brown ish
slate colo u r o f a silky l u stre and stiff satiny textu re S mal l
pl ants o f this sl ate colo u r have been c al led Lycoperdon ar d o si a
ce u m It has been confo u nded with the Lycoperdon prote u s
b u t is less co mmon and has the same n u mber o f skins b u t the
o u ter o n e is ne ver so ro u gh which w ill help t o dis t ing u ish it
a s well as its being destitu te o f the cell u lar part at the base
,

(S ower b

un

i
g )

I TA

BO V S

A ccording t o

97

Withering it is sn o w white w hen you ng and

white within ; black in dec ay ; opens with a very large apertu re
the di ameter being abo u t t w o inches
A ccor di ng to B u chner when growing it is white when
y o u ng
GE O G R A PHIC A L D I S T R I BU TI O N M O S C parts o f E u rope G reat
B ritain G ermany F rance S weden N orway R u ssia and A si a
M inor
L o c A L I T I E s I n dry meadows and on downs
(In K ensing
t o n G ardens fro m the si z e o f a pea to twenty or t hirty inches i n
circu mference S ower by )
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D ICI N E A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A TI O N
To prepare a power fu l mother tinctu re we
T h e whole plant
mu st commen c e with a d r y tritu r ation o f the seeds (t h e bl a ck
d u st ) and to this add alcohol gradu ally u ntil the trit u ration
commences to be u id ; then add an equ al weight o f alcohol
The whole to be pu t away for so me d ays in a dry place to be
le ft at rest and afterwards l tered The season for c oll ectin g
this fu ngu s fo r me di c inal p u rposes I s I n the months o f A u g u st

an d S epte mber !

IC
H
T
E
D
L
M
c
E
F
A
I
C
O
A
U
S
E
H
O
S (
M
) B ovista is especially indi
debilitated syste ms with gre at
or
c at e d in irritable j u venile
variability o f the circu l atory and nervo u s syste ms as well as fo r
orid scro fu lo u s or nervo veno u s individu als more especi all y
for su ch as h ave a tendency easily t o take cold with dist u rb ance
swelling o f the gl ands In s u ch B ovist a is
o f circ u l ation o r
most especially specic in affections o f the S kin and in diseases
o f the heart
P ap u lo u s squ amo u s an d vesicu lou s eru ptions
o f the ski n
Lichen especially agriu s P r u rigo P soriasis
e v en diffu sed P ityriasis H erpes (with dry an d hu mid spots )
Intertrigo I mpetigo A cne E r u ptions at the
E rythema
corner o f the mo u th and u lceration o f the lips
Ulcers o n
Inter mittent fe v ers
C atarrhal an d rhe u matic
t h e ngers
-

C ar e

mu st

be t a

r o t eu s,

g i g an t eu m or

en

h hi

w ic

g
s

at

er

mu ch

th

tru

l ar g er

an

B ovi st a,

mor e

an

t u ber

n ot

cu

l ou s

th
.

Ly

co

p d
er

on

FL O R A

98

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

affecti ons H e morrh age o f the nose an d teeth especially when

oc c u rring in chil dren s u ffering fro m skin er u ptions Tooth
ache when ac c o mpanied by swellin g o f the lips M en o cl as i a
A ffec t ions of the he art
B ron c hitis a c u t a
P al
fro m cold
ase
N
u mbness and par aly t ic f eeling
ro
organic
dise
f
m
i
i
t
a
on
t
p
in the h ands as sequ el ae o f arthrit ic o r rhe u mati c dise ase o r
fr om re mains o f a he art affection (N oack a n d T r i n ks A r z n ei mi t t
p
AN T I D OTE S
Camph or In cases o f poi soning by this fu ngu s
reco u rse mu st be had t o the sa me me ans as given fo r the treat
ment o f poisoning by the A garicu s mu sc ar i u s
,

X II

BR YO N I A A L BA
W H I TE

BL A C K -BE R R I E D

YN O N YM S Vi t i
.

Br y

on

FO R E I G N

J ac q

eu z a al

GE N

at

t wo

or

Vi t i s al

Bry

or c a

at

t h i ol

Bry

Uv a

a.

o n e,

r an ca

G er

S w ed

v e cl eft

t h in ;

gl
h rb
si n

en

t in

b v lg
a

a, s

I t al

L i nn

Br y

on

br i n

a.

a
l
u
i
n
c
o
u
q

an

B r i on i a, Vi t a

W ei sse

o sv a

Z au n
.

ru

P ol

bi

i a i oi ca,

an ca

b e, St i ch w u r z
P ry

Sp a n

est epb i at

l a v e cl eft

mb ers

wi t

si

ee - cl e

S ty l e t h r

b rr

mpl e

ft

en

il s,

e s

in

thr

ee

d st al

an

hr

B er r y

an

en

or o l

But

M O N (E C I A M O N OD E L PHI A

fert il e

a c eou s cl i

ma al

H u n dr

on e

ser

l evr e

ou

U C UR B I T A C E JE

ly

an

W i t t e B r y on

pi
d ; ski

O r d er , C

a r s,

c ell e

er a

aar ,

HA R

AM E S

a.

W el de w y n
N

ia

i g r i s, M

s n

kd
e

rn at e l eaves
S P E C C HA R L
ves co rd at e v e l ob e d d en t at e c al l o s o scabr o u s Fl ow er s
racemo se c ory mb ose mon oeci ou s C ly x i n fert il e ow ers as l on g as
S t i g ma smoot h
B er r y bl ack
c orol l a
al

te

ea

H I ST OR Y

The B ryo n i a was one o f the ancient remedies

Dioscorides mentions three kinds : the A y mar a: u sAa wa the B r y
onia alba o f Linn aeu s the A n n exos M o m o r V itis alba the
B r y oni a dioica ; an d the A mi sh ; a y g
the T amu s commu nis or
bl ack B ryony ; b u t th i s latter he carefu lly distingu i shes fro m the
other two an d considers it mild and edible H e treats O f the m
at consider able length an d reco mmends the B ryonia alba (V itis
-

'

ta

F ig

men

st a
st y

l es ,

5"

an

Th

g r ow t

Th

st

c al y

Th

e an

i g ma

me

e n a
of

it s

is

h
7

an

er

co r oll a o f

Se c t i o n

S ec t i on

d iv d f
er

r o

of

mp

ms fr om t h

an n u al s t e

mal e

th
w,
e

ow er

of

di t t o

er r

g er mi n

er en n

2 S ec t i on
.

Femal e o w er

o wi n

g th

r o ot

o si t i o n

o , ex r essi ve o f

i al

di t t

of

th

6
of

o,
.

o S

Th

th

g er men

e se e

e vi g or ou s an

th

ow

pi d

ra

FLOR A

100

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

igra) or as oth ers call it B ryonia nigram or C h i r on i am vitam

as u rinas porro cient menses p el l u n t ; also in affe c tions of t h e

and paralysis T h e
S pleen ; in epil epsy (c o mi t i al i b u s) vertigo
le aves as beneci al as topi c al appli c ations in u lcers etc The
B ryonia alba (dioic a) he extols fo r many virtu es more p ar t i c u
l ar l y in gangrenes an d wo u nds whi tlow apoplexy co u gh
indu ration o f the spleen etc
P liny con fo u nds the m altogether and G e r ar d e gives the
f ollowing re a son for his so doing
B lack B ryonia is c alled in
in L atin B ryonia nigra Vitis syl v estris
G reek A n g el o: a y g z
o r wild vine ;
notwi t hstanding it does not a little differ fro m
L abru sca o r Vitis vinifera sylvestris that is t o say from t h e
wi ld vine which bringeth forth wine which is likewise c al led
W h y both these were called by on e name
A u s t en : a ve
P liny was the cau se w h o cou l d not s u fficiently expou nd the m
in his 2 3r d B ooke rst chapter b u t confo u nded them and

made them al l o n e in which error are also the A rabians

J oannes B o d aeu s in his C ommentary o n Theophrastu s give s

the fol lowing denition o f the two

O n e species (B alb

he says be ars black berries the other (B dioica) red The

root o f the on e is darkish externally a p ale whitish yell o w

in t er nally ; the r o ot o f the other i s white

M at t h i ol u s makes the N igra Vi tis the A m i e, mm
of
Dioscorides the same as the T amu s commu nis ; b u t the re mark
o f D ioscorides th at the fr u it at rst green w hen ripe is black
c o nrms it as the B ryo nia alb a the only one o f the species
that has this pecu liarity the berries o f the T amu s being red ;
he gets over this by s aying th at altho u gh D ioscorides r epr e
sents this y e t in his co u ntry the berries always re main red H e
evidently confo u nds t h e t w o pl ants prob ably never h avin g seen
the B ryonia alba as it is chiey conned t o the north o f
E u rope
Dodon eans describes the tr u e B ryoni a alba u nder the name o f
B ry onia nigra ; b u t B au hin calls it B ryonia alba and says
It
differ s fro m the c ommon white B ryony only in that the root is
n

r se.

B R YO N I A

AL

BA

1 01

a yell owish b ox colo u r o f the inside an d the fru it o r berries

ar e black when they ripen

P ereir a (E l em M a t M ed vol ii p 1 1 5 3) makes the A t omE R O S
o f D ios c orides the Ta mu s co mmu nis ; b u t
as we have
u eA a w
noted be fore the berries o f the one are always black o f the
other i n var i a bl y r ed
Dr A dams I n his Co mmentary o n P au lu s E g i n et a vol iii
says : T h e wild vine is evidently the Tamu s co mmu nis the
white B ry ony the B ryonia dioica and the black the B ryonia

al b a o f L i n n m
u s
Mesne reco mmends the u se o f B ryo n ia alba in many diseases
and extols it highly ; and S erapion ascribes to it amongst o ther
virtu es that o f produ c ing a great ow o f milk
G alen (D e
S i mp l i c lib v i ) says
the virtu es o f the V itis nigra (B ryoni a

al ba L inn ) are the s ame a s that o f alba (B dioic a

u t weaker
b
)
B ryonia S ee ms to hav e been u sed for merly e xtensi v ely in
many diseases altho u gh at the present time it has falle n into
dis u se
Dioscorides employed it in epilepsy vertigo and
melancholia G alen in gou t especially podagra hysteria and
hy pochondri asis C ael i u s A u reli anu s in j au ndice S ydenham in
disorders of the mind deliri u m mania insanity and i mbecility
Trau tman in arthritic hemicrania
A lex ander Tr allian in
dea fness and hypochondria di arrhoea dropsy ple u ritis stitches in
the side sciatica w hite swelling and white tu mo u r o f the knee
H artmann in diseases o f the wo mb and t ardy delivery
L o n i g er
i n asthma p ain in the neck in hemorrhages and S pitting o f
blood
T o those c onversant in homoeopathy the fo regoing enu mera
tion is particu l arly interesting as the benet derived from
B ryoni a in al l these case s ar o se from the property it has o f
produ c ing symptoms similar to these diseases on persons in
health ; and P au l l i (Qu a dr ip B ot an A r g en t or at i 1 6 6 7 p
R ecensiones pr ac
in allu sion to its e ffects on the u ter u s says
tici tanqu am spec i co in u teri mor b i s o mn i s generis r ad i ci bu s
vel u t men ses mov e an t mu l i er u m vel u t i i s foet u m
u tu n tu r
o

1 02

FLO R A

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

mortu u m eji ci an t vel d en i qu e ad qu e m affect u m po t i ssi mu m

c o mmen d an t u r
u t ab u teri st r an
It
was
u l at u r eas v i n d i c en t
g
recommended by H ar man d M on t g ar n i (N ou veau T r a i t emen t d es
,

inammato ry diarrhoea and

H orn an d R ichter however ad v ise its discon
dysentery
t i n u an c e in these aff ections beca u se it is apt to prod u ce s u ch
irritating ac tion o n the intestin al canal as almost even to excite
inammation
In C u l pe pp er s C omplete H erbal an d E nglish P hysician at
large are the followin g re marks
B ryo nia is o n e o f the fu rio u s martial plants and amongst
other virtu es when mixed with honey doth mightily cleanse
the chest of r otten phlegm and wonderfu l l y help any O ld and
long co u gh ,to tho se that are tro u bled with S ho rtness of breat
D E S C R I P TI O N
The plant proved by H ahne mann is the B r y
eu s
and not t h e B ryonia dioica or white
o nia alba o f L inn a
B ryony s o co mmon in the hedges and thickets in many par t s o f
this cou ntry It is a perennial climbing plant with palmat e
leaves o f bright gre en c olo u r r ou gh t o the to u ch and the
ter min al lobe longer then t h e rest The owers are whi t ish
T h e male and fe male owers grow
yellowish white
or
ing u pon the S ame pl ant the former o n long pedu ncles
The f r u i t g l obose and bl a ck Flowers J u ne
S t a men s distinct
he chie f distingu ishing character s between the
an d J u ly
the
B ry oni a alba o f Linn aeu s and B ryonia di o ica arel st
leaves o f the alba are o f a brighter green than the dioica T h e
berries are bl ack in the one and r ed in the other an d the male
and fe male owers o f the alba grow on the same plant whilst
in the dioica they are on different stems
GE OG R A PHICA L D I S TR I BU TI O N
N orth o f E u rope G ermany
m
a nover
in
m
any
parts
ore
co
on
than
the
ryonia
dioica
H
m
m
B
(
)
some parts o f Fr ance L orraine Pyrenees S pain and n orth o f
Italy
It is n o t indigeno u s in this co u ntry al t h o u gh P l u k en et de
scribed i t as n o t u nfrequ ent abo u t Cambridge H e was evide n tly
M

a l a d i es

dy

s en

t r i qu

es

Ver d ) for
.

"

B R YO N I A
mistake n

AL

BA

1 03

it was n ot obser v ed by R ay nor has it been fo u nd

since in that neighbo u rh o o d nor in any other part o f G reat
B ritain
L oc A L I T I E s
H edges an d thickets
B esides the B ryo n i a alb a the following are the diff erent
species fo u nd i n vario u s p arts o f the world they al l probably
cont ain the essenti al property o f the pl ant v i z B r y o n i n e
1 B r y on i a d i oi ca
B erries r e d ro o t yellowish white within
leaves p al mate c allo u s s c abro u s o n both sides al tern ate v e
lobed the ter min al lobe the largest and very dissimil ar to the
others ; owers white with eleg ant green ribs an d veins ;
berries glob u l ar scarlet s mooth T h e leaves in au tu mn h ave
the s mell o f mu sk N ativ e o f G reat B ritain an d other parts o f
E u r o pe
2 B r y on i a p a l ma t a
L eav e s pal mate ; berrie s yellowish
N ati v e o f C ey lon
3 B r y on i a l aci n i os a
L eaves palmate ; berry glob u l ar
green N ative o f M alab ar
4 B r y on i a A f r i ca n a
L eaves p al mate ; berry solitary yel
lowi sh
L e aves palmate ro u g h wit h c allo u s
5 B r y on i a C r et i ca
points o n the u pper s u rface root large ru nn ing deep into the
gro u nd ; berry red N ative of Can dia
L eaves semi p al mate rese mblin g
6 B r y on i a B or on en si s
thos e o f the c ommon g ; root and ste ms like those o f the
c ommon B r y ony N ativ e o f B u enos A yres
S te m Shr u bby
7 B r y on i a va r i eg at a
8 B r y on i a g r a n d i s
smooth l arge le aves ro u ndish v e angled n ot lobed owers
large whitish ; berry red N at ive of India an d Cochin C hina

v
L eaves cordate
lobed petioles
9 B r y on i a c or dif ol i a
long with t wo teeth at the base o f the le af N at ive o f Ceylon
N ative o f the E ast Indies
1 0 B r y on i a ma d er asp a t an a
N ati v e o f the E ast Indies
1 1 B r y on i a s c a br el l a
1 2 B r y on i a s ca br a
N ati v e o f the Cape o f G ood H ope
N ative o f A fric a
1 3 B r y on i a n an a
,

as

'

FL O R A

1 04

H O M GE O P A T H I C A

ative of A frica
L eaves smooth deep green above
1 5 B r y on
rather gla u co u s beneath l arge c ord ate root tender white
and bitter ; ste m long angu lar t w ining pointed with a leaf a
tendril and a ower at e ach j oint ; owers greenish with o u t
white within ; berries oval abou t the si z e o f an olive red
N ative o f the A ntilles
N ative o f J apan
1 6 B r y on i a J ap on i c a
N ati v e o f J amaica
1 7 B r y on i a r a c emosa
L eaves cordate an gled ; berries
1 8 B r y on i a ver r u cosa
glob u lar
L eaves su b t r i l ob at e hairy drawn to
1 9 B r y on i a l a t ebr os a
a point at the base N ative O f the C anaries
S tem angu lar smooth ; berries
20 B r y oni a a mp l exi c au l i s
s olitary the si z e o f a haz el n u t N ati v e o f the E ast Indies
2 1 B r y on i a h a s t a t a
L eaves hastate edged wi th little
teeth ; berry s mall red N ative of C hin a ab ou t Canton
2 2 B r y on i a t r i l oba
N ative o f Cochin C h i na
P A R TS U S E D I N ME D I C I N E A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
The root mu st be taken befo r e the plant o wers there fore
be fore the month of J u ne and the j u ice is to be expressed
from it and prepared according t o the mode previo u sly men
t i on e d o f preparing the recent plant
The root has a very
nau seating biting taste and dis agre eable s mell It grows some
times to a g reat siz e and has been sold as the r o ot o f the M an
drake by herbalists T h e root o f the B ry on ia alba is s omewhat
different t o that of the B ryonia dioica being mo re branched
an d more c o vered with t u bercles
*
P O I S O N OU S E FFE C TS O r l a (T or G en vol i p 6 7 9)
made the followin g experiments on the r o o t o f the B ryonia
u po n
animals
H e applied t w o o u n ces fou r grains o f the
ne powder of the dry root o f B ryo n ia to the cellu l ar tiss u e
o f the external part o f the thigh o f a g o od si z ed d o
The
g
14 B r y
.

on

i a A by ssi n i c a
i a A mer i ca n a

'

3
ar e

Th
th

u cu r

e co l o c

bi t

acea
e ar e

h by
,

on

i a,

g en
an

er al l y

el at er i u

ar

ml es s

Th

e c

hi

pt i

ef exce

on s

t o t is

ru le

BR Y ON I A

AL

BA

1 05

animal died in abo u t S ixty ho u rs witho u t having appe ared

to experience other sympto ms th an a very severe p ain O n
opening the body there w as no lesion o f the aliment ary c anal ;
the lu ngs were so u nd ; the me mbr ane operated u pon exhibited
an inammation so extensive that it was terminating in su p
,

pu

r at i on

In another experiment he introdu ced into the stomach O f a

s mall dog h alf an o u nce o f the dry root nely pu l v er l z e d and
tied the oesophag u s A fter fo u r ho u rs the ani mal di d not appear
t o be at all affected b u t was fo u nd dead the next morning
The blood which lled the ventricle o f the heart was coag u l ated ;
the l u ngs slightly crepitant were o f a reddish colo u r an d c on
t ai n e d a considerable qu antity o f blood
the sto mach very red
a t the exterior contained ne arly all the inj ected powder ;
the
mu co u s me mbrane o f a ery red presented here and there
bl ackish spots n o t u l cerated the interior o f the large intestines
was mu ch inamed ; the other p arts o f the digestive c an al
were scarcely inamed T h e s ame experiment was repeated
with three o u nces o f water in which had been infu sed fo r fo u r
ho u rs h alf an o u nce of the root o f powdered B ryony T hirteen
ho u rs after the animal did not see m t o experien c e any other
sympto ms than a great state of debilit
u t few e fforts
m
b
he
ade
y
t o move b u t had no vertigo ; he died in the ni g ht
O n ex
aminatio n the next day the heart was distended by a consider able
qu antity of blood partly coagu lated and partly u id ; the l u ngs
a li ttle red c ontained u id blood ; the mu c ou s membr ane o f
the sto mach was o f a cher ry red over its whole extent inclu ding
t h e rectu m
The other intestines except the c ommencement
o f the d u oden u m were nearly in a nor mal state
S y mp t oms on M a n I n a co mmu nication in the G az et t e d e
S an t S ept 1 8 1 6 there is an acco u nt o f a wo man w h o had j u st
been conned and the vill age d o ctor had ordered her fo r the
p u rpose o f stopping the milk a drau ght c o mposed o f abo u t an
o u nce o f B ryony r o o t i n a pint o f w ater and a lavement made
F ou r h ou rs
o f a c on ce n trat e d dec o ction o f the same s u bstan ce
,

1 06

FLO R A

H O M (E O P A T H 1 C A

after she died O n in spection o f the matters which h ad be en

passed it was perceived that the whole o f t h e lining me mbran e
o f the rectu m had co me away
A n inspection o f the body was
not allowed
P y l mentions a fatal c ase o f po i soning with it at Cambray in
F rance T h e su bj ect was a man who took two glasses o f an
infu sion of the root t o cu re ag u e and was soon aft er s ei z ed
with violent tor mina and p u rging which nothin g co u ld arrest
and which soon ter min ated fat ally (N eu es M ag az i n t 3 p
M any ob s ervers attest that the ad ministr ation o f B ryony is
foll o w ed by violent vo mitings acco mpanied by faintings severe
pains and ab u ndant sero u s alvine dej ections thirst etc
T hese facts le a d u s t o think 1 s t th at the B ryony acts on
man as u pon ani mals ; 2 n d th at the effects appe ar t o depe nd
an d u pon the sympa
u pon the inammation th at it de v elopes
thetic irrit ation of the nervo u s syste m u pon its absorption ; 3r d
th at it is in the sol u ble portion in the w ater its deleterio u s
property resid es
B ryonia owes its po w er to an extractive matter discovered by
B rande and F i r n h ab er to which the name B r y o n i n e is given
A ccording to the experiments o f C ollard de Martigny B r y o n i n e
acts on the sto mach and on a wo u nd e xactly as the root itself
b u t more e nergetic ally when intr o du c e d into the cav ity o f the
ple u ra it c au ses rapid death by tr u e ple u risy ending in e ffu sion
B i bl i ot h equ e M d i ca l e 1 8 2 7 p
O f brin (N ou n
M E D ICA L US E S (H O M CE O P A T H I C )
The resemblance o f the
e ffects o f B ryonia to those o f R hu s cannot be mistaken B r y
onia also totally ch anges the disposition o f the mind T h e
fe v er it ca u ses is chiey manifested by chilliness its sy mptoms
a p ear and a r e increased in a pec u liar manner while the body
p
is in motion altho u gh it is not u nco mmon t o percei v e its alter
nate effects in the relie f o f the sympto ms by repose
F r om this it follo w s that in the u se o f Bryon ia cases may
occ u r in which the medicine tho u gh per fectly ho moeopathic
and given in a s mall dose does not prod u ce the expected
.

B R YO N I A

AL

BA

1 07

res u lts for t wenty fo u r ho u rs becau se there has appeared only

one series o f sympto ms which correspond with its alternate
e ffects In this c ase a second d o se given at the end o f twenty
fo u r ho u rs prod u ces amelioration an d the opposite range o f
effects in the s ame man ner that a second dose o f any other
medicine given directly after the rst ter minates its action
V ery fe w other s u bstances present this pheno menon b u t it
is not u nu s u al with B ryonia W hen B ryonia is not perfectly
ho moeopathic the inj u rio u s consequ ences occasioned by it are
generally re moved by R h u s or some other appropriate medi
cine o r at least b y Camphor
A ccording t o the a mple list o f symptoms excited by B ryoni a
in he althy persons we may form vario u s states o f artici al
disease corresponding ex actly w ith many o f the co mmon mala
dies especi ally with cert ain fevers and many kinds o f sp as ms
pert aining t o wo men ; u pon which may be f o u nded the ex
T h e c u rative effects o f
pe c t at i o n o f ho moeopathic s u ccess

B ryonia ar e there fore very extensive (H a h n ema n n M a t M ed

P u r a art B r y on i a )
B ryonia is
C L I N I C A L O B S E R V A TI O N S
N 0 a 0 h : a n d T r i n ks (1
espe cially s u itable to nervo u s dry S lender and bilio u s indi
vi d u al s with a choleric te mper ament ; t o people with brown
complexion brown or bl ack hair irritable character and dis
position to inammation o f the d er mo u s tiss u es In dis eases o f
women and children B ryonia is especially serviceable as it
corresponds with great irritability little energy constancy o f
reaction inclination to e ffu sions and a ccu mu lations o f lymph
B ry o ni a
nervou s dise ases and likewise active co n gestion
excites both the peripher al nerves and capillary ves s els
giving rise to sympto ms inter medi ate between inammation an d
nervou s irritation It is especi al ly indicated in affections where
resorption is necessary ; in typhoid i n l t r at i on s sero u s e ffu sions
and su g i l l at i o n s It is most ser viceable in affections where the
c at arrh al pit u ito u s and rhe u mati c char ac ter prev ails o r where
syn o chal sy mpto ms pass into the nervo u s st age ; likewise
-

1 08

FL OR A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

'

in a e c t i on s o f a typhoid ch aracter Morbid affections bro u ght

on by catching cold in dry cold weather and sharp wind B ad
consequ en c es o f ch agrin ang er excessive bodily exertio n and
a sedentary mode o f life condi tions which are a ccomp anied by
il l hu mo u r an d c hills and coldness o f the b o dy
In dise ases o f
a rhe u matic biliou s and catarrh al natu re A rthritic affections
A r t h r i t i c a nodos a
A c u te rheu matis m D ropsical condi t ions
H ysteric conv u l sions
S o me c u taneo u s affections R heu matic
and rheu matic gastric fevers with great action o f the circu l atory
syste m an d incre ased sensibil it y A cu te rhe u matis m especially
when concentrated in wrist elbow knee an d ankle j oint with
Intermittent fevers with gastric
h o t and b u rning swellings
distu rbance with rhe u matic affections incre ased by motion an d
inclin atio n to c o nstipation Tertian ag u e F ever s mostly in
the cold stage G astric bilio u s mu co u s and nervou s fevers
The synoch al fevers verging on typhu s F eb r i s nervos a versa
tilis A bdominal typhu s (altern ating with R hu s ) D ifferent
kinds o f fevers gastric biliou s and typhu s Irritative sensi
bi l i t y o f the tong u e (everything t astes salt)
L oss o f appetite
Milk fever H eadache bro u ght on by a e c t i o n s o f
an d t a ste
the mind an d fro m cold
Ge ph al al g i a and t e ar l n g headache in
fe males Megrim an d h emi cr an i a F r o n t al h ead ach e E ncephalitis
meningitis an d arachnitis Cerebral affections t h e sequ el ae o f
cholera Blee di ng o f the nose fro m cold wi t h gastric a e c t i on s
E pistaxis o f an active kind R he u matic inammatory toothache
Chronic c ardialgia S u b ac u te
G astric affectio ns
S to mac ace
inammation of the liver J au n d i c e Chronic abdo min al affec
Colic especi ally o f an inammatory kind ; attacks of
t ions
colic o f pregnant and l y ing i n wo men
H ysteric al spas ms
P eritonitis mu sc u laris P eritonitis P u erperal peritonitis (after
A conite ) Di arrh oea br o u ght on fro m cold and i n sprin g and
au tu mn O bstin ate co n stipation Cholera A siatic a when the
liver is the chie f seat of the affection S p asmodic l abo u r pains
M etrorrhagia
G alactorrhoea (after B elladonna h as been tried
w ith o u t avail )
Mastitis whe n the mammae are very h ard ;
.

B R YON IA

AL

BA

1 09

painfu l knotty breasts owing to s u ppression o f the secretion

Inammator y
o f milk in n u rsing wo men
B ron c hial cat arrh
aff ections o f the org ans o f respirati o n especi ally when ac c o m
A c u te and chronic bron
p an i e d by darting stitching p ains
In u enz a with c o u gh an d when co u ghing mu ch head
ch i t i s
a che
C hronic c o u gh when e x c ited by the le ast irritation
C onv u l sive co u gh with stitching p ains in the c hest d u ring an d
after the attack R he u matic i n ammat i on s of the chest l u ngs
and ple u ra wi th a low nervo u s condi t ion an d g astric co mpli
c ation S ero u s o r mu scu l ar ple u risy P arenchy mato u s pne u
monia P ne u monia after the in ammatory sy mpto ms have been
s u bd u ed b y A c onite P ne u moni a bilios a It mu st be borne in
mind th at B ryoni a will not be s u fcient witho u t the help o f
A conite in these affec tions an d other medicines in altern ation
P h l eg
A sthmatic conditions
A c u te rhe u matis m o f the oints
mo n o u s ina mmation o f the feet
A N TI D O T E S
A c onite
N u x vo mic a
C hamo mill a Ign ati a
It antidotes Al u min a and R hu s A ccording to D u long T inc
t u re o f G all n u ts is an antidote ag ainst the poisono u s effects o f
B ryonia
A s in all c ases o f poisoning b y irrit ants all e metics
vineg ar etc mu st o n n o acco u nt be ad ministered
,

X III

C A LE N DU L A O F F IC I N A L IS f

M
ARI C OL D )
(
.

YN O N YM S C l t h

au r eu

S ol i s

FO R E I G N

bl

me

la

at

th

C al t

h v lg
a

Ver r u car i a

L e S ou ci d e J ar i n

Du t

R u ss

G o u d b l o em
og o t k i

Ger m

I t al

B au h i n

ar i s,

Fl o s omn i u m men si u m

O r d er , C

f ci n al i s , M

o n sa .

AME S

C al en

at

T o d t en b l u me

Sp a n

D i e G emei n

dl

C al en

S ol s eg i n

Fi or e

a,

R i n g el

mese

og n

O R YM B I F E R E

J u ss

SY

N E C E SS A R

IA

N GE N E S A

P O L YG A M I A

pri ght wi t h m ro li r l c o
l t
di k me
e rl y eq
l di vi i o
l l r di t ; or t of t h
C
t b l
r
mi q i q d t h l e g t h of t h c l y x T h e B y t r p
h p d v ry l g t hree t oot h d h i ry at t h b s wi t h t v w i t h
pi t i l s l y S t m of t h e di k l me t e pi l l ry v ry h rt ;
th r th l
gt h of t h t i s rt d i hol l w cy li d r P i t i l f
t h di k germ obl
g t hr
r ered t y l t hr d h p d
rc l y t h e
l e gt h o f t h e t m s ; s t i g m o b t
P i t i l of t h
b i d t r i g h t
y
g rme Obl o g t h cor r d t y l t h ad h p d st i gm t w bl g
mi t r xed
p rm e t l y x v rg i g d
P
i
p th
i r u mf r
d pr d S d i t h
f t h di k
o
th
e
tr
; i
som t i m
b t r r ly
l i t ry
membr
i v r l y h art h p d
omp r
d ; i t h y li t ry l y er bl g i rv d t ri g l r wi t h
m mbr o
gl m rk d t h o t i d l o gi t di l l y wi t h t h g re
f v g t bl
D w
k da d t
e
R
pt l
l
kd Dw o
S E C C HA R R
C l y x w i t h m y di vi
pt
i s
f t h e di k membr o s
S d i t h e i r mf r

GE N

HA R

a e, n

ar

a cu

n a e,

e ss e

ee

es ,

an

e a

F ig

Fl or et

Th

w or

ower s al l t h

dC
e

e c en

e r a

ee s

of

th

al en

la is

r ou

e o

er

s o

on

Fl or et
ro

of

m C al en

ae,

ee

on

an

e en c

an

on

n a

an

an

di k 3 S d v
d th m th b
s

o, o

e ra

e c

n e.

s ca

con

e se

n cu

th

ca

as

n e

ac e n a

ec e

e s,

n er

an

ea

ca

an ou s ,

r e

d iv d f
.

e en c e o

on

cu

e r ay

n on

ac e n a

ear

so

car

so

e,

ece

er

u se,

n e e

a e

u s an

s on

ee - co n

en

or e

r ee-

ess e

on

s a

ou

n u

a e,

an

e s

a e

n ea

u s

n u

en

en s

en

ly

or o

n e ar

u e

e s

n s

u n

on

on

se

mpl e

u a

an

a l y x si

o u s,

es s el

s,

(mag n i ed)

ecau se

th

pl

an

C ALE N

DU L A OFF ICI N A L I S

111

I
T
O
Y
The ancients co n sidered the C lend la
S
R
H
a

d eob st r u

ent remedy exerting a great inu ence o n the circ u lation

D ios c orides reco mmends it in c ancer ; an d F u ch si u s (H i s t
S t i rp 1 5 46 ) prescribed the j u i c e o f it against toothache
Virgil (B u c ol E cl og ii ) mentions it :
,

Tu

m C aS S I a
b

at

a .

u e a

i s In

M ol l i s L u t eol a i n g i t

t exen

a cc i n

s su avr b u s

i a C al t

er b i s

also in describin g its virtu e s re marks

that the
ower s and le aves o f M arigold being distilled an d the water
dropped into red an d watery eyes ceaseth the inammation and

t ake t h away the pains

C alend u la w as forme r ly in mu ch requ est as a medi c ine an d
was u sed more espe c i ally in c arcino ma an d scirrh u s ac cording
to W estring with gre at e ffe c t in the third stage p artic u l arly in
dimini shing the p ain an d rendering the pu s less corroding ;
b u t on fu rther experi ment by others the same e ffe cts were not
produ ced an d there fore it was thrown aside It w as also u sed in
hysteria epilepsy j au ndice and so me kinds o f
c hlorosis
dropsy S c hneider fo u nd it o f gre at e fcacy as a lotion t o fresh
wou nds ind u cing u nion by the r st intention Z orn c ons idered
C alendu l a o f gre at s er vI c e 1 n throwin g o u t the er u ption o f
me asles an d s mall pox and as a topic al application to stop
the bleeding in h aemo r r h o i d e s u en t e s It w as a favo u rite
re medy with B oerh aave w h o e mplo y ed it in u terine dise ases
in dise ases o f the kidney an d j au ndice Its c hie f u se how
e v er w as for c an c er and it w as the principal ingredient in the
famo u s R u st P ill which consisted o f oxide o f iron c olewort
and extr act o f M arigold
W C arter fo u nd the e xtr ac t
an d
o f C alend u l a o f great a s sist ance in O bstin at e v o miting ;
De C am
p in a cas e o f cardialgi a where all medicine s e t c
were vo mited u p owing to a gre at irrit ability o f the s t o mach
M u h r b e ck u sed the extract o f M arigold in c h roni c vomiting
with gre at s u ccess in a c ase where v iolent p ains were felt at
the same ti me in the region o f the u t er u s ; it w as re marked
G e r ar d e ,

FL OR A

112

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

t hat t hese p ains incre a sed when the dose exceed e d thirty fo u r
grains in the twenty fo u r ho u rs It is interestin g to note t h at
E l g afaki st ates th at v iolent v o mitin g e n s u es after t aking fo u r
dr ach ms o f the j u i c e o f M arigold D r S t ein ex t ols t h e e f c ac y
o f this plant in c ancer o f the skin ; he prep ares the j u ice fro m
the green pl ant an d its blosso ms an d makes an ointment with
b u tter and ch arco al w hich is applied t o the u l c er
D E S C R I P TI O N C al e n (l u l a o f ci n al i s is o n e o f t h e most c o m
mon annu als in o u r gardens ; h as a short div aric ated ste m
di v iding l o w into n u mero u s b u sh y br an c hes a foot or t w o in
height p u bes c ent and p ale green as well as the le aves ; these
ar e long a little sin u ated the lower an d middle ones o v al and
bl u nt the u pper ones lanceolate T h e ow er s are r adiate d and
colo u r c o min g o u t at t h e ends o f the br anches
o f a golden
Flowering the gre ater p art O f the s u mmer ; the owers being
open fro m nine in the morni n g to three in the aft ernoon
G E OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I BU TIO N N ati v e o f F r ance ; and fo u nd
in c u l ti v ated gro u nds over the gre ater p art o f E u rope
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D ICI N E A N D M O D E 0 F P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e L ea v es and F lowers
F or internal u s e t h e t inctu re is
prepared as is described u nder A coni t e F or ext ern al appl i
c at ion
D r T h o r e r reco mmends the fol l owing zO n e prep ara
t ion was O bt ained by lling one third o f a clean bottle with the
le av es o f the plant and the other t w o thirds with fresh c lean
well water T his mixtu re w as exposed to the r ays o f the su n
fo r two o r three d ay s t aking care to cork the bottle well the
mo ment o f fermentation being care fu lly watched
In this
w ay a w ater h aving a S lightly aro matic s mell w as O bt aine d
w hi c h w as i mmediat ely o u red o ff an d in bo t t les her metic all
p
y
se ale d w as at on c e c arried into a cool cell ar A noth er pre
r at i o n
a
is O btained by mixin g two thirds o f equ al p ar t s o f
p
al c ohol an d w ater W ith one t hird o f the owers o f M a rigold
T his s econd prepar ation sho u ld be u sed dil u ted le s t the al c ohol
S ho u ld irrit at e the w o u nd
T h e chie f e mploy ment o f C alend u l a h as been as an external
-

'

'

C ALE N

plication

DU L A OFF I C I N A LI S

1 13

incised wo u nds an d is considered a specic fo r

su
g i l l at i o n s blood y and sero u s i n l t r at i o n s o f t h e cell u l ar tiss u e
in O pen wo u nds and u lcers It also deserves notice in tre at
ment o f dise ases o f t h e gl ands ; in tr a u matic in ammation o f
the eyes ; and according to D r T h o r er M arigold is u se fu l
in scro fu lo u s and sclerotic tu mo u rs
H e notices so me inte
resting cases o f the healing virt u es o f C alend u la in exten
sive l aceration o f t h e so ft p arts
O n e case involving the
tendons ; others t h e skin cellu l ar t iss u e and mu s c les H e con
siders the Marigold far s u perior to A rnic a i n healing recent
wo u nds and l acerations wi t h or wi t h o u t lo s s o f s u bstance ; and
A rnica more specic in cont u sions bru ises an d sprains
An
other i mport ant character O f C alend u la is th at it e ffects the
healing o f wo u nds witho u t leav ing any promin ent es char
T h e fol lowing interesting case treated by D r T h or er will
exe mplify the benecial u se o f M arigold A b o y aged sixteen
ye ars was cau ght in the cogs o f a wheel in a mill
Th e
following inj u ries were recei v ed : a co mpo u nd fractu re o f the
le ft u pper ar m the ends o f the bone protr u ding thro u gh t h e
skin ; a deep e sh wo u nd in t h e bend o f the elbow ; the for e arm
was entirely deprived o f its mu scu lar co ating so that t h e u lna
an d radi u s were laid bare fo r abo u t six in ches ; the hand w as
nearly torn o ff and was a dhering to t h e ar m by a s mall piece
o f esh ; the skin an d anterior mu scles o f the right leg were
torn o ff exhibiting a l arge and deep e sh wo u nd which pene
t r at e d to the bone
there were a nu mber o f s mall esh wo u nds
on the face T h e ar m was ampu tated at once above the S plin
t er e d part ; and the eshy parts o f the right leg were covered
with co mpresses moistened with C alendu l a tea These c o m
presses were contin u ed till the cu re w as co mpleted G r an u l a
tion took place wi t ho u t s u ppu ration ; whereas the u s u al s u pp u
r at i v e process set in in t h e stu mp o f the u pper ar m which h a d
O n seeing
been s u bj ected t o the u s u al su rgic al tre atment
the effects of the C alend u la on the leg D r T h or er applied i t
to the ar m and the cic atri z in g process at once co mmenced and
on

ap

FLO R A

1 14

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

E very wo u nd
went on as fav o u rably as it did in the leg
he aled admirably closed by granu l at ion an d was covered with
a n ew S kin T h e boy entirely recovered in se v en weeks
W C had his ngers c au ght in the wheel o f a mill ; the
and t w o j oints o f the ring
a n terior j oint o f the index n g e r
n g er were entirely torn o ff and the eshy p ar t o f t h e tip o f the
middle nger w as likewise carried away a s mall portion of the
bare bone of the second j oint o f the ring n g er h ad re mained
an d the patient w as v ery anxio u s to ha v e it amp u tate d
It w as
le ft however with t h e hope that the gr anu l ation might be
favo u r able and cover this little re mnant o f the j oint wi th eshy
p articles The C alendu l a was applied on the second day after
the occ u rrence o f the accident T h e res u lt o f the applic ation
was ver y satis factory T h e wo u nds did not s u pp u r ate and the
granu lation went on u ndistu rbed to the termination o f the c u re
T h e little spic u lu m o f bone on the ring n g e r had exfoli ated
s lightly at the tip b u t that portion o f the bone which was adh er
i n g to the j oint had beco me co v ered with esh
D r S chu l z has u sed the Calend u la with the most satis factory
res u lts in co mpo u nd fractu res o f the limbs etc It will s u f ce
to remark that in all cases where the eshy parts have been
carried away and the edges o f t h e wo u nd c annot be brou ght
together by plaster the A qu ae C al en d u l ae is the best applica
tion as a wash T h e s u pp u rative process which is so exhau sting
in l arge wo u nds is either ent irely prevented o r very mu ch
S hortened and diminished b
u la w ash
the
Calend
C
end
la
a
l
u
y
may als o be u se fu l in ind u ration o f sto mach and u teru s
.

X IV

D R YO B A L A N O P S

YN ON YM S D

mph

or ea,

FO R E I G N
K amph

ph

or

er

S an

AM E S

s cr

C A M P HO R - T R E E

ph

a an o

F r

ar

C am

os b.

ph

re

S wed

pu r a

or a ,

P t er y g i u

C am

K amfer

it

bl

i fer a, R

or

Du t

ry o

C AM PH O RA

THE

m t er es

Gafur

bl

a an o

mat i ca,

s ar o

G dr t n

fo r a

an

D an

Hi n d

Dr y

K amfer t

a b.

Ar

C o l ebr

I t al

a
le

Sp a n

ph

Al

a u r

er

can

Ger m :

R u ss

fo r

al a

K am

Ka

u r

ar u s .

GE N

at

HA R

wi t

c ap,

G UT T I F E

O r d er ,

al

y
li

ve

v vd

S PE
o

HA R

bt

u sel y

a cu

min

ca u c ou s

POL YA N

mose

o n e -c el l e

wi n

sc a

t,

an en

O N OGY N I A

gd

l ar

en

s ol i t a

in t o

ry

S eed

D R IA

mbr y

gi bb

ve

or o l l a

ou s

et all e

co n

ver

s e,

l at e, l on

v d p rm

on e -l ea e

C ap su l e t ree al
w i t ou t
eri s erm

R ZE

ea 0 6 8 su

p ri r
e

ti

at e, en

re

et i o l es s

feri or on es O pp osi te

in

al t e n at e,

hort

pai

S t ip u l es i n

ell i

r s , su

pt i

c,

u l at e,

I S T O R Y Camphor

nknown to t h e ancients b u t the

A rabi an physicians A vicenna and S erapion S peak of it u nder
the name o f K aph or S prengel (H i s t d e l a M ed t ii p 2 38 )
considers that S i meon S eth (D e A l i men t F acu l t ) gives t h e
earliest record o f it N o me di cine has b e en S O mu ch u sed in
var i o u s diseases as C amphor : it h as been generally an ingre
dient in al most every prescription and advised fo r affections
H

w as

'

F ig

w as

Th

er i an

an

ph i f d i
b l p C mph
pp d f m l y t

C
Dr y

a an o

su

mer c e

or

o se

ou n

or

man

o r a an

er

ca

su

d th

be t h

le

pl

an

e on

Th

e ca

t s, b u t

on

au r u s

C am

ly

pl

an

su l e,

t r an

l y i n t wo i n

ph

t wh i c

o r a,

an

or

y i el

dd
e

er s e sect i on

y g r eat

ph

th

or

Th

u an

t i t i es,

vi z

L au

r el ,

h h

mp h or

w ic

of c o

1 16

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

the most opposite in their char acter in fevers in inammat ory

di seases in the ex anthe mat a in mani a melancholi a an d other
forms o f ment al disorders ; in spas modic affections ; irritation
poisoning ; chroni c rhe u
o f t h e u r in ary and sex u al org ans ;
mat i sm an d go u t ; c holer a ; and as an exter n al re medy fo r a
variety o f diseases
T h e following re marks tr anslated fro m N oack and T rinks
introd u c tion to ar t C amphor in H om A r z n ei mi t t el l eh r e are
A ccording t o S u n d el i n (H a n d bu ch
extre mely interesting
p 1 46 ) and others Camphor
2 n d edit
H ei l mi t t el
Sp ec
from the no s e e ars
o f blood
kidn e ys and
ex c i tes o w
v ol iii p 37 0)
u ter u s ;
b u t R ichter (C om P h ar macol
reco mmen ds it ag ainst hemorrhages ; and E t t mu l l er c u red
a d an g er o ri s metrorrhagia with it N e ii man n (Sp ec P a t h ol
vol i pp 1 06 7 9 7 ) says :
It
2 n d edit
T h er ap
et
has been de monstrated that C ampho r excites perspiration ;
nevertheless we see among persons w ith ac u te rhe u matis m
who deliqu esce witho u t alleviation that this perspiration

ce ases as soon as they tak e C amphor ; and ag ain :

The
oper ation is cert ain ; the violent S we at and fever moder ate
t hemselves al most immediately ; the gre atest di aphoretic re medy
G reiner also besides many others r e c o m
lessens diaphoresis
mends it ag ainst colliqu ative sweatings S ie merling observe d
very pro fu s e swe atings after the u se o f Camphor
S c hmu cker pr aises Camphor as a prophylac tic o f hyd r o
phobia (S ch n ei d er s W ar n h au s d W un d A r a v ol ii p
S elle makes it an ingredient o f his potio an t il y s sa G A
R ichter (1 c p 37 5 ) re marks that it appears likel y to be o f great
S ervice in sympto matic hydrophobi a ;
and A lix asserts having
c u red a declared hydrophobia with C amphor (O bs C h i r Fasc
iii p 1 7 7 E K r ug el st ei n D i e G esch d H u n d wu t h et c p
B ru mwell relates o f a dog evincing S igns o f hydrophobi a
after ha v ing Ca mphor given h i m M ed O bs er v a n d I n
vol
u ir
(
q
vi p 2 2 9 ; M u r r ay 1 c p
The animals on which C ar
minati an d M eng h ini experi mented with C amphor w ere take n
,

C A M PH O R A

1 17

rst with giddiness then with r age st u p or dread rattl i ng i n

the thro at sighing scre aming fo aming at the mo u th s obbing
trembling c on v u lsions an d even epilepsy (Co mp M u r r ay 1
pp 47 5 48 0 48 7 5 04 5 1 7 5 1 9 e t c) P ereira (M a t er i a
M ed i c a vol ii p 7 9 2 ) men t ions th at C amphor dissolved in oil
and administered to dogs h as prod u ced tetanic convu lsions
P u rkinj e and A lexander fel l into con vu lsions on swallo w ing
C amphor
S i mmons saw i n a mani ac to who m he gave C am
phor in grad u ally au gmented doses an epileptic t co me on
after p assing thro u gh which the p atient reco vered his senses
N evertheless Camphor
(R i ch t er s C h i r B ibl vol vii p
h as acqu ired a great name in spas modic diseases in tetanu s
epilep s y and S t V it u s s d ance M u rr ay s ay s o f C amphor :

an d
E pi l e pt i ci s bene mu ltis o p e m fert
S pasmos s ol v i t
b
s
L
och er i
O
l
pp
he
even
cites
a
case
4
8
5
c
(
(
p
where an epilepsy o f three years standing
P r a et
had been c u red by Ca mphor T h at C amphor prod u ces i n am
mations o f the organs is as well known as th at it disperses the m
B ar t h e z reco mmends it as an antiphlogisti c in S preading i n am
In i n ammat i on i b u s i n t er n i s s u mmo c u m fr u c t u pr o
mations :

pin ari q u otidie vi d emu s (Sp i el man n i I n st i t M at M ed A r

I n general
gentor 1 7 7 4 p
D Or ff u r t observes :
C amphor is said to have been e mployed with great s u ccess in
all inammatory dise ases where there is a qu ick and lively

pu lse and the blood circ u lating with di f cu l ty (Di ss er t on

O n the other
C a mp h or W i t t en b an d Z erbst 1 7 9 3 p
h and G eoffroy mentions that Camphor disposes t h e blood to
inammation (v ol ii p
M u rr ay (1 c p 37 0) relates
th at C armin ati an d M enghini fo u nd o n dissecting the an imals
destroyed by Camphor th at the me mbranes o f the brain
the lu ngs heart vessels an d intestines were inamed ; while
he himself adds at p 47 7 : P r ot r act i o r i au te m ac t i o n e i n
ammat t am p artes in qu ar u m immediato c o n t ac t u est qu am

L evat e t
alia s r e mo t i or es ;
b u t at p 49 4 he s ays ag ain :

e xi mi e internas
P o u t e au calls C amphor a
i n ammat i o n e s
,

FLO R A

1 18

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

specic in all erysipelat o u s i n ammat i on s an d many other pr ae

t i t i on er s down to the pre s ent time agree with h i m (M el an g es d e
V ogt howe v er pres u pposes that it is u niversally
C h ir p
kn own how inj u rio u s Camphor c u shions are on actively inamed
erysipelato u s p arts ; also in erysipelas acco mpanying w ou nds
H orn again s ays th at in so me i n ammat i on s
an d u l cers
C amphor h as it is tru e acted benecially b u t he says it mu st
be borne in mind that most i n ammat i on s whether wi th or
witho u t fever depend u pon a diminu tion o f the vital activity
B
r a c t P h ar m
d
P
erlin
1
5
p
S
pposing
80
b
n
d
H
a
u
(
t h at to be re ally the case why S h o u ld bleedings then be ordered
in the greater n u mber o f i n ammat i o n s which accords le ast
!
m
a
inished vit l activity
S tahl (M a t er i a M ed i ca
o f all with di
D resden 1 7 44 vol i p 7 8 ) has de monstrated th at Camphor is
a s u pp u r ative T h e dissecting reports o f Carmin ati Me n ghini
an d O r l a prove t hat it produ ces corrosions and gan greno u s
P T S chneider P au lu s and others expressly men
u l c ers
tion th at it ex c ites inammation mor t i c at i on an d g an grene ;
yet wh at medicine has been more extolled fo r gangreno u s
t u mou rs than Camphor ! Camphor has been fou nd to be an
import ant re medy in inammatory as well as nervou s and
typhoid fevers In this respect M u rray says (1 c p
Q u amvi s c al i d ae i n d ol i s S i t in qu i b u sd am feb r i b u s t amen

and (p
De i n ammat o r i i s feb r i b u s pr aeci pu e
e mi n e t
u a
q
e
su b e a p u l s u s velocitate v i o r e u e e t stasi s ang u inis
t
u m
q
g
o b t i n et
d u b i t ar i posset S i r at i o c i n i i s u n ice i n h aer er e fas esset
A st met u m am minu it e xpl o r at a C amph o r ae in i n ammat i o n i b u s

e xt e r n i s d i s c u t i en d i s virt u s
A ccording t o F r H o me (C l i n
one can expect no ad v an
Ver s T r an s L eipsic 1 7 8 1 p
t age from the u s e of C amphor (which renders very good servi ces
in diseases of an inammatory kind) in nervo u s fevers as being
diseases o f an opposite so to say an t i i n ammat o r y nat u re he
there fore conclu des Camph o r w ou ld be inj u rio u s even in ner
vo u s fever O f a contrary O pinion are S toll V ogel R eil and
many others Friedl ander calls there fore Camphor a H eros
,

C A M PH O R A

1 19

in malign ant p u trid and typhoid fever s J Or g expresses

H ei l mi t t
himself thu s in his M a t er ei n
p 27 1 :
ln
conseq u ence o f the qu ality o f irritating the brain an d c au s
ing acc u mu l ation o f blood in it C amphor h as certainly
o ft en done gre at inj u ry in typhu s when this h as pu t 0 11

It is tr u e
more the charac t er o f inammation o f the brain
C amphor ex c ites apoplectic S oporo u s states b u t it is also k n o w n
to h av e b een e mployed fo r re moving the same H u n n i u s cites
cu red by inj ections o f C am
a c ase o f sopor at its highest pit ch
phor into the median veins (H uf el a n d s J ou r n a l v ol xxii st 4
p
C a mphor
B u t G A R i c hter observes (l c p
mu st gener all y speaking be e mployed with so me cau tion in apo

ple xy as it O per ates almost narcotic al ly in l arge doses

H ere
we h ave it distinctly stated th at in l arge doses it produ ces as i t
were apoplexy ; b u t when e mployed wit h c au tion that is in
s mall doses it brings abo u t cu re C amphor is an acknowledged
chie f remedy in mania an d mel an c holy ; yet it h as avowe dl y
in many inst ances excited or aggravated both those forms o f
disease S immons e ffected the c u re o f a maniac with C am
phor after an aggr avation o f the st ate h ad been rst i n
C u llen (M at M ed t r an s by H ah n eman n
d u c e d by it
L eipsic 1 7 90 v ol ii p 338 ) relates a case o f madness (n o t o f
was bro u ght abo u t by
an
asthenic kind ) in which the c u re
an d
H ahne mann re marks there u pon th at He had
C amphor
witnessed t w o similar cases b u t th at, in melancholic madness
co mbined with general debility and slu ggishness of the
whole body he had in several c ases O bt ained n o help
A dvers u s mani am fere S pec i ci t i t u l u m
from C amphor

C amphora
af r mat
ob t i n u i t
t ame n
K i n n ea r qu od salte m
contra et pl et h or i ci s
c al i di s
fr i g i di s c or por i b u s c on v en i at
.

et

n oc eat

mo r b u m o mn i n

au

e at

(R

Vog el , H i st

at

We
edit n o va F r an c of e t Lips 17 6 4 p
re ad in S tahl (l e p
A mong those who s u ffer
fro m phrenitis and rave
Camphor h as been given with

benet B u t Q u ar i n says
S u nt q u i magn as doses n o n fer u n t
M ed

FL OR A

1 20

sine

H O M cE O P A I H I C A

nimi a p u l s u s

ibu s

ap u t
c
con
g

M
ed en d
v u l si o n i b u s e t
M
et h o d
ebr
p
h
r en i t i d e l e t h al i
F
(
p
A c c ording to P inel E squ irol an d others C amph o r is
serviceable in certain kinds o f mental disorder and in others
inj u rio u s
In M u rr ay (1 c p 504 ) t here is the following
passage : N o n mi r o r al i qu os C amphora s u mt a in maj ore m
fu rore m r aptos vel qu ietos ante jam repente delirass e v el con
pro u t ille an g er c u j u s C ar minati me mi n u i t ex
v u l s i v o s fu isse
B u r se r i u s v on K amt fel d ad
r e t r o g r e ss a man i acu s
s cab i e
v ises Camphor to be applied where the se n s i b i l i t as nervea is
d iminished and not where the i r r i t ab i l i t as is a u gmented ; Fried
l ander O bserves there u pon : B u t who does not know th at in
man i aci s the sensibil it y o f t h e whole body is di min i shed being
au g mented
in its principal se at the brain
W ere on e to
madmen wo u ld be driven
a d minister Ca mphor in this state

into r aving madness

T L enh ard says : It is hardly to be
believed that medical men sho u l d be capable o f s u ch i mbecility
as to prescribe C amphor for p atients in madness
by the u se o f
C amphor these patients are only rendered more frantic de

ranged and melancholy (D brf u r t 1 c p

A ccording to
N e ii man n (l
vol iv p
it is perhaps I n no variety
of
mania pos sible t o s u ppress the malady so eas ily in its
rst co mmen c e ment as in the mania pu er per al i s that occa
s i on al l
o u t in ch ild bed
breaks
and
th
at by means o f C am
y
ph o r
A ccording to K rau s (P h i l os
P h ar ma col
P r a ct
the reco mmend ations o f Camph or fo r
1 8 31 p
G o et t
cr amps in child bearing fo r man i a particu larly mania li bidi nos a
and fo r diseases o f semin al irritation in gener al as also fo r
n arcotis m p articu larly when proceeding fro m O piu m are pro
du cts o f ser vile i mplicit faith
S iemerling observed aft er
C amphor intoxi c ation o f the second degree
the pheno
men a that Camphor produ ces in t h e organis m have an extra
ordin ary analogy w ith those produ ced by spiritu o u s liqu ors
B arkhau sen ( O bs er va t i on s on D r u n ken M a d n ess B re men 1 8 2 8
p 1 1 2 ) has never t heless S een Camphor o ft en u sed and h as

ac c el e r at i o n e

es t i o n

c on

ad

C A M PH O R A

12 1

hi mself u sed it w ith be n et in deliriu m t r e mens Q u ar i n

o f C a mphor
l
p
warns
agai
st
too
large
doses
as
c
5
7
n
(
)
o c u l o s torvo s i n am
i t amo n g other things prod u ces al so
pp 4 95 5 23) pr aises t h e latt er i n
matos
M u rr ay (1 e
i n ammat i o n s o f the eyes an d eyelids ; wherein man y agree
wit h h i m an d among others M ost (E n cy cl op P ocket Voc a b of
who
P r a ct P h ar m R os t o c k an d S ch w erin 1 8 4 1 p
advises the u s e o f C amphor fo r re c ent and old O phth almi a
c at arrh ali s an d rhe u matic a
A ccording to M ore au C amphor
acts in O phth al mia milit aris altern ately stimu lat ing an d cal m
by e x c iting in t h e p art it co mes into contact wi t h
in g
w armth redne s s an d s u ch b u rning p ain th at the eye i n
s t an t l
y swi ms in tears an d where as the b u rning and te ars
are only transitory the redne s s and irrit ation disperse an d
t h e b u lb u s ret u rns to its nor mal condition (A n n a l es d O cu
l i s t e et G y n ecol og i c v o l i l i v r 20 in S ch mi d t s A n n u ar y v ol

xx v iii
N o
In otalgi as s ay s K r au s (l c p
o n e c an only expect aggra v ation fro m t h e c u sto mary p u tting o f
C amphor into the e ars whi c h also generally proves to be the

c ase
T h at C amphor ind u c es s ali v ation h as been e v idenced
by the experi ments o f V incen z o Menghini (C ommen t d e
B on on i en s S ci en t et A r t I n s t i t
p
b u t that it re moves
saliv ation parti cu larly the merc u ri al is also well known
F riedlander c all s the S pecic virtu e o f Camphor ag ainst mer
cu ri al s aliv ation an d str ang u ry after c anth arides ctitio u s
an d
B y the ide a o f sp ecif i c there c an be nothing else u nder
adds
stood than the ac tion o f a s u bst ance on a formation o f the body ;
now this ac tion is at all ti mes by the organic l aws o f animal
life sti mu l ation ; consequ ently C amphor o u ght r ather to au g
ment th an re s tr ain t h e ag e n c ies o f b oth the above s u b st ances ;
me anw hile i f s u c h is the c ase the phenomenon mu s t then

proceed fro m another he aling principle o f C amphor

The
fac t contested by F r i e dl an d e r is est abli shed an d (as is p artly
e v iden c ed by the above ) the principle o f ho moeopat hy expl ain s
the incide n t C amph o r produ ces inammatory irritation in
.

'

'

1 22

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

the u rinary organs

A ccording to S c u dery C amphor ca u ses
str angu ry (A n n a l i Un i ver s d i M ed 1 8 2 9
as also
a ccording
to E mmeri ch and H eberden who observed in
t w o cases
str ang u ry after the u s e o f Camphor Ye t C am
phor has gained a great n ame fo r str ang u ry especi ally th at
which is pr o du ced by c antharides M ason G ood (S t u dy of
L ond 1 8 34 vol iv p 35 0) calls C am
M ed i c i n e 4 t h edit
phor a diu retic an d sedati v e an d th at hence it has Often
Been e mplo y ed with great benet i n strang u ry especi ally in
that prod u ced by cantharides R ob W ill i s (D i s eas es of t h e
Ur i n a r y S y s t em) considers Camphor indispens able in i n am
mat ions fro m cantharides an d a pr I n ci pal re medy in rhe u matic
H o me (C l i n i ca l E xp er
et c
i n ammat i o n s o f the kidney
p 33) s ays o f the antido t ary virtu e of C amphor against
c antharidal str ang u ry
I sho u ld wish we co u ld always g u ide

o u rselves by s u ch s u re experience in the art o f pharmacy

O n the other hand J Or g (l c p 26 9 ) opines gro u nding on
his experience :
J u st as little is C a mphor able to afford
benet in the inammatory irritation o f the u ropoetic organs
which are produ ced by c antharides whether u se d inwardly or

o u twardly
In G eoffroy (1 c p 7 7 9) we re ad the following
It is the tr u th and not to be denied th at there h ave been so me
people in who m the natu ral fa cu lty has been weakened and
stied by t o o long a u se o f Camphor and o n the other hand
there ar e many w h o have had reco u rse t o this resin fo r su p
pressing lu stfu l desires an d have co mplained o f hav ing been

in consequ ence mu ch more tormented with those desires

A ccording to H oppe (S y s t em of P h ar m L eipsi c 18 37 vol ii
p
C amphor c au ses sens u al pollu t ions an d strengthens
consider ably the u rinary an d gener ati v e org ans b u t when there
is we akness and l axness it re moves the sensibilit y and irri
C amphor is c o n
N e ii man n (l c p 15 6 ) observes
t ab i l i t y
to ac t specically o n the diminu tion o f the sex u al
si d e r e d
po wer ; nevertheless we read in the acco u n t s o f O bservers th at
they have tried it o n the mselves and have fo u nd it to incre ase
,

C A M PH O R A
that p o wer

(Co mp are thi s with

K r an h h
d
W ei bes

1 23

urra
y

J Or g

edit L eipsic 1 8 2 1
p 2 42) places C amphor almost o n an equ ality with the chie f
stimu lants and say s
A n d fu rther we know also now fo r c er
tain that C a mphor possesses no pec u liar property o f lowering
the sexu al desire as several h ave believed and as the v u l g ar
still i magine and there fore the u t ility of this medicine in the
Th e
above mentioned malady (nympho mani a) is re fu te d
case may however occ u r where C amphor does good ser
vice i n nympho mania t o o ; b u t this can only be when it bears
the ch aracter o f debility an d whe n the generat ive syste m is n o

B u t i f there still exists so me irri

longer S O highly irritated
t at i o n and C amphor being at the sa me ti me so gre at a stimu l ant
will n o t then the existing irrit ation be yet heig htened by the
C amphor ! and i f it then nevertheless renders good ser v ices does
not t hat co me to pass on the principle o f ho moeopathy ! V ogt
(P h ar ma cod y n l c p 5 09) re c o mmends Ca mphor in diseases
o f the u rinary and generative organ s with the pheno menon o f
increased irritation o f those parts H u feland (E n ch i r i d M ed
B erl 1 8 36 p 2 8 2 ) co mmends t h e u s e o f C ampho r in ny mpho

mania satyriasis and onanis m :

it is he s ays
tru ly a
s e c i c u m an t a h r o d i si ac u m
and I have seen even atroph y o f
p
p
the testicles arise fr om the co n tin u al internal and external ex

h i b i t i on o f it
A ccording to S elle also (M edi c C l i n 5 t h edit
C amphor u sed frequ ently weakens the
B erl 1 7 8 9 p
gener ati v e fac u lty ; hence i t w as for merly looked u pon in
mon asteries as a s o called mean s o f c h astity J O h C h r S tark
(H an d b z K en n t u H ei l i n IV K r an h h J ena 1 8 00 v ol
ii p 1 29 ) ass u res that in lewd n ess mu ch may be effected
by C amphor re medies among others A ccording t o Fried

l ander C amphor
as is known
h as no S peci c virtu e
against nympho mani a T h e notion th at C amphor is c apable
v itality o f the sexu al org ans an d that it
o f lowering t h e
c an
h ence directly benet in diseases o f those parts w it h
increased sensibility dates probably according to J Or g (M a
(H a n db d
.

2n d

FLO R A

1 24

H O M GE O P A T H I C A

p
fro m t h e fab u lo u s times O f medicine
i t is tr u e we h ave at the present d ay n o t yet
o u t O f which
co mpletely iss u ed
in which latter point at least he is with
ou t do u b t per fec t ly right
T h e dis s ol v ent v irtu e o f C amphor
h as been in many qu arters praised and pro v ed ; an d yet L d sek e
says in his M a t er i a M ed i ca (6 t h edit 1 7 9 0 p
It o ft en
cau ses ind u rations o f the glands p ar t icu l arly conr med ery
sipel as it expel s the acrid matter which c au ses go u t and p ains
in the limbs fro m the p ar t s that co u ld st and the vir u lence
thereof into the Vit als and thereby O ft en c u ts Short life with
the gre atest rapidity
A n d y e t has not Ca mphor been on the
contr ary set forth as an ex c ellent remedy in rheu matismu s
T o all these controversies it re mains t o be a dde d that
vag u s
C amphor was co mbined with other re medies know n to be
prej u dic ial to its workings and to stand in an antidotary
rel atio n to it n amely with O pi u m mercu ry c anth arides and
s altpetre A s regards the latter S c u de ry expressly obser v es
that it di minishes the e ff ect o f Camphor (A r ch G en er d e M ed
1 8 2 9 vol xxvi N O 9 p
I f this co mbination w as made
d esignedly then let u s he ar w h at S choene (P r a et P h ar m
T h e u nion with weak
B erl 1 8 1 5 v ol i p 1 1 7 ) s ays t o it :
f
altpetre
m
edicines
as
s
etc
reco
m
ended
in
or
er
m
m
en i n
g
times mu st be considered a folly \Vh o is there capable o f
so abs u rdly and thinking to co mbine t w o O pposite
ac ting
re medies when t h e action o f t h e one n u l l i es the effect o f the
other ! I f t h e C amphor is tho u ght to act too violently it is
better not to give it at al l ; b u t S ho u ld it be considered n e c e s
sary to ad minister it o n e S ho u ld then begin with the s mallest
dose and o n e w ill be s u re ne v er to err F or children one
may di vide the gr ai n into se v er al p arts being still as s u red o f
obt aining the genu ine e ffect o f one s re med y
This is the very
thing H ahne man n t au ght an d h ad s u ch a co u rse been p u rs u ed
long ag o the ph ar macology o f the 2 000 ye ars o l d science o f
medi c ine wo u ld now h av e been in a better st ate t han is act u ally
the case ; genu ine experience w o u ld h ave been g ained al l
t er i a l

et c

C A M PH O R A

125

hollow hyp otheses banished and the e n or mo u s inj u ry wo u ld

have been avoided which has been done in conseq u ence o f the
ignor ance o f medicaments an d the wholesale w aste o f the m
H ad Camphor always been a dministered in s u itably s mall doses
there wo u ld have been no reason fo r co mplaining S O mani foldly
o f aggr avations o f diseases
especi ally since it was had reco u rse
to so s u rprisingly o ften in s u ch phases o f dise ase as had bee n
seen t o be prod u ced by itself H orn mentio n s (l c p 2 24)
that there is no medicament having so many and so frequ ent
idiosyncratic obstacles thr owing t he mselves in its way as
Camphor and he signies thereby n othing other than h o moeo
pathic aggr av ations whic h c o u ld only have been av o ided by
s u it able s mall doses
The foregoing co mp arison le ads t o the foll owing c o ncl u sions
1 The 2 000 ye ars O l d science o f medic i n e has n o gro u nd fo r
being pro u d o f its fo u ndation in pharmacology when it exhibits
s u ch a B abyl onish c on fu sion s u ch abs ol u te co ntradictions
s u ch partial perve rse n otions and ab stractions as have been
evidenced where t h e best Observers are accu sed by others o f
deception and distortions o f facts
2 Camphor is a medicine which d o es all hono u r to h o moeo
pathy since it has acqu ired the most repu tation in tho se very
diseases which it is o f itself capable o f produ cing in the greates t
similarity as the poisonings d issecting reports experimen ts on
healthy and diseased org anis ms an d the c u res and aggravations
observed therein entirely prove
3 It is the h o mo pat h i c phys ician alone w h o c an possess the
s u fcient in di cation for the e mployment o f medicaments when
the experiences made at t h e S ick bed and the positive sympto ms
coin c ide in so s u rprising a degre e (as in Camphor) where it
is N atu re that spe aks and n o t prej u dices o r the vagar ies o f

hypotheses
D E S C R I P TI O N The D ryobalanops C amph ora is a stately
T h e Camphor is
forest tree gr o wing t o an immense height
fo u nd in mass es in cavities o f the wood o f the tr u nk and
,

FLO R A

126

H O M tE O P A T H I C A

large branches b u t is S O highly pri z ed by the Chinese that

a ccording to Christison
it s eldo m reaches this co u ntry t h at
l
which is fou nd here being the produ ct o f the L au r u s C amph o r a
A S ingle tree will yield fro m eleven t o t w enty two po u nds avoir
d u pois T h e yo u nger trees do n o t yield C amphor b u t ex u de
an oily s u bst ance when c u t
The precise age when this tree begins to yield Camphor is
n o t known ; b u t the yo u ng trees y ield an O il w hi c h has many
The natives have a pecu li ar
o f the properties o f C amphor
mode of t apping the trees to discover i f C amphor exists in the
i nterior
T h e trees are c u t to the heart abo u t eighteen feet fro m the
grou nd u ntil the Camphor is seen and h u ndreds o f trees may
be mu tilated be fore one is fo u nd containing s u fcient qu antity o f
Camphor to make it worth the labo u r o f destroying so enormo u s
a tree It has been asserted o n excellent au thority th at so me o f
these trees in the island o f L ab u an h ave been estimated at 2 5 0
When attained it is felled and c u t into pieces
feet in height
abo u t six feet in length which are again split and the C a mphor
is fou nd in the he art occ u pying a S pace o f the circ u mference
The mode o f proc u ring the Camphor fro m
o f a man s ar m
the L au r u s Camphora is as follo w s
In J apan t h e roots an d wood o f the tree (L au ru s Camph ora )
are chopped u p and boiled with water in an iron vessel to
which an earthen h ead containing straw is adapted the C am
phor s u blimes and condenses on the straw
In Chin a the chopped branches are steeped in water and
afterwards boiled u ntil the C amphor begins to adhere to the
stick u sed in stirring ; the li qu id is then strained and by
standin g the C amphor concretes A lternate l ayers o f d r y
earth nely po wdered an d o f this C amphor are then placed in
a copper basin t o w hich an other inverted one is l u ted and
s u blimation e ffected
,

3*

hi

hi

is

s co u n

try

n ot

an

n ow

as

th

e c ase ;

it is t h

g r eat

u r est

u an

t i t i es

i s g i ven

of

er e

B or n

i n st ea

ean

th

of

mp h or

L au r u

n ow c o
s

me

to

mph or a

C A M PH O R A

1 27

kinds o f C amphor (Camph ora c r u d u s) known

in co mmerce 1 D u tch o r J apan Camphor s u pposed to co me
from B at avia and 2 ordin ary Cru de Ca mphor imported fro m
S ingapore and B o mbay and is c hiey prod u ced fro m the Island
o f F or mosa
R ened Camphor is me t with in the for m o f large h e mi sph e
r i cal o r convex concave cakes per forated in the middle
It is
translu cent ; has a crystalline gran u l ar natu re ; a strong pe ou
liar n ot disagreeable aro matic o d o u r ; and an aro matic bitter
afterwar d s cooling taste It is solid at ordinary temperatu res
so ft and so mewh at to u gh b u t may be easily powdered by the
addition o f a fe w drops o f rectied S pirit It evapor ates in th e
air at ordin ary te mperatu res ; b u t in closed vessels exposed to
light su blimes and crystal liz es on the sides of the bottle It
is comb u stible in the air b u rning with a very sooty ame It is
lighter than water its specic gravity being
Water
diss olves b u t a very s mall portion o f it A lcohol re adily dis
solves i t b u t i f water is added to the solu ti on the C amphor is
precipitated C amphor is readily kno w n by its odo u r an d it
does not blacken in b u rning
G E OG R A PH I CA L D I S T R I BU TI O N
The E astern A rchipelago
In the forests o f B orne o L ab u an and S u matra
P H Y S I OLOGI C A L E FF E C T S O n Veg et a bl es S olu tion s of C am
pho r act in the same deleterio u s manner o n plants as the volatile
oils ; they d estroy the mobility o f the contractile parts witho u t
exciting them an d the vapou r only is s u fcient t o destroy eshy
pl ants and ferns
O n A n i ma l s T h e vapo u r o f Ca mphor proves inj u rio u s to
i n s ect s (the t i n eae which destroy wool excepted)
To amphi
bials (frogs ) the vapo u r proves h u rtfu l cau sing strange move
ments hu rried respirations trembling and stu por T o birds
and mammals it is extremely inj u rio u s i f given in too large doses
It produ ces tetanic spasms in dogs with violent convu l sions like
epilepsy followed by insensibility an d death ( O rj i l a T ox G en
vol i ) S c u dery o f Messina (A n n a l Un i o er s d i M ed vol xxxvi
T here

ar e

t wo

FLO R A

1 28

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

p
c onrms this and re marks that the con v u l sions were
a ttended with a S ing u lar kind o f deliriu m whi c h made the ani
mals r u n u p an d down wi t ho u t app arent cau se as i f they were
mani ac al H e also fo u nd that the u rinary org ans were affected
generally an d fo r the most p art with strangu ry
O n M a mT h e sympto ms it prod u ces in over doses on man
have not been o ften obser v ed ; its effects are singu l arly u ncertain
at one time produ cing most inj u rio u s consequ ences at another
perfectly h ar mless It is a n arcotic o acrid poison its n arcotic
e ffects were S hown in the c ase o f Mr A lexander (E xp er i men t al
w h o in t h e co u rse o f his experiments o n
E s s ay s p 1 2 8
his ow n person w as nearly killed by this poison A fter having
proved by rp r ev i o u s experi ments that a scru ple did not affect
o r c au s e any partic u lar sy mpto m he sw allowed t w o scr u ples
mixed with syr u p o f r o ses ; in twe n ty min u tes he became
lang u id and list les s in an ho u r giddy confu sed and fo rg etfu l ;
all obj ects qu ivered be fore his eyes an d a tu mu l t o f u ndigested
ideas o ated th ro u gh his mind ; at length he lost all c onscio u s
ness d u r ing which he was attacked by strong conv u lsi v e ts
and maniacal fren z y These al ar ming sy mpto ms were dispelled
D r M onro discovering the su bj ect o f his patient s e xp er i
on
mental researches by an e metic b u t a variety of singu l arly
mental affectio n s c o ntinu ed fo r so me time after The e metic
bro u ght away all o r nearly all the C amph or which had been
sw allowed three ho u rs be fore
Dr E r ckh or n o f N e w O rleans swallo w ed three drachms in
s mall doses within three ho u rs the only res u lt was great heat
palpitation h u rried p u lse and a pleasant sense of intoxication
a fterwards moist u re o f the skin followed by pro fo u nd S leep fo r
so me ho u rs attended with excessive S weating ; and lastly great
debility (A mer i ca n J ou r n a l of M edi c al S ci en ce)
It appears that i t s local action is th at o f an acrid A piece o f
Camphor held in the mo u th for h alf an ho u r cau sed the mu c o u s
lining to beco me red hot s w ollen and pain fu l ; an d it is pro
,

C A

MPH O RA

1 29

bable that had t h e experi ment been continued much longer

ulceration wo u ld have ensued
Camphor in large doses ca u ses disorder o f the mental fac u l
ties the exte r nal senses and volition ; the sympto ms being
lassitude giddiness con fusion o f ideas disordered vision noise
in the ears dro w siness deliri u m o r stu por and convulsions
In its po w er o f causing st u por Camphor resembles opi u m b u t
differs fro m the latter in more frequ ently causing deliri u m and
E pilepsy also has been ascribed to the u s e o f
convulsions
Camphor
Camphor has pec u liar an t aph r o d i si ac al properties the s mell
C amphora per nares castrat
o f it o ften prod u cing this e ffect
odore mares
W hen taken lar g ely in coarse po w der it c o m
mo n l y occasions pain in the sto mach sick ness and vo miting
acting as an irritant ; b u t w hen in a s t ate of ne division and
dissolved it excites narcotic sympto ms su ch as giddines s stag
gering obscurity o f vision confusion o f ideas and deli rium

M
CE
H
O
O
P
A
T
H
I
C
E
D
I
L
U
SES
a n emcmn s obs er va t i on s
A
H
C
M
(
)
Until the present time physicians had used Camphor in i g n o
rance o f its real e ffects more especial ly as they hav e usually
prescribed it either mixed with other medicines or to be taken
at the s ame time w ith them ; and w hat is worse durin g the
perturbation o f morbid sympto ms F o r what Alexander has
ob s erved o f its p u r e effect s amounts t o nothing and has been
expressed only in general ter ms
The action o f Camphor is perplexing and difficult t o study
even in a healthy subj ect because the primitive effects o ften
alt ernate rapidly with vital reaction so that in many cases it is
hard to distin guish betw een the primar y and consecutiv e e ffects
Camphor is not le ss pu z z li ng and surprising as regards the
results o f its action for it destroys the violent eff ects o f a great
many differen t v egetable re me dies as well as those o f c an t h a
rides and a vari ety o f mineral and metallic s u bstances It mu st
t her efor e exer t a kind o f g eneral pathological actio n t o which
,

99

F LO R A

1 30

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

not give a precise denomination that w e may not lose

ourselves in the clo u ds w here ou r observations are no lon ger
based u pon experience and w e are liable t o errors o f imagina
tion
As I have said fro m experience Camphor re moves the t o o
po w erfu l effects o f a large number o f medicines w hether they
have been given uns u itably or in t o o large doses b u t this it
commonly does only in virtue o f its pri mitive action and simply
as a palliative There fore when it is e mployed for this pur
pose i t must be repe ated frequently in s mall doses every ve
or fteen minutes 3 o r i f the necessity be u rgent every t w o o r
three minutes should be given a drop o f t h e saturated al coholic
solution the eighth part of a grain mixed with t w o drachms o f
pure water f or it may b e as well to inhale the s olu tion every
fe w minutes
A grain o f Camphor dissolved in eight drop s o f
alcohol will unite w ith 400 grains o f tepid water and by shak
ing a co mplete solution is obtained no t withst anding the opinion
o f the authors o f the M a t er i a M ed i ca w h o assert that Camphor
is insol u ble in w ater
The rapidity w ith which the action o f C amphor passe s off
and its sympto ms succeed each o t her make it unt fo r the cure
o f chronic co mplaints
As the inammation of the skin calle d erysipelas (w hich
spreads l n
rays o f a clear red tint and disappears for the
mo ment under the pressure o f the nger ) is only on e symp t o m
o f disease
proceeding fro m internal causes and as Camphor
applied t o the skin has so mew hat o f a similar e ffect the local
application o f it may be use ful in d isorders that co me o n rapi dl y
acco mpanied by erysipelas provided there is analogy between
its sympto ms and those o f the co mplaint
In the S ibe r ian influenz a Camphor given as s oon as feverish
heat takes place acts only as a palliative but is valuable b e
cause i t i s a complaint o f short d u ration I t i s th en given in
fre q uent dos es grad u ally increased
It does n o t di minish the
length o f the di sea s e b u t g r ea t ly le ssen s i t s vi olence and brings
we w ill

CA

M PH O RA

1 31

i t to a close w itho u t danger (A single weak dose o f N u x

vo mica will o ften cure this co mplaint h o mo pat h i c al l y in a fe w
hours ) W hen a large dose o f Camphor cau ses d anger opium
is the proper antidote as Camphor is a powerful acid in cases
poisoning by opiu m 3 thus each o f these two substances
of
destroys the other Is it not strange aft er this that we should
so o ften nd the m together in the same prescription
C LI N I C A L O B S E R V A T I O N s
N oa c l s an d T r i n ks : Verti go
L o ss
and coldness o f the body appear t o be the
o f consciousness
primary sympto ms o f a dose o f Camphor and point t o a di mi
n i sh e d af u x o f the blood t o those parts which are distant fro m
the heart ; whereas the rush o f blood to the head heat o f
the head etc are sympto ms denoting a reaction o f the vital
powers j ust as forcibly as the f ormer sympto ms denoted their
S light and recent i n ammat i o n s which
diminished action
have co me on s u ddenly may there fore be re moved by the pal
o l d i n ammat i o n s never
l i at i n g coolin g e ffects o f Camphor
The contin u ed use o f Camphor will frequ ently induce obstinate
O phthalmia corresponding t o the permanency inherent in the
reaction o f the organism
I (Hahnemann) am n o t prepared to
deny the ho moeopathicity o f external applicati ons o f Camphor
to infl amed eyes in acu te cases but I cannot advocate it fo r
the reason that I never u se ext ernal applications in the

treatment o f O phthal mia

According t o N oack and Trinks Camphor is next to bro mine
the most volatile re medial agent and is re markable for the
rapidity with w hich its e ffects pass o ff and i t s pri mary symptoms
succeeded by the secondary It is especially s u itable when the
sensibility o f the nervous syste m is diminished or s u spended ;
when the muscular bre is affected w ith paralytic weakness ;
w hen the irritability o f the organis m an d especially that o f the
capillarie s are lessened It is especially suitable t o lax bloated
and particularly rheumatic catarrhal constitutions and to the
phleg matic and melancholic te mperament 3 to in d ividuals wi th
cold extre mitie s slow respiration and languid pulse ; t o tho se
.

F LO R A

1 32

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

affected by chan ges o f weather and w h o are advanced in age ;

Camphor
an d t o those who hav e s u ffered by protracted illne s s
restores the susceptibility o f the organis m t o medicinal sub
stances and o u ght t o be replaced by other suitable re medie s as
soon as the vital energies hav e been restored Camphor is the
principal antidote t o a number o f v egetable medicinal agents
I t has been advantageo u sly e mployed in many diseases Amongst
others : Catarrhal affections
E pil epsy
Dropsical diseases
G eneral and l o cal a sthenic i n ammat i on s both acute and chronic
P assive i n ammat i on s especially when o f a rhe u matic and
erysipelat ous character It may be used as a preventiv e o f a
number o f severe d iseases especially catarrhal in the precursory
stag e w h en a general unco mfortableness and chill in ess an
nounce the approach o f a feverish condition Typhus in the
s econd stage
Asiatic cholera in t h e cold stage with viscid
According to L obethal C amphor is specic in the
s weat
Asiatic cholera as long as the body has a natural colo u r even
In the
if the temper ature o f the body should be ever so low
stage o f asphyxia Hahne mann reco mmends Carbo v eg et and
S ecale c or n u t with the frequent use o f ice pills P urpura
senilis with indications o f gangrene in the toes Delirium
tre mens Headach e brough t o n by the feet getting wet by
catching cold or by sudden change o f temperature with catar
rhal affections o f the organs o f respirat ion M ercurial p t yalis m
Diarrh oea with colicky pains (e specially when cholera i s epi d e
mi c ) w ith symptoms o f frequent chilliness or a sen sation as i f
cold air passed through the unnerved par t s Inammat ory
irrit ation o f the urinary organ s Inuen z a Violen t spasin s o f
the che st brought o n by excessive e motion s etc
AN TI DO T ES S pirit n i t r dulc co ffee and alcohol increase
the e ffec t s o f Camphor Camphor increases the action o f N it re
According to H ah n eman n s experience Camphor i s n o ant idote
agains t the violen t e ffec t s o f Ignatia O pium i s an antido t e to
Camphor ; and Camphor i s a great pre server o f life in case s of
,

C A

M PHO RA

1 33

poi soning by O pium Camphor i s an an t ido t e t o a number of

vegetable drugs especially such as have a drastic e ffect and
cau se vo miting and diarr hoea palenes s o f the countenance
coldness o f the extre mities and loss o f consciou sness C am
phor as an antidote sho u ld be adminis t ered in fr e quently
repeated dose s
.

XV
C

F
I t al

K in

MS C an n ab i s

S YN

NY

OEG
.

n u

ar

ma

at

AM E s

Sp an

Le Ch

C a a

In

Br

mz

an vr e

az

an n ab i s

a- c an

mi n

a.

A N N A B I N A C E JE

L i n dl

3
.

an

D al

a l a b.

B l oemr u t

K al u b ab

Ar

UR T I C E JE , J a ss

P EN T A N D R I A
GE N

i n d i ca, L

Ger m : Di e H

R acu

a b.

O r d er , C

sat i va,

S A T I VA

ANN ABI S

'

HA R

ale

at el
y

ob u se ,

ly

per i an

c o n cav e

th

or o l

I (E C I A

ob l on

g,

v e cl e ft
-

la

n on e

s eg men t

S t a men

men t s

a cu

ve ,

n t h er s o b l on
r n er e d
s
h
o
r
t
a
f
ou
r
c
o
F ma l e C a l y x
;
y
g
per i an th on e l eafe d ob l on g a cu mi n at e open in g l on g i t u di n all y on o n e
si de per man en t C r o l l a n on e P i st i l s g er men v er y small 3 sty l e
P er i car p
t w o v er y l on g ; sti g mas acu t e
t h e per man en t c al y x cl o s el y
c ov er i n g t h e s ee d
S eeol n u t g l ob u l ar d epr e s s ed t wo v al v e d
S P E C C HA R M a l e
C a l y x ve cl eft
Fema l e
C or o l l a n on e
C a ly x
o n e l e afe d
en t i r e
Open i n g o n on e si de C or o l l a n on e S ty l e t wo
N t t w o v al ve d w i t h i n t h e cl os e d c al y x

c apil l ar y

v er

H I S T O R Y Cannabis was well k nown to the ancient s but they

did n o t see m t o be aware of its narcotic properties Herodotu s
designat es it under K vv B s n a g g and states that the Thraci an s
made a kind o f cloth from it The seeds were al so thrown upon
red hot s t ones and the perfu med vapour obtained in this man
n er used for
a bath which excited cries o f exu ltation Dr
R oyle considers it to be the same as the N epenthe s o f Ho mer

the assuager of grief given by Helen t o Telemachus in

.

s o ,

F ig

Th

mal e

separ at e an

th

pl an t

er

Th

femal e

F emal e o w er

C al y x an d st amen

Th

e see d .

s of

mal e pl an t

C A N N A B I S S A TI V A

1 35

honour o f M enelaus Helen i s said to have received the plant

G alen (D e S i mp l lib vii )
fro m a wo man o f E gyptian Thebe s
made u s e o f it as a re medy fo r toothache Dioscorides r eco m
mends it in the form o f cataplas ms to soothe i n ammat i o n s and
d isc u ss t u mours
P liny mentions it under the name o f Can
P au lus E g i n e t a says the fr u it is carminative and
nabis
desiccati v e and the j u ice o f it when green use ful fo r pain and
obstr u ctions in the ears
The Arabian physician s Avicenna
and S erapion describe it w ith gr eat acc u racy It is known in
India un d er a variety o f v u lgar names such as
grass o f

faqu e er s
leaf o f del u sion
increaser o f pleasure
excit er

ce menter o f friendship
laughter mover
It
o f desire
w as used as an intoxicating substance in very early time s bo t h
in Asia and E gyp t
*
Cannabis has been e mployed in allopathic practice chiey in
the follo w ing cases : R he u matis m J aundice W orms Catarrhs
T etan u s t r au mat i cu s (Cann ind ) Hydrophobia (Cann ind )
W eariness of pedestrians P odagra B u rns (the oil o u t of the
E rysipelas
hemp seed oi l
M easles and s mall pox
s eed
Cephalalgia R heumatic affections O f the eyes P ains in the
ears Cholera (Cann ind ) Diarrh oea Bloody e vacuations
Dysent ery
Inammation and suppuration o f the bowel s
Diseases and painfu l complaints o f the u rinary organs Cys
U rodialysis senilis S trangury fro m inammation o f
t o dy n i a
the u rinary ducts for instance in gonorrh oea o r fro m stones in
t h e bladder and kidneys
(W illis reco mmend s Cannabis and
belladonna fo r obviating the at tacks during the passage o f the
calc u li through the ureter ) G on o r r h ce a 3 fo r the s u ppressing
.

inclination S terility E xcessive sexual irritation N ympho

mania S uppressed lochi al discharge L eucorrh oea Catar rhal
hoarseness Hooping cough (Huland) Dry Irritat ing cough
S welling of t h e breas t s
.

oack an

d T r i n ks H

d ba ok f i w H
'

an

A r z n ei mi t t el l el z/r e

F LO R A

1 36

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

edical men and authors o f the O ld school ent ertain

varied views o f the action o f He mp It is described as an
as t ringent and palliative by some 3 then stimulant and narcotic
by others 3 now an aphrodisiac then an antaphrodisiac an d so
It was thought to escape ou t o f thi s di lemma by dividing
on
those properties between the herb and the seed 3 b u t this dis
tinction could n ot hold good and observers soon began to
doubt Hence Dierbach while placing He mp seed among the
me d i c ami n a se d an t i a seu mu l c e n t i a adds that the latter doe s
in d eed pos sess so mething o f the volatile narcotic principl e
as may be in ferr e d fr om its e ffect (S y n op s M a t
O f the herb
1 842 2 n d part p
Hope places He mp in the list
M eal
Arnemann calls
o f the nervi na e xc i t an t i a and narcotica pura
the infusion O f the leaves a mild narcotic stimulant (P r a ct
According t o K raus
A r z n ei mi l t 6 t h edit G o e t t 1 8 1 9 p
linaria i s a violently excit atory narcotic inspiring blood
thir st ines s the Haschisch O f the O rientals (P h i l os F r a ct H ei l
mi t t el G o et t 1 8 3 1 p
L inn aeus designates the Vis
cannabis sativa as a narcotica ph an t ast i c a d emen t an s an o d y n a
r e pellen s S achs s ays o f H emp : I t decidedly h as n o esp e cial

medicamen t al efcacy 3 that it may be dispensed w ith and is

only a weak s u bstitute or rather n o substitute at al l G) o f opium
(H an d b cl P r a ct H ei l mzt t el K oenigsberg 1 8 30 vol i p
M os t puts a mark o f interrogation to this conj ecture but
af rms that H e mp has not the inj urio u s effec t s of opium and is
also a har ml es s aphrodisiac (E n cy cl op H an d b cl Wor t P r ac t
When such
H ei l mi t t el R ostock and S chwerin 1 84 1 p

cont radictions are t o be met with in the practical pharma

x
when
the
caprice
e
isting
in
the
anage
ent
m
c ol o i e s
m
o f the
g
material i s expo s ed to light so uncons t rainedly migh t on e not

practical is a pendant t o the

fancy t hat the designation o f
!
ucus
a
non
lucendo
K o st el et z k y s ays wit h good r eason
L
that He mp belong s to tho se re medies which deserve all regard
b u t which ha v e still not been sufciently investigat ed in the
sp ecial mode of action (A l g em M ed P h ar m F l or a P rague
M

'

C A N N A B I S S A T I VA

1 37

vol ii p
F o r cer t ain cases o f disea s e He mp has
been recommended as a specic : i f it be really such it is so
ho moeopathically L o n i t z er says : Hemp water is good for

h eadache proceeding fr o m heat 3 and a lit tle fu rther o n he

says :
the He mp herb increases headache in those who

deal in it (H er bar za m Ul m
S i qu i s in C an n abi n o

a gello d i u
s e d er i t
observes L i n d en st ol p ;
au t d o r mi v er i t
n o n solu m inde l u sc u s e vadi t
sed etiam vertiginosa e t eb r i u s

quod mi hi ipsi p u ero seepi u s c on t i g i t (L i t er Ven ems edit

S tentz el F r an c o f e t L ips 1 7 39 p
J unker conrms the
same w ith the w ords :
Int u s s u mmu m v en t r i c u l u m et cap u t

gravat (C omp en d M a t M eal Hal 1 7 6 0 p

Z orn states
that He mp c u mbers t h e head 3 an d in another page that it
al le viates
headache vi narcotica and co n duce s to sleep
4
1
7
1
n
B
o
t
a
o
l
o
z
a
M
e
di
c
a
B
erl
pp 1 6 0
S chroeder
(
g
opines : S o me bind the emulsion prepared fro m t h e seed

rou nd the head 3 b u t they do w rong for it causes sill iness

N ure mberg
1 6 93 p
Accordin g to
Chardin ( Voy ag e en P er se A mst er d 1 7 1 1 t om iv p
pedestrian traveller s in P ersia w hen exhausted invigorate
themselves w ith a beverage prepared fro m Hemp ; but h o w
great the paralytic debility and exhaustion is w hich He mp
itself causes appears clearly from H ah n e man n s R eg i s t er of
also fro m \Vi b mer s R ep or t
Herrmann
as
E xp er i men t s
obser v es o f He mp :
O r g asmu m genitur es maxi me c ompe sci t

n os
l
au d at u r
anqua
an t a h r o d i s i ac u m
t
r o pt er e a
m
et
(
@
p
p
V alentini says that
17 10 p
M a t M ed A r g en t or
He mp
seeds are especially given against excessive c on cu pi s
cence and that the e mulsion may be prescribed for f e male s
having furor uterinu s (H er bar zu m F r an c for t 1 7 1 9 p
O l e ar i u s again afr ms exactly the reverse i n the w ords :
P ers ae e xi st i man t veneris desideria inde cieri e t si mu l steri

l i t at e m prod u ci
(T r avel s i n t h e E a st p 5 2 9 in M u r r ay )
Hence occu rs the follo w ing pas sage in S chroeder :
The
seed hinders the birth seed i f o ften used 3 whereas the
1 8 33,

'

'

'

'

1 38

FLO R A

H OM

mor

AT H IC A

ersians take this seed as also the leave s und er the name

of
B engi t o arouse the v enere m thereby
Z orn al so
co mbines both controversies and conrms the former assertion
by s ever al citat ions and the latter by the energetic ren d ering
into G er man o f the unbeco ming name o f B engi and K i di b en g i
by w hich ter m also those were designated who made u s e o f
Hemp fo r the purpose o f arousing sexu al desire In the s ame
w ay Z orn mentions that He mp possesses the property o f fatten
ing and that it therefore makes the hens w h o eat O f it prolic
so that they lay the more eggs G eoffrey however expresses
himsel f o n the same matter thus : M at t h i ol u s writes he has
But
f ound o u t that He mp seeds render hens prolic in eggs
then as L obel O bserves it afterw ards makes them u nfruitfu l by

reason o f t h e frequ ent nourishment it affords the m (D i ss er t

trans fro m the L atin L ei psic 1 7 6 1 v ol iii
M at M erl
p
He mp is everywhere considered a specic against
gonorrh oea 3 b u t it is al so certain that He mp produ ces gonorrh oea
as is proved by the results o f experiments put together by Hah
P

n e

man

Here and t here one nds t h e assurance given that the He mp

seed e mulsion deserves the preference in the irritated state of
the urinary organs only b ecau se it does n o t constipate so easily
I f it re ally has this effect it wo u ld then
a s other e mulsions
appear that there are specic relations lyin g at the foundat ion
f
o
f
u
m
n
l
a
w
l
u
this
hich
be
red
ced
to
the
nda
e
ta
a
m
w
of
y
ho moeopathy F or was not He mp formerly e mployed in diar
rhoeas and up t o the present day in India fo r the choler a
precisely on account O f its constipating properties And W i b mer
observed on himself so O bstinate a constipation and total
atony O f the intestinal canal after taking t h e alcoholic
tinctu re o f this herb that even strong p u rgative s in large doses
u rities and
m
u
t
o
ere
ine
ect
al
clearing
the
existing
i
p
r
u
f
o
ff
w
m
u
m
:
In
orn
we
read
Q
ida
ex
hoc
se
ine
Z
s
i
l
n
c
e
at u e
e mu lsiones parant e t in feb r i b u s c o mmen d an t v i mqu e alexi

W
i b me r again was thro w n into
t r ibu u n t
h
ar mac u m e i
p
,

C A N N A B I S S A TI VA

1 39

such a fever with congestion s t o w ards the head through the

tinct u re o f He mp that he had to lo se twelve ounces o f blood
and to apply leeches and cold fo mentation s ro u nd the head
M orgagni observed tonical spas ms which he attributes to the
agency o f He mp and e v en a sort o f catalepsy has been seen
D i osc lib iii c
to arise fro m it M at t h i o l u s
again
says o f the Italian wo men : Decoctum in morbo c omi t i al i

pueris exhibent
And S haughnessy found in a case of
tetanus appearing a fter a moxa that the tincture of the resinous
extract o f He mp produced unexpected results and that in all
cases o f tetanus the immediate e ffect was relaxation o f the
muscle s (L an cet O c t
According to N e u h ol d He mp
causes cataract (A c t N a t C a r vol iii p
And in S chmidt s
v ol
J al ar B cl G es i n a n d A u st M eal
xxvi ii p 209 there is
mention made of the medica mental virtues of Hemp in cataracta
l enticu laris
Its general effects on man are alleviation of any pain r e
markable increase o f appetite unequ ivocal aphrodisia and
great mental cheerfu lness Its more violent effects are delirium
o f a peculiar kind
and cataleptic condition
M r Donovan
fo u nd it had great pow er in reducing the most intense neuralgic
pains M r M iller considers its vi rtues consist in the power o f
cont rolling inordinate muscular spas ms Dale says (P h a r maco
l og i a 3r d edit
S emen genitale i mmi n u i t u su c o n
t i n u at o tussi S pu t u l at am i ct er o s u b s t er n u i t e t cap u t v ap o r i b u s

r e et
In gonorrh oea recente
M urray (M a t M eal p
i n fu sam semi n u m horum The se po t u m pl u r i mu m v irtutis habet
ad i n ammat i o n e m e t ar d or em urethr ae qui i st i u s indicu m pr oc
bet su p er an d u m qu u m O leosa e t mu c i l ag i n o sa s emi n u m exista
verum e t l en i t er an o d y n a natura s t i mu l u m O ptime r e t u n d et e t
i r r i t u m reddat e t aqu ae t epi d ae
Connu bium eundem c u m lobo
elu at
Valet h o c non de g on n o r r h oea venerea sed e t

ar t h r i t i c a u t ipse casu si n
u l ar i e xp e r t u s su m
g
DES C R I P TI O N
Cannabis S ativa is an annual S t em from six
to eight fee t high or more L eaves petioled st ipulate digitate
,

FL OR A

1 40

H O M C aO P A T H I C A

oppo sit e L ea et s ve t o seven lanceolate acuminate serrat ed ;

outer o n e the s malle st M al e ower s in s mall loose racemes
F ema l e ower s
o r spikes at the ends o f the ste m o r branches
axill ary solitary very small ; both kinds so meti me s occur on
the same plant b u t always on e o f the m very fe w in proportion
t o the other All the o l d authors ignorantly call the mal e owers
female and vi ce oer s d
The leaves in India are chiey e mployed
fo r makin g Bhan g and J u b z e e s o f w hich the intoxicating powers
are well known ; but a peculiar s u bstance is collected by the
natives pressing the upper part of the yo u ng plant between
their hands and t hen scrapin g o ff the secre t ion whi ch adheres 3
this is known under the name o f Che nus e n d is so estee med
by A siatics that they prefer it to w ine or O pium According
to Dr R oy le the Cannabis S ativa and In dica ar e the same
plant only differing in t h e effects o f i t s preparation fro m the
difference o f cli mate
G E O G R A P H I C A L D I S T R I BU T I O N Herodo t us mentions the
Cannabis as a S cythian plant B eer b er st ei n met with it in the
C aucasus Dr R oyle describes i t as a plant o f P ersian origin
and subj ect ed to the se verest cold in wi nter and the great est
heat in summer I t is well known in Bokhara P ersia and
the Himal ayas F ather Hamelin fou nd it in the Ill inois in
N orth America
C u lt ivated in R ussia an d the north O f E urope
extensively fo r co mmercial p u rposes 3 also in F rance and the
south O f Italy It is O bserved that a difference exists betw een
plants gro w n i n the plains and those on the mount ains and also
w hen grown thickly together
The pecu liar principle O f the
plant is found w anting or very much weaken e d in those plants
w hich are grown in a very mois t cli mate and thickly together
Cannabis Indica according to Dr R oyle only a variety o f
the C S ativa L e aves alternate
S tem nearly cylindrical
s maller more branched and harde r than the preceding species
L eaves all constantly alternate
L eaets linear lanceolate very
sharp pointed 3 in the male plant s ve to seven in the fe males
co mmonly b u t three o n a p et iole n e ar the t o p entirely simple
,

'

CA N N A BIS

SAT

I VA

141

A nati v e o f the E ast Indies Its hard ste m and thin bark
render it incapable o f being w ro u ght into la ments and Sp u n
like co mmon he mp 3 it has a strong s mell like that o f tobacco
The Indians mak e o f its bark and the expressed j u ice o f i t s
lea v es and seeds a liqu or w hich h as an into xicatin g qu ality 3
and i f they w is h to prod u ce a stronger e ffect they either che w
or s moke its dried leaves mingled w ith tobacco A little n u t
meg clo v es c ar n ph or and O pi u m mixed w i th its j u ice form
the co mposition w hich the Indians call M aj ek and w hich
according to C l u si u s is the same as the M al ack o f the Tu rks
P A R T S U SE D I N M E D I C I NE A N D M OD E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
The F lo w ers
To make t h e ho moeopathic preparation the
o w erin g tops o f both male and fe male plants are gathered and
the j u ice expressed fro m the m and w hich is mixed w ith equ al
par ts o f alcohol S o me reco mmend the fe male o w ers only
because these exhale du ring their owering a strong and
into xicating odour w hilst the male plants are co mpletely i n
odoro u s
M E D I C A L U SES (H O M t n o r A T H I C )
H a h n eman n s obs er va
t i on s
Up t o the present time the seeds o f the Cannabis hav e
been e mployed generally only in the for m of emulsions and
decoctions F or merly some physicians v i z D o d o en s S ylviu s
and H e r l i z fo u nd it useful in so me kinds of j au ndice The
benecial e ffects o f Cann abis in i n a mmat i o n s O f the u rinar y
organs is entirely o w ing t o its ho moeopathic action from its
hav ing the po w er to produce an analogo u s mor bid condition
in those organs o f healthy persons an e ffect w hich has ne v er
been do u bted by any w h o hav e experi mented w ith this medi
cin e A S to the herb itself it is only e mployed as a pop u lar
re medy It has been also u sed by the P ersians and others to
soothe the fatigue ar I SI n g fr o m o v er w alking as Cha r din infor ms
W e can al so empl oy
u s ; this e ffect is equally ho moeopathic
the Cannabis with great s u ccess in more atten u ated doses in
different diseases o f the chest and organs O f sense etc
I
mi xed w ith equal parts
u s u ally e mploy the j uice o f this plant
.

F LO R

1 42

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

alcohol and not more attenu ated the dose a s mall par t o f a
drop ; but t h e thir tieth atten u ation developes t h e medicinal

v i r t u es o f this plant in a mu ch greater degree

N 0 a c l t an d T r i n ks Cannabis may
C L I N IC A L O B SER V A TI O NS
be e mployed in the follow ing a e c t i on s Hysterical condi
tions Conv u lsions Tet anu s Acne G u tta rosacea D u llness
G o n or r h ce a
M elancholia
M ania
o f the mental fac u lties
S cro fu lous O phth al mia with excrescences o f the lamell ae o f the
cornea
S pecks o n the cornea r emai n I n g a fter scrofu l ou s
O phth almia O l d specks and u lcers o f the cor nea Incipient
le u co ma P ann u s
Trau matic cataract Chronic vomiting
Indu ration o f the liver Colic Ascites Consti
G astralgia
i
n
with
retention
o f u rine
P
h
m
o si s
Ac
u te and chronic
a
t
o
p
y
affections O f the ur inar y organ s N ephr itis Cystitis G rav el
Dysuria
H aematu ria
(in alternation w ith R osa canina )
I mpotence
Abortu s
L e u c o r r h u ea
S te r ility
P e r iodical
asthma P neumonia bro u ght o n by v iolent exertion S hort
oppressed breathing o w ing rather to a ching than stitching pains
Cough with tough green expectoration P alpitation o f the
heart with an guish ; sympathetic affection o f the large v e s
sels Cramp in the cal v es o f the legs
A N T I DO T E s
T O large d oses a fe w gl asses o f very sour
L e monade : to s mall doses Camphor
o

S I cu I n

an n u u

m
R

ee e
v

Ro bi n h

ol s

my

X VI

A P S I C U M A N N UU M

C ap si cu m 0 r C bi l ly f
SYN O N Y M S

Pi p

I n di cu m

er

M ol ag o, R b eed M

t ab 3 5

al ,

N ME
FO E G
F
R

i sch

Pfeffer

er

I t al

Pimi en t o d a I n di as
an

at

Por t

paper

s
,

J a ss

mo ot h

al

ve

P d
e

S t em h

Sp an

k ov o i

Ger m :

C apo

S pan

Pi men t er o

Spaan

t oo t h e d

ab

Ar

Peper

sc h e

an n u a,
.

S w ed

F et fel -ach

mar

s ol i t ar

er

b ac eou

d
d

eh i sc in
,

P EN T

Obl

or o l a

ssu r e

s ee ded

Fr u i t

g by

man y

N DRIA

per si s en

u/n c l es

L U R I D JE , L i n

g i n g , t w o cel l s,
h oll ow , t wo t o ou r c el l e

sch

O N O YG N I A

c on v er

HA R

HAR

Val h

O r d er , S O L A N E E

But

A n t b er

SP

Peper on

ea,

GE N

d I n d e, Poi vr e d E spag n

1 62

P i men t aa d a I n di a

mm

Pepe di G u i n

6
x

Poi vr e

g at i ssi mu m, B a n k

P er et s st r u l
Span sh Pepper
R u ss
F u ll l -su r kh
T ami : M ol l ag ai

d D an

Per s

vu l

B er r y ju i c el ess
S eed s n ak e

d
n du l o

n ak e

on

v e cl eft

r ot at e ,

u s

pe

et i o l es

H I S T O RY S prengel (H i st R ei H er b v ol i p 2 0 1 ) makes
the P i pe r i t i s or S ili quastr um o f P lin y the Capsicum annu u m
o f L inn a
e us b u t R oxburgh do u bts this plant being a native o f
Asia and considers it exclusively a n ative o f S outh America
in which case it mu s t have been un k now n t o the ancients
It has been generall y used only as a condi ment As a medi
.

F ig
3

Th

Th

er

men

ow er

s an

d pi st il

C apsi cu m i s d er i ved
of

th

e seed

of

th

an

per i c ar p

cu

en

p
4

ei t h er

d per i c ar p,

or

to

S h ow

th

Th

e seed -vessel

m wa r m),

fr om c apsa,

separ at e

men

st a

b i t e,

a c h est

men

st a

on

a ccou n

fr o m t h

of

th

for m

an

bi t i n g h
d

eat

st r u c t u r e

FL OR A

1 44

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

cine u nder the allopathic school it has been chiey valuable

as a local stimu lant to the mo u t h and throat in cynanche
malig n a and scarlatina anginosa ; also i n the dyspepsia o f
dr u nkar ds as a gastric stimu lant It has also been u sed in
cholera l o w f e v er s inter mittents and d r opsies D r Wr ight
(M ed F a ct s an d O bs er v ) e xtols it as a re medy against the black
vo mit in fe v ers o f tropical climates
DES C R I P TI O N Capsic u m annuu m is an herbaceo u s ann u al
fro m o n e to three feet high
F r u i t O blong
P ed u n cl es solitar y
S t em nearly Si mple ro u nd a lit t le striated s mooth
L ea ves
egg shaped acu minate entire petioled placed in no reg u lar
order P et i ol es long exible generally s mooth b u t so meti mes
as w ell as the ste m a little p u bescent F l ow er s w hite lateral
P ed u n cl es lo n g
F r u i t s mooth and shining 3 v e r y variable in its
for m and colo u r i n some instances long straight ac u te ; in
others sho r t thick and obtu se ; in so me red in colo u r 3 in
others yello w and so met i mes both colo u rs on the same plant
The dried fr u it sold by druggists i s at more or less shriv elled
blu nt or pointed at one end w hile the calyx and stalk are
u s u al ly attached at the oth er end
The length O f the berry is
t w o t o three i nches ; the breadth one half to th r ee q u arters o f
an inch 3 the colo u r yello w ish o r reddish b r o w n 3 the taste hot
and p u ngent 3 the epidermis is to u gh and leathery 3 the seeds
are attened and w hitish
G E O G R A PHIC A L D I S T R I BU TI O N
According to most au t h or i
ties a native o f the E ast and W est Indies 3 acco r ding to R o x
burgh a do u btfu l nativ e o f these co u nt r ies and o r iginally
from S o u th America
It has ho w ever been u sed as a condi
ment in all E astern co u ntries fro m time imme morial
P A R T S U SE D I N M E D I C I NE A N D M OD E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
The Caps u les and Gr ains at mat u r ity w hich are powdered and
then infu sed in t w enty parts o f alcohol o r the three rst atte
n u at i on s are made by trit u ration
P HYS I O L OG IC A L E FF E C T S Capsic u m belongs to the acrid
aro matics Applied to the skin it is a r u be facient and vesicant
,

CA

PS I C U M

N N UU M

1 45

in s mall doses i t creates a sensation o f warmth in

the sto mach 3 in lar ge r doses it produces a g lo w ove r the body
excites thi r st qu ickens the pulse and e x e r ts a stimu lating
inu ence o v er the u r ino genital organs 3 in excessive doses it
w ill prod u ce v o miting p u r ging abdominal pains and gastric
inammation according to Vogt (P b a r mal sody n Bd ii 8 5 8 1 ) 3
and a par alysed and altered condition o f the nervo u s i n
u en c e an affection O f the head dr u nkenness and giddiness
according to R ichte r
A strong
A r z n ei m B d ii s
preparation o f Cayenne pepper has been kno w n to occasion
death (L on d M ed G a z et t e vol x xiii )
H O M (E O P A T H IC U SES The follo w ing are H ah n e man n s
O bservations o n this plant
In the t w o Indies w here the Cap
sie u m (P iper Indic u m seu H i span i c u m) is indigenou s it is em
ployed only as a condiment This cu sto m has been i mitated
in E ngland F rance It aly and G ermany w here they o ften
s u bstit u te the Cayenne pepper (Capsic u m baccatum) w hich is
still more po w erful The obj ect is to sti mu late the palate and
to increase the appetite beyond the bounds prescribed by
This
N at u r e and thu s u nder mine an d destroy the health
pow erfu l s u bstance has been b u t little e mployed as a medicine :
Ho w e v er Bergiu s infor ms us that he has cured several chronic
intermittent feve r s w ith three doses o f Capsic u m each do s e o f
t w o grains b u t he did n o t administer it al one 3 fo r the old
hereditary sin o f the ancient r eg i me O f medicine (o f mixing
d r ugs ) s u ggested to h i m to u nite w ith it lau rel leaves in the
proportion o f twenty t o three He does not describe either
the inter mittent fevers that he has cu red according to the
totality o f the sympto ms b u t is satised in giv ing the name as
is the general custom amongst the practitioners o f t h e old
school so that it is impossible to co me to any conclu sion fro m
the cases he relates The ho moeopathic physician proceeds in
a manner more certain in the c u res he undertakes with the
Capsicum After having studied the pure sympto ms that this
subst ance produces o n persons in health h e only applies it to
S wallo w ed

FL O R A

1 46

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

those natural diseases i n w hich the sympto ms hav e t h e greatest

possible analogy
Those persons in whom the bre is rigid are less susceptible

to the action O f Capsicum ann u u m

Capsic u m
N oack a n d T r i n ks
C L I N ICA L O B SER V A TI O NS
has been fo u nd u se fu l in inter mittent fe v ers N ostalgia with
redness o f the cheeks and Sleeplessness Hysteric cephalalgia and
megrim P rosopalgia S to macace Angina aphthosa Heartburn
in pregnant females S pasm of the sto mach Tympanitis and
atulence Colica at u l en t a Diarrh oea and dys e ntery Burning
and blind h a mor r h oi d s Tenes mus o f the bladder G onorrh oea
Asthma at u l en t a Inu en z a etc etc
M ost o f the sympto ms
C H A R A C T E R I S T IC P E C U LI A R I TI ES
occur in the evening and at night
Aggravation o f the
symptoms by contact op en air and cold temperature
Capsicum antidotes Caladium an d
A N T I DO T E s Camphor
China
.

il l

Ch
ct

l ih

momi l l a

at r i c a r i a

C h amo mi l l

a
R

ee e
v

mp

XVII
M AT R I C

AR I A

C H A M O M IL L A f

l Vi l d C ba mozn i l e B i t t er C ba momi l e C or n F ever

,

er z

at r

GE

N Y

O E G N ME

F
C

MS C h amaemel u m v u l g ar e

S YN

i car i a

M at r i ca ir

H AR

n ear

ly

co

t t er k r au t

n vo u cr u

mo mil l e

o d cr u

e,

Da n

sev er al o b l o n

e qu al

Du t

mmu n
M

aa r

G er

t el

l
h
t
g
y

c o n v ex,

memb r an

Lu

c an

th

mu m

F el d k amil l e , H al mer

I tal

ar u n a- z i el e

n o s t r as

ol

sl i

momi l l a

Ch

ew

M at r i c ar i a

Sp a n

i mb r i c at e

c l o s el y

ou s - e

dg d

s c al e s

wi t h

C or o l l a

co

Fl or et s o f t h e con i c al i sk n u mer ou s , per e ct , t u b u l ar ,

pou n , r a i an
Fl or et s O f t h e r ay n u mer ou s,
w i t h ve equ al , spr ea i n g seg men t s
st r a
p sh ap e , spr e a i n g , or r e exed , bl u n t , wi t h t h r ee t er mi n al t eet h

an

bl u n t
al l

th

G er

p t a cl e

sh ape

l y h ai r l ik e,
-

th

in

all

n ot

v er

or et s i n

pr omi n

sh or

A n t l z er

v er s el y

S t ig

eg

ma s

in

sh ape

pr ea i n g ,
b u t t h e u n ch an g e , expan i n g c al y x
S eed i n
an y
e g g sh ape , an g u l ar , w i t h ou t
b or er or
,

en

al

most

mo ot h

In

on

ke

n a

ea v es

p sh ape

n ar r ow , st r a

men

v er sel y

ece

H AR

ea

o r et s

ar

ves se l n o n e ,

or et s i n

t u bu l

S ty l e t h r

S e ed

cr o w n

SP

th

l i n dr i c al t u b e

u l ar

Fi l a men t s i n
a cy

v o u cr u

per ect l y
t w i ce pi n n
-

mn

e ar

cy
at

li n

c al

th

i d

l y at

di
it s

h oll o w

seg

sc al es

men

ts

b l u n t i sh

v er y
.

H I S T O R Y The M atricaria C h amomilla has been gener ally

passed o v er as a medicinal plant the M atricaria P artheniu m
and Anthemis nobilis being preferred It is ho w e v er men
t i o n e d by D ioscorides u nder the name O f L u can t h e mu m
Hip
o c r at es extols the virt u es O f H
w
v
w hich is accordin g to
p
e
S prengel M atricaria 3 b u t S i b t h o r p considers it to be the M atr i
.

F ig
3

or

Th

g an

F l or et

me

e n a

of

th

e r a

F l o r et

of

th

d i sk

i s d er i v e d fr om mat r i x, fr o m i t s

su

ppo se d

spe cr c Vi r

tu

es o n

th

at

FLO R A

1 48

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

P artheniu m

It is not mentioned by the Arabian phy

The F inlanders u s e an infusion o f it in cons u mptiv e
s i c i an s
cases G er ar d e says that it is neither good for meat o r
medicine b u t is co mmended against the i n r mi t i es o f the
mother seeing all stinking things are good against those d i s
eases I t also cau seth blisters on the hands o f w eeders and
reapers
C u lpeper in his C ompl et e E n g l i s h P h y s i ci an gi v es
the follo w ing c u rio u s acco u nt :
Venus co mmands this herb
and has co mmended it to s u ccou r her Sisters and to be a general
str engthener o f w o mbs and re medy such i n r mi t i e s as a car e

l ess midw i fe has there ca u sed

It is also according to the
same au thor a special re medy against opiu m w he n taken too
liberally
DES C R I P T IO N This co mmon ann u al o w ers fro m M ay to
A u gust The r oot is rather large w oody and brous S t em
u p r ight fro m t w elve to thir teen inches high mu ch branched
solid ; so mew hat ang u lar striated s mooth leafy L ea ves alter
nate sessile clasping the ste m s mooth dee p green 3 t h e u pper
ones simply the rest do u bly pi n n at i d (w ing cle ft ) 3 t h e seg
ments strap Shaped very narro w and mi n u tely pointed F l ow er s
numerous ter minal solitar y o n striated naked pedu ncles
S ca l es of t h e i n vol u cr u m so me w hat dilated o u t w ar ds ro u n ed
d
and blu ntish F l or et s of t h e r ay w hite r e exe d at ni ght
elliptic O blong w ith three teeth D i sh conical v er y pr o
minent o f n u merous yello w orets R ecep t a cl e O blong nearly
cylindrical naked dotted S eeds ang u lar obliqu e o f a pale
bro w n colour qu ite destitu te o f any cro w n o r bo r de r A ccord
ing to the observations o f L inn ae u s co w s goats and sheep eat
it 3 horses and s w ine re fu se it A bl u e e s sential oil is distilled
fr o m the o w ers
There ar e three species o f this plant : the M atric aria Chamo
milla the M P artheni u m and the M s u a v eole n s ; all o f
This
w hich have the same o r n ear ly t h e sa me p r ope r ties
gen u s differs fro m the P y r et h r u m in ha ving no cro w n or
pa pp u s attached to the seed
car ia

CH A M O M I L LA
G E O G R A PHICA L D I S T R I BU TI O N
L

side

ocA L I T I E s

149

or n

e l d s,

ost parts o f E u rope

an d by the road
w aste g r o u nds

D I C I NE

ART S

U SE D

IN

A N D

OD E

O F

PR PA R
E

AT

ION

The W hole P lant gathered w hen in o w er The mother tinc

tu r e is obtained by expressing the j u ice o f the w hole plant
gathered fresh and mixing it with tw enty par ts o f alcohol
The atten u ations ar e prepared in the sa me manner as giv en
u nde r Aconite
H a h n ema n n s obs er va t i on s
M E D ICA L U SES
h i s has been e x tensi v ely u sed as a family medicine in
co mplaints o f all kinds chiey t h ose that develope the msel v es
rapidly But physicians have held it too mu ch in conte mpt
n ot
conside r i ng it as a medi cine b u t only a popul ar re medy
and allo w ing their patients to u s e it in conj u nction w ith their
prescriptions in lar ge handfu ls fo r infu sions tea etc as
external applications ; w hile at the same time they w ere
giv ing inte r nal medicines as i f it w e r e alw ays a safe and sal u
tary thing ne v e r inj u rio u s or at least qu ite uni mpo r tant Also
they hav e occasio n ally s u bstitu ted fo r it Anthe mis nobilis the
R o man Chamo mill a n o t considering that it is quite a differ ent
species possessin g different p r operties
Th u s w e may see h o w far physicians have been blinded
w ith rega r d to a plant belonging to a class o f po w erfu l
medicines w hen I t was their d u ty to acqu aint the msel v es
thoro u ghly w ith its p r operties 3 not onl y that they might the m
selves make a w ise and proper u se o f it b u t pu t a stop to the
general ab u se pointing o u t w hen good e ffects might be e x
e c t e d fro m it
and o n the other hand when i t sho u ld be
p
av oided
B u t physicians have hithe r to not fu llled this du ty 3 they
have rather rivalled the p u blic in prescribing o r per mitting the
u s e o f this po w er fu l re medy
in all cas es w itho u t distinction
and in doses o f all degrees
Y et it requires b u t a little ray o f sense to perceiv e that no
,

FL OR A

1 50

medicine i n the

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

can be proper fo r all diseases ; that each

o n e has its circle o f benet strictly dened beyond w hich e v ery
po w erfu l medicine like Chamo milla mu st o f co u r se exercise
inj u rio u s action in propo r tion to its ene r gy ; and the r e fore to
avoid quacke r y the physician ou ght to know previously w hen
Chamo milla may be use fu l and w hen prej u dici al as also how to
proportion the doses that they may be neither t o o powerfu l nor
t o o w eak
I f w e d i d not kno w by a tho u sand other proofs h o w
inconcei v ably blind the science o f medicine called pr actical has
been fo r centuries and h o w it has e mu lated the p u blic in being
u nreasonable it w ould be sufcient to ex amine i mpar tiall y h o w
it has acted w ith re ference to so pow erful an agent as Chamo
milla
In f act no medicine ho w ever polychrest it may be can be
use fu l and salu tary in a tenth part o f the existing diseases ;
neither can this prerogative belong to Chamo milla
But
ad mitting w hat is impossible let us suppose that it can cure a
tenth part o f the d iseases o f which mankind is susceptible is it
n o t clear that i f it is e mployed univ ersally it must be inj urio u s
to the other nine t enths
Is it right t o pu rchase success in one
case ; t o the inj u ry o f the other nine ! What do you mean by
inj u rious effects ! says the co mmon practitioner ; I see none that
depend upon Chamo milla Certainly I reply 3 so long as y o u
are ignorant o f the effects so powerfu l a medicine is capable o f
prod u cing in a healthy person y ou cannot perceive it to be the
so u rce o f the misc h iefs that are caused by the manner I n w hich
o u consider to belong to the c o m
These
evils
ou e mploy it
y
y
plaint itself and attribute the m to the malignity o f that c om
plaint 3 and thus you deceive yourself w hile you are doing
har m to your poor patients But cast your eyes upon the glass
I hold up to you ; read the catalog u e o f sympto ms belonging t o
Chamo mil la ; and then i f y o u fall back in t o your dail y sin i f
u r habit u al use o f this plant
put
no
li
it
to
o
see
m
h
ow
ou
y
y
many among the apparent symp t o ms w ill be attrib u table to
w o r ld

CH A M O M I LL A

151

those belonging to Chamo milla and j udge O f the distress and

pain that w ill be cau sed t o the sick in the abuse o f this sub
stance l n those ca s es in w hich it is n o t suitable and w hen given

in lar ge doses
C L I N IC A L O B SER V A TI O N S N oack a n d T r i n ks : Cha mo
milla is s u itable to veno u s bilio u s constitutions and to the
choleric te mperament It is s u itable to an irritable condition o f
the nervo u s syste m and excessive sensitiveness t o pa n
All
evil e ffects o f moral e motions The consequences O f anger
j ealousy and vexation ; especially w hen producing violent
spas ms O f the chest and throat Different affections o f infants
The screa ming o f infants w hen lasting for hours etc P ai n t i n g
and w eaknesses o f hysteric fe males Catarrhal affections with
o r w itho u t
Inammatory s w elling and induration o f
fever
the glands Catarrhal fever F ever brought on by teething
Diarrh oea o f infants Angina tonsil laris G astric and bilio u s
affections Cramps in the calves of the legs etc etc
According to Hahnemann a very small dose o f Chamo milla
see ms very mu ch to lessen the excessive sensitiv eness t o pain
and the effects it produ ces on the mind F o r this reason it
relie v es many o f the morbid symptoms produced by excessive
use o f co ffee and narcotic substances ; and is on the o her
hand less benecial to those who re main patien t and co mposed
u nder their s ufferings
AN TI DO T ES Co ffea Ignatia P ulsatilla Aconite w hen
Chamo milla produces dragging and draw ing pain relieved by
mo v ement Co ffea re moves many o f the unpleasant sy mptoms
produ ced by Chamomilla when the patient h as n ot been in the
habit O f taking it Chamomill a equ ally destroys the sympto ms
o f Co ffea 3 but i f the latter has be en taken habitually
it is o f
no u s e and also wh en the symp t o ms correspond to N u x
Vo mica
,

XVIII

C I N C H O N A O F F I C IN
P
S YN
c or

MS

N Y

dif oll a

C i n ch

C i n ch

on a c or on a

on a

G u in
D an

G er m,

Ki n

a,

at

Kin

b ar k

uin

Du t

dn

t u b e,

an

th

gh th

r ou

c r ow n e

(L i n

d by

d l ey

q in
u

C h in

u ss

ot

on a c i n er ea

br a

on a r u

I t al

w ast

o ot

JE

C i n ch

C h in

C i n ch

S w ed

a- c h

aest i v at i on

in

S eed s g i r t e

for m

l a h y po cr at er i
A n t h er s l i n e ar , i n

by

an

on a

d Por t

O N O GY N I A

or o l

g i fol i a

b ar k , Ki n ki n

t de g r e e

e c al y x

Sp a n

C in c h

av a

b ar k

pr oj ect in g , exc ept i n a v er y sl i g h

di ss epimen t s i n t o t w o c occi , pen

th

on a

on a obl on

Ki n

P EN T A N D R I A

ar l s

C h i n ai a k or k a

O r d er , R UB I A C E

HA R C a l y x v e
par t e d li mb v al v at e i n

GE

C i n ch

C h in

C i n ch

l an ci fol i a

F
O E G N ME

er u vi an

AL I S

at

th

memb r an

e
ou

s er

te

wi t h

wi t h i n

ve
th

C ap su l e spli tt in g
co mmi ssu r e, an d

l acer at e

wi n g

H I S T O R Y The history o f the discovery o f Cinchona is not ac

u ced into E u rope as a medi
known
It
was
rst
introd
c u r at el
y
cine abo u t the middle o f the seventeenth century by the J es u its
at R ome w h o recei v ed it fro m their b r ethren in P eru 3 hence
it was called J esuits bark P u l vis patr u m P u lv is Cardinalis de
L u go Its medicinal e ffects w ere certainly u nknown t o the natives
altho u gh many fab u lo u s stories have been
o f S o u th America
handed down to us as to the rst mode by w hich its virtu es as a
F or example C o n d ami n i relates that
febrifuge w ere discovered
the lions O f S o u th A merica suffering fro m ag u e w ere c u red by
eating the bark o f a certain tree G eo ffroy gives an acco u nt o f
Indian s affected w ith this malady being cured by drinking at a
.

CI N CH O N A O FF I C I N A LI S

153

in w hich so me o f the bar k o f this tree had fallen He

also relates th at it w a s rst made kno w n t o the S paniards
by a nati v e Indian g r ate fu l fo r sav ing his life Hu mboldt
and Bonpland
and ot h er travellers ho w eve r fo u nd the
natives o f the neighbo u r hood o f L oxa w he r e the tree g r o w s
in great p r o f u sion totally ignorant o f its medicinal vir tu es ;
and Humboldt tells u s o f an o l d tr aditio n th at the J es u its
hav ing accidentally disco v ered the bitterness o f the bark u sed
it as an i n fu s i on i n tertian ag u e and in this manner beca me
acqu ainted w ith its val u able prope r ties : this he thinks a
mu ch less i mprobable t r adition than that w hich asc r i b es its
disco v ery to either lions o r Indians It w as introdu ced into
E u rope i n 1 6 32 altho u gh the rst a u thentic c u re see ms to hav e
been that o f the Co u ntess o f Chinchon w ife o f the Viceroy
in 1 6 40 3 it hence acqu ire d the name o f Cinchona
o f P eru
bar k and P u lvis C o me t i ae It see ms that the J es u its kept the
secret o f thei r w onder fu l febrifu ge fo r many years until it w as
disco v e r ed by an E nglish physician S i r R ober t Talbot w h o
practised in P ar i s in 1 6 7 9 ; he c u red Colbert the P rince o f
Cond and the D au phin o f ag u e and then sold his secret to
and an ann u ity of 8 0 pe r annu m
L ouis X IV fo r
It w as o f s u ch val u e in his time that it w as sold fo r 5 pe r
o u nce It is on e O f the specifi cs o f the Old school o f me dicine
and it is a c u rio u s fact t hat its rst int r odu ction w as most
vehe mently O pposed by the medical pro fession
I t s specic
action in inte r mittent feve r s is well kno w n It has also been
the allopathic school unde r certain cir c u mstances
u sed by
in continued inammatory fe v e r s
In rhe u matis m and in
scrofu lou s i nammation o f the eye In diseases char acterised by
atony and debility I n chronic affections o f the alimentary
canal In passive he morrhages and pro fu se muco u s discharges
In cachectic diseases and as a topical astringent
Independent o f its medicinal vir t u es to the ho moeopathist
this medicine has an additional interest as it is t o the peculiar
e ffects it produced o n Hahne mann w hilst translating C u llen s
fo u ntain

FL O R A

154

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

teria M edica w e are indebted for the discove r y o f the

ho me opathic l aw
DES C RI P TI O N The w hole species are either tall shr u bs or
considerable forest trees co mmonly evergreen and of great
b e auty both in foliage and in ower In consequence of the
excessive demand fo r their bark they seldo m attain fu ll gro w th
L in dl ey enumerates t w enty six species o f which t wenty one are
w ell known
GE OG R A PHIC A L D I ST R I B U T I O N
S outh A merica : in the
vicinity o f L oxa on the P eruvian frontier Of C olombia ; S anta
F de Bogota ; fro m the forests o f Huanuco in P er u ten de
grees south o f the line ; fro m the neighbourhood of Apolo
ba mba and L a P az in Bolivia or U pper P eru betw een ve and
eight degre es still farther south 3 in the ele vated v alleys o f the
fee t above the le v el o f the sea
A ndes fro m
to
The best bark is produ ced fro m trees growing on a dry
rocky soil The bark is collected fro m M ay till N ove mber by
natives w h o are called fro m t his occu pation C as c ar i l l er o s The
trees are so metimes cut dow n for t h e purpo se but o ften the
bark is stripped fro m the trees as they stand
The rst process
is the best becau se i f the trees are cut do w n n ew shoots
speedily spring up and become in their t u rn t fo r peeling in
six or seven years O n stripping the trees the w hole bark c o m
prisi ng the epidermis rete mu cos u m co r tex and liber is r e
moved The drying is co mmon l y conducted not in the woods
w here it is collected but at the nearest inhabited Spot and
great care is observed in the process as the co mmercial val u e
o f the bark depends upon the brightness o f its colo u r inte r
nally and like w ise o n the epider mis being u ninj ured and
covered w ith the lichens w hich are natu rally attached to it
S O indiscr i mi nate and reckless was the destruction o f this
v al u able tree that the Bolivian go v ern ment f ound it necessary
in 1 8 38 to is s u e an edict prohibiting its collection fo r ve
years (C h r i s t i son )
P A R T S U SE D I N M E D ICI N E A N D M OD E OF P R E P A R A T I O N
M

CI N CH O N A

FF ICI N A L I S

155

the Cro w n o r L o xa Cinchona o r o f the Cinchona

av a o r R egia The three rst preparations are made by tritu ra
tion o r by i n fu sing the po w der w ith tw enty parts o f alcohol
This latter is not to be reco mmended The best Cinchona bark
is kno w n by the follo w ing prope r ties
1 The Cro w n ba r k consists entirely o f q u ills si mple o r
double straight o r nearly S O fro m six to fteen inches lo n g
v aryin g in dia meter fro m the si z e o f a cro w q u ill to that O f the
th u mb o r so me w hat larger and in thickness fro m the thirtieth
to the sixth o f an inch The epidermis is alw ays entire 3 the ex
ternal s u r face is cro w ded w ith ne longitu dinal fu rro w s and
crossed w ith trans v erse ss u res ; except in the nest quills it
p r esents vario u s tints o f g r ey inclining so meti mes t o li v er
b r o w n and it is generally covered irregularly w ith minu te
w hite lichens w hich gi v e it he r e and there the appearance o f
silver l ag r e e
2 The Y ello w bark (Cinchona av a) is co mposed partly o f
qu i lls partly o f at pieces The quills called in P eru Calisaya
acolada are generally fro m nine to fteen inches long fro m one
to t w o inches in diameter and fr o m an eighth to a third o f an
inch in thickness ; a fe w ho w e v er are considerably s maller and
thinne r b u t ne qu ills are never seen like those w hich for m a
considerable proportion o f cro w n bark and grey bark ; they are
generally Single an d clothed w ith epidermis They are mu ch
trav e r sed exte r n al ly by longitu di nal w rinkles and trans v e r se
ss u res co mmencing very ro u gh and in colour greyish bro w n
mottled w ith large greyish w hite patches fro m adhering lichens
The inner s u r face is s mooth longitudin ally brous clean and
o f a yello w er cinnamon b r o w n than the cro
The
w n bark
transve r se fr ac t u re is close but bro u s an d splinte r y an d the
bres break under t r itu ration into minu te Shar p spi cu l m w hich
ir r itate the skin ; the taste and O do u r are as in cro w n bark b u t
stronger The at pieces o r Calisaya plancha o f the P er u v ians
so metimes retain the i r epider mis b u t are more co mmonly str iped
Both presen t all the qu alities o f the quilled variety except that
The Bark

FL O R A

1 56

H O M <E O P A T H I C A

the striped pieces have externally the cinn amon bro w n colo u r
They
O f their inner s u r face and are free o f cracks and w r inkles
are fr o m eight to eighteen inches lo n g betw een a line and hal f
an inch in thickness and fro m o n e to four inches in breadth
(C h r i s t i son D i sp p
P H Y S I OLO G ICA L E FF E C T S 0 n A n i mal s Dr F r e i n d (C om
men t 0 xi v ) states that an o u nce and a half o f a strong
decoction o f bark inj ected into the j u g u l ar vein o f a dog cau sed
v iolent palpitation o f the heart and fr equent spas ms 3 hal f an
o u nce more pro d u ced tetanu s and death
0 n M an The topical e ffects are astr ingent or slightly irri
tant ; the constitutional e ffects are principally manifested by the
diso r dered condition o f the v ascu lar an d cereb r o spinal systems
In so me c onditions o f the s y ste m Cinchona operates as an irr i
tant o r sti mu lant P ereira (E l emen t s of M at er i a M ed i c a a r t
I f a man
C i n ch on a p 1 09 1 ) has the f ollo w ing obser v ations :
in a state O f perfect health take a s mall dose of bark n o O b vio u s
e ff ects are produ ce d o r perhaps a little thirst w ith some slight
d iso r der o f the sto mach
or a te mporary excite ment o f the
sto mach may be brought on I f the dose be increased the
ali mentary canal beco mes di sordered (indicated by the nau sea
v o miti n g loss o f appetite thirst and constipation or even p u rg
ing ) ; a febrile state o f the system is set up mani fested by the
e xcite ment of the vasc u lar syste m and dry tong u e and the
cerebro Spinal system beco mes disordered as is sho w n by the

throbbi ng headache and giddiness

M E D IC A L U SES (H O M CE O P A T H I C ) H ah n eman n s o bs er va t i on s :
N e x t t o O pi u m China is O f all medicines that w hich has
been most ab u sed t o the great inj u ry o f mankind It w as not
only held to be inca pable o f doing harm but estee med the most
safe and e f c aC I ou S o f re medies in al most all diseases especially
w here there w as debility and it w as o ften given fo r weeks and
months together in strong doses repeated several ti mes a day
This is e v idently proceeding on a false principle an d j usti
es the reproach I have so frequ ently cast u pon medical pr ac t i
-

C I N CH O N A OFF ICI N A L I S

157

seeking in p reviously formed opi n ions in hypotheses

fo u nded on fancy in theoretical propositions and in casual
effects that which in an experimental science Sho u ld be sought
i n unbiassed t r ials and O bservations made with extre me care
I p r opose these last means in order to avoid conj ectu re and
traditional opinions that have not passe d thro u gh the ordeal o f
experie nce ; and with regard to China I hav e proved that
a ltho u gh it is a certain re medy i n
many cases it ne vertheless
c au ses in persons in health morbid sympto ms frequ ently very
violent and o f long duration
This is s u fcient to re fu te the received O pinion that China
is never inj u rio u s and perfectly innocent and that it acts only
as a re medy
It is not le ss certain agreeably to its morbid e ffect s on per
so ns in good health that its frequent fail u re when used by
co mmon practitioners and the aggravation caused by repeated
strong dos e s in many diseases
which ar e at le ngth rendered
incurable by it are o win g e ntirely to the mischievo u s mistake
o f giving it in cases to which it i s n o t
applicable and in lar ge
doses ; and this is alw ays gratu itously ascribed t o aggravation
o f the nat u r al disease taking place o f itsel f and not the fa u lt o f
the physician
1 Quinine is one o f the most power ful v e getable medicines
when it is employed against a disease t o w hich it is re ally
applicable and when the s u bj ect is severely attacked by that
diseas e I nd tha t a single drop o f the tinctu re s o mu ch
d iluted as to contain only the qu adrillionth par t o f the ess ence
o f Quinine i s o ften too strong but always pow er fu l eno u gh to
perfor m al l that this medicine can e ffect in such a case and it i s
very seldo m that the patient requires a second dose L ong e
per i en c e based o n the closest observation has led me to red u ce
the dose to this extent an d it has clearly proved to me that even
the highest diluti ons exercise a more po werful action than i s
requ ired
Thus I have proceeded diminishing by degrees till I should
t io n

er s, o f

FL O R A

1 58

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

reach the point o f att enuation s u fcient to produce a co mplete

cu re w ithout acting so strongly as to retard it
2 A v ery s mall dose o f China acts but for a very short
time scarcely more than t w o hours 3 but the powerful doses
co mmonly given act fo r whole weeks unless vo miting o r
diarrh oea relie v e the syste m By this w e may j u dge h ow far
the ordinary practice is j u stiable O f prescribing immens e
doses o f Qui nine O ften repeated several times in the day
3 I f the h o mce o pat h i c l aw be true and its truth c annot
be denied Since it is fo u nded in N atur e itself i f medicines
C an only cur e such diseases as are composed O f sympto ms
w e shall
analogo u s to those they excite in a healthy pe rson
nd by studying the sympto ms produ ced by Quinine that it
really pertains to but fe w cases and also that its exceedingly
powerfu l action o ften enables a Single s mall dose to effect an
almost mi r aculous cure
By cu re I u nderstand r e es t ablish ment o f health not i m
paired by any consecu tive co mplaints D O medical men attach
!
m
e
F o r instance
to this w ord any other sense unkno w n to
do they say that an inter mittent fever is cured w hen it has been
s u ppressed by Qu inine i n a case not analogous to it !
I kno w that all maladies o f a reg u lar type and al most al l
inter mittents even those t o which China is not analogous ar e
s u ppressed and silenced by the over mastering inuence o f this
medicine in immense and O ften
repeated doses B u t are t h e
u n fortunate patients b
this
m
eans
really
restored
to
health
!
y
Has not the re medy by not sympathising w ith the existing
disease merely transfor med it into another (thoug h it does not
return by distinct and reg u lar ts ) more continued and le ss
ap par ent ! True the patient can n o longer co mplain that his
p aroxys ms recur at xed intervals 3 but O b s erve the long train
o f sufferin gs
bodily and mental cau sed b v the re medy to
w hich death itself i n so me instances were a bless i ng
Is this health ! I con fess it is not an inter mittent fever
but no one can af r m that it i s really health
It is another d i s

I N C H O N A O FF ICI N A L I S

1 59

excited by Q u inine which was more pote n t than the

intermittent and w itho u t w hich it co u ld n o t have been beaten
do w n and s u spended I f in so me instances the constitu tion
thro w s O ff this new disease after many w eeks t h e inter mittent
fe v er which w as only s u spended reappears in a more severe
for m because the organis m has been s o much in jured by the
treatment it has undergone
I f the China is long continued to prevent the ret u rn o f the
intermittent ac cording to received O pinions then a chronic
Q u inine disease is established
This is the natur e o f the g r eater part o f the alleged cures
effected by Qu inine 3 because o u r practitioners do not kno w in
w hat cases this medicine is really appropriate
In the su p
pression or susp ensio n o f the primitive disorder by exciting a
more po w erfu l Q u inine disease they behold only the O bstinacy
the de v elop ment o f its sy mpto ms and its i n h e
o f the for mer
r ent malignity because they are ignora n t o f its tr u e source and
do not consider it a ctitious disease s u ch as it really is
The study o f the sympto ms o f Q u inine in healthy persons
can alone open the perception o f those w h o are n o t deaf to t h e
voi ce o f conscience and w h o seek to benet their fello w cre w
tu res B u t w hat is least excusable is the a bu se o f Q u inine in
all cases o f debility as is practised and estee med rational by
the prevalent school
As all diseases are follo w ed by w eakness an d may by allo
pathic treatment be bro u ght to the point of t otal exhau stion
there are scar cely any in w h i ch atte mpts have not been made to
fortify the strength by large doses O f Quinine either as i n fu
sions decoctions extract electu ary o r in powder
It is
lavishly used fo r w eeks and months as the chie f ble ssing o f the
invali d
I f the tables o f mortality could Speak they w ould terrify u s
by the recital o f the mischiefs caused by this ab u se N or sho u ld
w e be less shocked i f w e could see the list o f those conde mned
fo r the re mainder o f their lives to the tor ments o f asth ma
c as e ,

160

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

leuco phleg masia and j au ndice t o spasmodic affections organi c

lesions diseases of the bow els and w as t ing fevers
I appeal to the good sense o f pr actitioners H o w can they
thu s indiscri minately pr escribe Q u inine in all cases acc ompanied
by debility ! H o w can they expect to give strength t o any o n e
w hose disease is u ns u bdu ed !
Have they ever kno w n a man
recover qu ickly by proper means w ithout seeing his strength
retu rn o f itself as his co mplaint disappeared ! B u t i f w eak
ness can only cease by the cure o f the co mplaint h o w abs u rd
to attempt to remove it w itho u t removing its cause ! that
is to s ay by giv in g w ine and bark to an invalid under the
in u ence o f disease To be able to c u re all w eakness Q u inine
must be the universal me dicine 3 but sad experience prove s that
it is n o t Su ch for the sympto ms it e xcites also prove that it
possesses the character o f a remedy or really curative properties
in but a few cases
It is tr u e that upon rs t taking Qu ini n e it revives fo r a Short
time the po w e r s o f an inv alid under the most formidable
illness He raises hi mself in his bed as i f by enchantment 3 he
w ishes to get up and dress himsel f ; his voice is stronger ; his
manner r m ; he tries to walk and is eager for food But a
close O bser v er w ill perceive in this an unnat u ral excite ment
After a fe w h o urs the di s ease gain s power anew and fre quently
death approaches w ith redoubled speed
The suspicious strength that the patient feels for a Shor t time
is alw ays followed by bad effects u nless in cases where Quinine
is the tr u e remedy Then w e shall perce iv e the disease and
the w eakness cease together ; but this is not a common case
becau se there are but fe w diseases that Qu inine is capable o f
curing promptly du rably and absol u tely In all other cases
In
i t is pernicio u s in proportion t o its great medicinal power
fact it is a r u l e w i t h ou t excep t i on t h a t a l l med i ci n es t h a t fa i l
-

to

c u r e,

u es t i on

th

bec a u s e t h ey
do h

d oses

ar

a r e n ot

a c cor

p r op er l y

t
ed t o t h
p

ada

di n g t o t h ei r p ot en cy

an

mp l a i nt i n

e co

d t h e l ar g

en ess o

CI N CH O N A OFF I C I N A LI S

16 1

It is there fore n ecessar y fo r medical me n to s t udy effects

healthy persons and see the changes produced u pon
u pon
the m be fore they attempt to cure disease and debility by an
agent so exceedingly po w erful They Sho u ld acqu aint them
sel ves with the various forms o f Q u inine dise ase be fore they
can deter mine I n w hat cases it is the tting re medy for it is
only such as rese mble its o w n entire sympto ms that can b e
cu red by it In not follo w ing this rule we s t ray fro m the right
road and do more harm than good
But w hen w e make a conscientio u s investigation and do not
allo w o u rselves to be g u ided by th eories by deceptive names O f
diseases and u ncertain authorities when w e nd this s u bstanc e
to be the true re medy that which is real ly and perfectly
adapted to the case i n question then Quinine i mparts true
strength It for t i e s because it c u re s ; fo r it is only a frame
freed fro m disease that can regain its po w ers ; they cannot be
inf u sed into it by decoctions o f w ine and bark
U nder some circumstance s debility is the disease itself
then Q u inine gives real stren gth becau se it he al s This hap
pens w hen the affection depends u pon c au ses of exhau stion
Then almost all the other sympto ms coincide with China ; in
another case i f no oth er disease exists increasing that loss o f
the humours etc this debility beco ming a disease yields to one
pro v ided o n e is care fu l at the same time to
or t w o w eak doses
enforce u pon the patient a suitable way o f living no u rishing
regimen pure air amusement etc Then s mall doses ar e as
benecial as large ones repea t edly taken are prej udici al
The well known value o f Qu inine in cases o f weakness
caused by the ab u ndant loss O f various humours has ten d ed to
pu t medical prac t itioners u pon a syste m most u niversally
adopted
This method consists in cr eat i n g w eakness by the abstraction
o f hu mours
under the idea of causing the o ffending matter to
be more easily expel led W hen such treatment especially that
based upon aperients has continued some time not only the

162

FLO R A

H O M tE O P A T H I C A

irritation of the inte stinal canal has created a disease that su s

pends the former one until i f acute it has reached its ter mina
tion but a stat e o f wea kness h as been produced in w hich
Q u i nine is really e f cacious But no o n e is aware at w hat a
fatal price this c u re is obtained
Thus among other things Spring tertian fevers w hich i f le ft
t o the mselves wo u ld last so me weeks require u pon this sys
t e m tre atment fo r month s ; at the e n d O f which the patient
rej oices that his life has been spared w hile a few days wo u l d
have su fced fo r the cure O f his rst disease Hence the rule
so Often inculcated n o t to give Quinine in intermittent fever
until the body has been thoroughly cleared fro m all mor b i c
matters o r what is the same thing until the intestinal disease
produ ced by art has exceeded the natural ter m o f duration of
the fever ; so that weakness alone re mains to contend with
against w hich Quinine is naturally successful after the patient
has endured long sufferings
This was and is stil l called in many instances acting in a
methodical and rational w ay
It i s as much so as w o u ld be
robbing the wi dow and the orphan to enrich the poor box
Quinine having for its rst consequence an aperient effect
w il l be f ound fo r that reason very use ful in certain cases o f
d i ar r h ce a provided t h e pat i ent has no other sympto ms in
opposition to it
In studying cases of moist ext ernal gangrene one may per
in t h e general habit o f the patient morbid sympto ms
c ei v e
rese mbli n g those o f Quinine which explains why P eruvian
bark i s S O valuable in such circumstances
I have so metimes seen pains which a mere touch or the
least move ment increased to intensity and w hich as described
by the sufferer greatly rese mbled th os e cau sed by Q u I n I n e
ield
at
once
and
nally
to
a
little
dose
o f diluted tincture
y
altho u gh the attacks had O ften rec u rred 3 t h e evil w as c u red
ho moeopathically and health restored as by enchant me n t N o
,

C I

N C H O N A O FF I C I N A L I S

163

other me di cine in the world could have produced such an

e ffect because no other is capa ble of causing this sympto m
Quinine is seldo m e ffectual unle ss it dist u rbs the rest o f the
patient at night as it does that o f persons in health who make
trial O f it
There are so me cases o f suppuration in t h e lungs but few in
nu mber principally such as are accompanied by shooting pains
in the breast e x cited or increased by e xternal press u re that
have been c u red by Quinine under the condition o f rese m
blance in o t her sympto ms
Then one o r t w o weak doses
separated by a long interval have produ ced the c u re
There are also so me fe w cases O f j aundice rese mbling the
sympto ms O f Quin ine These yield as by magic to one or at
most two doses o f the tincture and health is co mpletely
restored
An intermittent fever must bear a very close resemblance to
t h e Q u inine sympto ms for thi s medicine to be the true re medy
in which case the disease is conquered by a sin gle dose B u t
i t is best to give it imme diat ely after an attack before nature
has had time to prepare the next Whenever physicians ai m
by large doses to cut Short a fever to which it is n o t appropriate
they give it j ust before the attackthe period when that
violence so much to b e dreaded i n its after r esult s produ c es
the most certainly the effect expected from it
Qu inine makes a permanent cure o f an inter mittent marsh
fever only i f the pati ent can change the ai r during the treatment
and until his strength is restored I f h e re main i n the ma r shy
the cause o f h i s illness c ontinue s t o act upon h i m and
e f u vi a
the re medy though r epeat ed produce s no more effect In t h e
same man ner the complain ts caus e d by the abuse o f co ffe e
yield readily to the prop er remedy but reappear fro m ti me t o
time i f th at beverage be not di scontinued
But how can we reconcile t h e extraordinary manner in which
Qu i nin e has been employ e d with t h e idea o f sub stitut ing o t her
.

FL OR A

1 64

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

drugs fo r this substance w hich differs so decide d ly from all

other medicines by the w ay in w hich it modies the he al th o f
a person and the energ y w ith w hich it acts u pon h i m ! H o w
can w e expect to nd a succedaneum for Q u inine that is to
meet among s u bstances differing so greatly fro m it w ith one

m
v
!
possessing the sa e irtues E very species animal v egetable
is it not a distinct bein g o r s u bstance that cannot be
or mineral
confo u nded with any other even in external appearance ! W as
there e v er a man so shortsighted as to mistake the P er u v ian
bark for a w illow tree o r an ash for a horse chestnu t ! tr ees
that have S O little rese mblance to each other These distinctions
apply to on e sense alone 3 how must they be mu ltiplied by u sing
all and still more when the various s u bstances are tested by
trying their effects on persons in heal th !
I acknow ledge that s u bstanc e s that have been proposed as
s u bstitutes for Quinine fro m the lo fty ash to the humble lichen
fro m arsenic to sal ammoniac have all suppressed inter mittent
But observers have stated in speaking O f the m that
fevers
each has frequently s u cceeded when Quinine has failed or done
harm Is it n o t clea r that these fe v ers d i d not rese mble each
other ! Had they been homoeopathic to Quinine it w ould hav e
cured the m and no other me dicine could have done so
It is not only in the bitterness the astringency the aro ma of
Q u inine but in i t s whole subs t ance that the indivisibl e and
dynamic property o f modifying the state O f h ealth resides 3 in
regard t o which it differs fro m every other kno w n medicine
E ach o f the medicin al substanc e s that have been boasted o f
against intermittent fevers exercise upon mankind by the laws
o f nat u re a special action pec u l iar t o itself
The Author O f all has appoint ed that each medicine sho u l d
differ in proportion from all others that the diversity o f modes
o f actio n sho u ld sufce t o mee t all the sympto ms o f the innu
mer ab l e diseases to which mankind is subj ect
I f every febri fuge while i t failed in some cases has really
cured o t h ers as I grant i n in st an c es wher e i t h as b een used
,

CI N CH O N A OFF I CI N A L I S

165

singly it must have been w hen the disease was app ropriate to it
alone and different fro m that which another has cured Con
sequently those fevers w hich are cured by different remedi es
mu st be different fro m each other as well as the re medies
the mselves w h ich cannot there fore be considered equivalent o r
capable O f taking place of each other
N ature is far more various in the proper t ie s with wh i ch sh e
has endo wed medicines than the co mpilers o f M ateria M e di ca
have imagined Also S h e is innitely more varied in the diver
sities she causes in the hu man system than pat hologists are
aw are o f in the fe w do z en forms o f diseas e s of which even
they cannot make a faithfu l picture
It wo u ld signify littl e that in mi xing as they do Quin ine
and Iron together physicians produce a mixture of dis agreeable
appearance and t aste which is lik e ink ; but th ey must be t old
that the result is a substance possessing neither the virtues O f
bark n or O f iron This is because iron so me t i mes acts as an
ant idote in cas es w here Qu i nine has been inj u rious 3 while
Quinine has pu t a st op t o e ffects caused by iron wrongly given
Iron however can only destroy a part o f t h e hurtful pro
e r t i e s o f Quinine such as have an al ogy to the sy mp t o ms caused
p
by the for mer in a healthy person
After long treatment in which large doses o f Quinine have
been given many inconveniences Often remain which r eq uire
other me di cines Very o ft en these Quinine diseases are carrie d
to such a degree o f exasperation that it is difcult to free the
s u fferer from them and snatch h i m fro m d eath In such cases
ipecac u anha more frequently arnica and so metimes belladonna
are given accor d ing to the nature o f the sympto ms Verat r u m
when Q u inine h as caused chilliness o f the
al bum is s u i table
body w ith cold s w eats provided there is also accordance b e

tw een the symp t oms of the dis ease and those o f the medicine

A
N oa ck a n d T r i n ks
A
O
V
S
L
I
IC
L
B
SER
TI
O
N
The general
N
C
act ion o f China results in a state o f asthenia
E xha u stion o f
t h e vit al powers o f the whole organis m or o f Single parts
,

FL OR A

166

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

organs and syste ms acco mpanied by excessiv e sensitiveness

and irritabili ty o f the ner ves o r w ith relaxation of the solids
Deciency o f animal heat Disposition to passive he morrh age
fro m every orice o f the syste m and deco mposition o f the
organic matte r D iseases w ith periodical type point to China
China is partic u larly s u itable fo r debility occasioned by a great
l oss o f ani mal u i d s particularly after excessive and frequently
re p eated venesections and after he morrhage (in this case also
Aur
after exhau stin g cathar tics and purgatives (it w ill
there fore frequently be found usefu l in acute affections w hich
have been treated in o l d school fashion) In g al ac t o r r h uaa after
long n u rsing w hich is fr equently attended w ith an aemia
emaciation ; after excessive loss o f the
oede ma o f the feet
u ids profu se s w eat ; ptyali s m s u pp u ration ; in d i ar r h caa
arising fro m w eakness and atony o f the digestive appara
t u s 3 in lienteria arising fro m a Similar cau se 3 after long
continued sitting u p at night ; after heav y acu te diseases 3
in affections res u lting fro m the contin u ance o f i mmoderate
passions mental exertions and want o f Sleep In all s u ch cases
so me of the follo w ing sy mpto ms are generally present : e xc e s
sive sensitiveness o f the w hole nervous syste m ; debility
exhaustion intolerance o f n oise 3 extre me anxiety and ap
p r eh ensiveness ; hypochondria 3 par alysis ; si n ging rin ging
and roaring i n the ear s paleness o f co u ntenance ; swoons ;
s w eat after the slightest exercise partic u lar ly in the nape
and back chest and thighs ; restless night s
o f the neck
sleep dist u rbed by frightful fancies and dreams Atrophy
Asthenic passiv e i n ammat i o n s R he u matic affections H ae
Arthri t ic a ffections
Hyd r argyrosi s
mo r r h oi d al suff erings
F evers
Dry and humid gangrene
R he u matic fevers
Asiatic cholera Slow fevers Inter mittent fe v e r s Chilliness 3
short chilliness w ithout thirst ; C hilliness follo w ed by heat ;
thirst s u cceeded by chilliness ; chilliness w itho u t thirst ; i n
ternal heat and external coldness ; heat with b u rnin g thirst
Bleeding o f the nose
N ervo u s and rhe u matic prosopal gia
,

CI N CH O N A O FF I C I N A LI S

167

derange ment G astr ic and bilio u s affections G astr al

gia and cardialgia Tympanitis Bilious diar r hoea Yello w ish
diarrh oea
D iarrh oea p assing O ff w ithout being aware o f it
A menorrh oea L ong lasting lochial discharge L e u corrhoea
H ae moptysis P leuritis P neumonia P alpitation o f the heart
Ac u te articu lar rhe u matism etc
AN TI DO T ES To s mall doses A r s en i c u m Arnic a Bella
donna Calcarea Capsicu m Carbo v eg et ab i l i s Cina F e r
r u m
Ipecac u anha M erc u ri u s N atr u m N u x vo mica P u l
satilla S epia S u lphu r and Veratrum S elenium agg r avates
the pains caused by Chin a
G astric

XI X

C I C U T A VIR O S A
P oi son ou s C owba n

Wa t er

e,

MS

NY

C i cu t a aqu at i ca, M

urr a
y

Wepf er

R ay
Si um er u c ae f ol i o , B h I I w
C i cu t a vi r osa, H u d s F l o r
Pa r k , H a l l , F l or D a n
faci e, L

abel ,

O EG
R

W t h

Ger m : D er
C eg u d e

D a/n

GE

at

HA R

th e d

oo

er i ch

Du t

Fl

v i r eu se,

Wat er

Van d sk ar n t y d e

so

C ig u e

O r d er , UM

NA MES F r

u ss

B E L L I F E R JE

lin g

O meg

E N

wi h

an

pr i g h t ,

s c ar cel y

t u mi

at

th

ly

n e ar

of

r eg u

ve i n

su

b sequ

l ar

sh ape

poin

of u n

i on

) fu r n i sh e d

wit h

a e

vi

al

HA R

pi men t s ;
S eg men t s
t er mi n

al

F ig

Th

mag n i ed

r ea

r ecep t a c l e

e si

es

de

on es

for m

l l

th

mmi ssu r e

er

un

D ou b l e

d
t d t

t ta,
-

w an t in g 3 p a r t i a l ,

SP

sh ape

l o o se

a.

C ar p op h or e, (r e cept acl e of t h e fr u i t ) t w o par e , r an sv e r s e

Un i ver s a l i n vo l u c r u m o f few l eav es, o r
S eed n ear l y r o u n
.

s e c t i on

t wo

ve

d sh p d h o t
di g
g t d Sp

r ea

spr ea di n

p e t s , w i t h v e at t i sh , e qu al r i b s, o f w h i ch t h e t w o l at er al
a mar g i n
C h a n n el s (i n t er st i ces) wi t h si n g l e v i t t ae, w h i ch
even i n a dr i e
st at e , b u t t h en l e s el ev at e
t h an t h e r i b s
C

(ju n ct u r e or
membr an e

th

at

ear

c ar

G er men i n f er i or ,

Fl or

al

el o n

tly

en

S t i g ma s b l u n t , al most c api t at e
d per man en t
Fr u i t r ou n i sh , c o n t r ac t e
pr esse , w i t h er i n g
an

v er s el
y

b as e ;

C i g u e d eau
Por t
vi r o sa

eu se,

I A D I GY N I A

A N DR

B ot

C i cu t a

i n exed poi n t Fi l amen t s v e , t h r ea

a s l on
h
ab ou t
as
t
e c or ol l a
A n t h er s r ou n di sh
g
h emi sph er i cal , c ompr es se , r i bb e
S t y l es t w o, t h

pe t al s,

gl

P T

i for m, per fe ct , an d
l eafy mar g i n
C or o l l a

maju s

vn

I t al

ow er s u n

mew h at

Ang

C i cu t ai r e

s ch eer

m ol u sat r i
an g u st ifol i u m

Si u m al t er u

Si u m

'

B er g i u s,
ar/u

Wa t er

L on g l ea ved

ow a n e,

ml ock

H
S YN

of

man y

l eav e s

r oo

O l l o w,

T k f t h
b di p d i
r u n

s ose

r es

S pe ar -sh ape

Fl ow er

wh i t e

d i i d ed i t l l b y
wh o l e d f c i l s
L
Umb l Oppo i t
t d

ser r a e

as

o ce

c e

an sv er s e

ea v es

e s

tr

cal

th

t wi ce
e

di s s e

ter n at e

l eav es ,

an

(B axt er )

ow er

r ac t

C al y

G er men

x,

an

d pi s t i l s ,

ll

CI CUTA

VI

RO S A

169

H I S T O RY
The Cicuta Virosa has been considered by so me
au thors ,and amongst the m Haller to be the xwvemv o f Dios
c o r i d es
and the herb fro m which the poison used by the
G reeks to kill their cri minals was extracted 3 others suppose
that a mixtu re of d iff erent s u bstances w as e mployed Ho w ever
it is not at all u nlikely that this plant b eing fro m its excessive
virulence a more t instr u ment o f death w as u sed in pre
ferenc e to the Conium
S ocrates drank C i cu t a as also did
P hocion ; recent commentators ho w ever consider that the
Athenian Cicuta and Conium are identical Altho u gh formerly
prescribed its u se n o w is u niversally superseded by the C onium
maculatu m and it is at present only occasionally employed
under the old school as a po u ltice to relieve gouty and rhe u
matic pains
DES C R I P TI O N The Cicuta Virosa is a perennial plant
The r oot is tu bero u s hollo w
F low ers in J u ly and A u g u st
divided into cells by transverse partitions ; bres cylindr ical
sl ender in whorled fascicles S t em fro m two to four feet hi gh
hollo w leafy branched fu rrowed s mooth Often reddish 3 its
lower part divided by transverse partitions into large cells
L eaves o n long petioles t w ice ternate bright green
L ea et s
spear Shape d pointed sharply and deeply serrated fro m one to
two inches long more or less remarkably decurrent ; those o f
the u pper leaves very narrow Umbel s upright large many
rayed partly ter min al partly opposite to the leaves Umbel l u l es
o f very numerous
slender rays P a r t i a l i n vol u cr u m o f many
s mall pointed leaves F l ower s w hite
P et al s s mall equal
mu ch i n e xe d A n t h er s and s t y l e reddish F r u i t co mpressed
roundish s mooth ribbed almost black It is one o f the r ankest
o f o u r vegetable poisons
GE OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I BU TI O N A native throughout al l

E urope and S iberia ; and o f N orth America betw een lat 5 4

and
L oc A L I T I E s
I n dit ches and about the margins o f rivers and
lakes N o t co mmon in this country 3 its chief localitie s being
.

1 70

FL OR A

H O M G EO P A T H I C A

in B edf or dsh i r e O akley S p r ings

C a mbr i dg esh i r e : fens b e
tw een E l y and P rickw illo w ; i n the ri v e r abo u t a mile belo w
P rick w illo w Bridge
C h esh i r e : P its ne ar the L ittle M oor a
mile fr o m S tockport 3 P ond t w o miles fr om N orth w ich on the
road to Cheste r and Brereton M ere ; at P ool near N antw ich
C u mber l an d : K es w ick ; banks o f the I r t h i n g at W al t on and
H er efor d sh i r e : H ere ford on the ri v er banks
Irthington
in the W alks K en t : bet w een Cante r bur y and Ashford L i n
col n s h i r e : in the E ast F e n
ch iey on the edges o f the narro w
channels called R o w s M i ddl es ex : near Ho u nslo w 3 Denham ;
and in on e o f t h e ponds near the road at Hayes N orfol k : i n
the riv er abo v e N or w ich ; abou t Y ar mouth ; O l d VVal si n g h am ;
Ho v eton Common N or t h u mber l an d : L ea r mo u th N ot t s : in
N ottingham l P ar k etc
S h r op sh i r e : near H atton ; at B i l d w as 3
VVh i st o n M arsh ; E lles mere M ere ; O xen P ool near S hr e w s
b u ry etc S omer s et : i n so me b oggy gro u nds near S hepton
S t af
M allet and in B u rtle M oor ; in the canal at B at h h ampt on
u
ol h : near Te mple
S
o r d s h i r e : K ingston P ool n ear S ta fford
f
f
Bridge Cav enham ; banks o f the VVav e n ey betw een E ccles
and S t O l av e s ; abo u t Yar mouth not u ncommon S u r r ey :
abo u t Battersea Yor ksh i r e : near Thirsk and N o r thall erton
S C O T LA N D : in the co u nties o f B er w i ck D u mbar t on D u m
fr i es
E di n bu r g h F if e F orfar L an ar k R oxbu r g h and St i r l i n g b u t
not co mmon In I R E L A N D b u t rare
P A R T S U SE D I N M E D I C I NE A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
The fresh R oot w hich is thick w hite eshy elongated trans
pa r ent fu ll o f hair and hollo w 3 gathered at the beg inning o f
the o w ering and fro m w hich a yello w j u ice o f a strong and
disagreeable odo u r and O f an acri d cau stic taste is expressed
This is mixed w it h eq u al parts O f alcohol and the vario u s
attenu ations prepared as be fore directed
P H Y S I O L OG IC A L E FF E CT S O n A n i ma l s Altho u gh perfectly
innoc u o u s to so me animals as goats horses and Sheep t o
others v i z horned cattle dogs etc it proves a most v ir u le n t
a n d fatal poison
W ep fer (C i c u t w a qu at i cae H i s t or i a et N ot ar
.

CIC UT A

I OSA

V R

17 1

pp 1 35 7 6 1 6 7 9) gave an o u nce o f the root o f t his plant c u t

into s mall pieces to a dog ; in half an hour the ani mal foamed
at the mo u th and v o mited 3 violent convulsive move ments
ens u ed ; at o n e time e mprosthotonos at another opisthotonos 3
inabilit y to re main still and on endeavouring t o walk falling on
on e side : this state lasted t w o hours
After death livid spot s
w ere fo u nd along the whole o f the ali mentary canal
The same
a u thor made va rio u s experiments on dogs wolves an d eagles
both w ith the root and the j u ice and all gave analogo u s
res u lts O n examination after death the alimentary canal w as
fo u nd inamed and so me t i mes gangreno u s ; the cav ities o f the
heart were lled with blood so meti mes u id at others con
ge al ed The l u ngs o ften inltrated and gorged w ith blood
seemed inamed as also w as the liver
The cavities o f the
brain contained b u t little serosity ; the vessels of the brain w ere
distended w ith black blood
L inn aeus g l v e s the follo w ing account o f the po w erfu l e ff ects
o f Cic u ta o n hor n ed cattle
Here I was informed o f a disease which had made g r eat
ravages amongst the cattle in this neighbourhood and w hich
w as O f so p estilential a natu re that tho u gh the animal s were
ayed even before they w ere cold w herever their blood had
come in contact with the hu man body it had caused gangrenous
spots and sores S o me persons had had both their hands s w elled
and o n e his face in consequ ence o f the blood co ming upon it 3
many people had lost their lives by it inso mu ch that nobody
w o u ld n o w vent u re to ay any more o f the cattle
E verybody at Tornea w as continually talking to me o f a
diste mper to w hich their horned cattle ar e s u bj ect and w hich
kills many O f the m in the course o f the w inter w hen they lose
On
fro m fty to on e hundred head o f cattle almost every year
w alking t o examine the meado w into w hich they are rst
turned o u t to grass I found it was a h og or marsh where the
W ater Hemlock C i cu t a a qu at i ca (C i cu t a vi r osa E ngl B o t )
grew in abundance and had evidently been cropped plentifu lly
-

FLO R A

172

H O M cE O P A T H I C A

by the ani mals feeding (L i n n aeu s L ach esi s L app on i ca vol ii

pp 1 36 40 ; t r an s by S i r J E S mi t h )
This disease made no regul ar progress nor w as it c o m
mu n i c at e d by infection fro m o n e animal to another The co w s
are driven altogether in the spring to feed in a meadow near
the to w n The sy mpto ms differ in different cases 3 b u t all the
cat t le feeding indiscriminately are sei z ed w ith s w elling o f the
abdomen attended w ith convu l sions and die w ith horri d bel
lowing i n a fe w days N O person dares ventu re to ay the
recent carcases it having been found by experience that not
o nly the hands b u t even the face in consequ ence o f the w ar m
st e am from the body became inamed and gangrenous and
t

a
a
that death nally ens u ed
I had s carcely landed fro m the boat in w hich I w as taken
t o the meado w than the Cicuta presented its elf be fore me
The slightest
an d explained t h e cause o f all this destr u ction
observation teaches us th at brute animals disting u ish by nat u ral
instinct such plants as are w hol eso me t o the m fro m s u ch as are
poisono u s The cattle there fore d o n o t eat this he mlock i n
summer o r a u tu mn ; b u t when rst tu rned o u t in the spring
the herbage is short and insuf cient t o satis fy the m ; probably
also immersed u nder w ater and scarcely perceptibly scented
they are u nable to distin g u ish the w holeso me fro m the perni
cions kinds I re marked that everyw here the radical leaves
only w ere cropped and n o others which conrmed w hat
I asserted In a neighbouring meadow I saw this pl ant cut
w ith the hay fo r w inter food S O that it is n o w onder i f in that
state so me even o f the more cau tious cattle are destroyed by

it (L i n n F l or L app 2 n d edit p
O n M an M any fatal accidents ha v e occ u rred fro m eating
the root o f the Cicuta Virosa in mistake for that o f the co mmon
parsnip The w hole o f the plant however is poisono u s The
sy mpto ms prod u ced by the roots are vertigo dimness o f sight
headache and difc u lt respiration ; burning pain at the sto mach
and vo miting acco mpan i e d by heat and dryness o f t h e throat
,

CIC UT A

I RO SA

1 73

and in so me cases convulsions preceding death The mu cous

me mbranes w ere found congested and dark u i d blood in the
sinuses o f the brain W ep fer (l C ) mentions the case o f a man who
had eaten largely o f the root being fo u nd with his face greatly
s w ollen and his eye s protruding breathing with great di i
c u lty and foaming at the mo u th He w as seiz ed with a severe
epileptic t his li mbs ass u med a tetanic s t iffness ; there was
spas modic breathing w ith per fect u nconscio u sness w hich state
w as soon ter minated by death
The only marked appearances
w ere u idity o f the blood and patches o f redness o n the mucous
me mbrane o f the sto mach
F o u r children betw een ve and seven years o f age at e
the roots O f this plant instead o f parsnips ; w ithin half an
hour they were all seiz ed w ith e xtreme nausea b u rning
pain at the epig astriu m and colicky pain s I n the bowels
They all complained on reaching ho me o f sickness for w hich
warm milk w as given them E fforts to vo mit w ere induced ;
in one there w as fu ll vo miting b u t in t h e other three nothing
was ej ected from their sto machs In t w o O f t hem the pains
gradual ly increased and in abo u t t w o ho u rs from the time
o f their eating t h e r o o t s they were labo u ring u nder co mplete
co ma with te t anic convulsions the j aw s rigidly xed pro
fo u nd stertor and the w hole face p u ffed and bloated ha v ing
precisely the appearance of the head o f a person w h o had been
so me hour s under w ater 3 pulse intermitting so metimes imper
c e t i bl e
E
f
f
u t ene mata o f
etics
were
gi
en
without
e
ect
b
v
m
p
castor oi l and oi l o f tu rpentine were employed with great
relief O n e o f the children died in th r ee hours the others

recovered (B a dg el ey M mt r ea l M ed G az J une
Dr S ch l ei ser me t with the followin g case
A girl aged
eight had eaten this plant ; w as fou nd qu ite insensible her
respiration was feeble and rattling the p u lse soft s mall and
scarcely perceptible the p u pils dilated and xed the face
pall id limbs accid abdo men distended and there w as general
coldness o f the surface with an entire loss of the po w er o f
.

174

FLO R A

s w all owi ng

Th

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

patient died in abo u t si xteen ho u rs (C an

st a t t s J ah r b
1 8 44 v
A boy aged si x years ate some o f the root o f the Cicuta
aqu atica w hich he mistook fo r parsnip ; in a very sh o r t t i me
h e suffered from great anxiety at the pr aecordia spoke a fe w
w ords and fell to t h e ground
A Short t i me after w ards horrible
conv u l sive move ments came o n 3 he lost the use o f his senses
and his mou th w as r mly closed 3 he gro u nd his teeth ; the
eyes w ere tu rned up in an extraordinary manner and blood
w as discharged fro m the ears 3 he tried t o vo mit without being
able t o open his mo u th ; his head w as constantly thrown back
and there was s evere opisthotonos The convu lsions gradual ly
ceased and he expired abo u t half an hour after the rst invasion
The abdo men and face w ere s w ollen after
o f the sympto ms
death an d there w as Slight lividity about the eyes ( W epfer
l
pp 5
H ah n eman n s obs er vat i on s
M E D ICA L U SES
M ore profo u nd and co mplete investigation w ill Show that
this remedy is benecial in uncommon cases to which no other
medicine is ho moeopathically adapted and above all in chronic
cases fo r I have seen its action continue fo r three w eeks even
in s mall doses U ntil now it h as never been giv en internally
fo r w hene v er Hemlock w as prescribed as it frequently was
some years ag o Conium maculatum w as always understood
The j u ice O f Cicuta virosa was only used externally as r e
co mmended by L inn aeu s It enters into the composition o f the
Hemlock plaster o f the Danish P harmacop oeia which was
applied t o soothe go u ty pains
The j u ice o f the fresh root (for when dried it is le ss power
fu l ) is S O active that in the common practice no one dares to
give it internally as it is usual to give none but large doses It
has therefore been set aside and its healing qualities dis
regarded
The h o mo pat h s only take advantage o f i t s virtues making

use o f the thirtieth dilution

.

-t

CIC U T A

I OS A

V R

B S E R VA TI O N S N oa ck

17 5

Cic u ta may
be u se fully exhibited in convulsions in w o men and children
hence eclampsia also spas ms d u ring delivery and during
conne ment Conv u lsions brought on by the ab u se o f O piu m
Hysteric sp as ms and tetan u s Catalepsy O pisthotonos Tris
mu s Tremor O f the limbs L ichen agri u s Achor Impetigo
sparsa P orrigo l ar v al i s Herpes fu rfu raceus Herpes labi
alis
L ong lasting p u st u lo u s con u ent cutaneous er u ptions
for ming thick yello w cr u st w ith b u rning pain
M entagra
Cholera Asiatica w hen v iolent tonic spas ms o f the pectoral
muscles and distortion o f t h e eyes alternate w ith vo miting and
the diar rh oea is scanty and rare M ental affections Ambly
opia ama u r otica w ith cerebral affections S pas ms o f the (E s o
w
S
a u s
ellings o f the throat threatening suffocation
h
p g
G astric affections etc

T
E
s
T
I
D
O
AN
To large doses Tobacco S trong e metics given
as soon as possible ; ene mata O f O il o f Tu rpentine w ith Castor
O il
To small doses Arnica Cicut a ant idotes O pi u m
C

I N IC A L

an

d T r i n ks

XX

C INA

T
M
S
I
A
E
I
(

C ON

AR

N ON

mes

ver

A r t emi si a

t emi s i a

ph i u m, D ad

m,

m
y

Ab

Wor mseed

S emen

m S emen
.

au st r i ac

t r i d en t i n

t en

Si n

cy n as, s eu
z ed oar i es.

A b si n t h

Semen t i n

Ab

o b.

Ab

tra

on

Semen

a.

i fol i u m, C l u s H i st

m h er b ar i or ,

ai , seu

ser

Semen

Ger m : Z i t t t er saame,

a r i ae.

san c t u

J a cq

B ar/u h

O E G N ME E
R

S emen

au st r i aca.

ifol i u

t on i ca, L i n /n

s an

pon t i cu m t en

l u mbr i cor u m

seu

z i n ae

YM S

TR A )

S ou t h er n wood

T ar t ar i an

SY

c on

t r a,

W u r msaame

ar

b ot i n

I t al

Semen t i n

e,

Some

san u

e,

to

G r ai n
P

ol

d e Z ed o

C y t wa

r o s oe-n asi en e .

N at

O r d er , C

O R YM B I F E R JE

HA R

i mb r i cat e

SP

HA R

Sp i k es

ecep

wi t h

t a cl e

r ou n

St m l
e

on e -r an

ke

ei

de d

ea ves

th er

r e exe d

h ai r y
v er g i n g

c on

pi n

S Y N G E N ES I A

U P E R FLU A

GE N

Ju ss

n at e ,

s c al es

li n

P app u s n on e
Fl or et s of t h e r ay
.

al

n on e

mu l t i d B r an c h es u n di vi d ed
c ompo se d o f v e o r et s

ear

Fl ow er

n ak e

or

P OLYG A M I A

H I S T O R Y The A r t emi si ae to w hich su d VI S I O n belongs the

drug known as Cina in t h e homoeopathic M at eria M edica held
a pro minent place amon g the medicinal substances o f t h e ancient
physician s fro m Hippocrates t o S erapion They w ere chiey
recommended as febrifu ge sto machic and anthelmintic In mo
dern times under the allopathic school Cina has e n tirely gone o u t
o f u se
The modern Greek P h ar mac opcei a contain s t w o Speci es
-

F ig
r ay

1
.

Th
On

e r oot

e of

th

In

d i vi si o n

vo l u cr u
s of

th

in

F l o r et

vol u cr u

of

th

e c en

tre

F l or e t

of

th

CI N A

177

which are de scribed under the names Ar t e misia absinthium and

Arte misia Contra This latter i s the A santonica or Contra o f
L inn aeus i t s name being an abbreviation o f Contra vermes
L indley Veg et K i n g dom p 7 05 ) says that the drug call ed
S emen contra o r S emen C i n ae is made up o f the o w e r heads O f
many species o f Arte misia ; those w hich form the principal
part o f this s u bstance are A S i eb er i A L ar ch ean a A Contra
and A pau ci or a : the o w er heads o f A V ah l i ar i a also
fu rnish o n e o f the kinds o f W or mseed called S emen C i n ae
L e van t i cu m or S e men C i n ae in grains It w as formerly supposed
that the virtues o f the Artemisia Contra as a vermifu ge resided in
the bi t t er n e ss o f the extract 3 but according to the experiments
o f Baglivi and R edi
lumbrici i mmersed in the infu sion o f this
substance were killed in ve to seven hours ; w hilst i n an
infu sion o f w ormwood th ey continued t o live for thirty hours
and u p w ards S o that the ver mifuge effects co u ld not w holl y
depend upon the bitterness o f th i s substance
D E S CR IP T I O N
The plant is a hardy shrub perennial
and o w ering in the autumn
The drug is made up of
undeveloped owers calyc es and frag ments o f peduncles
mixed w ith foreign matters It is importe d from Barbary and
the L evant ; the la tter being dee med the best being less
ad u lterated an d o f a greenish hue and s mooth ; w hile that
from Barbary is grey and do w ny
M Tournefort gives the
following account o f this drug in the second volume o f his
Travels : The S e mentine o r W orm powder is not gathered
like o u r seeds The plant gro w s in the meadows and must be
let r i pen 3 and the mischief is that as it gro w s n ear to maturit y
the w ind scatt ers a good par t o f it among the grass where it is
lost and this makes it so dear As they dare not to u ch it with
the han d fo r fear O f making it s poil the sooner when they
wo u ld gather w hat w as left in the ear they have recourse to
this expedient : they take t w o hand baskets and walking alo n g
the meadows sweep t h e baskets the o n e fro m right to left the
o ther fro m le ft t o right as i f the y were mowing 3 by this me ans
.

'

FL OR A

178

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

the seed is shaken o u t into the baskets

The adulterations
are the seeds o f the Tansey (Tanacet u m v u lgare ) and the
The latter are kno w n fro m
M u gwort (Arte misia v u l garis )
being o f a bright yello w colour and rese mbling powdered hay
GE OG R A PHICA L D I S T R I B UTI O N Asia M inor ; the L e v ant 3
Africa 3 Barbary 3 P ersia 3 frontiers of M u scovy The diff erent
species over most parts o f E urope
P A R T S U SE D I N M E D I C I NE A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
The whole substance as importe d fr eed as much as possible
O n e part is infu sed in t w enty parts o f alcohol
fro m imp u rities
t o prepare the tincture b u t it is reco mmended to prepare the
three rst attenuations by tritu ration as more likely t o preserve
and develope the virtu es o f this plant
M E D IC A L U SES
H a h n eman n s obser va
t i on s
However important the properties o f Cina may be it
has for ages been used exclu sively for children to expel w orms
in doses o f ten t w enty thirty and sixty grains I pass over
in silence the freq u ent fatal e ffects o f such doses ; n o r d o I
in children otherw ise healthy
u rge that so me k inds o f w or ms
are n o t to be considered v ery serio u s and that frequ ently their
presence does not lead t o any gr eat inconvenience w hile psora
re mains latent B u t it is ce r tain that w hen these creatu res
exist in great numbers they indicate a morbid state O f body
and O f developed pso r a ; w ith o u t the c u r e o f w hich they w ill
in spite O f Cina ; so that their exp u lsion
n o t fail to reappear
av ails nothing and a treatment so ill directed o ften res u lts in
the death o f the child after having been lo n g tor mented
Cina has healing vi r tu es most precious in other circum
stances as w e may be convinced by studying its sympto ms in
persons in health
erful
E xperience will prove fo r instance that it has a po w
e ffect in whooping
cough and i n certain inter mittent fe v ers
acco mpanied with v o miting and canine hung er
I o mit
other cases in which it is equ ally adv antageous and which the

ho moeopathic physician w ill readily discover

.

CI N A

1 79

C i na may be
administered in the following affections Conv u lsions E pilepsy
(fro m w or ms ) E clampsia W orm sympto ms o f children with
febrile sympto ms etc
Quotidian and tertian fe v ers recurring
after large doses o f Quinine : l Chill iness w itho u t thirst fo l
lo w ed by heat with thirst after the heat sweat 2 Chillin ess
w ith mu ch thirst
3 F e v ers w here the thirst is present only
d u r mg the cold stage and where the patient vo mits once or
t w ice Cina has also c u red inter mittent fevers w hen vo miting
w itho u t diarr hoea or diarrh oea witho u t vo miting is present the
r e medy being indicated by the dilatation o f the p u pils and the
clean tongue
Chronic vo miting o f children w h o s u ffer
fro m wor ms
Inv olu ntary noct u rnal enu resis in child r en s u f
fe r i n g fro m atrophy
Whooping co u gh particularly in s cr o fu
lo u s children having w orms W hooping cou gh in the c on v u l
si v e s t age particu l arly w hen the spas modic cough ends in
v omiting w hen the body beco mes rigid d u ring the paroxys ms
o f co u ghing an d partic u l arly w hen a g u rgling noise fro m the
throat d o w n into the abdo men is heard after the paroxys m D r
G ray notes that Cina deserves attention in the bronchial catarr hs
w hich re main after measl e
s especi al ly s u ch as have a kind o f
hec t i c fever w ith them
A N T I DO T ES Bryonia China Hyoscyamus Ipecacuanha
C

O B SER V A TI O NS

I N IC A L

0 ac t

an

d T r i n ks :

XX I

C L E M AT IS E R E C T A

U
r
h
t
V
i
i
n
p ig
rg

OW

SH

F l

F l ammu l

s i ve,

mmu l a J ovi s

a su r r ect a al b a,

F l ammu l a

B au

mH i

vol

ii

B au h

r ect a,

st

B ower

p 1 27

C l emat i s

H m, p 300

T ow

I n st

F l ammu l a J ovi s su r r ect a, G er ar de, p 333 ; Pa r k T h ea t p 38 2 ;

ai i
621
C l emat i s c au l e er ec t a, fol i i s pi n n at i s ovat o l an ceol at i s, F l or A u st
S t ar c h L i bel l a d e F l a m J ov
C l emat i s r ect a L i n n , Sp , pl
.

O E G N ME F
I

C l e mat i t e
S wed

at

Sp a/n
C l emat i s
.

C l emat i t e d eor t e

C l emat i d e

Du t

GE N

O r d er , R A N

ob l o n

or o l l a

mi n al
g

HA R

g u l ar

H i st

t ab 2 9 1 3
.

ol

wal dr eb e

r en

I t al

o wo

U N C UL A C E JE

J u ss

a ly x

s epal s ;

n on e

of

t wo

sh ape

(cor o l l a ) i n fer i or
e

Fi l a men t s

o b l on

b u d , ei t h
n u

D an

an

di t
n

of

ti n g

o a r ou n

fou r

sw el l i n

l at er al l y

r ar el
y

er v al vu l ar or
,

P O L Y A N D R I A P OLYGY N I A

men

e st a

S t i g ma s
-

Si

mer ou s

g l ob es , b u r

c ol l ect e

in t h

si x, or ei g

fol d ed i n
pw ar

G er men

ve

at

th

ht,

e e

A n t h er

su per i or

r e

dg s

t er

sessi l e ,

S t y l es t er mi n al , l o n g er t h an
i ca r p s (s eeds of L i n n ) i n eh i scen t ,

ea

mpl e P er
n u mer ou s
e g g sh ape d c ompr es sed on e s ee de d pl ac e d on
most l y feat h er in g tail
c ept acl e an d t er mi n at e d b y a l on g
L ea et s o v at o l an c eol ate
S P E C C HA R
L ea v es pin n at ed
Fl ower s t et r apet al o u s an d pen tapet al ou s
S t em er ec t
th

eg

C l emat i s

Ger m

2 945

L in

a c api t at e r e

qu i

te

en

ti r e

H I S T O RY
This plant although e mploy ed as a re medy by the
early physician s in so me affections o f the liver and diseases o f
.

F ig
3

Th

C l emat i s,

per i c ar ps, w i t h t h ei r feat h er i n g t ai l s

fr om ! An n a , r i t i cu l a sar men t u m, b ecau

i t s pl i an t t w i g s

se

it

cl i

mb s

t r ees by

mean s o f

C LE M A T I S

CT A

E RE

181

the skin fell int o disuse until the time of Baron S t Or ck i n

who rst reco mmended it as a use ful internal re medy i n
many obstinate co mplaints ; chronic diseases o f the Skin ulcers
cancers and severe headaches ; and in a re mar kable case o f
N o t w i t h s t an d
melancholia (v ide S t br ch L i b d e P u l s at p
ing its success it has seldo m been e mployed by other physicians
although it fo u n d a place in o n e o f the earlier editions o f the
The secret o f Baron S t Or ck S s u ccess
E di n bu r g h D i spen s a t or y
consisted in his having u n w ittingly pre scribed this drug accord
ing to the ho moeopathic principle this medicine produ cing
o n persons in health the very sy mpto ms w hich acco mpanied the
diseases in w hich he e mployed it so success fu lly ; and i t is
w orthy o f O bservation that the same result fro m the same
cause occ u rred more than once to S t Or ck w ith drugs w hich
entirely failed in other hands
At the present ti me Cle matis does n o t ent er into any of the
allopathic prescriptions
DES C R I P TI O N The r oot is perenni al white and brous
S t em three feet high leafy striat ed herbaceous greenish or
reddish L ea ves large o pposit e L ea et s from ve to nine
p u bescent underneath petioled F l ow er s w hit e ; in upright
stiff terminal u mbels P ed u n cl es several times ternate P et a l s
oblong obtuse somewhat Villous a little longer than the sta
mens S eed s few dark brow n s mooth orbic u lar much c o m
pressed ; tails long yellowish plumos e
F lowers J u ly and
Aug u st
L ike so me o f the other species O f this genus i t is extre mely
acrid o n w hich accoun t it w as called F lammula by the ol d
botanists G er ar d e gives the derivation o f the name Vi r g i n s
B ow er
by reason O f the goodly shado w w hich they make w ith
their th i ck b u shing and climbing as also fo r the beauty o f the

owers and the pleasant scent o r savour o f the same

,

t er at e

e
s

pu bli sh ed

y ph il i t i c

n o d es , u l cer s cu
,

s ever al

cases o f

mpl ain

t s, wh i ch

co

t an

it s

su cc essfu l e

h ad pr o d u

e ou s affec t i o n s, et c

(I /i bel l

mpl oy men t

ce d

ead ac h e,

par t i cu l ar l y i n i n
pai n

in

d e F l a mmu l a J ovi s)

th

b on

ve

es,

FLO R A

182

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

D I S T R I BU TI O N

G E OG R A PHIC A L

S o th
u

F rance ,

S pain ,

t z erland Austria G al l i ci a H u ngary

Tartar y an d
G reece
L O C A LITI ES
O n unc u ltivated hill s al ong hedges and on
w oody hills
P A R T S U SE D I N M E D I CI N E A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A TI O N
The J u ice expressed fr o m the leav es and ste m o f the plant
gathered w hen co mmencing to o w er and mi xed w ith equ al
parts o f alcohol 3 after forty eight ho u rs ha v e elapsed the clear
liqu id is to be separated fro m the dregs and prepared to the
ni n th attenu at ion
P H Y S I O L O G IC A L E FF E C T S
A S o n e o f the R anunc u lace ae we
Sho u l d expect to nd irritating properties fro m the n ice o f the
Cle matis although it can not be considered as a poison The
recent leav es on be ing che w ed excite a burning heat in the
tong u e and fauces and i f retained long in t h e mouth produce
blisters and ulceration
The leaves have also been used by
mendicant i mpostors to produce ulcers on the legs t o exci t e
charity
M E D I CA L US E S (H O M CE O P A T H I C ) H ah n eman n s obs er va t i on s
The var ious potencies o f its acrid
(C h r on i c D i s v o l
j u ice w hich o u ght to be extracted fro m the fresh leaves shortly
be fore the plant begins t o blosso m may be used against a
n u mber o f aff ections w hich have their origin in the abuse of
mercu r y and are co mplicated w ith psora ; in dan gero u s er u p
tions o f the head and skin and vario u s kinds O f troubleso me
inammation o f the eyes D r S tapf fo u nd this remedy usefu l
in orchitis and indu rated s w ellings o f those organs At a more
re mo t e period its virtu es hav e been praised by S t Or ck in cases
O f cancero u s u lcers o f the lips and mamma
e 3 spongy excrescences ;
tophi 3 in v eterate eruptions o f the Skin 3 pecu liar kinds O f chronic

headache and melancholia

Acco r ding to N oack and Tr inks Cle matis is suitable t o torpid
cachectic indivi d uals and s c ro fu lo u s constitu tio n s ; sw ellin g and
indurat i ons of t h e glands ; rheumatis m o f the j oints ; arthritic
S wi

C LE M A T I S

E RE

CT A

183

nodosities ; mercurial di sease ; ur ticar ia ; inveterate psoriasis ;

pains in hollo w tee t h es pecial ly at night 3 orchitis etc
AN TI DO T ES Camphor moderates the too violent e ffects o f
the dru g Bryonia is said to appease the too t hache caused by
Clematis
,

XX II

C O C C UL U S

M I R TA

AN A

C O C C UL US

T h e C occu l u s I n di cu s P l a n t

S YN

NY

MS

en

i sper mu m

mi r t a c occu l u s Wi g h t
s er mu m mon ad el ph u m,
p
An

O E G N ME

k Or n

er

at

GE N

S w ed

C HA R

wi t h t w o

in t o

a c en

th

wh

cl o se

C o qu

th

to
th

an

a e

of

apex

al

C
l

at

th

th

C ol ebr

er

O N CE C I A ,

A n t h er s

pex

mn

n u

Fema l e

s ded

F i sch

mer ou s
ow er s

s er i e s
it e

u n

i g

cov er n

u n

k n own

S eed g l ob os e, eepl y
C o t y l ed on s ver y t h i n , di ver g

o n e - ee

D O D E CA N D R I A
d

e a

en

y x of S I X s epal s, i n a ou bl e
C or o l l a n on e M a l e s t a men s

c ol u

ver ei .

D eca n d

s,

Ger m : K okk el s k er n

A l bumen esh y

h il u m

b er o su

o n e - c el l e

r e e,

evan

D ec

su

du

u s.

occu l u s

t a b 1 30

r a c e o es

mir t a pan i cu l at u m,

An

T a m : K ak ac ol l i e

oec

r es s

L in

in E L

di i o
t
ed b
m d il t d

l
b
os e
o
g

d at

(Wi g h t

in g

ower s

p
t r al col u

on e

excav at e

oxb.

r n ot

E N I S P E R M A C E JE

Fl

ol e

D r up es ,

d A

an

K okk el k Or n

O r d er , M

c o c cu l u s ,

d A r n ot t )

H I S T O R Y The rst notice o f the Coccu lus indicus is in the

w o r ks o f so me o f the Arabian physicians but it was chiey
e mployed as a poison fo r sh stu pe fying the m and making
the m easy o f capture It has been but rarely e mployed as a
medicine and then chiey as an external application in scabies
and in ringw orm o f the scalp The importation o f the d rug into
this co u ntry is considerably less in qu antity than formerly and
is seldo m used u nless it is fo r the illicit adu lteration o f beer and
.

F ig

b er r y

M al e o wer

3 T r an
.

an

men

s.

of

st a

sver s e sec t i on

th

2 T r an
.

b er r y

Of

sv er se s ec t i o n

Th

mb r y o

e e

th

e see d s

3 Th
.

O C C U LU S

1 85

porter in low public houses ; fo r this p u rpose it was in great

requ est so me years Since not w ithstanding the severe pr o h i bi
tory law s against its u s e M orrice (T r eat i s e on B r ewi n g ) orders
three pounds o f Cocculus indicu s to be added to ten quarters
o f malt
It giv es an inebriating qu ality w hich passes fo r
strength o f liquor ; it also prevents the second fermentation o f

beer and the b u rsting o f the bottles in war m climates

It is
the ing r edient u sed by thieves and other bad characters for the
purpose o f hocussing their v ictims
D ES C R I P TI O N The Anamirta Cocculus is a stro n g climbing
plant w ith a corky bark L eaves more or less cordate ovate
leathery S t riped large fro m eight to tw elve inches long
F r u i t ro u ndish u mbi
P et i ol e a little shorter than the leaves
o n lar so me w hat larger than a large pea and with the structu re
The o f c i n al part is the berry w hich is me t w ith in
o f a dr u pa
co mmerce 3 it r esembles the berry o f the bay tree (bacca lau ri)
It consists of a dry roundish thin blackish bro w n ru gou s
acrid and bitter layer w hich involves a thin bivalved w hite
ligneous Shell (endocarp ) In the middle o f this Shell rises a
central placenta w hich i S c on t r ac t e d at its base b u t enlarged
and divided into t w o cell s superiorly ; betwe en the placenta
and the shell is an oleaginous yello w very bitter nu cle u s (seed)
This nucleus never wholly lls the cavity
o f a se milu nar for m
O f the Shell at least in the Cocculus indicus o f co mmerce fo r
by keeping it gradu ally beco mes atrophied and in Old samples
it is not u nco mmon to nd the Shell al most e mpty : th is change
is O bserved also in other oleaginous seeds By this character
alone Cocculus indicu s may be ins t antly distinguished fro m t h e
bay berry (P er ei r a E l em of M a t M ed p
The active
principle exist s in a substance termed P i cr ot oxi n e (P icrotoxic
acid)
G E OG R A PH I CA L D I S T R I BU TI O N The coast o f M alabar and
the Indian Archipelago
P A R T S U SE D I N M E D ICI N E A N D M OD E OF P R E P A R A T I O N
O n e part o f the seeds br u ised to powder is mi xed
T h e S eeds
-

1 86

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ith twen t y parts o f alcohol ; apply a slight heat fo r t w enty four

ho u rs and then dilu te to the thirtieth attenuation
P H Y S I O LOG IC A L E FF E C T S
0 72 A n i ma l s
It is poisono u s
t o most ani mals
According t o O r l a (T ex
ii
v ol
p
it acts as an irritant and i mparts its deleterious
e ffects to the esh o f animals o r sh poisoned by it but this
depends o n the qu antity o f poison used : w hen t en to fteen
grains w ere used and the sh after w ards given to animals
the noxio u s e ffects w ere as strongly marked as i f they had
swallo w ed the poison (A n n d H y g 1 8 43 i
All kinds o f
The
sh are killed by it the barbel taking the longes t to die
sympto ms o n ani mals are tre mbling gait ; eyes protru ding and
hagga r d ; agi t ation o f t h e muscles follo w ed by conv u l sions and
contortions o f the w hole body ; falling backw ards and forwards 3
O pisthotonos 3 entire l oss o f consciousness ; foaming at the
mo u th 3 tongue and g u ms livid ; respiration q u ickened and
labo u red These Spasmodic sy mpto ms remit fo r a few minutes
and then return w ith redo u bled viol ence until death relieves
O n opening the body after death in the left ventricle o f the
heart w as found a clot o f blood o f a bro w nish red colour o f a
tissue more co mpact th an us u al and o f a colour deeper in
patches
In other cases there w as vo miting o f yellow and
liquid matter ( O r l a l c )
F ro m these sy mpto ms O r l a (l c ) considers that the Cocculus
exerts its in u ence like camphor on the ner v o u s syste m and
more particularly o n the brain ; that the active parts o f the
poison is the pi cr o t o xi n e 3 that w hen it is intro d u ced Slightly
divided it limits its e ffects to the prod u ction o f nau sea and
vo miting 3 and lastly that the vo miting appears t o be the b est
means to counteract the evil e ffects w hilst the poison re mains in
the sto mach
F ro m so me accounts I have received fro m an
O h M an
excise of c er w h o h as been repeatedly s u bj ected to beer ad u l
t e r at e d w ith it its action appeared to be rather on the voluntary

mu scles than o n the intellectu al po w ers (P er ei r a l c )

w

O C C U LU S

187

The seeds in powder and decoction gi v e rise to n au se a

vo miting and griping p ains hi c cou gh an d anxiety followed by
st u por an d intoxi c ation
T h e shell acts as an e metic ; t h e
kernel contains the pi cr o t o xi n e in which resides the poisono u s
qu alities
T h e follo w ing cases o f poisoning wi t h this dr u g have bee n
recorded
A boy aged twelve sw allowed t w o scr u ples o f the c om
position u s ed fo r poisoning sh ; it contained Coccu l u s indicu s
In a fe w min u tes he percei v ed an u nple as ant taste wi t h b u rn
i n g p ain in the oesophagu s and sto mach not relie v ed by freq u ent
vo miting as well as pain extending over the whole o f the
abdo men In spite o f treatment a violent attack o f gastro
enteritis ens u ed with mu ch febrile excite ment followed by
deliri u m and diarrh oea and he died the nineteenth day after
taking the poison O n inspection the vessels o f the pi a mater
were fo u nd lled with d ark
colo u red liqu id blood
In the
abdo men there were all the marks o f peritonitis in an advanced
s t age T h e sto mach was discolo u red an d its parietes thinner

and so fter than nat u r al (C dn st a t t s J a kr es bemc t 1 8 44 v

A dr u ggist o f ne sensibility and otherwise healthy althou gh
re c ently con v alescent fro m an ac u te disease so me years ag o
wished to ascert ain the taste o f the Coccu lu s seed and as he
considered it a powerfu l s u bstance he weighed ou t a single
grai n o f it b u t did n o t take qu ite half o f this into his mo u th
rolled it abo u t with his to n gu e over his palate and he had n o t
sw allowed it two seconds when he was sei z ed with the most
dre adfu l apprehensiveness This anxiety increased every mo
ment ; he became c old all over ; his limbs sti ff as i f par alysed
with drawing pains in the b ones and in the back T h e sy mp
to ms increased from ho u r to hou r u ntil after a lapse o f six
hou rs the anxiety the stu pefaction the senseless st u pidity and
t h e i mmobility had risen t o the greatest height with xed
su l len look ice cold sweat on the forehead an d the h an d s and
great rep u gnance t o al l fo o d an d drink ; at the slightest incre ase

"

FL O R A

188

H O M GEO P A T H I C A

te mperatu re o f t h e ai r (7 5 F ahr ) he expressed h i s dis

ple as u re every lo u d word pu t h i m in a p assion A l l that he
co u ld still say w as th at his brain felt as i f contracted by a
lig atu re and th at he e xpected speedy dissolu tion H e gav e no
indic ation o f inclination t o vo mit o f thirst or of any other want
in the world H e wished t o sleep as he felt a great inclination
to do so ; b u t when he c losed his eyes he i mmedi ately started u p
again so frightfu l he asserted was the sens ation he fel t in his
br ain o n going to sleep l i ke the most hideo u s d r eam The
p u lse was v ery s mall b u t the frequ ency was not altered
I n these frightfu l circ u mst an c es I was called in A fe w
drop s o f Thebaic tinctu re appe ared n o t to agree wi th h i m ; this
led me to x u pon a strong c amphor e mu l sion o f which I admi
n i s t e r e d t o h i m a t ablespoon fu l abo u t every min u te
I soon
observed a h appy ch ange l n his expression an d aft er he h ad
thu s t aken ft een grains of camphor his con scio u sness w as
restored the anxiety gone the he at natu ral In something
less than ho u r he perspired a lit t le du ring the night slept
prett y well ; b u t the foll o wi ng day was u nco mmonly we ak and
al l the p arts which d u ring the direct action o f the C oc cu l u s
w ere yesterday painfu l internally were t o day u nc o mmonly
painf u l externally to the slightest to u ch The b owels re mai ned
c onstip ated fo r several d a s
It is very probable th at all these
y
after
s u fferings co u ld hav e been prevented i f in pl ace o f giving
ft een grains o f c amphor I had at once given thirty D u ring
the incre ase o f the sy mpto ms fro m the Cocc u l u s he atte mpted
to s moke tobacco with consider able aggr avation ; they also
increased fro m taking coffee tho u gh n o t so strikingly as fro m

t
b
i
i
i
n s
3
7
8
r
an
s
L
W
p
es
s
e
r
t h e other
H
a
h
n
e
m
an
n
s
r
(
y
g
o

R E
.

D u dg eon

M D

H ah

M E DI C A L US E S
n ema mz s obs er va t i on s
N o o n e be fore me has u sed this medicine as an internal
re medy I have n o w introd u ced it into the Materia M edic a
persons in he alth
after h aving st u died its d yn amic e ffects o n
It possesses man v c u ra t ive virtu es as i s proved by the sy mp

OC C UL US

1 89

to ms it prod u ces A high dilu tion o f the tinct u re is indis

pens able in many frequ en t diseases in which the s y mpto ms are
an alogo u s partic u larly in so me kinds o f low nervo u s fe v ers ;
in abdo min al S pas ms ; and i n sp asmodic p ains in di fferent
p arts o f the body which pr o du ce mel ancholy partic u l arly in
fe males ; in many cases o f p aralysis o f the li mbs and in moral
affe c tions
C L I N I C A L O B S E R V A TI O N S N 0 a0 76 an d T r i n ks : A mongst
man y other a ffe c t ions Cocc u lu s has been fo u nd chiey bene
c i al in spasms o f hy steric fe males fro m diff erent cau ses
Su p
pression o f the cat amenia etc T otal and partial spasmodic
p ar alysis P ar alysis o f the lower limbs with insensibility o f
F ainting ts o f hysteric
P ar alysis o f the l arynx
t h e parts
F ever with gastric and bilio u s
A cu te arthritis
fe males
s y mpto ms B ilio u s fever after vexation Inammatory t y phoid
f ever p artic u l arly when characterised by predo minant n au sea
with tendency to prod u ce fainting T yphu s with giddiness
and deliri u m
F ebri s lenta with great nervo u s weakness
p arti cu l arly after a cu te dise ases
Typh u s abd ominalis rst
produ cing a disposition
s t age with great and const ant n au sea
to faint ; second stage ch ar acterised by heat E rethism o f the
cir c u l ation Debili t y an d asthenia (in alternation with R hu s )
V ertigo with disposition to vo mit an d act u al vo miting Megrim
and hysteric headache with n au sea and vo miting
S pas m
S p asmodic and at u l en t c olic
o f the sto ma c h
B ilio u s colic
Dys menorrh oea S u dden spasms fro m retention or s u ppressio n
S pas ms o f the chest
o f the c at ameni a
S o me cases o f hern i a
an d p alpitation o f the heart i n hysteric fe males etc
A N T IDO T E s
Camphor N u x V omica T o poisono u s doses :
E metics e mpt y ing the sto mach as soon as possible A cetic acid
h as been s u ppo s ed to act as an antidote
The treatmen t after
the poi s on has been got rid of mu st be the same as for gastr o
enteritis
.

XX III
C OFFE A

A R A BI C A

'

i Z e C o ee T r ee

S YN O N YM s C o ea

bi
bi

'

ar a

2n d

ea
t/i t

J ass

A ct

J a smi n

Ga l l

1 7 1 3,

do r at i s si mo

mi l i ,

B an k

r osp

oo

an

S PE C

dd
e

ES

1 591

J a smi n

Il C a

38 8

l au r i fol i o

ifi , t a b 32

aov a,

P kg/ t

on

a ly

2 72

Ch

C a ay er
E l C afe

oava

S eed s

HA R

IS TOR Y

Fl

tu

ri l l at e

ow er s

P ietr

bi

aeg

y pt i c i

B on

C o d i ci t u r ,

n os

c ast an eas

or

'

fol i o , o r e

al

b ac ci s l au r i

u ct u

m fr u c t u

cu

mil i s

Ar

cu

su o

u n a,

R u ss

D er K a eb au m

K o fe

ol

D at

K aw a

K o ffy

r ab

. .

hd
e

A n th

se

ar a
si

pd

men

ju s

Ger m :

v e t oo t

Sp a/n

m
v o n y mo

cu

Sp ec P l a n t

HA R

S t a men
s ee

cu

qu i n qu e d i s di sper mi s, L i n n

O r d er , R U B I A C E JE , J a ss

AM

E g y pt

a.

at

GE N

Ven et

ar a

or i b u

4 9 8 ; F l ak

I t al

mm

h oi n

FOR E I G N

T ill

si

ca

at

PE

th d eci du ou s
mar ro w sh ap e d

t ee

on e si

on

v e cl eft
-

TA N DR IA

vx
wi t h t w

e, co n

B er r i es

on

ON OG YN IA

v r sh p e d
p i r tw
l

or o l l a sa

B er r y
t h e ot

o s ee

su

er o

hr
e

the R oman trav eller in lh i s

main
Vi ag g l l n T u rchi a P ersi a e India d al 1 6 1 4 al
tains that C o ffee is the same as the N n mvn s o f H o mer O thers
n amely S ir H enry B lu nt S andys and H owell in a letter

prexed t o R amsay s O rganon S al u t i s (in which work the

liqu or i s s t yled the T u rks P hysic o f
will all o w the
C offee no pl ace in antiqu ity b u t as the black broth o f the

V alle ,

del

F ig
3

M ag n i e

G er men

r aw i n

an

g w as t a

pi

d vi

st

en

il

s.

fr om a

A ccor i n g t o B r u
N

ar ea,

i n A fr i ca, w

ew of

c e,

er e

th

ow er

Th

er r y

n at u r al s

its tru e

i t is in

di g

eci

2
.

men

me i s

n a

en o u s

or o l l a, o

p d
en e

T r an

sv er se

in t h

h th
o

to

s e c t i on
ou se at

C a e, fr om C affa, t h

ow

of

th

b d

u n

an c e .

e sou

men

e st a

see

L on g l eat ,

i n g r eat

th

Th

W il t s

h p vi
ro

s.
e

n ce o f

L ac e d e mon i an

O FF E A

AR A

BI C A

191

rton (A n a t omy of M el an ch ol y folio 388 )

T h e T u rks have a drink
h as the following noti c e o f C o ffee :
called C o ffa (fo r they u s e no wine ) so named o f a berry as
bl ack as soot and as bitter like that bl ack drinke w hich was
in u se among the L ac e d emon i an s an d perhaps the same which

they sip stil l o f and sip as war m as they can su ffer (vide E n cy
T h e rst E u rope an writer who mentions
M et r on a r t C of ee)
C offee is R au w ol f o f A u gsb u rg who visited the L e v ant in
T hen P rospero A lpini a V enetian
1 5 7 3 he c alls it C h a a h a

physici an mentions it in his work De P lantis E g y pti 1 5 92

The earliest acco u nt we have o f Co ffee is taken from an
A r abian M S in the B iblioth equ e N ationale o f F rance N o 9 44
and is as follows
S ch eh ab e dd i n B en an A rabian au thor o f the ninth centu ry
o f the
H egir a or ft eenth o f the Christians attrib u tes to
G e mal e d d i n mu fti o f A den a C i ty o f A rabi a F elix the rst
introd u ction into t hat co u ntry o f drinkin g Coffee H e tells u s
th at G emal e d d i n having oc c asion to tr av el into P ersi a d u ring
his abode t here s aw so me o f his co u ntrymen drinkin g C o ff ee
In hopes o f recei ving so me benet fro m it he determined t o
try it o n himself and aft er making the experiment n o t only
reco v ered his heal t h b u t perceived other u se fu l qu alities in
t hat liqu or s u ch as relie v ing the headache
enlivening the
spirits and witho u t prej u dice t o the c o nstitu ti on preventing
drowsiness T his last qu ality he deter mined t o learn to the
a dvant age o f his pro fession ;
he took it himself an d r ec o m
mended i t to the dervishes o r religio u s Maho metans to enable
the m to p as s the n ight in pr ayer an d other exercises o f their
T h e example and
religion with gre at er z eal and attention
a u thority o f the mu fti gave gre at rep u tation to Coffee ; so me
men o f letters and persons belonging to the l aw adopted the
u s e o f it
T hese were follo w ed by trades men an d artisans that
were u nder the necessi t y o f working at night an d s u ch as were
A t length the c u sto m became
ab o u t to tr av el late after s u nset
u nk a t night by th o se
eneral
in
den
and
was
not
onl
dr
i
A
t
y
g
Bu

1 92

FLO R A

H O M GE O P A T H I C A

who were desiro u s to keep th emselves awake b u t in the day

B e fore this time
fo r the s ake o f its other agree able qu alities
C offee was scarcely known in P ersia an d very little u sed in
A rabi a where the tree grew B u t a ccording to S ch eh ab e d d i n
it had been dru nk in E thiopia fr o m time immemorial and
where tradition says its power o f ca u sing wakefu lness was
rst noticed by a shepherd fro m the e ffects on his goats It not
long after reached Mecca where it was intro d u ced as at A den
by t h e dervishes fo r the sa me p u rposes o f religion
It see ms however that after a time the people o f these cities
became s o fond o f this beverage that it w as dr ank p u blicly in
ho u ses set apart for the p u r pose where there was singing
dancing and mu sic ; these were called coffee ho u ses
The
u s e o f it grad u ally extended t o all parts o f A rabia p artic u l arly
to Medina an d then t o Cairo i n E gypt
C o ffee drinking
advanced afterwards thro u gh S yria an d was a dopted at
D amas c u s an d A lepp o ; and on e h u ndred years after its intro
d u ction at A den namely in 1 5 5 4 it was rst dr u n k at
Constantinople t w o private individu als having opened coffee
A t length the
ho u ses fo r the p u blic sale o f this beverage
more rigid M aho met ans began to disapprove o f its h abit u al
as occasioning frequ ent disorders and fo r nearly rese m
u se
bling wine in its e ffects The chie f mu fti declared th at roasted
C o ffee was a kind o f coal and there fore forbidden by the
G overnment fo u nd it necessary t o inter
law o f Maho met
fere and restrict the u se o f it b u t this prohibition was so o n
abandoned
M G aland says it is o f greater u se in u niting men in
society in stricter ties of amity than an y other liqu or ; and he
o bserves that s u ch protestations o f friendship as are made at
s u ch ti mes are far more to be depended o n than when the
mind is intoxicated with in ebriating liqu ors
H e c o mp u tes
that as mu ch is spent i n private families in the article of Co ffee
at Constantinople as in wine at P aris ; and relates th at it is
c u sto mary there t o ask money to drink C offee as in E u rope
,

O FF E A

AR A

BIC A

193

fo r money

to drink yo u r health in wine o r beer (E l l i s s H i st or

A ccou n t of C of ee L ond
It is s u pposed that the u s e o f C o ffee passed fro m Constanti
by V enice abo u t 1 6 1 5
n o pl e to the western parts o f E u rope
as P ietro della V alle in writing t o his friend in Venice fr o m
C onstantino ple says that u pon his retu rn he sho u ld bring
h i m so me C o e e which was a t hing u nkn own in his co u ntry
We next hear o f it at Marseilles i n 1 644 where it was bro u ght
by so me gentle men who acco mpanied M de la H aye to Con
who not o n l y brou ght the Co ffee berry b u t the
s t an t i n o pl e
*
vessels fo r making and drinking i t
It was bro u ght t o P aris in 1 6 5 7 by the celebrated traveller
T h ev enot b u t was more genera l ly introdu ced in 1 6 6 9 by
S oliman A g a the a mbassador fro m the S u ltan M aho met I V
It was introdu ced into E ngland in 1 6 5 7 by D aniel E dwards
a Tu rkey merchant ; an d here as in the E ast it was opposed
by the religio u s prej u dice o f the day Many sermons were
written both against coffee drinking and s moking and the
following extract fro m an o l d sermon shows the vehe mence
They c ann ot wait u ntil the
w i t h which it w as attacked
s moke of the infern al regions s u rr ou nds the m b u t encompass
the mselves with the s moke o f their own accord and drink a
poison which G o d made black t hat it might bear the devil s
colou r
C harles the S econd placed a du ty o f f o u rpence u pon
every g allon of C offee made and sold to be paid by the maker

in his H istory o f Plants

p u blished in 1 6 8 8 says
B ay
that there were then in L ondon as many coffee ho u ses as in
G rand C airo itself H e also s u pp o sed that the A rabs destroyed
the vegetative qu alities o f the seed so that it sho u ld n o t be

3*

Ro

u e

say s

p th

i mmedi at el y w r a

ma

pl

it

m at

cr ea

easu r e l n

r st

ou

es

sn u

h
dh k

fas i on

t w ar

u s

s or

th

at

an

p,

n ot h i n

d
as

th

wet

s,

c o

C off ee

g b u t S u l t an

h y t k t h C ff ff t h
l t h wh i h
th
li q
i t
tly
d
m t f g
t t
m w hi h t h y t k g t
i p
p P pl f t h
i g i t th i
C ff
d hi y f m t h
whi h i p p

A r a i an

o ccasi o n s a

d i d p lp
r e

in

e v essel

t op,

f n g

u se

os

en

r a r an

ee,

n es

ou r n

s ea

e r

cu

r e ar e

ee o

r e,

u or

n s an

an

r ea

eo

a e

e o

ro

FLO R A

1 94

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

gr o wn in o ther co u ntries The D u tch were the rst to atte mpt

to transplant and grow its seed as B oerhaave in his Index
to the L eyden G arden informs u s th at N icholas W i t s en
b u rgo master O f A msterd am and governor o f the E as t India
Co mpany instr u cted V an H oorn govern o r o f B atavia to pro
c u re fro m M ocha the C offee berries and grow the m in that
colony ; this was in 1 6 90 In 1 7 1 4 the magistrates o f A mster
d am sent a plant to L o u is X I V w hich is s u pposed by D u Tou r
to be the parent o f all th at has been c u ltivated in France an d
in t h e French West India island s
In 1 7 2 2 the F rench
governor o f C ayenne proc u red a plant (it is s aid by ste alth )
fro m the D u t c h colony o f S u rin am which in 1 7 2 5 had pr o
In the year 1 7 32 Co ffee w as c u lti
d u c e d man y tho u s ands
maic a and an act passed to enco u rage its growth i n
v at e d in J a
that island
F o r medicin al p u rposes it h as not been in mu ch requ est
except as a dietetic
L ord B acon says : It comforteth the
br ain and head and helpeth d igestion an d c o n d en se t h the

spirits and makes them strong and alacre

L ewis (E xp H i s t of M a t M ed ) s ays : It strengthens the
sto mach pro motes secretions ; is said t o be serviceable in
phlegmati c corpu lent habits ; bu t i n j u rio u s in thin habits an d
bilio u s te mperaments in melancholic and hypo chondri acal dis

orders and to persons s u bj ect to he morrhages

It has been
e mployed to palliate and dis pel t s o f periodical asth ma ; also
in rhe u matic affections A tonic go u t E pilepsy Inter mittent
H ysteria
H ysterical
N ervo u s and typh u s fe v ers
fevers
sp as ms an d he adache D iff erent kinds o f toothache and in
S pas modic and at u l en t colic
i n ammat i on s o f the g u ms
D iarrh oe a co mbined with rhe u matic
S p as ms o f the sto mach
affections Constipation Menstru al colic W ho o pin g co u gh
in the conv u lsive stage B ad breath A n d as an antidote t o
the e ffects o f many veget able poisons as B elladonn a Cicu ta
virosa A c id h y d r o cy an i c u m H yoscy amu s L oliu m t emu lent u m
Moschu s O piu m S ecale c ornu t u m S tra moniu m etc
.

O FF E A

A RA

B ICA

195

D E S C R I P TI O N
C off ea arabica is an evergreen shr u b abo u t
sixteen feet in height wi t h a straight ste m The ower s are o f
a pale white ; fragrant b u t r apidly fading
T h e l ea ves are
e v ergreen T h e f r u i t resembles a cherry and gro ws in cl u s
ters u nder the axilla o f the leav es at rst o f a bright red and
a fterwards beco ming p u rple
I n A rabia the fr u it when ripe
is sh aken fro m the tree and dried b y the su n on mats In the
W est Indies the fru it is gathered by the hand and dried in
the s u n on platforms
O n e h u ndred b u shels o f fru it will
a v er age
po u nds o f C offee e ach pl ant
y ield o n an
yielding fro m o n e to t w o po u nds
T here are thirty species
known
G E O G R A P H I C A L D I S T R I B UTI O N Co ffea ar abic a is indigeno u s
in A rabia F elix an d E t hiopia N o w c u ltivated in E qu atori al
A merica an d many E u ro pean co u ntries
It was transported
by the D u tch from M ocha to B at avia ; fr o m B atavi a to A mster
d am; fro m A ms terda m to P aris ; fro m P aris to Martiniqu e
and then extended itsel f over t h e adj acent islands etc
PA R T S U S E D I N M E D I C I N E A N D M O D E OF P R E P A R A TI O N
T h e B err y
Dr Q u in in his P h ar ma cop wi a H omceop a t h i ca
orders it to be prep ared as follows A dr a chm o f the seeds o f
the best A r abi an C offee is to be redu ced t o powder in an iron
mort ar whic h is t o be moder ately he ated occ asion ally detach
ing the ma ss fro m the sides o f the vessel with a horn spat u l a
T o t h e powder th u s prepared add t w elve drachms o f alcohol
and p u t it into a gl a ss vessel ; let it remain eight d ays and then
separate the liq u or fro m the sedi ment L et this powder which
re mains at t h e botto m of the v essel be pressed free from al l
moistu re an d placed in a glass retort with fo u r o u nces o f dis
t illed W ater ; boil t i ll on e o u nce o n l y re mains and mi x the
claried liqu or with the alcoholic tinctu r e ; eigh t y drops o f
a lcohol is t o be a dded t o thirty drops o f this mixt u re
and
twice sh aken T his c onstitu tes the rst atten u ati o n
T his medicine is also prep ared b y trit u r ation ; one grain o f
the powder is trit u r ated with o n e hu ndred grains o f s u gar o f
.

FLO R A

1 96

milk

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

to the thirtieth attenu ation by which the p ower

o f the medicine see ms to be increased
P HY S I O L O G IC A L E F F E C T s
C offe a acts as an astringen t and
antiseptic When a person u n acc u sto med t o the u se o f C offee
drinks a moderate qu antity o r one accu sto med t o its u se drinks
an immoder ate qu antity fo r the rst ho u rs the sel f conscio u s
ness the feeling o f his existence o f his lifeb eco mes more
lively H e gets a circ u mscribed redness o f the cheeks a red
ness which does not be c o me grad u ally lost in the s u rro u nding
p arts b u t which presen ts the appearance of a well d e n e d red
spot The forehead and p alms o f the h ands become warm an d
moist ; he feels war mer than be fore T here occu rs a kind of
vol u ptu o u s palpit ation of the heart so mewhat rese mbling that
occu rring du ring great j oy ; the veins o f the hands swell
P resence o f mind attention sy mpathy beco me more active
than in the he althy natu ral state ; al l external O bj ects see m to
excite a feeling o f ple as u re I f the qu antity o f C offee taken be
immoderately great and the body very excitable and :qu i te
there occ u rs a se milateral headache fro m the
u n u sed to C o ffee
Th e
u pper p art o f the p arietal b o ne t o the base o f the brain
cerebral me mbranes o f this side also seem to be p ainfu lly sensi
tive
The hands and feet beco me cold O n the brow an d
p alms cold sweat appears The disposition beco mes i r ritable
and intolerant ; no o n e c an d o anything t o please h i m; he is
anxio u s and tre mbling ; restless ; weeps almost witho u t ca u se
A fter a fe w ho u rs sleep co mes o n
or s miles most i n v ol u ntarily
I have seen this rare
o u t o f which he st arts with affright

state t w o or three times (H ah n eman n on E f ect s of C of ee

an

so o n

t r an

by R

D u dg eon

M D

Co ffee produ ces in large

doses headaches ; it there fore c u res in moder ate ones head
aches that do n ot pr o ceed from derange ment o f the sto
mach o r acidity o f the pri mes vi ae It favo u rs the perist altic
motion o f the bowels in large doses and t h er efOr e cu res in
s maller doses chronic diarrh oeas and in like man n er the

M E D ICA L

US E S

C OFF E A

ARA

B IC A

1 97

oth er abnor mal e ffects it occ asions might be e mployed against

simil ar affections o f the h u man body were we not in the
h abit o f mis u sing it T h e e ffe c ts o f opiu m in stu pe fying the
senses and irritating the tone o f the bres are removed
by this berry in its character o f an antagonistic pall i ative
remedy and that properly and effect u ally ; for here there is
no persistent state o f t h e organis m b u t only tr ansitory sy mp
to ms to be co mb ated Intermittent fevers too where there is
want o f irrit ability an d inordin ate tension O f the bres pre
cl u din g t h e e mployment o f otherwise specic b ark it appa
s
r en t l
u ppresses in large doses merely as a p alliati v e re medy ;
y
its direct action howe v er in su ch l arge doses l asts fo r two
d ays I saw a lyin g i n wo man who after a difc u lt labo u r
s u ffered fro m intolerable after pains and a great loss o f bloo d ;
she cried fo r Co ffee altho u gh wh en she was well she co u ld
scarcely end u re it W h o told her he morrhage res u lted fro m
atony o f the womb and this fro m di minished irrit ability o f the
bres and that the specic re medy for this was Coffee ! A fe w
c u ps o f very strong C offee w e re given to her and the h emor
*
r h a e and pains ceased s u ddenl
l
H
a
h
n
e
an
n
m
(
g
y
C L I N IC A L O B S E R V A T I O N s N o ack and T rinks have collected
the following in their work Coffea may be employed fo r the
pre c u rsory sympto ms o f small
pox me asles and scarlatin a ;
s u ch as sleeplessness bilio u s vo mit ing he adache heat an d
s w e at P u rp u r a mil i ar i s P u rple rash when the pains ar e
ex c essive and the p atient in clin es to whine constantly C ries
and restlessness o f children when the child h as been ro u sed
fro m its sleep and wo u ld like to sleep ag ain b u t is not able
Sleeplessness fro m nervo u s irrit ation
Intermittent fevers
V iolent colic ; restlessness and tossing d u ring the par o xysm
P u erperal fever with excessi v e nervou s irrit ation when
the p ains see m intolerable
Intoxication by wine mania a
,

'

F or
is

r efer r e

mor e

dt

d d b v ti

ext en

H ah n

man n

ser

L esser

on s o n

th

e u ses an

Wr i t i n g s

et seq

t r an sl at e

a u s es o f

C offee, t h

b y Dr D u g eon
.

e r e a er

pp

451

FL O R A

1 98

H O M CE O F A T H I C A

potu
S ang u ineou s and nervo u s apoplexy (u sing Coffee as a
prophylactic) H e ad ache fro m excessive congestion o f blood
Megri m (C o ffee shortens the p arox y s ms b u t does not c u re
them) T ooth ache from a pu rely ner v o u s cau se T ooth ache
Throbbing tooth ache wit h
o f persons w h o u s e mu ch C o ffee
gre at nervo u sness and v iolent weeping
In so me c ases o f
weakness o f digestion an d overlo ading the sto mach Di arrh oea
Violent p ains in the abdo men in sensitive
S p as modic colic
E xcessively violent labo u r and after p ains
C off ee
females
is an excellent palliati v e in c ases o f s u spended animation in
fro z en drowned or s u ffoc ated individ u als when the vital forces
requ ire to be speedily ro u sed
C offe e will in some c ases prove u se fu l in cal ming the ner v o u s
syst em aft er operations O n e o f my p atients w as operated on
fo r c atara c t after whi ch the following gro u p o f sy mpto ms pre
sented itsel f V iolent inammation o f the eye with a gnawing
p ain abou t the ey e and whole side o f the head ; excessive
n au sea as i f the patient wo u ld die with it ; in v olu nt ary weep
ing ; qu alms o f sickness constantly ascending from the stomach
to the brain S u bs u ltu s tendinu m I h ad so me strong Co ffee
made and g ave the patient a teaspoonfu l O f bl ack Co ff ee e v ery
v e mi nu t es ; after the se c ond dose the patient fell into a so u nd
sleep which l asted se v eral ho u rs ; when the p atient awoke all
these sympto ms h ad dis appe ared except the p ain abo u t the eye

whi ch was howe v er mu ch less and soon disappe ared (H em

.

el ,

t r an

AN
n

ati a

J ah r

T l DO T E S

at

M ed

A conit u m

Vo mica

Chamo milla

Ig

XXI V
C O LC H IC UM
C o mmon M

Saf

ea dow

A U T UM N A L E

r on

T aber R oot, N ah ed L a dy

s ta r t
U
p

S YN O N YM S C

ol c

E pit

8 46

Br itt

ng

hi

s affr an

1 33

D an

O r d er , M
C

dd
e

HA R

tu

Sp a n

bu m, J oh n s on

C o l c i cu m

G er

pr o di en

er e

Wi l l d

48 5 ;

at ,

I S T O R Y The E Cp M
n

hi

en

d P

s,

m
.

an n er

Fl or a

27 3 ;

R u ss

br

l im

er s

a e

oa dl

on

tu

S t a men

mb en t

u n

ite

Z ei t l o s e,

S wed

T i d1 6 s e,

v ry

I GY N I A

l on g , wi t h
in t o t h e

se

th

at

rt e d

in

p ar h ap ed pri ght
e

C ol

S t y l es t

Ger m

IA

u l ar ,
s

I t al

ik

E X A N DR

et al

B eg vr emen

I n cu

C ol c i c o

T y dl oosen

o f on e

la

or o l

ov o

R B r ow n

bl g
t d pri ght

th

d es P r es

Safr an

or

D at

p art d

in

r ee ,

e- c

an

bl u me

s i x-

al

et

Sp P l a n t

Tu

u e,

eav es

L i nn

J omfr u e

og n e

hpd

C ap s u l es t

th

37 3

hq

C ol c i

l on g
C

C a l y x n on e
ell s a e

of

S PE

u r eu

E L A N T H A C E ZE

mou t h
see

al e ,

L i c h t b l u me, Spi n

J u n g fu r

AM E S

HA R
s omew h at

GE N

n a

at

B ot

co

u r

p p

g l i cu m
R a i i Sy

an

G i g li o M at t o , S t r oz z ecan

co,

Wi esen
N

cu

mmu n e
C o l ch i cu m au t u mn

FO R E I G N
c

C ol c i cu

1 57

hi

r ee ,

v ry
e

man y

as e ,

s the K oAxmov O f Dios

P au lu s JE g i n e t a ar e s u p pose d

f T heophrastu

and the E g a i m u xos o f

by D r A dams (S upp l emen t t o D u n bar s G r eeh L exi con ; C om
men t on P au l u s E g i n et a) and other c ommentators t o be
identic al with o u r C ol c hic u m a u tu mnal e P ereira (E l em M at
p 6 2 8 ) considers that the H er mo d ac t y l u s i s a species o f
M ed
M iller (G a r
Colchicu m b u t not the C olchi cu m au tu mn al e
1 5 7 9 ) considers the broad
leaved M eadow
D i ct
d en er s
c or

i d e s,

e a

F ig

A t r an

ver se s ec t i on

Fr om C ol chi s

p vi
ro

of

n ce of

th

e ca

A si a, w

su l es ,

er e

to

ow

th

o si t i o n

i t g r ows i n g r eat

of

b d

u n

th

e see

an ce.

2 00

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T I I I C A

which is indigeno u s in the L evant t o be the H ermo

dactylu s o f the shops A lex ander T r alli an in his work D e

P od agra
recommends H e r mo d ac t y l u s as a remedy for go u t
and other affe c tions either alone or mixed wi th scammony
ginger and other ingredien t s H e also remarks that the h abitu al
u s e o f this
medicine disposes the p atient s to more frequ ent
attacks o f this dise a se a pec u liar e ff e c t likewise O f Col c hic u m
which is corroborated by S i r C S cu damore (T r ea t on G ou t an d
R h eu ma t i sm 3r d edit p
It appe ars to have been in great renown in the thirteenth
C entu ry an d fro m its s u pposed virtu es in the c u re o f go u t and
rhe u matis m o f the j oints it obt ained the name o f A nima ar t i c u

lor u m t h e so u l o f j oints
It w as the princip al ingredient in
al l go u t spec i cs
an d the famo u s E au m dicinale is s u pposed

t o owe its v irt u es t o a prep aration fro m this pl ant !

A c c ordin g to P rosper A lpin u s the E gyptian women ate
gre at qu ant ities o f the w asted roots o f the Colchicu m to fatten
the msel v es c alling the m H er mo d act y l e s ; b u t M P o met
c
e
s
H
i
s
t
o
i
r
e
d
es
D
r
u
o
(
) onsiders these as the fr u it o f a large
g
tree he however owns their services in p alsies go u t etc
T his is on e o f those plants whose v iole n t an d sing u lar e ffects
the bodies o f animals engaged the attention o f D r S t Or ck
In
in hopes that by giving it in very small doses or by d u e pre
n o t only sa fe
ar
a
t
i
n
it
ight
be
converted
into
a
m
edicine
o
m
p
b u t c ap able o f relieving disor d ers in which the common re me
dies prove i n e e ct u al
S u nt mu lti qu i in ab st r act i ssi mi s pro
c es si b u s c h e mi c i s
qu a r u n t ex me t al l i s medicament a e t n eg l i g u n t
ea qu a tellu s l ar g i t u r o ffert qu a natu r a provida sponte par av i t

et
u a co r
or i nostro s u nt longe magis analoga
p
(S t br eh L i bel l
q
S affron ,

'

d e C ol ch
Ot
is th
c i sel y

A u tu m)

er s

b li v
e

e e

hdd d
th
w hi h

r i an s an

o se

d Ru

t i sm an d g

ou

en

th

r on

at

th

c r y san

p
d

hi

ef

th

(vi de

a r i s,

a s an

Ph

ar

i n g r e i en t i n B u

ar e ex er i en ce

s si an s r eg ar

e c

th

df

ro

of

effe c t s

sson

th

m an i n f u si o n

i n fal l i l e

ma c o l og i a

of

ec

p i

s s

ec

(E

au

medi ci n al e)

Fr en ch me di ci n e

p i i th
9 t h di t p

hi pl
s

an

e cu r e o

ar e

h h th

t , w ic

r on

ic

pr e

Si

eu

ma

O L C H I C U M A UT U M N A LE

20 1

B esides

its s u pposed specic propertie s in go u t it has been

e mployed by M acleod W ig an an d others in rhe u matis m an d
rhe u matic go u t (L on d M ed G az et t e vol xxi J u ne 30
B y S t O r c k in dropsy (l c ) B y H a de n in inammat ory dis
order s gener ally (P r act O bser v on t h e Gol eh A u t u mn al e
B y Dr H astings in chronic bron c hitis (T r e a t o n I n f l a m of
M u cou s M embr a n e of t h e L u n g s)
B y D r L ewin in fevers
B y S hear man in syphilis
(E d i n M ed a n d S u r y J ou r 1 8 37
B y W illiams i n venere al nodes
B y M r R av en in h y s t eri a
hypochondri asis ch ore a an d c on v u lsion (L on d M ed a n d P h y s
B y E l l i o t s o n in pr u rigo
B y V ogt in e r y si
J ou r
pel as B y M ii l l e r in rhe u matic he ad ache B y P ereir a in
hu mor al asthma and other chronic bronchi al affections (E l em
M
a t M ed
u corrh oe a by R u l t on
o
p
In
le
In arthritic
f
c arditis b y S ch On l ei n etc
D E S C R I P TI O N P erenni al Flowers in S epte mber an d O ctober
B u l b (c or mu s) solid rese mbling that o f a tu lip fu rrowed o n one
side L eaves s tr ap spear sh aped bl u nt ent ire d ark green smooth ;
F l ow er s
a foot o r more long an d fro m one to t w o in c he s bro ad
se v er al rising fro m the root an d appe arin g in s u c c ession p ale
p u rple so metimes white ; t u be fro m v e or six to eight o r ten
in ches long white an d s u rro u nded at the b ase by two or three
L i mb cu t in t o six somewh at u nequ al
me mbr ano u s she aths
O blong u pright c onc ave segments G er men at the b ase o f the
b u lb inclosed in o n e co mmon sheath an d accomp anied by the
ru diments o f the fu tu re lea v es S t y l es as long as t h e stamens
thre ad shaped re aching nearly to the b ase o f the t u be S t i g ma s
line ar rec u rved c h annelled downy F r u i t o v al for med o f
three in ated many seeded c ap su l es S eeds ro u nd whitish
polished T h e owers a ppear in S eptember the leaves an d
fr u it not till the spring following
,

Th

fr u i t

st al

l en g t

see

of

e se e

an

th

li e

ar e r

A s thi s

b
i

af t s

pl

an

u r ie

p b
e a

al l

ou

a ccou n

bl

w i n t er w i t

t th
t , in

o s so

ms

t i me
so

hi

of

th

h ay

e r oo t
-

ar v est

me measu r e for

l at e i n

th

in

ear , an

th

pi

r n

g t

hy

M ay

n ot

dl

in

e ay

p b bl y
ro

g r ow

th
r

en

in g

w ou l

er

on

g r eat

of

n ot

th

hv

a e

FLO R A

2 02

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

GE OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I BU TI O N

O V1 mo st

of

parts

rope

or t h A meric a
L o c A L I T I E s I n moist rich me adows
S i b t h or p (P r od F l or
G r a e ) fo u nd it in G reece b u t onl y o n Mo u nts P arnass u s and
T h y mph r ast u s at an elevation o f
to
feet
In this
co u ntry its c hie f localities are in G l ou cest er sh i r e : in moist
me adows H amp sh i r e : in moist meadows
O xf or d sh i r e : ne a r
C oo mbe H ey t h o r p S tanton H arco u rt A shford Mills between
H eadington and B arton near O xford In meadows near Upper
H eyford L ea el d Wy chwood F orest near F ilkins an d ne ar
S uf ol h :
B r adwell
B er ksh i r e : near A ppleton and C u mnor
at Little S tonh am
S t af or d sh i r e : Weston P ark ; b y the T rent
near B u rto n S u ol h : ne ar B u ng ay both p u rple an d white
W or
o w er ed va
rieties W ar w i cksh i r e : Castle B romwich
ces t er sh i r e :
the banks o f the S e v ern In moist meado w s
on
bet w een A l v e chu rch and R edditch l Vi l t sh i r e : ne ar Devi z es
a white o w e r e d v ariety co mmon
Yor ksh i r e : near B other
h am R ic h mond etc
In S cot l an d : near A lloa
T h e L ondon market according to Dr P ereira is s u pplied
c hiey fro m G lo u cestershire H ampshire and O x fordshir e
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D ICI N E A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
The C or mu s (or b u lb ) when gathered at the proper se ason is
abo u t the si z e o f a chestnu t and rese mbles externally the b u l b
tu lip ; it is at once disting u ished from this and
o f the co mmo n
other liliaceou s b u lbs by being s ol i d the t u lip b u lb and others
being co mposed of lamin a or s c ales It is ro u nded on o n e side
so mewh at atten ed an d grooved o n the other ; it has two
coats the o u ter one o f a brown colo u r the inner O f a reddish
yellow Internally it is white eshy and solid c ont aining a
A si a M

inor

an

d N

'

t ime t

o r

vd

Pro i

it s

en

en ce

as exec u

d bf
t d it
s

e or e

th

e access o f

s st r u c t u r e

h h

h th

su c

an

ro

so

as s ee s
s on
e

u r e

a.

ro

e ear

su c

o r a se

er seas o n

ou

ar e

o e

at

e r eac

n o

w i n t er , w i c

th
t
f th
d pt h i t h
d b i d t
d
h d pt h k w
f
p vi i i m d t i t h m b v t h
w th m t
p p
(Wi t h B i t P l
er for

me d at

see

n ot

su r ace

an

hi

to
w

t s)

of

im
th

w ou l
or

dd

of c e

t an t

t h ey

ar e

l ess

be

bl

mi r a

fr o st

ad

er fec t e

may

e u su al effect s of

v eg et at e, a n o

en

est r oy

an

;
e

d to

OL C H IC UM A UTU M N A L E

milky j u ice

20 3

it is very fec u lent and has an acrid bitter taste

(P er ei r a E l em M a t M ed 3r d edit pt 1 vol ii )
C ol l ect i on of t h e C or mi (bu l bs)
The cor mu s is bienni al
It rst appears abo u t the end o f J u ne o r beginning o f Ju ly ; it
owers in the au tu mn and produ ces its leaves i n the spring
an d its seeds in the J u ne o f the followin g
ear
it
then
begins
;
y
to shriv el beco mes le ather y an d n ally dis appe ars in the s u c
c e e di n
T h e a ctivity O f the cormu s v aries
g spri n g or s u mmer
at different se asons o f the ye ar It is u s u ally considered to be
greatest when the cor mu s is abo u t a year ol d ; that is abo u t
the month o f J u ly between the with ering o f the leav es and the
spro u ting forth o f the owers o f the yo u n g cormu s at this
period the cor mu s i s fu lly developed and has not exhau sted
itself by the prod u ction o f the yo u ng one (I d 1
Dr C hristison has expressed some do u bts as t o the propriety
o f collecting the cor mi in J u l y ; fo r thou gh they ar e plu mpest
r me st and abo u nd most in star c h at this period yet he has
fo u nd the shri v el le d cormi in the s u c ceeding cor mi in the
foll owing A pril to be equ ally i f n o t more bitter ; and he
qu otes the analyses o f S t ol t z e to sho w that while the O ctober
cor mu s yields t w o per cent t h e Mar c h cormu s yields six per
cent o f bitter extr act B u t there is an error in the qu otation
which viti ates t h e inference intended to be drawn fro m it
per cent
S t o l t z e fo u nd that the O ctober cor mu s contains
of
bi t t er extr a c tive and that the M arch cor mu s cont ained
per c ent o f s w eet extractive matter co mbined with so me
bitter extr a cti v e ; and he conclu des th at the O ctober cor mu s is
mu ch more active an d C ontains more bitter extractive than the
spring cormu s (I d 1
B efore drying the cor mu s it sho u ld be c u t transversely into
thin slices the d r y coats being previo u sly removed T h e slices
ar e t o be qu ickly dried in a dark airy pl ace the heat not to
exceed 1 7 0 F ahr (R a t t l ey L en d M ed R ep os xiv
The late Dr A T Tho mpson rec o mmends the slices t o be
,

204

FL OR A

H O M tE O P A T H I C A

dried o n cle an white p aper witho u t articial heat ; the only

O bj ection to this is the time requ ired
A c cording to Dr Lindley (F l or a M ed p
a qu antit y o f
the cor mi co me to marke t which have alre ady p u shed forth
o w ers b u t which hav e been br oken O H and yet hav e fo u nd a
re a dy sale at the best price
Q u in (P h ar m H am ) and J ahr (H em P h a r m a n d P os ol )
b u t P ereir a
a dv ise the g athering o f the cor mi in the spr ing
recommends J u ly as the period o f their gre atest acti vity and
obj ects to Dr Christison s plan o f gathering in O c tober
The j u ice is to be expressed fro m t h e cormi an d then pre
pared i n the same manner as directed fo r all fresh pl ants
P H YS I O L OG IC A L E F F E C T s 0 n A n i mal s Colchicu m acts o n
many anima
ls as a violent poison
C attle feeding in me a
dows where this plant grows are s aid to be affected in the
spring by the seeds which adhere t o the coats o f the sto mac h
produ cing at the se v eral points o f their adhesion inammation
whi c h occ asi ons death ; and several pig s having eaten pl e n t i
fu lly o f the b u lbs which had been g r u bbed u p and placed in a
yard died in excru c iating agonies and o n dissection the sto mach
C
ol ch i cu m
o f each was fo u nd b u rst (T a l or on P o i s on s a r t
)
y
S ir E verard H ome (P h i l T r an s 1 8 16 ) experimented o n
some d ogs H e inj ected 1 6 0 drops o f the vino u s infu sion into
the j u g u lar vei n o f a d o g ; all power o f motio n was instantly
lost and the effect o n the p u lse was re markable ; at rst it
co u ld not be felt in ten minu tes it was 8 4 in twenty min u tes
T h e respiration
6 0 in one ho u r 1 1 5 and in t w o ho u rs 1 5 0
was at o n e ti me very slow at ano t her on the rise o f the p u lse
so qu i ck it co u ld h ar d l v be co u nted There was mu ch p u rging
and vo miting an d death ens u ed in ve ho u rs A fter de a
th the
sto mach was fo u nd u ni v ers ally inamed
O r l a ( T oxi col G en 3r d edit v ol ii p 2 5 7 ) has constantly
i
en
the
b
u lbs o f Colchic u m collected in J u ne to dogs with
v
g
o u t perceiving any sensible e ffect
H e there fore considers that
,

.,

C O L C H I C UM

205

cli mate and se ason have mu c h to do with its deleterio u s pr o

perty It is s aid to be h armle ss to horses ; b u t M r Woodward

in Withering s B ritish P l ants (1

s ay s that in a p ast u re in
which were sever al horses an d e aten down pretty b are t h e grass
was C losely c ropped e v en u nder the le ave s b u t not a leaf bitten
0 n M an
S t 6 r c k (L i bel l a s d e R a d C ol ch A u t ) fo u nd th at o n
c u tting the fresh j u ice into sli c es the ac rid particles e mitted fro m
it irritated the nostrils fau ces and breath an d that the ends o f
the ngers w it h which it h ad been held bec ame qu ite benu mbed
that applied for two min u tes t o the tip o f the tong u e it rendered
the part rigid and al most void o f sensation fo r six ho u rs ; th at le s s
th an a grain wrapped u p in a cr u mb of bre ad an d t aken inter
n all y produ ced al arming s y mpto ms a bu rning heat and p ain in
the sto mach an d bowels str ang u ry tenes mu s thirst tot al lo s s
which were gre atl y relieved by an acidu lo u s
o f appetite etc
mixt u re o f syru p o f poppies ; that an infu sion o f three gr ains o f
the root in fo u r o u nces o f wine slowly sw allo w ed occasio n ed a
ti ckling in the l arynx and a short dry c o u gh ; s oon aft er a
he at o f t h e u rin ary passages and a copio u s dis ch arge o f p ale
u rine witho u t sensibly affec t ing the o t her org ans o f the bod y ;
that an ou nce o f the sliced root being digested in a po u nd o f
v ineg ar fo r forty eight ho u rs an d t h e bottle freq u ently sh aken
the root became insipid bu t the vinegar beca me acrid irrit at ed
the fau c e s an d produ ced co u gh
M ed a n d S u r y
A ccording to Dr L ewins (E di n
J ou r
xlvii p
s mall doses frequ ently repe ated produ ce
v ol
de bility sens ation o f mal aise an d he adache
Dr
B arlow
(C y cl op of P r a ct M ed v o l ii p 37 1 ) has seen twenty ev acu a
tions by stool fro m o n e dose o f C ol chic u m witho u t prod u cing
corresponding debility W ood an d B ache ( Un i t ed S t at es D i s
p en sa t or y 3r d edit ) record violent s ali v ation as the res u lt O f
s mall doses o f C olchicu m Its chief effects in s mall an d r e
d
m
e
a
t
e
doses
see
to be a tendency to pro mote the action o f
p
the secreting organs especi ally O f the intestin al mu c ou s mem
br ane and to pr o du ce perspiration (P en 1 c )
,

'

206

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

In large doses C olchic u m acts as a v iolent poison and many

fat al cases have been recorded
M r F er e d ay (L on d M ed
G az et t e vol x p 1 6 0) rel ates a case o f poisoning with two
o u nces o f the wine o f the seeds o f C olchic u m t aken by mistake
fo r r u m A bo u t an ho u r a n d a h alf aft er swallowing it ac u te
pain in the bo w els came o n followed by copio u s vo miting o f a
u id tenes mu s s
w
ellow

all
slo
and feeble p u lse T h e p ain
y
was described as o f a kni fe piercing h i m; the tongu e was
n at u ral ; the co u nten ance anxio u s ; fe a tu res sharp ; cheeks lips
and palpebr a p u rple ; sensation o f losin g his li mbs on w al king ;
t h e v o miting in c re ased ; the u id bro u ght u p was like co ff ee
gro u nds ; and the p at ient died forty se v en ho u rs after takin g the
poison
O n a p os t mor t em examination the face neck and
front o f t h e thorax were fo u nd co v ered w it h a p u rple e m
o r es
cence T h e stomach and bowels w ere co ated w ith a thi ck
B lood w as effu sed between the
tenaciou s col ou rless mu c u s
mu scu l ar and peritoneal co ats ; the ple u r a costales were mu ch
reddened ; the heart was ab by and its stru ct u re easily broken
d o wn ; two red patche s were fou nd one i n the sto mach and
the other in the j ej u n u m E cchymosed spots were obser v ed
o n the s u r face o f the l u ngs o f the heart and o f t h e d iaphr ag m
Dr O llivier (A n n a l es d H y y 1 8 36 vol ii p 394) records two
cases In the rst contin u al vo miting b u t n o p u rging ; p u l se
thready and slow ; intense thirst ; se v ere cramps in the sol es o f
the feet ; intellect u naffected ; n o c onvu lsions o r tetanic spas ms
The patient died in twenty two ho u rs In the second case the
sympto ms so o n set in after taking the poison T here were violent
pains in the abdomen ; frequ ent v o miting b u t no p u rging ; d i f
c u l t respiration ; p u pils not dil ated ; coldness o f the s u rface ;
no tetanic spasms b u t cramps in the soles o f the feet ; p u lse
s mall ; the intellect w as not i mpaired Death took place in
twenty seven ho u rs T h e vessels o f the pi a mater were mu ch
inj ected ; no vasc u larity o f the sto mach
A man swallowed a l arge qu antity o f Colchic u m seeds ; he
soon experienced a b u rning sensatio n in the t hro at with nau se a

m
,

OL C H IC UM

2 07

vo miting violent colicky pains and frequ ent diarrh oea su c

c e e d e d by
diffi c u lty o f breathing and discharge o f bloody
u rine
A fter death patches o f mo r t i c at i on were fo u nd in the
sto m
ach and du oden u m (P h a r mac T i mes J an 2 3
A man aged ft y si x years o f a feeble constitu tion and a
prey to chronic rhe u matism swallowed by mistake on e o u nce
an d a hal f o f V in u m Colchici
; in abo u t half an ho u r he was
seiz ed with severe pain in the abdo men and n au sea followed
by vo miting and constant alvine dej ections o ften involu ntar y
these s y mptoms contin u ed du ring the night and the g reater part
o f the following day then the alvine evac u ations ceased b u t t h e
n au sea continu ed ; the day a fter taking the poison he was seiz ed
with most v iolent thirst which continu ed till his death ; the
pains in the sto mach and intestines were excessively ac u te ; to
wards evening delir iu m came on and he died the fo llowing
morning O n examination after death n o trace O f inam
ma t io n
co u ld be discovered in the i n testines the sto mach only was red
(E di n J ou r n A pril
S u san L aing abo u t thir t y y ears o f ag e o f good health and
constitu tion ; she was abo u t two months in pregnancy and hav
ing read in a n ewspaper that a wo man was taken u p for ca u sin g
abortion by taking Meadow S affron she determined o n ge t ting
rid of her b u rthen by a similar meas u re
S he accordingly
bo u ght twopenny worth and made an infu sion of it which
she took on an e mpty sto mach early in the mo r n l n g o f the 1 0t h
I was called to her abo u t fo u r o clock in the
o f March 1 8 2 7
afternoon o f the 1 1 t h and o n inqu iry learned s h e had mi s
carried the pre c eding evening I fo u nd her in a very hopeless
state ; her extre mities were qu ite cold and the whole o f h er
body partic u larly the h ands feet and face livid The glassy
st are o f impending de ath w as in her eyes the respirati on was
h u rried and the p u lse c o u l d not be felt at the caroti d s and b u t
f aintly at the he ar t
N otwi t hstanding the sen s o r l u m was u ndis
t u r b e d an d she gave me a clear acco u nt O f wh at she had done
her motives fo r s o doin g and the e ffects the poison had o n her
,

FLO R A

2 08

H O M cE O P A T H I C A

said that in ab ou t half an hou r after t aking it her stomach

became sick gripes c ame on an d a violent p u rging which con
tinned with gre at s everity S h e h ad h ad no medic al assi st an c e
and had passed a most wretched t i me fro m the morning before
and w as so tormented with p ain an d p u rging that she h ad n o t had
I adminis tered l arge
a wink o f sleep in the co u rse o f the night
drau ghts o f br andy and spices b u t to no effect ; she died two
ho u rs after I came in The body w as opened the next d ay ; all
the viscera were fo u nd he althy except that the mu co u s me m
bran e of the sto mach and bo w els was dreadfu lly inamed
i n S t ep h en son a n d C h u r ch i l l s
t hro u gho u t its co u rse (D i l l on
M ed B ot v ol ii )

H istoire des Pl antes des E nvirons d A i x

G ar i b el in his
records that a servant w as killed b y t akin g the owers for an
inter mittent fever i n which dise ase they were said t o be
u se fu l
H P s wallowed abo u t an o u nce o f the tinctu re o f Col chic u m
at nine O clock p m on a fu ll sto mach and at v e o clock the
following morning eight ho u rs after it had been taken v omiting
co mmenced ; as the sto mach was e mptied t h e r e t c h i n g s incre ased
in violence an d contin u ed at regu lar intervals three ti mes an
ho u r fo r twelv e ho u rs ; fro m the sixth ho u r t h e violence of the
A cid p u ngent taste in the
r e t ch i n g s gr ad u ally d ecreased
mo u th with more or less bitterness ; excessi v e heat an d gre at
dryness o f the mo u th and throat ; contrac tion o f the chest ;
breathing qu i c k and difc u lt ; great pain at the pit o f the
stomach and in the bowels ; frequ ent p u rgings and coldness o f
the extre mities ; du ring the paroxys ms great tre mbling o f the
whole frame and violent pain in the he ad ; after w ards g r e at
prostration o f stre n gth (C ommu n i ca t ed t o t h e A u t h or by t h e
Sh

p a t i en t )

M E D ICA L

US E S (H O M cn

This
)

dr u g was not proved

by H ahne mann A ccording to N oack and T rinks (H an d bu ch f ur
Colch ic u m is u se fu l in s ang u ineo u s cons t i
H em
It is al s o
t u t i on s an d in phleg matic melan cholic te mperaments
or A T H I C

C O L CHICU M

2 09

especi al ser vice in thin irritable hysterical and h y po ch on

d r i ac al indiv id u al s wi t h gre at disposition to perspir ation and
a cidity wi t h rhe u matis m and cat arrh
In patients with white
delic ate skin who ar e li able to perspir e on the slightest cau se an d
wi t h incre ased irrit ability In di s e ases occ u rrin g d u ring a con
dition of the atmosphere predisposin g to rhe u matic affe c tions In
rhe u matic an d go u ty c onditions both ac u te an d c hronic M er
c u ri al rhe u matis m an d go u t D ropsy A n asarc a aft er t h e ac u te
ex anthe mata A scites D ropsy o f the j oints E pidemic mili aria
P t y alism R he u matic toothache with d arting t e aring pains
acco mpanied with a sensation o f n u mbness an d cramp in the
artic u l ation o f the
aw and is especi ally pain fu l when the teeth
j
are pressed together with nightly aggr avation o f the pains
F l at u l en t C olic in hysteric al and hypochondriac al
S ing u ltu s
indiv id u als D ysenteric di arrhoea C hronic dysentery E pi
Mu c ou s
d e mic g astric dysentery prevailing in the a u t u mn
he morrhoids A ffe c tions o f the bl a dder and kidneys P ara
ly tic we akness o f the mu scles o f the u rinary org ans S trangu ry
and i s ch u ri a
A sth matic affectio n s
S pas ms o f the C hest
W
u rm
le
u risy with sero u s e ff u sion
t
P
R
a
c
k
er
) Incipient
(
)
hy drothorax (R a cker t ) P alpitation o f the heart R he u matic
te aring pain in the sho u lder j oints
A N T I D O T E s A g ainst large doses Vinegar and H oney
h
au stic A mmonia
t
b
r
c
C
si x to eight drops
in some e au
S
)
(
s u c r (S ch bn l ei n ) To h oma O pat h i c doses Cocc u lu s N u x
P u lsatilla
V o mica
of

XXV

C U C UM I S
C ol ocy

O Y S C

S YN
cy n

t hi

T h ea t

fr u ct u

ti

or

B au h

i n or ,

ma/n ,
mm, p

t h i s, G er ar d E
.

91 5 ; R

31 3

B i tter App l e

or

AM E s

C ol o

q i t id
u n

u in

te

I t al

Ger m :

as .

C ol o

C ol o

in t e

q i tid
u n

Du t

at

GE N C HA R
.

6 42

v lg
u

C ol o

ar i s ,

an

7c

C ol o qu i n

K ol o qu i n t

a b.

Ar

Sp an

a.

S wed

u n z il

er s .

O r d er ,

Hi s t

ai i

C ol ocy n t h i s

R u s s : C ol o t si n t
D an
C ol oqv i n d er
C ol o qw i n t
T a m P ey coomu t ik ai , Var r i ec oo mu t i k ai
H u n z il
.

C ol o

C O L O C YN T H I S

B i t t er C u cu mber

ol ocy n

r ot u n

1 60

F O R E I GN N

th

C a ly

C U C U R B IT A C E E M O N (E C I A S Y N G E N E S I A
,

bl r
b P

xt u

u a

mp an u l at e

ca

hs b l t
dher t t o

wi t

a e se

gm t
en

s, sc a cel y

h h

l en g t h of t h e t u e
o t er an d t h e
e t a l s s carc el
e ac
a
en
y
c al y x
M a l es S t a mi n a v e, tr i a el
Fema l es S t i g mas t h ree,
ou s
t i c , i art i te
Fr u i t ( e on i a) t h r ee t o si x c ell e
S eed s o at e, c om
th

d ph

'

h k bp
pr s d
es e

n ot

pp

margi n

mon oeci ou s

Fl ower s

at e .

or

h erm ph di t
r o

e,

el l ow

(D eca n d ol l e)
S P E C C HA R S t em p rocu mben t somew h at hi sp i d
L eaves c ordat e ovat e
man y l ob ed w hi te wi th h ai rs b en eat h ; t h e l ob es o b tu se ; t h e p et i ol e s
a s t h e l ami n a
soli t ary
as l on g
Fl ow er s axil l ary
T en dr i l s s h ort
s tal k e d ; f ema l es wi t h t h e t u b e of t h e c al x gl o b o s e
s omew h at h i s pi d
y
t h e l i mb c amp an u l at e wi t h n ar row seg men t s
Fr u i t
P et al s smal l
gl ob ose smo ot h y ell ow w h en ri p e wi t h a thin sol i d ri n d an d very bi t ter
.

fl es

(D ec a n

IST OR Y

d o l l e)

Dr A dams (D u n bar G r L ea ) considers the

K oxoxu v s o f the ancient Materia Medica described by D ios
c o r i d e s and G alen
to be the C u c u mis C ol o c y n t h i s (B itter
A pple ) of the modern P har macop oeias
even in the d ays
Bu t
the l i t er a t i co mpl ained o f the di ffi c u lty o f dis
of A t h en a u s
H

F ig

(P ep0 )
~

sect i on

of

th

o wer

Th

an

er

see

Th

fr u i t

C O L O C YN T H I S

211

the s u mmer fr u its fro m one another o w i n g to the

c on f u sion o f na mes which h ad t aken pl ace amo n g the a u thor s
w h o h ad treated o f the m
an d these r e marks may apply t o t h e
pl ant in qu estion as we nd t h e C olocynth described by Th e o
h
r as t u s
down
by
kho
u se as the C u c u mis C o l o c y n t h i s
u
t
t
ac
S
p
p
and by others as the co mmon c u cu mber A gain the Kox w y p a
o f H ippocrates h as been considered to be the C u c u mis Colo
cyn this by P ereira the C u c u mis s ativ u s by S prengel and
other c omment ators ; and C u c u rbita sylvestris o r Wild G o u rd
by G e r ar d e ; the latter decl ares the C olocynth to be the W ild
C i t r a l l and he s ays
T h e L atine translators fo r C o l o c y n t h i s do
o ft entimes set down C u cu rbit a syl v es t ris notwithstanding this
di ffereth fro m C o l o c v n t h i s o r C oloq u intida fo r C u c u rbita sy l

a
ay
v e st r i s is c alled in G r e e k e K h oxq
p
T h e C olo c yn t h O f modern times is s u pposed t o be the go u rd
mentioned in the S econd B ook o f K i ngs ch ap iv
v 39
W hen in the famine in G ilg al the prophet E lish a showed h i s
di vine mission by making the poisono u s go u rd a whol esome
veget able
The A rabian physici ans c alled it A lhandal and were well
acqu ainted with its properties I t is mentioned in the works
o f A vicenna S erapion Mesne E b n B ai t h ar
etc
T h e G reek physicians employed i t chiey as a drastic
pu rgative in dropsy leth argy and in mania and t o prod u ce
abortion
F ro m its violent dr astic effe cts it has been in general u s e
fr o m th e earliest ti mes as an ingredient in most p u rges and has
been employe d chiey : In alvine obstr u ctions H abit u al con
st i p at i o n
S o me disease s o f the brain as apoplexy mania In
dropsy and in amen or r h a a and chlorosis as a sympath etic
medicin e In chronic go u t and rhe u matis m P ar alysis P ar a
plegia and he miplegia (S ch n ei d er ) G astric ner v o u s fever
H a mat e mesi s
H e morrhoid al colic (i d )
(H och en ber y er )
Dysentery (A r a ber ) P ar alysis
A ffections o f the liver
of the bladder (N eu man n )
P aralysis o f the u pper and lower
t in g

i sh i n g

'

FL O R A

2 12

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

extre mities (K oelp i n H i n z e Vor g t el S ch mu r N eu man n )

etc etc (vi de N oa ck a n d T r i n h s H an db f ur H om A r z n ei mi t t )
hite annu al
T his is a t railin g pl ant with a w
D E S C R I P TI O N
br anched root which s tr i kes deep into the g r o u n d T h e s t em
is herbaceo u s ang u lar branched covered with ro u gh hairs and
trails along the gro u nd ; in its appearance rese mbling the
co mmon cu c u mber The t en dr i l is l i for m branching O pposite
each le af The l eaves are tri ang u lar obtu se sin u ated hairy
ne green o n the u pper s u r fa ce ro u gh an d whitish
of a
u n derne ath
F l ow er s yello w with greenish veins and soli
M a l e ow er s :
t ary and ap pear at the a xill a o f the le aves
C or ol l a monopetalo u s bell
C a l y x bell shaped v e toothed
shaped di vided into ve seg me n ts S t a men s three short free ;
two o f which ha v e do u bly bent anthers or consist o f t w o
anthers ; in whi c h case the nu mber o f stamens is re ally ve
F ema l e f l ower s : the ca l y x an d cor ol l a si mil ar to the mal e owers
The ova r i u m is ro u nd s mooth in ferior S t y l e short cylindric al
S t ig ma s three ; laments witho u t anthers
F r u i t (pepo ) abo u t
the siz e o f an orange with a thin b u t solid rind T h e owers
appe ar fro m M ay till A u g u st W oodvi l l e a n d P er ei r a)
A c cording t o Captain L yon the seeds are per fectly i n n o c u
an d highly n u tritio u s
and constitu te an important article
ou s
p 35 7 )
B u t Christison (D i sp
o f food in N orthern A fric a
st ates th at those fro m the dried fr u it bro u ght to this co u ntry
however care fu lly w ashed partake slightly o f the bitterness o f
the p u lp
G E O G R A PH I C A L D I S T R I B UTI O N J apan the sandy l ands o f
the Coro mandel Coast C ape o f G ood H ope S yri a N u bia
E gypt T u rkey and the Isl ands o f the G reci an A rchipel ago;
B u rckhard t when tr av elling in N u bia
C u lti v ated in S p ain
fo u nd the gro u nd in many p arts co v ered with this pl ant
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D ICI N E A N D M O D E OF P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e F r u it (pepo )
The following description o f the fru it is
The
t aken fro m P ereir a s E l emen t s of M a t M ed p 1 075
f r u it is g athered i n the a u t u mn when ripe and yellow and i n
,

C O L O C YN T H I S

2 13

most co u ntries is peeled and dried either by the su n o r by

stoves In co mmerce it is i mported fro m S pain (A lmeria
,

Cadi z M al ag a etc ) T rieste M alta S myrn a A lex

andrett a
Mogadore etc T h e fr u it c alled Colocynt h o r Colo
u i n t i d a (C o l o c n t h i s po ma C o l o c n t h i d i s ) is i mported ei t her
q
y
y
eel ed (generally) or
so
eti
es
npeeled
Its
p
u lp
p
u lpa
m
m
u
(
p
C ol o c y n t h i di s e xs i c c at a) is nearly white inodoro u s light
spong y poro u s to u gh intensely and nau seo u sly bitter T h e
s eed s (se mina C ol o c n t h i d i s ) are s mooth
either white o r yel
y
lowish
white (white C olocy nth seed s) o r brownish (blac k
Colocynth seeds ) bitter espe ci ally the dark colo u red ones
and inodoro u s T w o kinds o f Colo c y nth distingu ished as
T u r key and M og a d or e C ol ocy n t h are known i n co mmerce

T u r key C ol ocy n t h : p eel ed C ol ocy n t h

T his is imported fro m
the L evant S pain etc T h e u s u al siz e O f each pepo is abo u t
t w o o r t hree inches in di a meter ; the sh ape is more or les s
glob u lar according to the evenness with which the rind has
been re moved and the degree o f contr action in dr y ing ; the
colo u r is white or p ale yellowish white O n e hu ndred parts
by weight are said to consist o f twenty eight p arts p u l p and
seventy two parts seeds
o f this
u n p eel ed C ol oc n t h
The
pepo
M og a d or e C ol ocy n t h
y
kind i s larger than the precedi n g and is covered with a
yellowish s mooth r m rind It is imported fro m M ogadore
in s mall qu antities only and is prin cipally u sed by dr u ggists

fo r S how bottles
T o prepare it fo r homoeop athic u se the fr u it well dried is
redu ced t o powder withou t the assistance o f heat according t o
t h e r u les given fo r the preparation o f dried pl ants ; set aside for
a week to be sh aken twice daily ; the n attenu ated to t h e thirtieth
dil u tion an d preserved in well stopped bottles in a dark place
H ahne mann (M a t M ed F u r ) orders the dry fr u i t to be
redu ced to powder twenty grains of which are infu sed fo r a
week in 400 drops o f alcohol stirr ing it twice a day Twenty
drops o f this tinct u re c o ntain o n e grain o f the esse n ce
G ibr altar ,

2 14

FLO R A

P H YS I O L OG I C A L

E FF E

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

T S 0 n

i ma l s

Colocynth acts on
ani mals as o n man as a violent drastic and poison O r l a
(T ex G en 3r d edit p 6 9 1 ) made ve experiments o n dogs
he fo u nd th at th ree dra ch ms introd u c ed into the sto mach were
su i c i en t to c au se death
O n examin at ion after de ath the
mu co u s membrane o f the sto mach was fo u nd inamed t hro u gh
The d u oden u m j ej u nu m and ile u m the
i t s whole extent
c a c u m and rst portion O f the colon were fo u nd O f a very
red col ou r A ccording to V iborg (P h ar m Vet
the
O peration o f C olocynth on horses is co mparati v ely slight
gave fo u r drach ms t o a s mall horse wi t h
M oi r o u d (i d 1
produ cin g any partic u lar sympto ms H e mentions also
ou t
another cu rio u s circ u mstance Vl z that he fo u n d that bryonia
(o n e o f the C u c u rbitace a ) had b u t little i f any e ffect on the
horse
In
O n M amColocynth in moderate doses a cts as a p u r ge
In
f u l l doses as a violent drastic cathartic and hydragog u e
excessi v e doses it h as o ften proved a fatal poison prod u cing
violent vo miting and p u rging and other sympto ms o f gastric
intestinal inammation
F ordyce (F r ay m of S u r y a n d M ed p 6 6 ) mentions the case
to colic fo r thirty ye ars fro m
o f a wo man w h o w a s a pre y
having taken an infu sion o f the p u lp of Col o cynth mixed with
s ome beer
T u lpi u s (O bser v M ed i ci n a l es iv 0 2 7 p 2 1 8 1 ) notices the
case o f a man w h o was nearly carried off by pro fu se blo o dy
diarrh oea in consequ ence o f taking a decoction O f three Colo
cynth apples
In 1 8 2 3 a coroner s inqu est was held in L ondon on the
b o dy o f a woman w h o died in twenty fo u r ho u rs with incessant
Vo miting and p u rging in consequ ence o f having swallowed by
mistake a teaspoonfu l and a h alf o f Colocynth powder
Diosc o rides (lib iv c 1 7 8 ) had observed that Colo cynth
introd u ced into the rectu m produ ced a discharge of blo od
(dysentery)
C

'

C O L O C YN T H I S

A man swallowed three o u nces

2 15

Colocynth in t h e h o pe o f
getting rid o f a gonorrhoe a which he had had fo r so me d ays
In a short time violent pains in the epigastri u m wi t h excessive
v omiting in abo u t t w o ho u rs there were copio u s al vine dej e o
tions the sight w as obsc u red ; he heard with diffic u lty ; slight
A ft er so me slight
followed by vertigo
d eliri u m c ame o n
treatment the sympto ms gradu ally s u bsided (O r l a T ox G en
vol i p 6 9 5 3r d edit )
enty eight years s u bj ect to bleeding
A locksmi h aged t w
he morrhoids co mpl ained fo r so me time o f pains in the stomach
and man y other sympto ms o f dyspepsi a A G erman workman
his co mpanion pr omised t o cu re h i m r adic ally by means o f a
do mestic re medy H e took by his advice t w o glasses o f a bitter
deco c tion which I fo u n d afterwards to be Colocynth
The
remedy prod u c ed frequ ent evac u ations acco mpanied by coli c ;
so me ho u rs after the p atient compl ained o f great he at in his
int estines a sensation o f dryness in the thro at and an u n
qu en c h able th i rst H e came fo r me at night The tr u e cau se
o f the disease w as hidden fro m me
I fo u nd the patient with a
s mall p u lse very acceler ated ; the tong u e red ; the abdo men
ten der and very painfu l to to u c h ; the p ain was xed and very
se v ere near the u mbilic u s ; the stools were su ppressed T h e
next morning the abdo men was more inated and more painfu l
The patient was pl aced I n a tepid bath an d six ho u rs after all
the p ains in c re ased ; there w as retention o f u rine painfu l
retr action o f the testicles an d priapi s m T h e third day the
retention of u rine ce ased b u t t h e other sympto ms contin u ed ;
the p u lse was s mall an d c o mpressed ; hicco u gh s u pervened
the extre mities became c old the he a d an d chest were covered
wit h a gre asy swe at ; in the evening all the pain ceased an d
the p atient died in the night O n a P os t M O t t em exami nation,
the abdomin al viscera showed the gr eatest disorg aniz ation ; the
abdomen was lled with a whitish u id fu ll o f ocks o f the
same colo u r the intestines were u lcer ate d S cat ter e d over Wi t h
black spots fo r the most part adhering and covered with fals e
o

FL OR A

2 16

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

me mbranes the intern al me mbr ane o f t h e st Omach was detached

the peritone u m w as al most gan grened ; the
an d u lcer ated ;
i

liver kidneys and bl adder showed traces 0 f inammation

1
T
c
i
n
O
rf
ox G en
A
n ec
n
ar
r
on
d
C
)
(
y
It is to be re marke d th at in the experiments with C olocyn th
and E l ateriu m when these po i sons h ave prod u ced deat h after
their introdu ction into the sto mach this organ and t h e rectu m
are fo u nd in amed whilst the rest o f the intestines ar e fo u nd in
the n atu r al condition
This applies equ ally to many other
poisono u s s u bstances
It appears t o depend on the r apidity
with which a part o f the poison tra v erses the intestines an d t h e
long time i t remains in the sto mac h and rectu m and not in
virtu e o f a specic action u pon this intestine for it is w anting
o ften when t h e poison prod u ces death a fter being inj ected into
the c ell u l ar tiss u e o f the thigh (0 rf l c )

E
S
CE
A
T
I
S
H
O
M
O
P
H
C
h
H
a
n eman n s obs er va t i on s
M E D IC A L U
(
)
c ie n ts br o u ght Colocynth in t o disrep u te by u sing
1
The
an
(
it in large and d angero u s doses as an aperient Their s u ccessors
alarmed at s u ch ex amples rej ected it altogether and were th u s
deprived o f its powerfu l assist ance in disease They ventu red
only on very rare occasions after weakening and
u pon it
called
c h anging its properties by me ans o f other s u bstances
correctives which they considered proper t o so ften and over
co me the venom with which they believed it to be impregnated
They added other aperient ingredients by me ans o f a mu ci
l ag i n o u s g u m and diminished its strength both by fer mentation
an d by a contin u ed eb u llition with water wine etc
B u t after
all these alterations Colocy n th was still danger ou s i n the large
doses they administered
H o w extraordinary it is
that at all times schools o f
medicine sh ou ld have shu n ned reecti on and that u nder ci r
c u mst an c e s like these the idea sh o u ld never occ u r that in cases
where medicine s o f this p o wer fu l kind in certain doses are too
violent it may be attrib u table less to their natu re than to the
siz e o f the d o se which is capable of bei n g di minished ; an d
"7

C O L O C YN T H I S

2 17

this di minu tion witho u t taking a w ay the properties o f the

medicinal agent will red u ce its strength so as e ffectu ally to
prevent i t s doing inj u ry while it allows it to be u s ed s u c c ess
T his is i n s hort the n a tu r al an d simple corrective o f
fu lly
all medicines endo w ed wi t h s u ch power fu l properties It is
e v ident th at i f a pint o f al c ohol ,dr ank o ff at once can kill a
man it is not fro m any inherent poisono u s qu alit y b u t fro m
the t o o gre at streng t h o f the do s e an d th at two drops o f alcohol
wo u ld be in c ap able o f h u rting the man
It is also cle ar th at i f
o n e drop o f concentrated s u lph u ric acid wo u ld inst antly b u rn and
corrode that part o f the tongu e on which it fell it wo u l d merely
be a mildly acidu l ated liqu or when mixed with a su fficient
qu antity o f w at er
T his is the only way to disco v er the inestimable v al u e
hitherto u nknown o f those po w erfu l (h er oi c) medicines c alle d
poisons in cases which are the most diffic u lt t o tre at and t o
obtain their effects whether in ac u te o r C hronic affections N O
schools o f medicine h ave hitherto s u c c eeded in this bec au se
their S illy and childish method o f so ft enin g powerfu l s u bstances
u s e failed
and the y were
an d rendering the m appli c able for
o bliged to gi v e u
p the u se O f the most e ffecti v e and sal u tary
medicines
G u ided by the morbid sympto ms ind u ce d in persons in
he alth I hav e s u cceeded in prod u c ing the most h appy c u res by
Colocynth gi ving as a dose only a s mall p art o f a drop o f the
o ctillionth o r decillionth dil u tion o f the above tinct u re
T O li mit mysel f to a single example colics o f the severest
kind are O ften qu ickl y c u red according to sympto ms when at
the s ame time the other morbid conditions were in so me degree

an alogo u s t o the sympto ms o f C olocy nth

C L I N IC A L O B S E R V A T I O N S
N oa ek a n d T r i n ks (l
A ccordin g
to P rofess or M artin C olo c y nth pro motes the secreti on o f mu cu s
considerably b u t not permanently It acts similarly to S pirit u
O u s s u bst ances
Its primary e ffects u pon the o rganis m are s o
powerfu l that the dist u rbances which it produ ces in it are su c
,

2 18

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

by secon d ary sympto ms o f long d u ration Colocynth is

especial ly s u i table t o s t henic dry b i lio u s atrabilio u s s ang u ine
and choleric melancholy t e m
o u s he morrhoid al cons t itu tions
a dapted to lax and scro fu lo u s consti
It
is
likewise
r ame n t s
e
p
t u t i on s ; to passionate excitable i ndividu als ; wo men s u ffering
It
fro m pro fu se cat ameni a and s u ch as lead a sedentary life
deser v es especi al consideratio n in bilio u s conditions
A c u te
sthenic rhe u matis m A rthritic conditions Paraly sis N e u
B
u s f e v er
a ce
u sed by
rthroc
ilio
ca
A
anxiety and
r al i a
g
grief P u erperal fever consequ ent on vexation P eriodical
se mil ater al headache retu rning e v ery day
Megrim wit h
V iolent head aches accompanied with
n au sea and vo miting
constric tion o f the chest H ead ac he o n the le ft side with a
sensat ion as i f the le ft h alf o f the head w as being torn O ff (G a s
an d other i n ammat i o n s o f the eyes (S ch el l er
rthritic
A
r
a
)
p y)
P rosopalgi a with violent tearing and b u rnin g o n o n e side o f the
face
S pas modic inammat ory and at u l e n t colic (H a r t l au b)
C olic fro m cold and also fro m moral e motions etc Colic with
diarrhoea after taking food cau sing one to bend d ou ble E pi
de mic dysentery in the rst and second st age (S cu d er y )
Dysenteric diarrh oea P soitis chronica (R u cker t ) C o xar t h r o
cace Ischias nervosa c ot u n n i (with the he l p of N u x V o mic a)
L anci n ating pains i n different parts o f the sacr u m and hips
obliging one to limp (H ar t l au b) etc etc
infu sion o f
A gainst large doses tepid Milk
A N T I DO T E s
G alls C amphor O piu m T O small doses Camphor C au sticu m
Col o cyn th an
C hamo milla Co ffea S t aph y s ag r i a Tabac u m
t i d o t e s Cau sticu m and Merc u ri u s
c ee de d

XX VI
C O N I UM
C ommon
S

k Th

m,

ea t

1 60

302

FO R E I G N
c

hd
a

Dut

R u ss

ai i

m
Ger m ,
dr

v ol

AM E s

F r

or o

r d er

lla

G er

1 30

tz

r an

v ol

G r an

l mg

eer

C ig u

or

S wed

u st r

1 06 1

3 37

fasc

iu m

on

C i cu t a

on

iu m
1 00

macu l at u m,

major
C

B au h

o r i an

Sp P l

major ,

l g ar i s

n e

ru

34 9 ;

of

C i g u de

mag g i o r e C on i o man
Ger m G e ec t e S chi er l i n g
o d or t
D am
S k ar n t y d e

C i cu t a

Spr akli g

. .

al l

er s

I t al

UM B E L L I F E R E

Fl w
s p eri or

HA R

t a,

C i cu t a, C e g u d a

21 51 ;

Ha l l Hi s t

C i cu

b B en

er

at

Sy

i u m,

B ot i g ol or pi at n i st oi

GE

on

D oll ek er vel , S ch

or i an

Sp a n

t a, R

cu

R ot h

9 33

macu l at u m
F t B r it

ar

M A C U LA T UM

Sp ot ted H eml ock, H eml ock If ex, H

or

YN O N YM S C i

p rf t
i v r
ec

ve

D R I A D I GY N I A
,

ht l y i rr g l r
h rt h p d p t

Sl

ig

e sel y

P E N TA N

ea

yx
wi t

e al s ,

al

sol et e

an

te

acu

rmo st rat h er t h e l arg est F i l o/me t v e h air

l i k e scarc el y so l on g as t h e c orol l a
A n t h s ro u n d i s h
G men eg g
S h ap e d somew h at co mp r e s s e d fu rr o w e d w ri n kl e d
S t y l es t w o t hre a d
s h ap e d
el on g at e d
S p read i g
pro ceedi n g
a l i t t l e s w ell e d at t h e b ase
fro m t h e dil at e d d epress ed w avy p er man en t oral rec ept acl e S t i g ma
bl u n t F i t bro adl y eg g shap ed sli g ht l y c ompressed wi t h t en pr o
mi n en t acu t e ri b s w avy i n an u pr i g ht st at e crown ed w i t h t h e dil at e d
u n du l at e d
i
n g
erman en t
l
n d t h e s h ort e st
p
s
p
r
e
a
d
r
a
l
e
e
t
c
e
a

p
s t y l es
C p el (see ds of L i n n a u s ) h al f eg g s h ap e d t u mi d eac h w i t h
ve promi n en t w a ve d or cre n at e d r i dg es b ec omi n g n al l y st rai g ht an d
i n exe d

oi n

t, th

e ou

te

bl

es

hi pl
s

gr v

an

thr

ee

l ea

A o wer

th
t

gi

es on

2 An

kw d

G r ee

ddi

n es s

or

man y

st r i a

Un i v er

o n e si

u n r

sa l

Th

fr u i t

K an / O S , a co n e,

p d d
ro

fro n t

in

oo

Fr o m t h e

3*

se

I n t er s t i ces w i t

n a r ow

F ig

ar

on e o f

er

r u

e ven

er

u ce

on

wi t

in
e

v o u cr u

Ob
.

or

man

ou

i t t ce

m of

sol et e c a l y x,

Th
a

e r oot

v
vr

few l ea
th

in

es ;

a s

h p
ar

p ar t i a l

e sel y

h d
ea

t op, w

c on st

S e ed w i t

o se

w ir lin g

i t u t i on by t h

mot i on

oi son ou s

re

ju i ce of

FL O R A

2 20

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

h p d p t l t h br dl y g g h p d f i t d t h
p l wi t h
pr mi t w v d o r t d ri dg w i t h t h i t r t i w i t h t i t t
r i t h s m l s d rd r
wi ll di t i g i h t h i fr m t h r g
d
S P C C H R S t m mo t h p l i h d
p tt d m h b r h e d
l sp r h p d s h ort r t h a t h e u mb el l l
f i vol
L
S

n en

a e

e a s,

eaves o

r u

an

es ,

ea

u ce s

c en a e
o

oa

en e a

an

e ca r

e s

ces

ve

ou

an

e C as

e s,

u c

an c

u es

It

has been gener ally asserted that the Coni u m

macu latu m o f L i n n a u s is the v et or o f the G reeks an d the plant
fro m which t h e A t henian state poison which destroyed S o c rates
and P hocion was co mposed ; in all probability they are identic al
Dioscorides (lib iv cap 7 9) describes it pretty min u tely b u t
nor
n ot cle arly eno u gh to disting u ish it fro m other u mbellifer a
is P liny s description s u fcient H owe v er S i b t h o r p (P r od
c ) fo u nd it gro w ing in ab u ndance ne ar A t hens ; an d
F l or e
,
I n describing an a cco u nt o f its
N i c an d er (Al exip pp 34
e ffects en u merates sympto ms very n early analogo u s to t h o se we
are familiar with as the res u lt o f poisoning by C oni u m mac u
l atu m A n d the symp t o ms recorded by Plato in the following

e xtr act fro m the P h a d o o n the de ath o f S ocrates are very

similar t o those observed when the pois on affects the spinal cord
in partic u lar
A n d G rito hearing this gave the Sign to the boy w h o stood
n e ar ; and the boy dep arting aft er so me ti me ret u rned bring
ing with h i m the man w h o was to administer the pois on who
bro u ght it ready br u ised i n a c u p A n d S ocrates beholding
the man said G ood friend c o me hi t her ; y o u are experienced
i n these affairs
wh at is t o be done 7
N o t hing
replied
the man
only when y o u hav e dran k the poison y ou are to
w alk abo u t u ntil a heaviness takes pl ace in y o u r legs ; then lie
down : this is all y o u have to do
A t the sa me time he p
sented the c u p S ocrates received it fro m h i m with great cal m
ness witho u t fear or change O f co u ntenance an d reg arding the
man with his u s u al stern aspect he asked \Vh at say y o u o f
this potion ! Is i t la w fu l to S prinkle an y p o rtion o f it o n the
e ar t h as a libation o r n o t
We o n ly br u ise said the man
as mu ch as is barel
I u nder
y s u fcient for the p u rpose
H

I STOR Y

M A C U L A T UM

C O N I UM

22 1

stand y o u said S o cr ates ; bu t i t is c ertainl y l awfu l and proper

to pr ay the gods that my depart u re fro m hence may be pr o spe
ro u s an d h appy which I indeed beseech them t o grant
So
s ay ing he c arried the c u p to his mo u th and dr ank it with gre at
pro mptne s s an d facility
T hu s far most o f u s had been able to re frain fro m weeping
B u t w hen we s aw t hat he w as dri n king an d actu ally had drank
the poi s on we c o u l d no longer restr ain o u r tears A n d fro m
me t hey broke forth with s u ch violence that I covered my face
an d deplored m
wret
c hedness
I
did
not
weep
f
o r his fate so
y
mu ch as fo r the loss o f a friend and bene fac tor whi ch I was
abo u t to s u stain B u t C r i t o u nable to restr ain his tears n o w
broke forth in lo u d l ame n t at ions which infected al l who were
present except S ocr ates
B u t he obser v in g u s excl aimed
Wh at is it y o u d o my excellent friends ! I have sent aw ay
t h e wo men that they might not betr ay s u ch we akness
I h av e
he ard th at it is o u r d u ty to die c heer fu lly and with ex pressions
o f j oy an d pr aise
B e silent t here fore an d let yo u r fortitu de
be seen
A t this a ddress we bl u shed and s u ppressed o u r
tears B u t S ocr ates aft er walking abo u t now told u s th at his
legs were beginning to gro w he av y and immedi ately l ai d d o w n
fo r so he h ad been ordered
A t the same time the man w h o
had given h i m the poison examined his fe et and legs tou chin g
the m at interv als A t leng t h he pressed v i ol en t l v u pon his foot
an d a sked i f he felt it
T o which S ocrates replied th at he did
not T h e man then pressed his legs and so on showing u s th at
he was beco ming cold an d stiff A n d S ocrates feeling it h i m
self as s u r ed u s that when t h e e ffe c t s h ad a scended t o h i s hear t
he S ho u ld be gone A n d n o w the middle o f his body gr owing
cold he t hrew aside his clothes an d spoke fo r t h e l ast time
O rito we o w e the sacrice o f a c o c k to E sc u l api u s D ischarge
this and n eglect it not
It sh all be done s aid C r i t o ;
hav e y o u any t hing el s e to s ay ! H e made no reply b u t a
mo ment after mo v ed an d his eyes bec ame xed A n d O rito

seei n g this closed his eyelids and mo u t h

FLO R A

2 22

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

was poi s oned by v st ov (P l u t a r ch s L i ves); b u t it

a ppears that the G reeks w ere in the habit o f c alling poisons
by this name as we nd the words 7 mm m vs v to drink poison
(L y s c E r a t ost h ) v s v m n m m h av ing dru nk poison (P l a t o
Lys
Dr A dams (App en d D u n b G r L ex ) says there
be no d o u bt th at it w as by a deco c tion o f this plant t h at
c an
H aller
S ocrates w as p u t to de at h (see M a cer l i b i C
considers it t o be the extr act o f C ic u ta v irosa It is also t o
be noticed that P l ato in his description o f the poison does
give an y particu l ar n ame b u t u ses the very gener al
n ot
t er m (Da g u xov w hi c h denotes a strong potion ei t her poi
T h e L a t in s c alled the H e mlock Cic u t a
son o u s or medi c inal
a general te m u sed for many u mbellifero u s poisono u s pl ants ;
r
and L amarck cens u res L i n n a u s for h avin g changed the name
t o Coni u m forgetting th at L i n n a u s w as only restoring the
ancient ter m ; the W ord Cic u ta being entirely o f L ati n
origin
and u nknown to the G reeks
M an v L atin au thors re fer t o Cic u ta in th e ir writings ; and
Lu cretiu s (lib v ver 8 9 7 ) exe mplies o u r O ld E nglish proverb
what is o n e man s meat is another man s poison 1 n t h e lines
relating to this plant
P hocion

zo ,

lo

99

'

P i n g u esc er e
B ar b i g er as pecu des, h

mi n i

qu

sa

C i cu t a,

a est acr e

en en u

was e mpl oyed fo r me d icin al p u rposes in early times Dios

c or i d es u s e d it as a collyri u m mixed with wine and as a c atapl as m
in herpes and e r ysipel as an d as an an aphrodisiac P liny (N a t
xvi c 1 6 ) s ays the leav es keep down al l t u mo u rs
H i st b x
appe ase pain an d c u re watery eyes and A n axi l au s st ates th at
t h e ma mma anointed with the j u ice never grow aft erw ards

e t incre ment a mammar u m e t testi u m c o h i b e r e

(A r et x u s d e
A v icenna pr aises it as a re medy
M or b A ou t lib ii 0
H e s ays (lib ii p 6 6 2) it stops
fo r t u mo u rs o f the breasts
B aron
bleedin g co n geals the blood an d ind u ces lepra
S t or ck w as the rst person w h o introd u ced it to any extent as
It

'

'

CON IUM

M A C UL A T U M

2 23

a re medial agent ; he e mployed it with great e ffect in the c u res

Th e
o f scirrh u s c ancer u lcers an d many other chronic diseases
praise s he besto w ed u po n it led to its almost u nivers al adop t ion
and o f co u rse to gener al disappointment ; and fro m the gener al
i n e f c ac y experien c ed in t his co u ntry it was s u p posed that
the H e mlock o f S t orck w as a different pl ant to o u rs b u t this
w as proved not to be the c ase
It has been also u sed in chronic
rhe u matis m gl and u lar swellings and vario u s xed and periodical
p ains F othergill and B u tter (M ed O bs er v a n d I n qu i r vol
iii ) recommended its u s e in hooping co u gh and in p ainfu l
a ffectio n s o f the face R osenstein in S w eden P resident F ishe r
and P ro fess o r J ackson in A meric a ha v e fo u nd its rel axing
e ffects facilitate the pass age o f bili ar y calc u li B igelow fo u nd
it u se f u l in j au ndi c e B ergi u s extol s it in i mpotency fo r its
re markable opposite e ffects as an external re medy to those
p arts
It h as bee n u sed in nympho mania and s atyri asis
fro m its an aphrodisia c properties
F othergill C hau s sier
an d
D u me r i l fo u nd it s u ccess fu l i n t i c do u lo u re u x ; an d i t
also has been fo u nd s u ccess fu l in c ases o f he micrania whi c h
are not reg u larly intermittent ; in syphilis by P e arson ; and in
bronchocele by G ibson o f P ennsylvania B u t its chie f r e c o m
men d at i o n in the allopathic s chool o f me d icine has been in
enl arge ment and indu ration o f the absorbing and secreting
gl ands and o f the viscer a ; scrofu la O bstinate chronic S kin dis
e ases an d fo u l u lcers ; also in mammary t u mo u rs and pro fu se
secretion o f milk (g al ac t o r r h a a) fo r this latter p u rpose i t h as
been u sed since the time o f Dioscoride s B ayle (B i b T h er ap
vol iii p 6 18 ) colle c ted fr om vario u s au thors forty six c a ses
o f cancero u s diseases c u red and twenty six ameliorated by the
u se o f C oni u m
D E S C R I P TI O N
C o n 1u m mac u lat u m is a bienni al pl ant o w er
ing in J u ne and Ju ly T h e r oot is e s hy top shaped whitish
f r equ en t ly forked o f a dis agree able smell an d sweetish t aste
S t em fro m th r ee to six feet high u pright ro u nd hollow s mooth
glau co u s shiny mu ch branched an d copio u sly spotted o r
,

FL O R A

2 24

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

treaked with reddish o r brownish p u rple

L eaves l arge
spre ading repeatedly co mpo u nd o f a deep shining green
L ea et s egg sh ape d cl o s el y an d sh arply pi n n at i e d P et i ol es
Umbel s
long fu rrowed dilated and she athing at the base
terminal very n u mero u s u pright compo u nd oc c asionally at
tended by one o r t w o si mple axillary o nes al l many rayed and
s mooth G en er a l i n vol u c r u ms o f sever al short egg spear sh aped
lea v es which ar e me mbrano u s at their edges P a r t i a l ones
(i n vol u cel s ) o f abo u t three spear shaped leaves which are all
directed to one side and mu ch S horter than the u mbell u l es a
C h aracter which wi ll disting u ish this fro m the JE t h u sa cynapiu m
in whi c h the u mbell u les are S horter than the invol u cels (see g
pl
o f JE t h u s a
F l ow er s n u mero u s white all prolic ; the
F r u i t ab u ndant egg sh aped
o u termost sl ightly irreg u l ar
the ridges crenated C arp el s wi th
S lightly co mpre s sed fu rrowed
ve c ren ated ridges three o n the back an d two o n the mar gins
The C oniu m mac u l atu m may be di sting u ished fro m oth er
The s mooth
u mbellifero u s plants by the fol l o w mg characters
spotted wi t h p u rplish spots ; t h e s mooth dark and
s t em
glos sy green colo u r o f the lower leaves ; the g en er a l i n vol u cr e
o f fro m three to seven le aets ; the p ar t i a l i n vol u cr e o f three
le aets ; the f r u i t with u nd u lated crenate d primary ridges
T h e whole herb when br u ise d h as a dis agreeable s mell (c o m
p ared by so me t o the odo u r o f mice by others to that O f fre sh
c anth arides) H e mlock has been confo u nded n o t u nfrequ ently
with the wi ld celery (C h a r O ph y l l u m sylvestre ); this however
may be e asily dis t ing u ished by t h e ste m which is ro u gh an d
witho u t spots ; the seeds also ar e not stri ated
It may also
be con fo u nded with the ZE t h u sa cyn api u m and A n t hrisc u s
v u lg aris T h e JE t h u s a is s maller ; there is n o general i n
v ol u c r e ;
there are three long n arrow u nil ate r al pend u lo u s
le aets co mprising the p ar t i al in v olu cre ; and there is entire
a b s ence o f the pec u liar disagree able s mell i n the le aves
Th e
A n t hriscu s v u lg aris o r C o mmon B eaked P arsley is known fro m
H e mlo c k by the paler colo u r and slight hairiness o f the l ea ves ;
s

'

C O N I UM

M A

C UL A T U M

22 5

the absence o f S po t s on the s t em; by the Swelling u nder e ach

j oint ; by the absence o f t h e g en er a l i n vol u cr e ; by the ro u ghness
u nple as ant
by
h
o f the
an d
t
e ab s ence o f the st r ong
r u it ;
f
odo u r when the le aves are br u ised T h e C h a r o ph y l l u m b u l bo
s u m h as a s otted s t em b u t its swelled j oints and ro u gh s eed s
p
di s tin g u ish it fro m the H e mlock
G E O G R A P H IC A L D I S T R I BU T I O N H eml o cl{ is a native thro u gh
o u t the whole o f E u rope ; o f the e a stern p arts o f A sia N orth
A meric a an d C hili where it h as been introd u ced
L O C A L ITI E S I n hedges or ch ards w aste gro u nds an d o n
r u bbish an d d u n ghills especi ally near towns an d vill ages ; fr e
qu ent
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D ICI N E A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e L e aves an d Flowering S te m which are g athered i n the
month o f J u ne T h e j u i c e is e xpressed and tre ated in the
manner ordered for fresh plants
P HY S I OLOG IC A L E FF E C T S O n Veg et a bl es M arcet (A n n d e
xxiv 2 1 9) fo u nd th at a h aricot pl ant (P h a
C h i m et P h y s
al most
i mmedi ately a e c t e d by being
s e o l u s v u lg aris ) w as
pl aced in a sol u tion o f ve gr ains o f the extract o f H e mlock an d
w as co mpletely shri v elled u p in the co u rse o f forty eight ho u rs

A l t ho u gh C oniu m has been fo u nd poisono u s

m
a
l
s
n
A
n
i
O
t o swine an d other ani mals yet sheep go at s an d horses will
generally e at i t with i mp u nity ; and R ay states th at t hr u shes
will e at the seed s whi c h ar e more potent th an the l eaves e v en
when corn i s t o be h a d H e mlock appears to be more pr eju
d i ci al t o c arni v oro u s th an t o herbivoro u s ani mals
R o z ier (T a bl ea u t o m i 1 7 7 3) st ates that three spoon fu ls o f
the j u ice gi v en to a c at killed it in a qu arter o f an ho u r O r l a
(T ex G en v ol ii p 309) fo u nd th at the powder an d extrac t
were gener ally h armless when gi v en t o animals b u t th at the
j u i c e or leaves o f the f r esh pl ant produ ced the mo s t violent
s y mpto ms an d de ath
M o i r o u d (P h a r m Vet 3 59 ) h as given
three po u nds an d a h alf o f the plant to a yo u ng horse witho u t
inconvenience ; b u t in another case the decoction o f fo u r o u nces
by

FL O R A

2 26

H O M C aO P A T H I

CA

the dried plant prove d fat al It c au sed dej ection st u por

dil atation o f the p u pils tre mbling saliv ation nau sea spasmodic
c ontr ac tion o f the mu scles o f the extre mities rolling o f the eye
grinding O f the teeth and copio u s cold swe ats

I n l arge and poi s ono u s doses the s y mpto ms pro

n
M
n
a
O
d u c e d by the leaves an d seeds are those indi c ating disorders o f
the cerebro spin al syste m Dr J H B ennett me t with a case
which illu str ates its e ffects o n the spin al marrow A man at e a
l arge qu antity o f H e mlo c k plant by mistake fo r p arsley soo n
afterwards there w a s loss o f power in the lower extre mities
b u t he apparently s u ff ere d n o pain
I n w alking he st aggered
as i f he was dr u nk ; at length his li mbs re fu sed to s u pport h i m
aised
agged a fter h i m o r
an d he fell
n
being
r
his
legs
dr
O
T
when his ai ms were lifted they fell like inert masses and
re mained immovable ; there w as perfect p aralysis o f the u pper
and lower extre mities wi t hin two ho u rs after he h ad taken the
poison There w as a lo s s o f power o f degl u ti t ion and a partial
r al v si s o f sens ation b u t n o conv u lsions
onl
slight
occasi
nal
a
o
p
y
motions o f the le ft leg ; the p u pils were xed T hree ho u rs
after eating the H e mloc k the respiratory move ments h ad
ce ased Death took pl ace in three ho u rs and a qu arter It
e v idently c au sed by g rad u al asphyxia fro m p ar alysi s o f the
mu scles o f respiration b u t the intellect was per fectly clear u ntil
*
O n inspection there was slight sero u s
S hortly be fore de ath
e ff u sion bene ath the arachnoid membr ane The s u bst ance O f
the br ain was so ft o n se c t i o n ; there were n u merou s bloody
p o ints b u t the organ was otherwise healthy The l u ngs were
gorged with dark red u id blood ; the heart was so ft and abby
T h e stomach contained a gree n p u lt aceo u s mass rese mblin g
parsley ; the mu co u s coat w as mu ch congested especially at the
cardiac extre mity ; here there were n u merou s extrav as ations
o f dark bl o od below the epitheli u m over a space abo u t the si z e
The intestines were healthy and these presented
o f the hand
o

mp ar e

S ocr at es,

pp

th

p
m
t o ms
y

220, 221

esc r i

bd
e

b y P l at o i n

h is

ac co u n

of

th

d th
ea

of

CO N IUM

CUL A T U M

M A

227

p atches o f congestion on the mu co u s coat The blood thro u gh

o f the
A
was

portion
o u t the bod
u id and o f a d ark colo u r
y
green veget able mass was identied by D r C hristison as p ar t
o f the C oni u m mac u l at u m
S o me o f the le aves br u ised in a
mortar with a sol u t ion o f po t ash also g ave o u t the pecu lia r
odo u r o f t h e vol atile prin c iple C oni a (E d i n M ed a n d S u r g
J ou r n a l J u l y 1 8 45 p
D eliriu m and c on v u lsions are n o t co mmon e ffects o f poi s onin g
by this pl ant (T ay l or 1
T w o pries t s at e H e mlo c k root by mistake ; they became rav ing
mad and mi st aking the mselves fo r geese plu nged into the
w ater ; for three ye ars they s u ffered fro m p artial palsy and
violent p ain W i bmer W i r k etc ii
A n o l d wo man s u ffered fo r three months wi t h abdo minal
p ain and con v u lsive mo v e ments o f t h e limbs in consequ ence o f
"
eating H e mlock r o o t ( Wi bmer l c )
M H aaf a F rench ar my s u rgeon has described a fatal c ase
The s u bj ect of it a soldier h ad
o f poisoning with H e mlock
p art aken along w ith sever al co mrades o f a so u p containing
H e mlock le aves a n d appe ared to the m to drop asleep not long
after while they were c on v er sing In the co u rse O f an ho u r
they became al armed o n being al l taken ill with gid d iness and
he adac he an d the s u rgeon o f t h e regiment w as sent fo r H e
fo u nd the soldier who had fallen asleep in a state o f i n sen si
fro m w hich however he co u ld be r e u se d for a fe w
bi l i t y
.

'

R es

e ct i n

e et er i o u s ;

p b bl y
r o

th

of

so

b
'

Tr

o t an
at

Hi s t
eat

it

v ol

d M

an

i st , st at es t
th
,

c ol

b 26
b th g
.

of

Heml o ck

b il d
o

t i me

an s ,

o r n e an

me

th

on

e r o ot o f

(P h i l
A l ch

Heml o ck r o ot

hi g hl y d l

it is

er

c.

ga

er i n

xi x

d M

an

d fo u

th

at

th
.

an

cl i
sa

s,

d al so

r el at es

eal y

fo u r

it s

p
e

easan

l eSs

for t h
,

wi t
as

eat

n o cu o u s,

ms
et

an

wi t

din

on

u n

s t al

w een t w o

ity

u n

s,

pl

d M

S t ev en

ity

r oot

an

t er s

an

an

at

er e

en

effect

at

an e

Ru

ad

ssi an

p b bl
ro

al so

o u n ce

d it is

P l in y

man y
at

r el at es

an

Mr

h i mp

is th

u ci n

ro

en s i s

im

at e

sa

hi d p d
h lf

p d

ou

so

bu t t

P et i ver

c ar r ot s .

i t wit

e st e

db

o i son o u s

or st ew e

at

st at e

in

o u n c es ,

r oo t

ts

(Fl or

t is

bl

b il d
o

ur

a s ag r e e a

th

as

er fe ct l y

me

men t s ;

d iff er en t

an

R ay

e at e

R u ssi an

mat e

d th m

xi i i

r een

er s ,

h
th

T i mo t y L an

ot

hv m y
t h t it i p

we

(N

b e wh

at

do

FL OR A

228

mo ments

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

co u ntenance was blo ated the p u lse only thirty

T h e insen sibility be c ame r apidly
an d the extre mities cold
deeper and deeper till he died three ho u rs after taking t h e
so u p I I i s c o mpanions recovered (C or vi sa r t J ou r n d e M ed
vol xxix p
M r \V Watson gi v es an acco u nt o f t w o D u tch soldiers who
were qu ar t ered at W altham A bbey l n E ssex
They c ollected
o n S u nday M a
6
1
4
7
4
in
the
elds
dj
oining
a
q
ntity
a
u
a
of
y
herbs s u f c ient fo r t he mselves and two others fo r dinner when
boi l ed wi th b acon these herbs were therefore dressed and the
poor men rst ate o f the broth with bre a d and afterwards t h e
herbs with b acon In a short time after they were al l sei z ed
with v iolent vertigo ; they soon aft erwards were co matose an d
two o f them grew conv u lsed an d died in abo u t three ho u rs A
physi c i an ordered t h e other two at th at time almost de ad l arge
q u antities o f O il by which me ans they threw u p most o f wh at
they had e aten and afterwards grew be t ter In al l o f the m the
e ff ects were the s ame as those fro m a large dose O f op i u m
A nother soldier ate O f the broth made fro m the H e mlock w ith

bre ad an d felt sc arce an y incon v enience there fro m (P h i l

T r a n s v ol xliii N O 4 7 3 pp 1 8
H is

M E D ICA L
P ress

U S E S (H O M t E O P A T H I C )
H
.

hn

man n

s obs er va t i on s :

j u ice o f the whole plant j u st be fore it owers

mi x it with equ al p arts o f alcohol
C oni u m macu l atu m is o n e o f those medicines in which it is
least easy to disting u ish bet w een pri mary and consec u tive
e ffects A mong its sy mp t o ms are many O ppo s ed to each other
in c ertain respects whi c h mu st be c onsidered as altern ate
e ffects o r perhaps te mporary consec u tive ones s u spended fo r a
while by so me new aggrav ation o f the re medy
A s to the fatal consequ ences t h at follow the contin u ed u s e
large do s es with which we have been made
o f C oni u m in
acqu ainted by the u n fort u n ate tre atment o f S t Or ck L ange
A ndr ee E hrh ardt G reding etc etc t he y are tr u e consec u tive
e ffects pro d u ced by e fforts o f natu re fear fu lly at t acked by s u ch
ou

t th

C O N I U M M A C ULA T U M

229

large and oft repeated doses A relaxation of all the bres may
be observed acco mpanied by a st h en i c inammati on and pain fu l
sensitiven ess It see ms that the contrary takes place d u ring the
primitive effect o f C oni u m which appears t o be a stiffenin g
setting and c onstri c tion o f the bres with S welli ng o f t h e
glands an d du l l ness of the senses as sh own by so me cases o f
glandu l ar en large ment in the neck and li ps occasi on ed by con
t u si on s and by cataract cau sed by a blow which were tre ated
T hese primary effects j oined to
an d c u red h o moeopathically
so me others intimate a powerfu l remedy for that distressing
kind O f hypochondriasis so metimes seen i n men o f a retired and
strict life u n l ess it depends u pon some primitive miasmatic
affection
E xperience teaches u s what we o u ght really to think of the
action o f Coniu m in the case (presbytie ) o f pers ons advanced in
life and it may possibly be proved that it has the property o f
destroyin g this aff ection (H ah n eman n M a t M ed P u r )

N
A
S
N oa ck an d T r i n ks (1
The chie f
C L I N IC A L O B S E R V TI O
tendency o f C oniu m is the liqu e faction and dissolving o f ani mal
matter as well normal as abnormal It is more s u itable fo r
the female constitu tion than the male ; to veno u s lymphatic
s cro fu lou s torpid constit u tions ; t o phlegmatic mel ancholi c
te mperaments ; and al so for individu als with rigid light bre s
with an easily excited nervo u s syste m In hypochondri acal and
hysterical wo men esp ecially to pregn ant wo men In scr o fu
l o si s tu bercu losis carcino matou s habits an d par alysis C O
F alling o of the hair H u m
n i u m is especi ally ser v iceable
ming and singing in the ears Weakness o f Old men (L obeth al
considers C oniu m a panace a o f o l d men ) Weak c onditions
accompanied by excessive irritability o f t h e body (H ah n eman n )
O l d con t u sions str ains an d cont u sions o f membr ano u s an d
tendinou s for mations consequ ent on pin c hing press u re shocks
falls and other external inj u ries in consequ ence o f whi c h the
cell u lar tiss u e had be c o me co mpressed and the glands indu rated
a sensation o f nu mbness acco mpanying these sy mpto ms Tr em
-

'

FLO R A

230

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

bli n g o f t h e li mb s Spasms an d at t ack s o f w eak n e ss an d o t h er

mor bi d ph en o men a i n h yst er i c femal e s E pi lepsy S cr ofu lo si s
e s e ci al ly w i t h
s w elli n g an d i n d u r at i o n o f t h e e xt e r n al gl an d s
p
N e r vo u s an d ser o u s ap o pl e xy
H er pet i c er u pt i on s w i t h b u r n
i n g s mar t i n g p ai n s e spe ci ally on t h e fo r e ar ms
H er pe t i c spot s
o n t h e for ear ms ; t h e sk i n
lo o ks b r i gh t r e d G l an du l ar sw ell
i n gs
S c i r r h u s an d c ar ci n o ma
S cr o fu l o u s h er pet i c g an
r e n o u s u l cer s
P ai n fu l n o d o si t i es
M al i gn an t an d pai n fu l
g
u l c er s w h e n t h e se
pai n s or i g i n at e i n t h e ab u se o f mer cu r y an d
b ec ome aggr av at e d at n i gh t
C on g e st i o n of t h e br ai n w i t h
i
d
i
n e ss
n ammat i o n
d
I
o f t h e e y e s o f d i ffer en t ki n d s
e spe
g
c i al l
r y o ad en algi a sc r o fu l os a
o ph t h almi a an d
d
ac
w i t h c on
y
h
s i d e r ab l e
h
ot o h obi a
f
u l ou s
o
t
o
h
o
i
a
u
b
P
c
r
o
r u l en t
S
p
p
p
p
o t or r h oea
P r o sopalgi a
S t at u s g ast r i c u s
C h r o n i c di se ase
an d i n d u r at i o n o f t h e li v er
Impo t en t i a fr o m on an i sm M esen
t e r i o at r oph y o f i n fan t s
S t r an g u r y an d i s ch u r i a
M en o st asi a
S u ppr e sse d c at amen i a
R et ar d e d appear an ce of t h e r st c at a
men i a D ysmen or r h oea C at am
en i a r e t u r n i n g ev er y fo u r t e en
d ay s
Ut er i n e spasms F l u or alb u s G al act or r h ce a M ast i t i s
.

'

'

'

S ci r r h

of

u s

mammae fr o m

th e

c on

tu

si o n s

Dr y

mo di c

spas

li gh t ly i r r i t able c o u gh w i t h vi o l en t o ppr e ssi on of t h e ch e st an d

e v en i n g fe v e r
H o opi n g
s c r o fu l o u s i n d i vi d u al s
e spe ci al ly i n
c o u gh
H yst er i c ast h ma A st h ma sen i l e Pn eu mon i a n er
v osa w i t h i n cli n at i on t o su ffo c at i on
P h t h i si s t u b er c u l osa
P h t h i si s o r i d a si c c a e t pu r u l e n t a
C h r on i c affect i on s of t h e

he

ar

t,

AN

et c

an

et c

T I DO T E s

d ot e i s W i n

is

an

d o se s,

C offea
.

on

iu

S pi r i t

ou s

g to

A c c or d i n

t i dot e t

N i t r i cu m

T o po i s on

m;
.

d ose s, P li n

th e

N i t r os

st at e s

th

at

th e

an

ti

l (Ur t i ca u r en s)
T o small
S t o r ax C al ami t a

N i c an d er , t h

a so

et t e

C on i u m

an

t i d o t es

A ci d u m

XXVII

US S A T I VUS

C R OC

C o mma/z S af

MS C

S YN O N Y

FO

A cafr ao

S ch af r an

ME

Ar

at

S afr an
D an

Z af r an

a b. :

Per on

p 1 67
.

i p 46
.

S a r aan

S w ed

T am : Kh

IR I D I E T R I A N D R IA
.

65

S a r an

o on

g o ommapor

ON O

r o cu s

mm p

Sp a m: A z afr an

v ol

Z a er an

Du t

F L,

'

A h eer

ali s,

1 1 76
, p
s sat i vu s, B omb

C r o cu

R ai i H i st

p 1 51 ;
.

I t al

Safr an

O r d er ,

t u mn

r o cu s au

md

G er m

ct/r a d ,

C r ow s

r orz

ma/A ,

B ot A m, p 37

RE GN

ar

t u mn al i s, Pa r k P

v er u s sat i vu s au

M i ll

G er

r ocu s,

R u ss

0r

. .

G YN I A

y x r adi cal , of t wo u n e u al , mem r an ou s, t u u l ar sh eat h s,

C or o l l a (per i an t h i u m) su per i or , t u e cy li n dr i c al , u p
ow er e d
si n g l e
r i g h t , t h r ee or fou r t i mes t h e l en g t h o f t h e li m , wh i ch i s r eg u l ar , i n

GE N

H AR

al

six ell i pt i c, o

bl

men t s t h r ee i n
,

on

g,
th e

ar r ow-sh ape d , u

u al seg

mou t h

pr i g h t

men t s

th

si x ;

G er

tu

mer i

thr

e sh or

th

at

ee o f

m par t l y

th

i n t er n al

t er t h

th

an

i n fer i or ,

e r o ot

l im

r ou n

F i la

A n tl

di sh

er s

S ty l e

l on g , r i sin g as h i g h as t h e st amen s
S t i g mas t h r ee,
dil at ed u pw ar d s, v ar i ou sl y fol d ed , ag g ed , or man y cl eft
C apsu l e mem
S eed s sev er al , g l o u l ar
b r an ou s, of t h r ee cell s an d t h r ee v al v es
Th e
i n f er i or c or oll a, wi t h a v er y l on g , sl en d er t u e, an d six par t ed , e u al ,
th

r ead - sh ape d, v er y

in

at e d , u

pr i g

h t l i mb,

an

d th

th

man y

r e e-pl ai t e d ,

lo

ed

st i g

ma

wi l l

di st in g u i sh t h i s fr om ot h er g en er a i n t h e same cl ass an d or d er
S t i g ma pr ot r u di n g , dr oopin g , i n t h r ee d eep, li n ear di vi si on
S C C A

PE

H R

H I S TO R Y T h e
.

B o ok xi v

e ar

li est

P ope s T r an

n ot i c e o

is

a so

men t i on e d i n

F ig

1 An
.

C r o cu s

i s in

H omer (I l i a d

An d amin g C r ocu

It

made

th

th

er

mou n t ain

h i st or y

s acr e d

an

2 Th
.

e st

i g ma

g l ow

(S olomon

S on

FLO R A

232
ch a

iv

c all e d
as

v er se

ar c o

G r e ek

ph

et c

d th

an

cu

t i en t ,

ph

y si ci an s

an

di se ases, i n

f u me

p er

of

th

A r ab i an

me d
th

Of

D i osc or i d e s

I t w as h

w as

e st ee

K poxos

Th e oph r ast u s,

It

mu ch

w as

It is t h

S affr on

H i ppo cr at e s

Z affar an

an

as

ar

H ebr ew s by wh m i t

an

ysi ci an s

i mat i on i n

e st

Spi k en

m by t h e

me di ci n e

H OM G OP AT H IC A

ld

gr e at

in

g at i ve emoll i en t an d di s
h
e A r ab i an
T
ss e s si n g a h r o di si ac al
r
o er t i es
o
p
p
p p
e ar

ly

d ay s

as

pu r

S er api on

Rh

of

c ase s

ase s ,

d A vi c en

an

l ab ou r

d i i cu l t

n a, u se d

an

as

it in

t er i n

d e o b st r u

en

b st r u c t i on s of t h e li v er
L at er i t h as b e en at t i me s
as
e mpl o y e d by d i ffer e n t
r
f
d
i
s e ases
y
v
y
h
s
i
i
n
s
f
o
a
ar
i
e
t
o
c
a
p
h y st er i a h yp o ch on d r i asi s me l an ch o li a ar t h r i t i c an d r h eu mat i c
affe c t i o n s
d ysmen o r r h oea ch l or o si s ast h ma spasms e t c e t c
an d t o
o t e u t e r i n e c on t r a c t i o n s i n
lab ou r w i t h o u t an y
pr o m
d e c i d e d o r su c c essfu l r e su lt s
I t i s a po pu l ar r e me d y for
r e s en t i t
as si st i n g t h e e r u
A
t
x
at o u s d i se ase s
t
i
on
o
f
e
an
t
h
e
m
p
p
i s c h i e y emplo y e d as a c o l ou r i n g ag en t an d i s u se d c on si d e r ably
on
t h e C o n t i n en t
i n t h e c u li n ar y ar t t o av ou r an d c o l o u r
in

d i sh

es .

DE S C R I P T I O N
L

r at i n
a
p

se

li n

ea ves

e r oot

Th

r e t i cu l at e d ,

c oat s

br e s

e ar

mu s) i s

cor

su
r

er

i or ly i n t o

gr e en

i ch

b r ow n i sh
d i st i n c t par al l el

d i sh ; i t s

r ou n

c o ou r

wit h

wh i t e

lon g mem
b r an o u s sh eat h s
T h e ow er s appe ar aft er t h e l e av e s o f a li gh t
T h e d a l l i er s ar e p al e y ello w ;
pu r pl e sh o r t er t h an t h e l e av es
o w er s i n
I
t

S
ep
an d t h e s t i ma s o f a d e e p o r an g e c o l ou r
g
t e mb er an d O c t o b er ( W oo d vi l l e an d P er ei r a )
G E O G R A P H I C A L D I S T R I B U T I O N A n at i v e o f A si a M i n o r ;
ac c o r d i n g t o P er ei r a n at u r al i z e d i n E n gl an d F r an c e an d s o me
o t h er E u r o e an c o u n t r i e s
I t i s a d o u b t fu l n at i v e o f t h e e ast e r n
p
a
r t s of E u r o e
W o o d vi ll e says t h at i t i s i n d u bi t ably a n at i v e
p
p
o f E n gl an d ; alt h o u g h
u n kn o w n
t o R ay
M i ll e r an d s e v er al
o t h er
su b s e q u e n t
b o t an i st s A l l t h e d i ffer en t pl an t s o f t h i s
g en u s ar e c on si d er e d by L i n n aeu s as on ly v ar i et i es of t h e
c en

tra

st r

i pe ,

an

su r r o u n

d ed

at

t h ei r

b ase

with

C r o cu s sat i vu s

C R O O Us S A

P A R TS U S E D
Th
th

d r i e d S t i g mat a

S affr o n

t w en t

by
or

IN

tr it u

a s al

ts

a
r
p

r at o n

d er s t h

233

M O DE

AN D

or

PR E P A R A TI O N

b st an c e s ei t h e r by t r e at i n g
al c o h o l o r mak i n g t h e t h r e e r s t

it

S t apf

mer

l dr y

su

F o r h o moeo pat h i c pu r po ses w e pr epar e

(A d di t i on s

to M

at

by

po t en ci e s t o b e pr e par e d

M ed
t r it u

r at n

at

on ce

in

at t e n u at i o n s

th

t r an

e cr u

de

y an d aft er w ar d s c ar r yi n g t h e
o
n
c
i
es
u
t
e
Th e
p
p t o t h e t h i r t i e t h by me an s o f su c c u ssi o n
ow er s ar e t o b e g at h er e d i n t h e mor n i n g an d t h e st i g mat a an d
par t o f t h e s t yl e t ak en fo r u se an d d r i e d o n p aper e i t h er by
ki ln s o r by t h e su n Th er e ar e t w o ki n d s fo u n d i n c o mmer c e
H ay S aff r o n an d C ak e S affr on
T h e fo r mer i s t o b e t ak en for o u r
u se
A c c o r d i n g t o P e r ei r a (op
H ay S affr on c on si s t s o n ly
o f t h e s t i g mat a an d
ar t o f t h e s t yl e ; t h e y ar e fr o m an i n c h t o an
p
i n ch an d a h alf l on g b r o w n i sh r e d t h e u pper por t i on e x pan d e d
an d n o t ch e d at t h e e xt r e mi t y (t h e st i g ma 3 t h e l o w e r
(st yl e )
)
n ar r o w
c apil l ar y
an d r o u n d i sh
T h e o d o u r i s pe n e t r at i n g
ar o mat i c an d o f l ar g e qu an t i t i es
n ar c o t i c
T h e t ast e i s bi t t e r
an d ar o mat i c
an d w h en
c h e w e d t i n g e s t h e mo u t h
an d s ali v a
y e llo w O n e gr ai n of g o o d c o mmer ci al S affr o n c on t ai n s t h e
o w er s ar e
s t i g mat a an d s t yl e o f n i n e o w er s ; h e n c e
r e q u i r e d t o y i e l d o n e o u n c e o f S affr o n
T h e C ak e S affr o n i s t o
b e avo i d e d as b e i n g ad u lt e r at e d w i t h saf o w er mi x e d w i t h
u m an d t h e n r o ll e d i n t o c ak e s
g
T h e b est S affr on (ac c o r d i n g t o P e r ei r a) i s t h e S pan i sh (C r ocu s
H i sp an i cu s) i mpo r t e d fr o m G i b r alt ar C adi z an d M al ag a T h e
n e x t i s t h e F r e n ch (C r oc u s G a l l i ca s ) t h e pr o d u c e o f C G at en ai s
T h e c h i ef ad u lt e r at i on i s w i t h s ai o w e r (C ar
an d C O r l e an ai s
t ka mas t i n ct or i u s ) w h i ch may b e d et e c t e d by t h e sl i g h t er st ai n
on
t h e ski n w h en r u bb e d ; an d al s o by pl ac i n g t h e s u b st an c e
i n h o t w at er w h en t h e or et s o f t h e sal o w er w i ll b e r e ad i ly
S affr o n also w as
d i st i n g u i sh e d fr o m t h e s t i g ma t a o f t h e C r ocu s
for mer ly ad u lt er at e d w i t h t h e o w er s O f t h e mar i g o ld (C a l en d u l a
a n a t u m) an d w i t h b r e s
i
ea
r
o i c i n a l i s ) t h e p o me g r an at e (P i m
g

of smok e d b ee f
b u t al l t h ese ar e r e ad i ly d et e ct e d by i n fu si n g
su

b st an c e

ED I C I N E

T IV U S

p to th

th

i r d p ot en

2 34
th

FL O R A

su s

pe c t e d

in

h o t w at er

S affr o n

its

ow e s

co ou r

b st an c e c all e d by V o g el an d B o u i l l on L ag r an c e
P o ly ch r o i t e e v er y h u n d r e d par t s o f S affr o n c o n t ai n i n g si xt y v e
S affr on fo r me r ly w as g r o w n i n g r e at
p ar t s o f t h i s s u b st an c e
qu an t i t i e s n e ar S affr on W al d en i n E ss ex
P H YS I OLOG IC A L E FF E C T S J L u si t an u s (ap u d F r i c d e Ven er a
p 394) say s t h at bli st e r s h e a d ac h e bli n d n e s s d e li r i u m an d
lo ss o f c o n sci o u sn e ss c ame o n aft er a lar g e d o s e o f S affr o n
an d
e v en
t h at d e at h h as b e e n
pr o d u c e d ; an d t h at d e at h
en s u e d fr o m a man
i n h ali n g a l ar g e qu an t i t y o f t h e v apo u r o f
t

o a

pe cu

li ar

b st an c e

su

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

su

S affr o n

B o r ell u
d e b i li t y
wh

er e

w er

t h er

th

s t at e s

at

it in

li n e s

men i a

d o se

ge

s affr o n

mai n i n g

l xy

e
o
p p

ed

so

th

at

e a d a ch e an

t i me i n

me

Tr alles (D e Op i s ,

sect

r oo

i p 1 1 4)
.

3
6
F
r ef
1
,
p

or s t i a s ,

to

d d eat h

aft er

th

(G al l i n g er M ag

F o r s t er

r e

ys

sa

gi ve n

C en t

f S affr o n

r od u ce

by

to

M ed

gr e at

h e mo r r h

mu ch

c at a

C os er o

et

pr o d u c e

w as

at

R i v er i u
th

(H i s t

w o man
th

ir d

J ah r g

1 6 7 4)

in

to

st

th

t er i n

cr e as e

by

d ay

2)

ys

sa

r e cor

ds

by t h e v apo u r o f S affr on A lex an d er

(E xp E s s p 88 1 7 6 3) t o o k fou r scr u pl es o f S affr o n w i t h o u t
an
d
l
o o k a d r ach m w i t h ou t
e
e
t
e
r
i
o
s
ff
n
d
i
b
m
er
t
u
e
e
c
t
a
W
;
y
r c e i vi n g an
e
p
y s en si ble c h an g e
C r o cu s w as n o t pr o ve d by
M ED I C A L US E S
H ah n e man n b u t w e n d i t me n t i on e d i n h i s L e sser W r i t i n gs
t r an sl at e d by D r D u d g eon p 3 47
I t appe ar s as i f S affr o n
cr o c u s (C r ocu s sa t i vu s
) i n i t s di r e c t ac t i o n b r o u gh t d ow n t h e
c i r c u l at i o n
an d vi t al h eat
S l o w pu l se p al e fa c e v er t i g o an d
e xh au st i o n
I n t h i s s t ag e mo st pr o b ably
h av e b e en o b s er v e d
o c cu r
t h e me l an ch o ly an d h e a d ach e t h at h av e b e en o b ser v e d
fr o m i t s ac t i o n ; an d i n t h e se c o n d st ag e (t h e i n d i r ec t se c o n d ar y
ac t i o n ) o c c u r t h e sen s e l es s e x t r av ag an t g ai e t y t h e st u
e fac t i on
p
a c as e o f

d eat h pr o d u

ced

of

th e

l ast ly

s en s e s ,

th

F or t h i s

th

in

h e mor r h

r e aso n

it

c r e ase d ac t i on

ge

w h i ch

may b e

u s efu

f th

e ar t er i e s an

v e b e en

in

r es t o r i n

d h

e ar

t,

an

bs e r v e d fr o m i t s

u se

g o ws

th

of

blo o d

at

C R O C US

SA

TI VUS

2 35

g r eme d y ; as i t s po w er
of
i n c r e asi n g t h e c i r cu l at i o n o ccu r s r st i n t h e s e c on d ar y
ac t i on
c o n s e q u e n t ly t h e o
o si t e mu st t ak e
l
ac e i n
i
s di r ect
t
pp
p
ac t i on
I t h as b e en fo u n d u se fu l as a si mi l ar ly a ct i n g r e me d y
i n v e r t i g o an d h e ad ach e w i t h sl ow pu lse
I n so me c ase s o f
mel an ch o li a w i t h sl o w pu l se an d i n amen or r h ce a i t app ear s
al s o t o b e o f se r v i ce as a si mi l ar ly ac t i n g r e me d y
I t h as (i n
i t s d i r e c t ac t i on ) pr o d u c e d d e at h by apopl e xy an d i s s ai d t o
h av e pr o v e d e ffi c ac i o u s i n si mi l ar affec t i o n s (pr ob ably i n r el ax e d
or g an i sms
h
e ph en o men a o f i t s se c o n d ar y ac t i on
T
)
poi n t t o
mu c h i n cr ease d i r r i t abi li t y o f t h e br e h en c e pr o b ably t h e

c au s e o f i t s so r e ad i ly
pr o d u c i n g h y st e r i a
T h e fo llo w i n g ar e D r E S t apf s o b ser v at i on t ak en fr o m t h e
A mer i c an t r an sl at i on o f t h e A dd i t i on s t o H al m
eman n s M a t er i a
M ed i c a P a r a
Th i s d r u g w as a fav ou r i t e ar t i c l e o f t h e ph y
si c i an s o f t h e si xt een t h
an d s e v e n t e en t h c e n t u r i es
L at t e r ly i t
h as b e en e mpl o y e d mu ch l e ss fr e qu e n t ly an d t h e few pr o mi n e n t
e ffe c t s w h i ch
w e kn ow i t i s c apabl e o f pr o d u ci n g h av e b e en
mer g e d i n v agu e g en er al t er ms su ch as st u p efac t i o n h eat i n g
i
s e vi d en t
i
n san i t y e x ci t i n g t h e bl o o d e t c
I
t
s o o r i n t o x i c at i o n
p
t h at t h i s i mper fe c t kn o w l e d g e i s o f v er y l i t t l e av ai l i n t h e t r e at
me n t o f di sease an d t h at t h e vi r t u e s o f C r o c u s w h i ch c er t ai n ly
an
i n t er e st i n g d r u g o u gh t t o b e i n v e st i g at e d i n a mor e
a d e qu at e man n er
F r o m t h e ab s en c e o f al l s o u n d an d c o mpr e
h e n si v e kn o w l e d g e w h i ch pr e v ai l s amon g st ph y si ci an s i n r e g ar d
t o t h e r eme d i al vi r t u e s o f C r o c u s i n spi t e o f t h e fr e qu en t an d
c on st an t u s e w h i c h h as b e en
mad e o f i t by ph y si c i an s i n t h e
t r e at me n t o f d i se ase i t i s e vi d en t t h at t h e me r e empi r i c al u s e
o f C r oc u s h as n o t su ffi c e d t o pr o cu r e an ad e qu at e k n o w l e d g e o f
i t s r eme di al po w e r s an d t h at t h i s kn o w l e d g e c an on ly b e
h ealt h y per son s
o b t ai n e d by c ar efu l ly pr o vi n g t h e d r u g u po n
F u r t h e r o b ser vat i o n s an d e xp er i men t s w i ll n o d ou b t mak e t h e
li st of sympt o ms mo r e c omplet e an d u sefu l ; b u t t h e pr e sen t
sympt o ms ar e su f c i e n t t o po i n t t o man y aff ec t i o n s e sp e c i ally
su c c e ss
o f t h e femal e se x i n w h i c h C r o cu s may b e u s e d w i t h
U 2
h

v e b een

ch e c

ke d

as a si

mi l ar ly

ac t i n

2 36

FLO R A

F or me r ly t h
wi t h
an

s u c c e ss,

t h i r d po t e n

bu t

v er y vi ol e

d in

so

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

me t i mes

t d i se as e s,

f C

r o cu s

o c c asi on

a so

me w h

h ad
in

b een
in

it is t ru

u se d ,

e,

i r r i t abl e pe r so n

g e r o u s agg r av at i o n
t h e t h i r t i e t h po t e n c y

d an

at

ympt o ms T o o b v i at e t h i s d an g e r
i s n o w g e n e r ally e mpl o y e d alt h o u gh t h e l o w er p r e par at i o n s may
s o me t i mes b e u s efu l i n t o r i d i n d i vi d u al s
h
i
n t e lli g e n t an d
T
e
p
O b s er v i n g
ph y si cI an w i l l easi ly b e abl e t o d i s c r i mi n at e
C LI N IC A L O B S E R V A T I O N S N oack an d T r i n ks (o p
S af
fr on i s e sp e ci ally appli c abl e i n pr e d i spo si t i o n t o c o n g e st i on o f
blo o d an d i n i n ammat i o n w h i ch ar i se ch i e y i n per so n s o f
t h e s an g u i n e o u s t e mpe r ame n t ; i n ser e n e me r r y an d g a d i spo
y
si t i o n s
I t su i t s e spe c i ally i n h y s t er i c al c lo n i c c r amps or a
d i spo si t i o n t o ab or t i o n i n t h e c li ma c t e r i c y e ar s b u t e spe ci all y
fo r t yph u s i n t h e i n fan t i l e o r g an i sm
Th o s e c on d i t i o n s w h i ch
ar e di s t i n g u i sh e d by a r e mar k abl e al t e r n at i o n fr o m o n e s t at e t o
an o t h e r
H e mor r h ag e
g i v e a S pe c i c i n d i c at i o n fo r C r o c u s
c h ar ac t e r i s e d by d ar k bl ack v i sc i d bl o o d
C h or e a o f an i n t er
mi t t en t ch ar ac t e r c o mpli c at e d w i t h h o o pi n g c o u g h S pasmo di c
y aw n i n g M el an ch o li a I mb e c i l i t as E xt asi s mel an ch ol i a
Vi o l en t h e at i n g an d smar t i n g pai n i n t h e e y e s aft er su r gi c al
o er at i o n s
(A con i t e s eems t o b e t h e ch i ef r e me d y h er e b u t
p
i n so me pe r s o n s o f a mi l d t e mper amen t A con i t e d o e s n o t s u i t
an d t h e v i o l e n t sh o o t i n g
ai n i n t h e t e m l e an d e y e s i s r e l i e v e d
p
p
by I g n a t i a); t h e d ar t i n g pai n s w i t h v o mi t i n g an d li en t e r i a by
A sa r u m t h e b u r n i n g pai n s by A r s en i c u m t h e l an c i n at i n g p ai n s
c omme n ci n g i n t h e t e mpl e an d a c c o mp an i e d by l o ss o f a ppe t i t e
by T i anj a occi d en t a l i s t h e br oken u p len s aft e r d epr e s si on i s
ab so r b e d by S en e al
t h e d i st u r b an c e o f t h e e ye si gh t aft er a
g
s u r g i c al
O p er at i o n
ar t i c u l ar ly w h e n
o bj e c t s appear
t o be
p
c o ve r e d w i t h
blo o d i s r eli e ve d by S t r on t i an a ( Wil r z l er )
E pi s t axi s e spec i ally w h en t h e blo o d i s t h i c k an d d ar k (al so
w h e n r e d ) an d t h e n o s e bl e e d s e asi ly e i t h er b y e x er ci s e or
blo w i n g B le e d i n g o f t h e n o se w h i ch r et u r n s e v er y d ay i n h o t
w e at h er
F r e qu en t bl e e d i n g o f t h e n o se e v er y d ay pr ec e d e d
by pr essu r e i n t h e fo r eh ead B le e d i n g at t h e n o se an d cr i t i c al
o

f th

e s

US

C ROC

p er i o d s i n

yo u t h

ach e , e t c

M et r o r r h

SA

en st r u a

gi a

ft e r

T IV U S

2 37

d i st u r b an

vi l e
o

ce

fu l n

wi t h

xer t i on s

or

e ss,

i mu

l at i n g

st

e ad

k s t ak en at t h e per i o d o f t h e men ses or fr o m fr i gh t

A c c o r d i n g t o H i r z el C r ocu s i s mor e su i t abl e for me t r o r r h agi a
w i t h e r e t h i sm o f t h e C i r c u l at i on
an d S ec a l e fo r h e mor r h ag e s
fr o m at on y
A c c o r d i n g t o L o b et h al C r ocu s c or r esp o n d s t o
ac t i v e h e mor r h ag e ; S a bi n a t o h e mor r h ag e w i t h
e r e t h i sm an d
S eca l e t o t o r pi d h e mo r r h ag e
A cc o r d i n g t o H ar t man n t h e
c h ar ac t e r i st i c i n di c at i o n
fo r C r ocu s i s a d ar k blacki sh c lo t t y
vi sci d blo o d alw ays ac c o mpan i e d w i t h lan ci n at i n g pai n s i n t h e
ab d o men
A c c or d i n g t o
an d t o w ar d s t h e small o f t h e b ac k
o t h e r s C r ocu s i s i n di c at e d e v en w h en t h e l ab ou r li k e p ai n s ar e
w an t i n g an d t h e d i sch ar g e o f bl o o d i s e i t h er fe t i d or n o t
D i ffer en t affe ct i o n s acc ompan yi n g h emor r h ag e fr om t h e u t er u s
as fr e qu e n t
an xi e t y an d
yi n g h eat o v er t h e w h ol e b o d y
L o ch i a t o o
w i t h i r r i t at i o n o f t h e ski n syn c o p e ch i lli n e ss e t c
u l a c au si n g
u
e x c essi v e
e
I
n
h
o
l
g
v
s
m
f
o
f
t
e
c
ase
s
o
i
on
n
e
o
a
t
(
a t i ckli n g c ou gh
)

dr i n

AN

T I DO T E s

s opor

c au s e d

Opi

i n S ch ol
c as es of

or

r
e
p

lib

A
by

h aps
iii

p o i son i n

con

it u m

r ocu s

Opi
may

r o
p

Th

b ably

by B ellad o n n a (S t apf)

fo l

1 2 2) s t at e s t h at

be

s.

e a c t i on

f
p

c ou n

F o r e st u

Cr o cu s

by A con i t u m n apellu

st u

is

an

t e r ac t e d
en
D
e
V
(

an

an

by
en

t i d ot e i n

XXV III

LA M E N

C YC

E UR O P r E UM

S ow br ea d

M C y

S YN O N

W tb

men

v ol

men

cl a

p 2 99
.

pol i t an

n ea

B ot

R ey

C y cl amen b ed er e fol i o , B au b

C y cl amen

C y cl amen

B l a ck w
L

FO R E I G N
Sp a m: M

by

o ot

at

o be l

I c on

az an a

A an

in

i n t o ve

eg

a ly

t ;

tu

e e

w h i ch

A n tl

er s st r ai g

r ou n

di sh

th

er s

o pen in

1 8 38 , t

54 8

at

J oh n

I Am
/n

Arr

49

ou

v ol

th

T en

at i n

I JE

or

i n fer i or ,

bi

cu l ar e,

men t s

t e,

co v er in

D od o n

It al

se r apu

R apu

O y ol a

v ol

xi v

A r t an i t a

mp t

Du t

L in

UT A C E ZE ,

33 5

sh aped , o f o n e

per man

en

a c en

S h aped ,

t r al ,

n u

di sh

eg

r ou n

mer ou s
g

u e, e

th

e sh

u al

seg

tu

of

th

O n e cell

of

mew h

at

men

G er

l i ps

e
,

so

t in t h

e c or oll a

an

pr omi

n ak e d ,

sh or

y
of t h

S eed s

MU

RI

d i v i d e d h al f w ay
o f o n e pet al , w h eel

v er

ve t eet h

b q

F i l am en t s
pw ar d s
v er g i n g i n t h e mou t h

o.

mal u m

en se

pet al ,

C or o l l a

por ci n

W er ck en s

e ll

E N TA N D R I A M O N OGY N I A

con

P an

m por c i n u r n

or r ec ept acl e
-

l on g er t h an t h e c al y x mou t h
t h an t h e t u e, i n v e d eep, o l i

t op, w i t h

d pl ac en t a
el l
su per i or ,

M ay

p 2 07 ;

sh ape d,

a cu

i i p 303

G ar d

b a, S c h wei n sb r od

h t,

u l ar

d e pou r ceau

ar e

Sp P l

G er ar d e, p 8 43, f 2

s.

C y cl amen

l on g er
r e exe d

u s et e

G r ay

'

S t y l e cy l i n d r i c al , st r ai g h t , r at h er l on g er t h
C apsu l e g l o os e, r at h er
S t i g mas si mpl e

at

B ot

sh ap e d , an

Th

gl

C y cl ame, Pai n
G er m
E r d sch

sh ape d s eg

u c

men t s

an

u / os

b gg
l i mb m h

sh ape d ;
n en

308

1 47

L i n dl

mm p

O r d er , L YS I M A C H

d e pu er c o
c

U S

ver n u

L A C E ZE

GE

ME F

G r eek

H is t

m,

u r opaeu

C y cl amen

m,

eg

sh ape d , st al k e d , u n con

v e cl eft

ca l

th

x,

mo n

op et al ou s

eel -sh ape d

wh

mou t h an d v e r e exe d seg men t s an d

man y see d ed c apsu l e w i ll di st i n g u i sh
t h e s omew h at esh y
o n e cell e d
t h i s fr o m o t h er g en er a i n t h e same cl ass an d or d er (B axt er )
cor o l l a ,

pr omi n

a n ak e d

wi t h

en

F ig
3

St amen
it

C al y x

s at

t ach ed t

F r om cy cl o s

S eg men t
o

th

o f cor ol l a, sh o w i n

ase o f

a c i r cl e ,

th

tu

fr om t h

e Of

e r oo t

th

g th

S i t u at i on

e c or o l l a

bi

e n

r ou n

of
r

th

i pe

men

st a

capsu l e .

s.

S O W BI

E ur

aeu

ee e
v

'

Sr N

h O ls

]:

CY CL A M E N
S

PE

H L
AR

f o ot st al k

Th

C y cl amen
ame, S o w
-

r e ad

H I S TO R Y
A lt h
llo pat h i c
by t h e G r e ek

h
p

ci t
e

ar n el y t oo t h ed , t h ei r
l
g
cor ol l a t oo t h e d

ped , an

h
g

ar

th

at

th

g g

w il d

S i c il y

in

o ar s

t t i me

s an

th

en ce

ly d i sc ar de d fr o m
w as u se d ex t e n si v e ly

en

t ir e

y si c i an s D i o s c or i d es (op
as a ph l e mag o g u e h y d r ag o g u e
g

d A r ab i an ph

an

l xi ph ar mi c ;

a e

an

b
s
i
c
i
u
D
i
e
S
m
l
,
(
p

G al en

ri

at i n

u e , an

e ad

mac o poei as C y cl amen

r e sen
p

i i 1 9 34) r e c o mmen d e d i t

mmen

of

t -sh

239

ou

th e

e ar

g h i sh , mou t h o f t h e
i s t h e c h i ef fo od of t h

r ou

e
n

eav es

E UR O P JE U M

as

vi i

an

er r

r ec o

h in

i n d i s e ase s

mmen d s i t

as an

xt er n al appli cat i on i n h ar d n e s s o f t h e sple en ; i n au n d i c e n o t

o n ly by
pu r g i n g b u t by e vac u at i n g t h e w h o l e b o d y by sw e at s
an d al so i n amen o r r h oea b o t h t ak e n i n t er n ally an d a
ppli e d as a
su p o s i t or y
A vi c e n n a (i i 2 7 1 ) c opi e s fr o m G al en an d r e c om
p
men d s i t as a c u r e fo r j au n d i c e by sw e at i n g ; t h e b o d y t o b e c o v er e d
b v man y c l o t h e s so t h at t h e bi l e may b e sw e at e d o u t o f t h e b o d y
M e sn e (D e S i mp l i c i bu s xx vi ) st at e s t h at i t i s a g e n er al pu r g e r
o f b i l e w h en t ak en by t h e mo u t h ; as an e mmen ag o u e an d i n
g
i n d u r at i on O f t h e spl e e n
S er api o n (D e T emp S i mp c ap
2 49) g i ve s l on g e x t r ac t s fr o m D i o sc o r i d e s G al en
A r masi u s
P au l u s A b en M e su ai e t c u po n t h e v i r t u e s o f t h i s pl an t
G e r ar d e (H i s t of P l an t s b o o k
h
6
9
y
t
e
5
s
a
s
t
h
a
t
p
)
r o o t e h an g e d
ab o u t
w o me n
i n t h e i r e xt r e me t r av el l w i t h
ch i ld e
c au s e t h
t h e m t o b e d eli ve r e d i n c o n t i n en t
an d t ak e t h

aw ay mu ch o f t h ei r p ai n e
i t s c o u r e t h t h e ski n an d
A l so
t ak e t h aw ay su n n e b u r n i n g
blemi sh e s of t h e face
an d all
pi lli n g o f t h e h ai r e an d mar k e s als o t h at r e mai n e aft er t h e
s mall
p o c k e s an d me se ls ; an d g i ven I n w i n e t o d r i n k e i t

mak e t h a man d r u n k e
A n d w r i t i n g o f t h e d an g er s :
It is
n o t g o o d fo r w o me n w i t h ch i l d e t o t o u ch o r t ak e t h i s h e r b e o r
t o c o me n e er e u n t o i t or st r i d e o v er t h e s ame w h e r e i t gr o w e t h
e

fo r t h
with

ou

ll

e n at u r al

c on

tr

at t r a c t i

ver

b e d e l i v er e d

s e

th

ve ve
e

b efor e

tu

th

at

th

ei r

er ei n

th

at

t e mpt

t i me , w h

c on

i t in

t ai n

ed

man

i c h d an

is

er

g er

su c

th

at

b o ve sai d

a
an

d in

co n

FLO R A

2 40
v en

i en

i n my g
i

st ck e s

av o i d e ,

to

ce

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

v (b
a

ou

t th

ks

in

th

fas t en

ed

st i c

av e

fas t en

ed

a so

ar

d en

e
e

ac e w h e r e
l
p
gr o u n d an d
,

c r o s s e w ai e s

v er

th

gr ow et h

it
so

me

ot h er

m l e ast

an

l d by l amen t abl e expe r i men t n d e my w or d s t o b e

t r u e by t h ei r s t e ppi n g o v e r t h e s ame
S o me au t h o r s st at e t h at t h e j u i c e r u bb e d o v er t h e u mb i li cu s
w i ll pr o d u c e an e v ac u at i on ; an d i t h as b e en u se d i n t h e s ame
V i c at (M a t M ed L e i p 1 7 8 2)
man n er t o pr o d u c e ab or t i o n
g ave i t i n t o o t h ac h e B o u r g er i s i n amen or r h cn a an d t o pr o
mo t e t h e e xpu l si on o f t h e pl ac e n t a
D E S C R I P T I O N C yc lamen i s a pe r en n i al pl an t
T h e r oot i s
l ar g e o r b i c u l ar c o mpr esse d b r o w n s en di n g o u t man y b r an ch e d
br e s L eas es al l r adi c al h ear t sh ape d an gu l ar n ely t o o t h ed ;
w h e n fu ll g r o w n t h r e e i n ch e s an d a h al f l o n g an d t w o i n ch e s
an d s o t t e d ab o v e c o mmo n ly r e d
an d a h alf b r o ad d e e p g r e en
p
di sh pu r ple u n d e r n e at h smo o t h o n v e r y lo n g pe t i o l es
F l ow er s
d r oo pi n g pu r pli sh s w e e t sc e n t e d pe d u n c l e s r e s e mbl i n g t h e
b
e t i o l e s e r ec t w i t h t h e o w e r spi r al w i t h t h e fr u i t
rr y
C
a
s
u
l
a
r
e
p
p
u r pl e o pen i n g r s t at t h e t op an d t h en e n t i r e ly
c o r i ac e o u s
p
S eed s l ar g e r u fou s ki d n e y S h ape d
A ft er t h e o w e r s ar e o v e r
t h e o w er s t alk s c u r l spi r ally i n c l o si n g t h e g er me n i n t h e c e n t r e
w o man

ou

"

an

d l o w er I n g i t t o t h

e e ar

th

r e

os e

on

th e

su r

fac e

of

th

so i l

ll t h e s ee d s ar e r ead y t o e s c ape
G E OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I B U T I O N C y cl amen i s a n at i v e o f
t h e so u t h o f G er man y A u s t r i a I t aly S i c i ly G r ee c e T ar t ar y
o u r g ar d en s an d i s n o w fo u n d
e t c ; c u l t i v at e d e x t e n si v e ly i n
i n a w i l d st at e bu t i s n o t t r u ly i n di g en o u s
L o c A L I T I E s I n sh ad y plac es an d o n mo i st g r o u n d s
G r ows
i n pr o fu si o n r o u n d t h e t empl es o f P aest u m n ear N apl es w h er e
i t w as fo u n d by t h e au t h o r i n fu ll o w er i n A u g u st
The
fr o m w h i ch t h e d r aw i n g w as t ak en w as fo u n d n e ar
s pe c i me n
D r u mc on d r a i n Ir el an d
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D I C I N E A N D M O D E OF PR E P A R A T I O N
F o r h o moeo pat h i c p u r po s e s w e t ak e t h e fr e sh r o o t s g at h er e d i n
t h e au t u mn an d e xpr ess t h e j u i ce mi x i t w i t h e qu al qu an t i t i e s

ti

YC L A M EN

a co

d pr e par e

an

as

E UR O P JE UM

or

d e r e d fo r

24 1

ot

er

me d i c i n al

su

ly (Qu i n P h ar H orn )
P H Y S I OLO G IC A L E FF E C T S I n l ar g e d o ses C ycl amen act s as
an i r r i t an t ; an d i s pl ac e d amo n g t h at c l ass o f po i son s by B o e r
h aav e b e c au s e i t pu r g e s vi o l e n t ly B u l l i ar d (H er b d e l a F r a n c e
s t an c e s ,

to th

at t e n u at i on

fo u r t h

on

v n

P l an t

st at e s

th

at

th

fr e sh

r o ot ,

in

d o se

of

t wo

d r ach ms

lf a glass o f w at er c au s e d vi o len t v omi t i n g

I n t h e se pt e n t r i o n al pr o vi n c e s o f
an d pu r g i n g i n a r o b u s t man
F r an c e w h er e t h i s h er b i s c o mmon i t i s e mpl o y e d fr e qu e n t ly
a s a pu r g e ; b u t o ft e n fol l o w e d by v i o l e n t v o mi t i n g s s o met i me s
ac c o m an i e d w i t h
si n g i n g i n
t h e e ar s
c ol d s w eat s
o f bl o o d
p
s wi mmi n g s o f t h e h e a d an d c o n v u l s i v e mo v e me n t s
in

of

d e c o ct i o n

th

An

ED I C A L
u n

U S E S (H O M CE O P A T H I

fo u n d e d

e ac t i o n

pi ci on

su s

f t h i s pr e ci ou

man n s obser va t i on s
fr o m r e mo t e t i me s t h at

x i st e d

me di c i n

bn

i s pr ej u d i c i al

an

u n c er

t ai n ;

lly i n vi e w t h e pl an t t o
w h i ch w e g i v e i t s n ame all t h at h e s ay s o f i t i s mer e ly f r o m
r e or t
T h e A r ab s u s e d t h e r oo t o f C y c l ame n u n d er t h e
p
d en o mi n at i on o f A r t an i t a as a n i n g r e di e n t i n a pu r g at i v e
u n g u e n t r u bb e d u
on
b
y
al s o c o n t ai n e d se v er al
h
i
c
h
t
h
o
d
w
e
p
o t h er vi o l e n t a er i en t s an d h av i n g as s o c i at e d i t w i t h su ch c o m
p
p an i o n s t h e y g av e i t t h e r e pu t at i o n o f a d r as t i c me di c i n e wh i ch
i t d i d n o t d e s e r ve B u t as ou r h o moeop at h i c st u d y ad mi t s n o t h i n g
o n t h e g r o u n d o f t r ad i t i o n
an d n ei t h er
pr ai s e s n or c on t e mn s
an y t h i n g w i t h o u t
t h i s mu ch
e x ami n at i on
an
u n pr ej u d i c e d
A
n d si n c e w e ar e u n able
ab u se d r o o t h as fall en i n t o m h an d s
y
t o j u d g e o f t h e mer i t s o f a p er so n fr o m e x t e r i or c i r c u mst an c es
o r t h e sl i gh t an d s u

i
l
o f t h e mu l t i t u d e so n e i t h er
er
c
a
o
i
n
i
on
p
p
t h e e xt er n al app e ar an c e s o f a me d i ci n e n or i t s r e pu t e d qu ali t i e s
a o r d an
r o o fs o f i t s t r u e v al u e
I
v
su b mi t t e d i t t o t h e
h
a
e
y p
o n ly safe t e s t
t h at o f t r yi n g i t o n pe r s on s i n h ealt h ; an d i t

a
s t o b e an e x c el l en t r e me d y i n s ev er al d es e r at e c as e s
e
ar
pp
p

N
A
A cu t e
C L I IC L O B S E R V A T I O N S
N oack a n d T r i n ks (O p
D u lln ess o f t h e mi n d an d
an d ch r o n i c e r u pt i o n s o f t h e ski n
me mo r y A r t h r i t i c t o o t h ach e (R a cker t ) Vi ol en t sn e e z i n g wi t h
pr ofu se di sch ar g e o f mu cu s
bu t

su

ppo si n

th

at

D i osc

as

C ) H

or

i d es h ad

r ea

'

XX I X

D I G I TA L I S P UR P U R E A

YMS Di g i t

S YN O N
R a i i Sy

G er

p 283 ;
.

al i s

pu r pu

L in

r ea,

p 7 90

RE G

Di g i t el l o
k r au t

at

Du t

R u ss

ME F

Sp an

g er h at

Por t

Vi n g er h

o o d en

CH

AR

N aper s t i an k a

pper

sh ape d .
an

seg

men t

pper on
t w o l on g

it s

F ig

d t w o sh

g er men

G er m : F i n g er h

F i n g er

b or r sO r t

SC R O P H

UL A R U E

AN

mu ch

r eu n

th

G I O SP E R M I A

th

an

D an

I t al

t , S ch wu l st

R od

an

c on

Ju ss

D ID Y

th

an

t ed

poi n
r est

l i n dr i c al ,

cy

t er t h

sh or

di sh

e c or ol l a, o f on e sepal ,

men t s

seg

or o l

of

la

t r ac t ed

per man

on e

th

at

or

t,

aw l

en

t, th

el l
pet al ,
ase , di l at e d ,

sh a

pe d , ar

c l ov en

v al v es,

s of

e v al v e s

el l - sh aped ,
-

an

Ot r e d ame, G an t el

mar g i n

th

eg

lo

sect i on

of

i g ma

c en

t r al

le

S eed s

bl

for med

d ou l e par t i t i on

v er y

n u

mer ou s

mall

of
o

bl

th
on

g,

D i st i n
g par t i t i on i n e ach c el l
same c l as s an d or d er b y t h e ve -cl eft
on

e d c or o l l a ,

turn

ed u n

d er n

eat h

en

men s

st a

(B axt er )

of

th

e ca ly x e g

e scar c el y

th

wi t h

in t h

en er a

men t s

or

st

fou r l o

cel l e d c ap su

AR

G an t es

e,

D e d al ei r a

d t wo

pper l i p

H S

d t wo
C

p 32 5

g u l ar , at t ac h e d t o
g u i sh e d fr o m o t h er g

PE

IA

n ar r o w er

an

v ol

i n exe d

an

in n

i n fer i or ,

an

c al y x,

i si n g fr om t h e t u e of t h e cor oll a
th e
as e,
en t , d ecl i n i n g
A n t h er s d eepl y cl ov en , poi n t e d
e g g S h ape d , poi n t e d
S t y l e t h r ead sh aped , a s l on g as t h e
S t i g ma cl oven , poi n t ed
C ap su l e eg g sh aped , poi n t e d , o f t w o

G er men

men

an

t ow ar d s

st a

L i mb smal l , w i t h fou r u n e u al seg men t s, t h e

pw ar d s
r ecu r ve d , S li h t l
F i l a men t s fou r ,
g
y c l ov en ; l ow er on e l ar g e st

d t u r n ed

c ell s ,

al

T u be l ar g e,

di vi d e d i n t o v e

d eepl y

N AM

GE N

S w ed

O r d er , L U R I D JE , L

D i g i t al e pou r pr

D ed al er a

p 8 6 8 ; Wi l l d , v ol
p 28 3 ;
D i g i t al i s , H a l l , H i st , v ol i p 1 43
C am
H i st , 8 9 6
D i g i t ali s s peci osa, S a l i s bur y ,
Sp P l

i
t
Di
al i s, T r ay
l
est r i s s eu
v
g
y

Pr od r omu s , p 1 00 ; G r ay s N a t A r r

pau n l a

e c or ol l a,

cl ov en

t o sh

ow

th

sh ape d , acu

eaves

te

d ow n y

posi t i on

of

th

or o

l la

bt

u se ;

e an

th

er s .

2 C al y x,
.

DI

H ISTO R Y
P er e i r
.

th

s t at es
z

th

at

(E

t er m

G I T A LI S P U R P U R E A
l emen t s

P o xen g lo pe
-

at

2 43

M ed

in

occu r s

v ol

d in

mo n g t h

ar e

Th

r st

G e r man
th

au

th

en

t ic

g av e

er

i an

ot t on

wh

n g er

bu t ,

glo ve

lan t

n g

er

th

me

B r i t i sh

ll

st a

fr o m t h

lar

th

at

of w h

c or o

th

er e

ll a

Is

(H

D i gi t ali s

of

n a

I t i s si n g u

i pt s i n t h

h o w e v er , i s i n F u ch si u

n ot i c e,

th is p

an u sc r

8 36 )

b efo r e t h e N or man C
t r an sl at i o n O f L A pu l i u s b o t h

M S S ax o n

(G l ossar i u m
o n qu e s t (A
D

MS

E lf r i ci ), pr o b ably w r i t t e n
an

ii

i ch

u seu

i st S t i r p
.

fr o m

r es e

n o

th

mbli n

r e co r

g
of

l me d i ci n al d r u g i n t h e w r i t i n g s of t h e an ci en t
h
i
s
c
i
an
s
u
h
b
o
m
e
i
s
u
o
E
y
a
l
t
h
o
y
s
t
i
s
se
d
t
o
b
e
t
h
e
p
g
pp
Om Q
o f Di o sc or i d e s
an d by o t h er s t h e B
o f t h e same w r i t e r
x
g
g
T h e Di gi t ali s pu r pu r e a h o w e ver i s n o t i n d i g e n ou s i n G r e e c e
o r A s i a M i n or
A c c or d i n g t o S i b t h o r p t h e E M B g s A
of
D i o sc or i d es i s t h e D i gi t ali s fer r u gi n e a a v er y b e au t i fu l spe ci e s o f
t h i s or d er
G er ar d e (H i s t of P l a n t s p 647 ) say s t h at F o xgl o v e s
h m
s an d mak e i t V e r b as ci s e c i e m or a
s o me c all i n G r e ek @ g
p
ki n d o f M u ll ei n ; an d as t o i t s vi r t u es st at es t h at F o xglo ve
b oi l e d i n w at er or w i n e an d d r u n k e n d ot h cu t an d c on su me t h e
t h i ck e t o u g h n es se o f gr o s s e an d sl i mi e e g me an d r an k e h u mo u r s
I t O pen e t h also t h e s t o ppi n g o f t h e li v er S pl ee n e an d mi l t
an d o f o t h er i n w ar d
ar t s ; t h e same t ak en
l
i
k
e man e r
or
i
n
p
b o i le d w i t h h on i e d w at er or su g ar d o t h s c o u r e an d cl en s e t h e

b r est r i pen et h an d b r i n g e t h for t h t ou gh an d cl ammi e e g me

A s a me d i ci n e i t h as b een u s e d fo r a v ar i e t y o f d i se as e s
u n d er
t h e all o p at h i c sch o o l
F o r mer l y i t w as e xt er n ally
an d so h i g h ly w as i t
appl i e d by fo men t at i o n s an d o i n t me n t s
r al d a t u t t e
A
r i z e d by t h e I t ali an s t h at t h e y h a v e t h e ad ag e
p

I t h as b een
F o xglo v e c u r e s al l w ou n d s
l e pi agh e s al d a
e mpl o y e d t o r e d u c e t h e fr e qu e n c y an d for c e o f t h e h e ar t s
ac t i o n
t o pr o mo t e t h e ac t i on o f t h e ab sor b en t s as a d i u r e t i c an d
al so fo r
i t s speci c i n u en c e o v e r t h e c er e b r o spi n al sy st e m
t h i s p o w er fu

A E

ov

ts

o o

avn os

va

I n fe v e r s

(VVi t b er i n g , S ach s , M

I n i n ammat i o n

s,

qu en e y

pu

of

th e

on

ac c o u n

l se (K i n g

a c l ean

of

B ed d oes , S ch on l ei n
'

i t s po w er

r e du ci n

C l u t t er bu ck, R ei l , J or y

th

et c

et c

fr e

In

FLO R A

2 44
ac u

te

eu

mat i sm (G ey

i n g , D ar w i n
an

d Dr

J or et ,

W i t h er i n g

ser

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

G app er ,

ac c o u n

on

r e

mar k s ,

i n me n

th

at

et c

I n d r o ps y ( Wi t h er

f i t s di u

i s me d i c i n

th

pr o pe r t i e s ;

r et c

se

l dom

pr o

gr eat n at u r al st r e n g t h of t en se
br e w ar m ski n o f o r i d c o mpl e xi o n o r i n t h o se w i t h a li gh t
O n t h e c o n t r ar y i f t h e p u lse b e fe e bl e or
an d c or d y pu l se
i n t er mi t t i n g t h e c o u n t e n an c e pal e t h e li ps li v i d t h e ski n c o l d
t h e S w oll e n b e lly so ft an d u c t u at i n g o r t h e an as ar c o u s li mb s
w e may e xp e c t
r e adi ly pi t t i n g u n d er t h e pr e s su r e o f t h e n g er

B l ac k all
t h e d i u r e t i c effe c t s t o fo ll o w i n a ki n d ly man n er
d r o ps y aft er s c ar l e t fe v e r w h e n t h e
r ec o mme n d s D i g i t ali s i n
I n j au n di c e
u r i n e i s t h i c k small i n qu an t i t y an d b a d s me lli n g
n
h
e g masi a alb a d o l en s (K r a u s )
I
M
n
l
i
d
l
a
e
an
S
c
h
b
e
n
r
( y
p
)
I n d e li r i u m t r e me n s ( W ebs t er P ea r son H u ss e t c ) I n h yd r o
ei n e er
H
H
u
el an d
c e h alu s (J br
S
a
ch s
f
e
t
c
I
n
met r or
)
g
p
g
t
o ab o r t i o n
I
n d i spo si t i o n
l
ly
r h a i a (N eu ma n n )
ar
t
i
c
u
r
a
for
p
g
I n c r ou p (C on s t an ce J u r i n e
c o n g est i on O f t h e u t er u s (B u r n s )
I n h aemo pt ysi s (J ah n
J on es G ey s er )
G ey s er )
A cu t e i n
ammat i o n o f t h e pl e u r a
P n e u mon l a an d p e r i pn e u mo n i a
du

c es

e ffe c t s

i t s d e si r e d

(M a cl ean

Ch

r on

ic

u r r i e,

c at ar r

(N

an n
eu

i n g , B r er a , R

man n )

a s or

P h t h i si s

i , J ah r , G ey s er ,
D i g i t ali s h as

et c

b e en

lmon ar y c on su mpt i on an d n u me
r o u s c ase s o f s u pp o se d c u r es h av e b ee n
p u b l i sh e d B ayl e (B i bl
T h er ap t i i i p 36 2) h as c o ll e c t e d fr o m t h e w r i t i n g s o f S an d er s
Ki n gl ak e F o w l e r B e dd o es (O bs on t h e M a n ag emen t of t h e C on
r ak e
M
o ssman
e
E
s sa
t
o el u ci d a t e t h e N a t
t
i
v
D
su m
(
y
p
M ac l e an
O r i g a n d C on n er! of S er ap h a n d G l an d
F er r i ar (on D i g i t a l i s ) M ag i n n i s M o r e t on an d o t h e r s r epo r t s
F o xglo v e
O f t h e se ei gh t y t h r e e ar e
o f 1 5 1 c ase s t r e at e d by
B u t a mo r e ac cu r at e
s ai d t o b e c u r e d an d t h i r t y v e r e li e v e d
an d e x t en d e d e x pe r i en c e h as fu lly pr o v e d t h at t h i s me di c i n e
an d
v
e r y sl i g h t
alli at i ve
o sse sse s n o c u r at i ve
o w er s i n
p
p
p
g e n u i n e ph t h i si s I t i s t o t ally i n c apabl e o f pr e v en t i n g o r o f
an d h as l i t t l e
c au si n g t h e r e mo v al o f t u b e r c u l ar d ep osi t s
if
i n u en ce i n r e t ar d i n g t h e pr o g r e ss o f c o n su mpt i o n
Th e
an y
d e c l ar e d

ca

bl e

o f cu r n

pu

b t ed ; bu t t h i s
l e s s r e al mo men t
d ou

it

vo

G I T A LI S P U R P UR E A

th

d i mi n i sh i n

of

po w e r

DI

ii

J or et , H ei s i n g

e ffe c t

th

i s,

Dr

as

g en

is

an

In

of

th

ll

lly

er a

I
n

l pi t at i o n

mmat i o n

th

be
o

ppo s e d

of

l at i on c an n o t
j u st ly r e mar k s

e ci r cu

an

su

O r g an i c di s eas e s

)
t h or ax (K r ey si g )
er

e r api di t

2 45

f
h

th e

th

e ar

e ar

(P

er e r a ,

e ar

ydr o

(D avi s )

(O t t o

t , wit h

In

yper t r oph y w i t h d i l at at i o n (S ch bn l ei n ) I n an eu r i sm o f
t h e aor t a by l e ss e n i n g t h e for c e o f t h e c i r cu l at i o n an d all o w
i n g t h e c o ag u l at i o n o f t h e blo o d i n t h e s ac e t c e t c
I n i n san i t y
C ox C u r r i e H a a s H a l l or an e t c ) I n
an d me l an c h o li a (J on es
A mau r o si s (H or n ) e t c e t c (V i d e N oa ch an d
e pi l e ps y (S cot t )
h

T r i n ks ,

We

bj e c t

th

it

o o

an

an

d we h

th

ed

n ot

ai d

th

e c o ch

i cu

tr

u st

h o pe s ,

ve b e e g

to

e v en

ou r

mou r n

ve

n ot

fe ar s ,

ou r

n ts
l
a
p

ou s

mmo n e d

su

an t
l
p

i s ; we h

th

ft en

n o

fe w i n d i g en

a e

ve s
F o xgl o v e
we h

u s

ou r

p er h aps, w h i c h

on e

in

d i st r e s ses

ou r

m h

as

an

as

th

b e en mo r e

th

d d i sappo i n t men t

l fo r t h e r eli ef i t h as aff r d e d
i n su f c i e n c y o f i t s po w e r s
C o u ld
f

r at e u

yi el di n g t h e vi r t u e s i t i s c o n si d e r e d t o po ss e s s
or c ou l d w e r e g u l at e o r c on t r o l i t s i n u e n c e i t w o u l d e xi s t u n

r i v all e d fo r b e au t y an d w or t h ami d s t o u r i sl an d pl an t s
(K n app
we

r e

ly u pon

its

J ou r n

of

at

2n d

e di t

DE S C R I P T I O N Th i s el g a
e

an

b e au t i fu l plan t

is

b i en n i al

o w er s fr o m J u n e t o A u g u st T h e r oot i s c o mpo s e d o f n u me
S t em fr o m t h r e e t o v e an d e v en
r ou s l o n g an d s l e n d e r b r e s
u
mo st ly si mpl e l e afy r o u n d i sh w i t h
si x f e e t h i gh
pr i g h t
L eaves alt e r n at e
s e ver al sli g h t an gl e s
p u b e s c en t o r d o w n y
b et w e en eg g sh ape d an d spe ar sh ape d cr en at e d ow n y r u gg e d
v ei n y o f a d u ll gr een ab o v e w h i t i sh u n d er n e at h
an d
r o o t l e a v e s l ar g e s t
t aper i n g at t h e b as e i n t o w i n g e d fo o t s t alks
F l ow er s l ar g e an d h an d some i n l on g t er mi n al S pi k e s o r c lu st er s
an d l e an i n g al l
on e w a
B
r act ea s s e ar sh a e d
en d u l o u s
p
p
p
y
F l ower s t a l ks pu b esc en t t h i c k e s t at t h e t op o n e o w er e d ; aft e r
t h e o w er dr o ps o ff b ec o mi n g n e ar ly u pr i gh t ; s eg men t s O f t h e
c alyx e
h
e u pp er se g men t n ar r o w e r t h an
sh ape d poi n t e d
t
gg
an

FL O R A

246
th e

r e st

C or ol l a

of

H O M <E O P A T H I C A

pe t a

on e

ly b ell sh ape d ab o ve an
mar k e d i n t h e i n si d e w i t h

n ear

lon g pu r ple s o me t i mes w h i t e

blo o d c ol o u r e d spot s an d h ai r s
G E OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I B U T I O N In

i n ch

an

d in th

t e mp er

L O C A LI T I E S

at e an

sou

th

er n

y
san d y s o i l
N o r fo lk

th

is

cou n

tr

di g

t r i es

c ou n

in

en o u s
of

i n G r e at B r i t ai n

u r o pe

w o o d s,

ast u r es ,
p

an

on

gr avelly o r
C ommo n i n mo st c ou n t i e s
T h e w h i t e v ar i e t y h as b e en
b u t n o t i n S u ffo l k o r
fo u n d w i l d i n s e v er al par t s O f E n glan d : i n W o r c e st er sh i r e
i n S t affo r d sh i r e ab o u t
n e ar B r o msg r o v e an d n e ar H ar t l eb u r y
M oxh al l ; an d n e ar P e n myn y d d i n A n gl e se y
P A R T S U S E D I N M ED IC I N E A N D M O D E OF P R E P A R A TI O N
b an k s

in

F o r h o moeo pat h i c pr e par at i on

s,

we

th

u se

fr e sh L e av es

f th

y e ar g at h er e d i n t h e mon t h o f M ay b efo r e t h e pl an t
o w e r s T h e j u i c e I s t o b e e xpr e sse d mi xe d w i t h e qu al par t s
h
e
T
o f s i r i t s o f w i n e an d d i lu t e d t o t h e t h i r t i e t h at t en u at i o n
p
le ave s pr o c u r e d i n t h e sh o ps ar e some t i mes ad u lt er at e d w i t h
t h o s e o f t h e V er b ascu m Th aps u s an d S ymph y t u m o ffi ci n al e b u t
w h i ch ad u l t e r at i o n i s e asi ly d l sc o ver e d by t h e spu r i o u s l eav e s
b ei n g h ai r y o n b o t h si d es
P HY S I O L OG IC A L E FF E C T S 0 n Veg et abl es A cc o r d i n g t o
M ar c e t (A n n d e C h i m et d e P h y s v o l xxi x p
a w at e r y
e x t r ac t o f D i g i t ali s k i ll e d a h ar i c o t pl an t i n t w e n t
f
o u r h ou r s
y
O n A n i ma l s F r o m an e xt e n si v e se r i e s o f e xpe r i men t s by
O r l a (T or G en er a l v o l i i p 2 90) w i t h t h e po w d er ex t r ac t
an d t i n c t u r e o f t h e l e av e s F o xgl o v e a
ppe ar s t o c au se i n mo d e
r at e d o s e s v o mi t i n g
g i ddi n ess l an g u o r an d d e at h i n t w en t y
fou r h o u r s w i t h o u t an y o t h er sy mpt o ms o f n o t e ; bu t i n lar g e r
d o s e s i t li k e w i se pr o d u c e s t r e mo r s c on v u l s i o n s s t u por an d
c o ma
A c cor d i n g t o M o i r o u d (P h a r m Vet er
o
w
t
p
o u n ce s O f t h e e x t r ac t g i v e n t o a h o r s e
r o d u c e d d e at h i n t w e l v e
p
se c o n

ou r s

On M
g

an

mI n

mall

i sm, i t pr o d u c e s h

di ar r h

oea ;

in

cr e ase

an

r epe at e d

d o ses

li v at i on

e ad ach e , sa

of

th

ac t i o n

of

th

n au se a, an

on

th

lt h y

ea

or

v omi t i n g ;

ki d n ey s ; v i ol en t

c on

D
st r i c t i o n
cou

gh

of

s en se

su

ffo c at i o n

g r e at

d pe r s pi r at i o n ;

an

an

I G I T A LI S P U R P U R E A
th

in

247

of

s en s e

c h es t

w e ar i n

mo pt y s i s

e ss

ae

a
i
n
p

an

l i mb s ; al t e r at i on i n t h e h ear t s a ct i o n ; t h e
p u l s e n o t b eat i n g ab o v e h al f i t s n at u r al b e at s o r b e c o mi n g h ar d
s mall an d q u i ck ;
palpi t at i o n ; g r e at s e n s e o f c h i lli n e s s ; d epr e s
h

e av i n e s s

in

th

si o n

spi r

a t er i a

i t s,

d fe ar

an

M edi ca P

u r a,

of

pp

d e at h

fr e qu

en c

wh i

le

in

ci r cu

so

lat i on

f th

me i t

e
r e

is

n ot

ls e

mai n

al l

at

is

au

P e r ei r a

th

v
( i de

220

mar k s t h at fr o m var i o u s o b ser v at i o n

o v er

et c

s,

th e

c o n s t an

g men t e d

lt er e d

u n a

an

in
t

in

d in

ma n n

ah n e

(o p

ci t

r e

u en c e o f F oxglo ve
In
ot

so

me

c as es

th

d epr e sse d ,

er s

i d e r abl e

a c on s

n u

b ec ome s i r r egu l ar o r i n t er mi t t en t H e als o r emar k s t h at

a g r e at d e al d e e n d s u
p
po n t h e po si t i on o f t h e p at i en t ; w h en
r e c u mb en t
th e
u l s e i s r e d u c e d i n fr e qu e n c y mu c h so o n er an d
p
w i t h mor e c e r t ai n t y t h an w h e n i n t h e u pr i gh t po si t i o n
S h r o ek
b er i t

Wi r h

/Vi bmer
T
,
(

g r ai n s

r z n ei

v ol

ii

f Di g i t ali s pr o d u c e d i n h i ms e lf

3 1 1 ) fo u

n au s e a,

d t h at t w o

ead a ch e , s

mall

lse d r yn ess o f t h e g u ms an d t h r o at gi d d i n e s s
w e akn e ss o f t h e li mb s an d i n c r e ase d s ec r e t i o n o f sal i v a ; some
h o u r s aft e r h e O b s er v e d spar k s b e fo r e t h e e y e s ; h i s vi si on b e
h
c ame d i m an d h e ex e r i en c e d a sen sat i on o f pr e s su r e O n
t
e
p
I n l ar g er d o s es an d w h e n t o o l o n g c o n t i n u e d mo r e
e y e b alls
s e r i o u s an d mo r e u n pl eas an t s mpt o ms ar e pr o d u c e d ; s u ch as
y
n au s e a
vo mi t i n g an d pu r gi n g ; c o ld n e ss o f t h e ext r emi t i e s ;
s e n s e o f fai n t n e s s an d g i d d i n e s s ; c o n fu si on o f v i s i o n an d i d e as ;
e x t e r n al o bj e c t s appe ar g r e en or y e llo w ; g r e at s e n s e o f w e i g h t
i n t h e h e ad ; w e akn e ss o f t h e li mb s ; pu l s e i s sl o w
an d pai n
an d s o me t i mes s t u
a n d i r r e g u l ar ;
or
d
e li r i u m
n d
a
c on vu l
p
si o n s
S ali v at i o n i n o n e c as e (R u st s M ag az i n e v o l xx v
T h e se sympt o ms ar e n o t on ly
p 5 7 8 ) l ast i n g fo r t h r e e w e ek s
r o d u c e d by t aki n g t o o l ar g e a d o s e
b u t o ft en by r e peat e d
p
s mall d o s e s o w i n g t o t h e
po w e r t h i s d r u g h as o f ac c u mu l at i n g
i n t h e sy st em w h er e by i t s po i s o n o u s o r d e l e t er i ou s e ffe c t s ar e
man i fest e d aft er i t s c on t i n u e d empl o ymen t as a r emed i al
ag e n t
s o ft , an

qu i c k

pu

2 48

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

T h

I n l ar g e or p oi son ou s d oses
i t s ac t i o n , w h i ch (as i n al l o t h
n ts
a
l
p

th

on

h o moeopat h i st
Dr

fe mal e ,
u n

man

or

ou

g an i sm) ar e

t p at i en t
o

ca

po i s on

or

ou s e

pec u l i ar ly i n t er e st i n

of

th

h ad t ak e n

an

in

d e r d r o ps y, w h

ll e d

w as

an

med i ci n al

er

g c ases w i ll e x empli fy
ffe c t s

of

to th

W H en r y

fo llo w i n

ct o

b er

an ch e s t e r

ve

d o se

1 8 09 , t o

I
n

of

mar y ,

a ss st

l ab ou r i n g

d e c oc t i on

f F ox

gl o v e I t w as pr epar e d by b oi li n g t w o h an dfu l s o f t h e l eaves

i n a qu ar t O f w at er an d t h e n pr e ssi n g t h e mas s so as t o e x pe l
t h e w h o l e o f t h e li qu or
O f t h i s at se v en a m sh e d r an k t w o
t eac u pfu l s amo u n t i n g i n t h e w h o l e t o n o t l ess t h an t en ou n c e s
by meas u r e B efo r e e i gh t sh e b eg an t o b e si ck an d vomi t e d
.

ar

of

th

con

of

t en t s

er

st o

mach

n ou

h
g

h o w e ver , w as

x ci t e v o mi t i n g an d r e t ch i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e w h o l e
d u r i n g w h i ch e ve r yt h i n g t h at
an d t h e fo llo w i n g d ay
o f t h at
I n t h e i n t e r v al s o f si ckn e ss
w as t ak e n w as i n st an t ly r ej e c t e d
an d h er ski n w as c o v e r e d w i t h a c o l d
S h e w as e x c e ss i v e ly fai n t
s w e at
T h e t on g u e an d t h e li ps sw ell e d an d t h er e w as a c on
Ve r y l i t t l e u r i n e
t i n u al o w o f v i sci d s ali v a fr o m t h e mo u t h
w as v o i d e d o n t h e d ay sh e t o o k t h e D i g i t ali s an d o n t h e fo ll o w
i n g d ay s t h e ac t i o n o f t h e ki d n e ys w as e n t i r e ly su spen d e d
W h en D r H en r y saw h er w h i ch w as fo r t y ei gh t h ou r s aft er
s h e h ad t ak e n
t h e p oi son t h e t on g u e w as w h i t e t h e pt yal i sm
i n a l e s s d eg r e e an d t h e b r e at h w as fe t i d
c on t i n u e d t h o u gh
T h e pu l se w as l o w i r r e g u l ar (n o t e x c e e d i n g fo r t y) an d aft er
fo u r t h pu l at i o n an i n t e r mi ssi o n o c c u r r e d fo r
e ver y t h i r d o r
S h e c o mpl ai n e d als o o f g en er al pai n s i n t h e
so me s e c o n d s
li mb s an d cr amps i n t h e l e g s B y t h e u se o f effe r ves ci n g
d r au g h t s an d e t h er w i t h ammo n i a sh e g r ad u ally r e c o v er e d
D r H en r y r e mar k s t h at sh e h ad n o t
h e r i mper fec t h e al t h
t ak en an y mer c u r y an d t h at t h e pt y al i sm w as e n t i r e ly t h e

e ffe c t o f D i g i t al i s
(E di n M ed a n d S ar g J ou r v o l v i i i p
S i x ou n ce s o f a st r o n g d ec o c t i o n w er e t ak en as a l ax at i v e
Vo mi t i n g c o li c an d pu r gi n g w er e t h e
e ar ly i n t h e mo r n i n g
r st s ympt oms ; t o war d s t h e aft er n o o n le t h ar gy su pe r ven e d ;
r e t ai n e d

to e

I G I TA L I s P U R P UR E A

2 49

b o u t mi d n i gh t t h e c o li c an d pu r gi n g r et u r n e d ; aft er w ar d s
g e n er al c o n v u lsi o n s mad e t h ei r appe ar an c e an d a su r g e on w h o
s aw t h e
at i e n t at an
h
s u c c e e d i n g mo r n i n g
ly
e
o
u
r
o
f
e
h
t
ar
p
fo u n d h i m vi o l e n t ly c on v u l se d w i t h t h e pu pi ls d i l at e d an d i n
s e n si bl e an d t h e
u l s e S l o w fe e bl e an d i r r e g u l ar : c o ma g r ad u
p
all y su c c e e d e d
an d d e at h
t o o k pl ac e i n t w en t y t w o h o u r s aft er
t h e p o i son w as sw all o w e d
T h e po s t mor t e m appear an ce s ar e
v er y i mp er fe c t ly r e c o r d e d i n t h i s c as e an d t h i s i s t h e mor e t o
b e r e g r e t t e d as a h i at u s h er e r e mai n s i n t h e t o xi c o lo gi c al h i s

t o r y o f t h e d r u g t h at mu ch wan t s ll i n g u p (C h r i s t on P oi s on s
a

3r d

to

it p
I t i s s o me t i me s
ed

t i me ,

l e av e

t i n ct u

r es

c u st o

th

on

ph

d r eg s,

ar

mac eu t i c al
th

aft er

lab or at o r i e s

ve

st o o d a

du

f
o r u s e ; t h e d r eg s
l
ar
t
p
ar e aft er w ar d s
n d t h e l ast p o r t i on o f t h e t i n c t u r e
r
e ss e d o u t
a
p
a c q u i r es
by t h i s c ar e l e s s pr o c ee d i n g d ou bl e t h e s t r e n g t h o f
t h e r st
A p e r s on su ffer i n g u n d e r h y d r o t h o r ax w h o h a d b e e n
i n t h e h ab i t o f t aki n g fo r t y d r o ps o f t i n c t u r e O f D i gi t ali s e v er y
n i h t
as o bli g e d
i
i
i
i
n
e
n
w
h
w
e
n
t
f
r
o
h
o
m
e
w
t
h
ou
t
s
m
d
c
a
d
e
m
g
t o sen d t o an apo t h e c ar y i n t h e c o u n t r y fo r an o u n c e o f t h e
t i n c t u r e o f w h i ch h e t o o k h i s ac cu st o me d d o s e : i t s e ffec t s w er e
mu ch mor e vi ol en t t h an u su al an d h e di e d e xh au st e d by

r ep e at e d fai n t i n g i n t h e mo r n i n g
(C h r i s t O p c i t )
I kn o w
M r B r an d e i n h i s E l emen t s of P h ar ma cy o b se r ve s :
an i n st an c e o f a p e r s on w h o su ffe r e d u n d e r an as ar c a o f t h e l e g s
l
an d w h o a
i
d
f
o r r e li e f at a d i s pe n s ar y w h e r e h e r e c e i v e d a
e
pp
b o x o f pi ll s (c o n t ai n i n g D i gi t ali s) o n e o f w h i ch h e w as d i r e c t e d
t o t ak e t h r e e t i me s a d ay
O n t h e e v en i n g o f t h e t h i r d d ay h e
t h e c ou r s e
c o mpl ai n e d o f g r e at d e b il i t y an d fai n t n e ss an d i n
I n t h e mo r n i n g
o f t h e n i gh t v o mi t i n g an d fai n t i n g t s c ame o n
an

gr ad u ally t o

mar y i n

p o u r o ff

th

e c e ar

di e d ,

A man

p
,

at t e

on

mpt i n

t
o
g

et o u

ou

f b ed

(I d

y e ar s o f ag e su ffer i n
o u n c e o f Di gi t ali s i n st ead o f a g r ai n

ft y v e
-

k ab o u t an
o f t h e l eav e s
An
i mme di at ely vo mi t e d
t oo

ou r

Th

ft e r

at e

v o mi t i g s
n

ci t

)
g fr o m h u mi d ast h ma

so

c on

me

t in

Of

so u

u ed ,

th
,

wh

ac c o

o w d er

i ch

mpan i e d

FLO R A

250

ve t i go

wi t h

th

SO

at

H O M CE UP A T H I C A

c ou

ld

n ot

s t an

pr i gh t

d i st i n

n or

gu i sh O bj e c t s D u r i n g t h e w h ol e d ay h e c o n t i n u e d t o s u ffe r
fr o m vi o l en t b i li o u s an d mu c o u s v o mi t i n g s a c c o mpan i e d w i t h
r e at d e r e s si on
an d ab d o mi n al
p ai n s w h i c h w e r e d i mi n i sh e d
g
p
by t w o e mol li en t i n j e c t i o n s T h e s e sympt o ms c on t i n u e d t h e
T h e p at i e n t w as s t i ll fu r t h e r
w h o l e o f t h e n e x t d ay an d n i gh t
d e pr e ss e d ; t h e pu l s e w as sl o w an d i n t e r mi t t e n t ; an d t h i s
u t
i
t
b
t
e al t e r at i o n t o t h e n i n t h d a
l
l
s ym t o m c on t i n u e d w i t h
p
y
A t t h i s t i me t h e vi si o n
w h en i t h ad c o mpl e t e ly d i s appe ar e d
w as st i ll c o n fu s e d t h e r e app ear e d t o h i m o f a bl u e c o lo u r ;

d ay t h i s s ympt o m di sappe ar e d (O bs d e
an d o n t h e fo u r t e en t h
.

B i d au l t

ov

Vi l l i er s , J ou r n

de

d e M ed

C h ir

P h ar m ,

et

man

of

c o n st i t u

wea

t i on

at t ac

ked

wit h

an as ar ca

an

ll o w e d by mi st ak e fo u r o r v e t i me s mor e o f
H e w as se i z e d
t h e t i n c t u r e o f Di gi t al i s t h an h e w as o r d er e d
o mi t i n g o f a l i t t l e b i l e aft e r mo st v i o l e n t an d
w i t h n au s e a an d
r e e at e d e ffo r t s w i t h g r e at d e pr e s s i on an d s w e at i n g d u r i n g t h e
p
Th e s e sy mpt o ms fr o m t h e t r e at men t pu r su e d gr ad u all y
n i gh t
d i s appe ar e d an d i n ab ou t s e v e n d ays al l t h e e ff e c t s h ad pass e d

o ff e x c e t so me oed e ma o f t h e fee t
(B ed d oes C on t r t o P h y s
p

y d r o t h o r ax

sw a

an

d M ed K n ow l edg e)

ood

B i d au l t d e V i lli e r s
i
n ch
p

r e par e d

of

wit h

th

(o p

c ar e ,

ci t

) s ays

th

at

t oo

pr e t t y

le av e s o f D i g i t ali s wh i ch h e h ad
an d t h e fo ll o w i n g s y m t o ms e n su e d : an
p

o w d e r of

g r e at

th

x t r eme bi t t er n e ss i n t h e mo u t h w h i ch i n cr e as e d t h e s ecr et i on
an d w h i c h
o f sali v a t o a c o n si d e r a bl e e x t e n t
c o n t i n u e d aft er h e
an d i t w as o n ly
h ad g o t r i d o f t h e Di g i t ali s fr o m t h e mo u t h
o f b i t t er n ess h ad e n t i r e ly d i s a
aft e r t h e s e n sat i on
ppe ar e d t h at
I t als o c au se d a
h e pe r c e i v e d a sl i g h t ac r i di t y i n t h e t h r o at
a n d l i k e w i s e a sl i g h t
s o r t o f d e si r e t o v o mi t
pal pi t at i on o f t h e
h ear t w i t h d r y n e s s i n t h e mo u t h
A h e al t h y r o b u s t y o u n g man affe c t e d w i t h sor e t h r o at w as
H avi n g lle d a q u ar t pi t c h e r
a d v i s e d t o t ak e t h r oa t wor t t ea
w i t h t h e fr e sh l e av e s o f t h e D i g i t al i s pu r pu r e a h e po u r e d u po n
e

DI

th

m as mu ch b o i li n g

st r o n

c au s e d

h im t o

w at e r

t oo

d ly

s e ep s ou n

as

th

e ac u

pi t c h

pfu l

In th

b ei n g mu ch

25 1

l
g oi n g

w ou d h

er

on

O f th is

b e d , w h i ch

to

mor n i n g h e

ld

t oo

a sec o n

g er ) an d h e t h en w en t t o
H e so o n fe l t d i z z y an d h e avy b eg an t o
h i s e mpl o yme n t
l o st h i s c on sci ou sn ess an d at l en g t h fell d ow n i n a s t at e
s t agg er
o f s yn c ope
O n b ei n g c o n v e y e d h o me h e v o mi t e d s e v e r e l y
i n t h e ab d o me n
an d s u ffer e d e x t r e me p ai n
W h en vi si t e d h e
w as c o n sc i o u s ; c o mpl ai n e d o f g r e at pai n i n t h e h e ad ; t h e
an d t h e s u r fa c e c o l d
i
l
r e d i l at e d
u
s
e
w
p p
palli d an d c ov e r e d
w i t h c opi o u s pe r s pi r at i on
T h e pu l s e w as l o w ab o u t for t y a
mi n u t e t h r e e o r fou r fe e bl e p u l s at i on s b ei n g su c c ee d e d by a
c o mpl e t e i n t e r mi s si o n
an d
e ac h
of
se v e r a l
se c o n d s
st r o ke
t h o u gh w e ak w as g i v en w i t h a pe c u li ar
e x pl o si v e S h o ck
T h er e w as st i ll g r e at p ai n i n t h e abd o men w i t h i n c e ssan t an d
vi ole n t v o mi t i n g n o d i ar r h oea su ppr e ssi o n o f u r i n e an d an
ab u n d an t o w o f s ali v a
B r an d y an d ammo n i a w i t h w ar mt h
w er e e mpl o y e d an d aft er r e ac t i on h ad c o mme n c e d pu r g at i v e s
w er e ad mi n i s t er e d
T h e man S l o w ly r e c o v er e d b u t t h e pu ls e
r e se n t e d i t s
ak n e ss fo r
at
u li ar
b
e
an
d
w
s e v e r al
d ay s
ec
e
p
p
an d d u r i n g t h i s t i me t h e man
b e ar t h e u pr i gh t p o
c ou ld n o t

si t i o u
( W i l son M ed G a z et t e v o l xx xi v p
R N
6 0 s u bj e c t t o i r r e g u l ar g o u t an d d y spep si a ;
aet at
c o n si d e r abl e d y s pn oea
l egs oed e mat o u s an d spo t t e d w i t h a fe w
alf an
e c h i ae
H
ou n c e o f i n fu si o n
D
i
g
l
g
v
e
t
O
f
i
a
t
i
s
a
s
i
w
en
p
d ai ly fo r so me t i me an d t h en I n l e sser qu an t i t i e s
Du r in g t h e
u s e o f n o mo r e t h an t w o d r ach ms o f t h e i n fu si o n
d ail y a pai n
c ame o v er o n e o f h i s e y e s
H e c o mpl ai n e d o f g r e at d i st u r b
an c e o f h i s b r ai n
w h i ch h e h i ms e l f r e fer r e d t o t h e d r au g h t s
an d wi t h i n t w e n t y fou r h o u r s t h i s sy m t o m w as fo ll o w e d by a
p
w at er y e x h au st i n g d i ar r h oea an d l o w d e li r i u m
G en er al c o n
v u l si o n s s e e d i ly e n su e d
i n w h i c h t h e r e w as c o mple t e i n se n si
p
b i l i t y an d fo ami n g a t t h e mou t h w i t h an almo st t o t al c e ss at i o n
cu

l
f
u
p

i n fu si on

G I T A LI S P U R P U R E A

(t h

i n fu si o n

st r o n

of

by

th

e ac t i on

an

of

th

e ar

pi at e i n j e c t i o n

F r om t h i s

S i mi l ar

a
p ro

s t at e

xy sms

w as

r ec o

r e t u r n ed

ve

t wo

r e

or

FLO R A

252
th

t i me s d u

r ee

b e c ame
Th

ve

si

in

th

of

th

xt

d eli r i o u

ll

vu l

c on

th

d Cure

s on s

b e c ame

xpi r e d

D r op s i es , p

In t h

i n t e r v al s , h

mu ch p ai n i n h i s h e ad
d i s c o v e r i n g t h e mo st e xc e s

i n b ed

r e

ks

d fe l t

an

s,

w ee

r ee

d i s appe ar e d ,

h i s p o st u

a t u r e an

e n e

t ot a y

mac i at i on

on e

th

fo r g e t fu

an as ar c a

in

mO P A T H I C A

H OM

ly

n e ar

n at u r a

(B l a cka l l

O bs er v

on

an

g e d 5 0 t o o k t h e t i n c t u r e i n me d i ci n al d o s e s fo r
w h i c h pr o d u c e d t h e fo ll o w i n g sympt o ms :
ab o u t t w en t y d ay s
t h e pu l s e w h i ch d u r i n g t h e fo r me r u se o f t h e me d i c i n e h a d l e s
a mi n u t e s an k t o al mo s t h al f i t s
s e n e d by t en o r ft e e n b e at s i n
T h e pat i e n t w as t o r men t e d by t h e mo st pai n fu l
su al n u mb e r
d i s qu i e t u d e so t h at e v e n i n t h e n i gh t h e l e ft t h e b e d e v e r y
mo men t ; c o u l d n o t sl e ep an d w i t h h i s e y e s O p en c o n v e r s e d
A man

wit h

pu

per s o n

w er

pi ls w e r e d il at e d , t h

li d s w as r e d
v i o l e n t t h i r st
t i on
e

wh

w er

e s can

vi d e t ly t h e
n

d d r yn

an

e ffe c t O

f th

e ss

mo u t h

of u r I n e

D i gi t li

A t th

j u n c t i va b o t h
li t t le appet i t e

c on

s e cr e t i o n

p e r t i e s, di sappe ar e d i n
p

h ad b u t

pr e s e n t

n ot

b ou t

h owi n
d ay

sa

th

Th

th

it s

es e

an

d th

h
p

en o

me n

mu l at i ve

ac c u

(M ed

th

g r e at n au s e a
al v i n e e v acu a

wi th

n c r e ase d

s, s

si x

of

t i me

me

G az

v ol

a,

r o

xxxi

Dr
i n s t an
t in

W i lli ams

c e of a

G az

v ol

wi t h

i p
.

ou

d,

in

t th

t wo

e s

qu es t i o n abl e
h avi n g t ak en t w o

po n

k e n bu t ch er

r e at e

D i gi t li

c t u r e of

su c c e ss o n

dr u n

u n

d o s es,

li g h t e st

in

con

an

v en i en c e

co

ou

gh

mpl e t e i t
,

th

is

th

or

i t y,

ou n ce s o f

e a ch

e n su

in

th

qu i c k

in

an

(M ed

M E D I C A L US E S (H O M CE O P A T H I C ) H

A lt h

o u n ce

au

fo ll o w i n

su

f ci en

t t

l gu e

c at a o
ve
r
o
p

th

at

ma n n s obser vat i on s
o f sy m t o ms i s far fr o m
p
a

in

hn

al l

th

e ch r o n

i c d i s e ase s

y si ci an s h av e s u c ce e d e d i n c u r i n g by Di gi t ali s t h e y
h av e c on s t an t ly ac t e d h o mcn o pat h i c al l y w i t h o u t b e i n g aw ar e o f
i t ; b u t t h e i n n i t e ly g r e at e r n u mb er o f c as e s i n w h i c h t h e y
h av e fai l e d w i t h t h i s po w er fu l pl an t mu s t n o t b e se par at e d fr o m
t h o s e i n w h i ch i t h as b ee n di r e c t e d ag ai n s t t h e
at h o l o g i c al
p
n a mes o f di s e as e s
W h i le t h e y c on
p u r e ly fr o m c o n j e c t u r e
th

at

ph

t in

to

u e

th

act

I G I T A LI S P U R P U R E A

25 3

h o md aopat h y , ac c o r d i n g t o i t s d o ct r i n e o f
i t w h er e al o n e i t c an b e u se fu l, an i mmen s e

u s,

l g i e s appli e s
a d v an t ag e o v e r t h e o r d i n ar y me t h o d
A small par t o f a d r o p o f t h e qu i n t i l li on t h o r
d e c i lli o n t h d i l u t i o n w i ll o ft en b e fo u n d e v en t o o
an a o

h o moeo pat h i c

u se s

(M a t

M ed P

u r a

r at h er
st r o n

th

fo r

u ses t h e mo s t
l
xgl
v
e
F
u
a
c
a
o
o
e
D
i
l
i
s
u
r
r
e
i
t
a
p p
( g
)
p p
e x c e s si v e d i s g u s t at fo o d
D u r i n g i t s c on t i n u e d u se t h e r e for e
r av e n ou s h u n g e r n o t u n fr e qu e n t ly e n su e s
I t c au s e s a k i n d o f
men t al d er an g e men t w h i ch i s n o t e asi ly r e c o gn i sabl e as i t
o n l y sh o w s i t s e l f i n
u n mean i n g w o r d s r e fr ac t o r y d i s o si t i o n
p
O b st i n a c y c u n n i n g
d i so b e d i e n c e i n cl i n at i o n t o r u n aw ay e t c
N o w as i n addi
w h i ch i t s c o n t i n u e d u se fr e qu e n t ly pr e s e n t s
t i o n t o t h e s e i t pr o d u c es i n i t s d i r ect ac t i on v i o l e n t h e ad a ch e s
gi dd i n ess pai n i n t h e st omach g r eat d i mi n u t i on o f t h e vi t al
a
r s sen s e o f di ss o l u t i o n an d t h e n ear a pr o ac h O f d e at h
o
w
e
p
p
d i mi n u t i on o f t h e r api d i t y o f t h e h e ar t s mo t i o n by o n e h al f
as i ly b e g u e ss e d
an d r e d u c t i o n o f t h e v i t al t e mpe r at u r e i t ma
e
y
i n w h at k i n d o f madn e ss i t w i ll b e o f s er vi c e an d t h at i t h as
i n fac t b e e n u s efu l i n s o me k i n d s o f t h i s d i s e ase man y O b s e r
o n ly t h e i r
v at i o n s t e st i fy
p ar t i c u l ar sympt o ms h av e n o t b e en
r e cor d e d
I n t h e gl an d s i t c r eat es an i t ch i n g an d pai n fu l s en
w h i c h ac co u n t s fo r i t s e f c ac y i n gl an d u l ar s w ell i n g s
s at i o n
I t pr o d u c e s as I h av e s e en i n ammat i o n o f t h e M ei b o mi an
glan d s an d i s a c er t ai n cu r e for su ch i n ammat i on s M o r e

Th

u r

ver

as

it

ppe ar s

to

d ep r e s s t h

c i r c u l at i on

so

d o es i t

se e

mto

x c i t e t h e ab so r b en t v e ss el s an d t o b e mo st ser vi c e able w h er e
b o t h ar e t o o t or pi d T h e fo r mer i t assi st s by vi r t u e of si mi
l ar i t y t h e l at t er by v i r t u e o f an t ag on i s m o f act i o n
B u t as t h e
d i r e ct act i on o f F o xgl o v e per si st s so l o n g (t h e r e ar e ex ampl e s
o f i t s l as t i n g v e or s i x d ay s
as an
an t ag o n i st i cally
m
i
t
ay
)
a c t i n g r e me d y t ak e t h e
cu r at i ve ag en t
l
e r man en t
ac
e
o
f
a
p
p
T h e l ast O b ser v at i o n i s i n r e fe r en c e t o i t s d i u r e t i c pr oper t y i n
d r o psy ; i t i s an t ag on i s t i c an d palli at i ve b u t n e v er t h e less
e n d u r i n g a n d v al u abl e o n t h at ac c o u n t mer e ly
e

2 54

FLO R A
In it s

it is

s e c on

th

n ot

e r e fo r e

(fe br i l e) pu ls e
F o xg

lo v e

d ar y

su

r at

o d u c es
r
p

it

ac t o n

so

bu t

H OM

mO P A T H I C A

c au s e s a s

mall h

ar

i t abl e fo r p at i e n t s w h

fo r

er

su c h

i n i t s d i r e ct

as

ac t i on

ve

slo w

r a
p

pu
so

l se
s i mi l ar

i d pu

d,

ve

l se li k e

ft

Th

wh

at

e c on

amo n g t h e
l
ac
e
p
an t i e pi l e pt i c r e me di e s ; pr o b ably i t i s u se fu l i n
e pi l e ps y o n ly
u n d er c er t ai n c o n d i t i o n s t o b e d e t er mi n e d by t h e o t h er mo r b i d
D u r i n g i t s u se o bj e c t s n o t u n fr e qu en t ly
s y mpt o ms i t pr o d u c e s
appe ar o f v ar i o u s c o l o u r s an d t h e s i h t b e c o me s o bs c u r e d ;
it
g
w i l l r emo v e si mi l ar affe c t i o n s o f t h e r e t i n a
I t s t e n d en c y t o

vu

l si o n

it

c au se s

l ar g e

in

as si

d o ses

gn

it

r o

du

di ar r h

ce

a c t e d , as

Ih

oea, s o

me t i me s

av e as c er

t ai n

ed ,

so ad

by

th

er se

to th

e ad d i t i o n

e cu r e,

is

f po t ash

co u n

t er

last s o c c asi on ally se v er al

d ays (t h e l o n g er i t s u s e i s c o n t i n u e d t h e l o n g e r l ast s t h e di r e c t
n o t t o b e l o st s i g h t
ac t i o n o f e ach d o s e a v e r y r e mar k abl e fac t
h
o w er r o n e ou sly t h o s e ac t w h o
r ac t i c e ) i t i s e vi d en t
of i n
p
w i t h t h e b es t i n t en t i o n s pr e s cr i b e i t i n s mal l b u t fr e q u en t l y
r e e at e d d o s es (t h e ac t i o n o f t h e r s t n o t h av i n g e x pi r e d b e for e
p
t h e y h av e al r e ad y g i v e n t h e si x t h o r ei g h t h ) an d t h u s i n fac t
t h e y g i v e u n w i t t i n gly an e n or mou s qu an t i t y w h i c h n o t u n fr e
qu en t ly c au se s d e at h
A d o se i s n ec essar y o n ly e v e r y t h r e e or at mo st e v e r y t w o
D u r in g
d ay s b u t t h e mo r e r ar e ly t h e l o n g er i t h as b e e n u se d
t h e c o n t i n u an c e o f i t s d i r e c t a c t i o n C i n ch o n a b ar k mu s t n o t b e
r es c r i b e d ; i t i n c r e ases t h e an x i e t y c au s e d by F o xgl o v e
as I
p

h av e fo u n d t o an almo st mor t al ag on y
D i gi
C L I N IC A L O BS E R V A T I O N S N oack an d T r i n ks (op
t ali s i n u e n c e s e spec i ally t h e sy mpat h e t i c g an gl i a an d t h e c ar d i ac
i
l
e xu s
I
t
s e s e c i ally s e r v i c e abl e i n
san g u i n e an d i n d o l en t
p
p
t empe r amen t s an d per so n s w i t h so ft mu sc l e s an d bl on d e h ai r as
w e ll as fo r s cr o fu l ou s i n di vi d u al s
G o u t y n o d o si t i e s (S ch u ber t )
I c t er u s w i t h mu c o u s v omi t i n g I c t er u s spast i cu s M or b u s
c aer u l eu s
w i t h g r e at an x i e t y
S e n s e o f s u ffo c at i o n e sp e c i ally
lyi n g d o w n
In cr e ase d ac t i o n of t h e h ear t H o ar sen e ss
on
d
an d d r
r o t h o r ax
s c i t es an d A n a
H
y
S
ch u l er )
A
c o u gh
(
y
A s th

di r e c t

ac t i o n

f F o xgl o v e
,

DI

G IT A L I S P U R P U R E A

25 5

(A t t omy r ) A ft er s c ar l et
fe v e r
O f t h e per i c ar d i u m
N e r v o u s fe v e r
w i t h pr o fu s e sal i v at i o n (L obet h a l )
D emen t i a w i t h an al t e r a
t i on o f t h e n o r mal s t at e o f t h e p u l s e (H a h n eman n )
M e l an
ch ol i a
S w elli n g o f t h e glan d s (H a h n ema n n )
M e r c u r i al
In ammat i o n
e cz e ma
w i t h p al pi t at i o n o f t h e h e ar t (S ebr on )
C at ar r h al scr ofu lo u s
o f t h e M e i b o mi an gl an d s (H a h n eman n )
fr o m or g an i c

l e si o n
D r o psy

s ar c a,

of t h e

e ar

an

ar

fu l o u

th

it ic in

ch

i l d r en

p at e n

se e s

D i ab e t e s
p

ec t o r

c ar
of

di t i s
th

(H

l pi t at i on

l eft

r on
s

wit h

ic

i de,

or

TI D O TE S

m
u m
c
g
r

l on g )

O pi u

h
ar

er

(S a ch s )

m (B ed d oes)

To

e ar

T en

di t i s

d i s e as es

of

th

es

F l ei s ch ma n

Ca

ph

mu s

ve si c ae
An

Ch

r on

e ar

t,

ic

es

gi n a

en

do

peci ally

th

An

ma

eu r i s

i ds

Vi n

C amph
s

ao r

or

g ar

(O t t o)

mall d o ses, N

t as ,

et c

M i lk ,

S w eet

d o se s,

ac

ot o

lar g e v e ss els e spe c i ally h yper

V al
e n l ar g e me n t o f t h e l e ft v en t r i cl e

e ar

r o si s ,

co ou r s

bi a i n s c r o
e sp e c i ally w h en
th e

Ph

g an i c

of

ou

i ou

th

ye s

A mau

an

e e

( Wu r m

s er o sa

or

V e g e t abl e

E th

va

an

wi t h

th

of

t l a u b)
of

P le u r i t i s

l ar d i se ase s o f t h

AN

ar

bj ect s

C h

t r o ph
vu

is

ammat i o n

u x

wi t h

fu si o n

Ci

et c .

n c

V omi ca

F oen

g alls (D u
(D u p u y )
Opi u m

on a

XXX
DR O S E R A
R ou n d
S

YM S D

N ON

Sm F l B r it
.

R a i i Sy

p 1 5 56
.

6 9, f i
.

F
Ru

v ol

p 35 6
.

vi

RE G
I

au w

ME F
S

at

R u ss

per

H R C

man

al

en

seg

men

I t al

ts

R A C E JE

IA

or o l

g sh ape d,
mi d dl e
-

r ou

gh

at

t ach

J ohn

sa sol i s,

so l e

Th

GY N I A

E XA

du

s on

al .

G er

ar cy

i s,

ar

d e,

1 1 6,

s ol eil

G er m :

R o ci a d a

Du t

L in

A L E S,

w i t h v e d eep-poi n t ed ,

pr i g h t

to th

di sh

r ou n

sh ape d

i n si d e

n u

di sh

r ou n

C ap s u l e eg g

S ee d s

men

G er

S t y l es

sh ape d , o f o n e

mer ou s mi n
,

t e, i n

v er sel y

o f e ach

v al v e , c h i e

th

in

(H

er

Th

ve

pl an t s, w i t h l eav e s cl ot h e d w i t h
cl e ft c a l y x, t h e c or o l l a o f v e pet al

ac e ou s
-

eau

t i fu l g l an d u l ar h

s, an

d th

PE

th

an

th

H L
AR

th

lim

l eav es

A
A

ea ves r adi cal

w as

capsu l e .

su

F r o m Opoa epos, d ew y

bi

e n

w il l

)
r ee

d i st i n g u i sh

d,

cu

l ar

pr i g h t , fou

or

h ai r y , l on g er
t i mes h i g h er t h an

oo t s t a l l cs

ve

by

Th

so

me

men

st a

sver se sec t i on

ec au s e

c over ed

bi

or

(B axt er )

A t r an

ly

n e ar

ppo se d

ow er
5

n ak e

S c ap es

separ at e

c on sequ en ce of

th

S eed s ch aff y

S T O R Y I t

F ig
c al y

so

ai r s

o n e - c el l e d ,

( met i me s fou r or v e) man y see d e d c ap su l e

t h i s fr om ot h er g en er a I n t h e s ame cl as s an d or d er

v al v e d

th

G R UI N

S p a m:

A B oss ol i n

p 4 02 ;

di f o l i a per en

r ot u n

p 35 6

v al v es

ed

P l

v e pet al s, w i t h ou t appen d ag e s
F i l amen t s v e t o ei g h t , aw l sh aped , as

t o ve

Sp

of

la

eg

of o n e s epal

DR

n ,

d e s, R o s

r on

or

86 8 ; L i n

r a ss

D e C an d

r ee

o or

S po n

seu

B or ell a
n

wor t ,

R u g i ad a d el

l on g er t h an t h e c al y x
l on g as t h e c al y x A n t h er s smal l
S t i g ma s cl u
s i x t o ei g h t , s impl e
w i t h f r om t h

abe l

ez n a a t r aw a.

r at h er

cel l ,

S al si s o r a
,

d o , R a i i Sy

r ot u n

p 41 0

fer i or

x in

B ot

au

PE N TAN
GE N

v ol

g l

D r o ser e a feu il l e s

S ol n

th

n en

maj or

sol i s

O r d er , D R O SE

fol i o

ca

R or i d a si ve R os

n ed

o s s ol i s

pil l ar i s, Poi/r

D r o ser a

Wi t h

p 34 6

di fol i a, E

r ot u n

You t h

r ot ,

r o s er a

db l at t r i g er, S on

Z on

R O T U N DI F O L I A

S u n dew R ed

l ea ved

pl an t s

wi t h g l an du l ar h

of

th

men ,

s,

th

er

ai r s.

me

e sa

ppear

as

h
p

an

y si ci an s
d pi s t i l s

of

th

Th

if

c over ed

wi t h

d ew, i n

DR

OS E R A

O T U N D I FOL I A

25 7

xt e en t h c en t u r y t h at t h e pe r man en t moi st u r e o f t h e S u n d e w
w o u l d b e an e x c e ll en t r e me d y t o r e st o r e v i t al mo i s t u r e i n pe r
s o n s l ab o u r i n g u n d e r c on su m t i on
st at e s
h
o wev er
e r ar d e
G
p
t h at t h o se w h o t o o k t h i s di s t i ll e d w at e r d i e d s o o n e r t h an t h o se
w h o w e r e t r e at e d by o t h e r me an s
T h e l a t e r ph i si t i an s h av e
t h o u gh t t h i s h e r b e t o b e a r ar e an d s i n g u l ar r e me d i e fo r al l
t h o s e t h at b e i n a c o n su mpt i o n o f t h e lu n g s an d e spe c i ally t h e
d i st i ll e d w at e r t h e r e o f ; fo r as t h e b e st d o t h k e e p an d h o l d fast
t h e moi st u r e an d t h e d e w an d s o fast t h at t h e e xt r eme d r y h e at
li k e
o f t h e su n c an n o t c o n s u me an d w as t e aw ay t h e s ame ; so
w i se men t h o u gh t t h at h e e r w i t h t h e n at u r al l an d l i ve ly b e at e
i n me n s b o d i e s i s pr es er ve d an d c h e r i sh e d
B u t t h e u se
si

th

e r eo f

each

an

r e aso n

x t r eme b i t i n g

h ew e t h t h

tr

e c on

ar

ie ;

b e an d t h at t h e d i st i ll e d
w at er i s n o t alt o g e t h er w i t h o u t t h i s b i t i n g qu al i t i e i t c an n o t
b e t ak e n w i t h s afe t i e : fo r i t h at h al so b e en o b s er v e d t h at t h e y
h ave s o o n er p e r i sh e d t h at u se d t h e d i s t i lle d w at er h e r e o f t h an
t h ose t h at ab st ai n e d fr o m i t an d h av e fo l l o w e d t h e r i gh t an d

o r d i n ar y c o u r s e o f d i e t
Q u i n c y (E n g l D i sp p 7 1 1 7 4 2) st at e s t h at t h e s e cr et i o n
fr o m t h e S u n d e w i s r e po r t e d t o c u r e t h e t oo t h ach e i f h el d i n
t h e mo u t h ; t o c u r e ma d n e ss i f h u n g ab o u t t h e n e c k ; t i e d ab o u t
t h e w r i st t o c u r e ag u e ; an d t o pr o mo t e d e li v er y i f r u bb e d o n
T h e D r o s er as c on st i t u t e d t h e s o l e i n g r e d i e n t o f
t h e ab d o me n
t h e famou s A qu a r o s al a o r S pi r i t Of S u n d e w an d w h i ch w as
for me r ly e xt o lle d as a spe ci c i n pl ag u e an d c on v u l si on s
The
u i ce
m
i
ed w i t h
m
i
k
i
s
x
l
It aly as a c osmet i c A s a
u se d i n
j
me d i ci n e i t h as b e e n u s e d i n pli c a po lo n i c a (B on g l i o) I n
me g r i m an d O ph t h almi a (B oer h a ave)
I n d i ffer en t ki n d s o f
c o u gh s ar i si n g fr o m b r o n ch i al at t a c k s
ph t h i si s an d o t h er d i s
e ase s o f t h e lu n g s (F or es t S ch en c/
c H ol l an d
Va l en t i n C h omel )
I n ch r o n i c ast h ma an d p alpi t at i on o f t h e h e ar t (O si an d er
fo r ,

s ee n

w i se t

ot h er

d ot h

it is

an

er

Vol h

D ES C

ra
R

I P TI O N

ow e r i n g

in

Ju

ly

r o se r a

an

d A

r ot u n

g u st

d i fo li a i s

Th

r oot

r en n
e
p

is

i al pl an t ,

br o u s

S t em

FLO R A

25 8

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

lmo st al w ays en t i r ely w an t i n g T h e l eaves ar e n u mer o u s o n

h ai r y fo o t st alk s d e pr e sse d n e ar ly c i r c u l ar o f a pu r pl i sh r e d
b eset w i t h r e d
T h e w h o l e d i sk b u t e spe c i ally t h e mar gi n
i n e x e d h ai r s w h i ch d i s c h ar g e fr o m t h e i r e n d s a d r o p o f vi sc i d
ac r i d u i d
T h e sc ap e i s fr o m t w o t o si x i n ch es i n h ei gh t
n ak e d
r ou n d
u pr i gh t
an d s mo o t h
t er mi n at e d by a si mpl e
o pi n g o r r e v o

h
i
s
d
r
o
i
l

so
m
e
t
i
m
e
s
b
d
c
s
r
o
o
w
r
s
w
h
i
c
u
t
e
f
e
(
)
l u t e w h e n gr ow i n g
B r a c t eas aw l sh ape d d e ci d u o u s o n e
e w i t h e p e t al s v e
l
k
i
u n d e r e ach
a
r
t
i
a
a
l
o
w
s
w
h
t
s
t
F
l
er
p
an d si x
s t amen s
T h e p i s t i l s ar e s ai d t o b e al w ay s
pi st i ls
d ou bl e t h e n u mb e r o f t h e v al v es o f t h e c apsu l e i n e v er y kn o w n
D r o ser a T h e o w er s ar e sel d om se e n i n an e xpan d e d st at e
L i n n aeu s say s t h at t h e y o n ly o pe n at n i n e i n t h e mo r n i n g an d
T h e l e av e s h av e a pecu l i ar pr o pe r t y o f en t r ap
c l o se at n o o n l
n g i n sec t s lik e t h e D i on e a mu s ci u l a
i
p
p
G E OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I B U T I O N
T h e D r o ser a r o t u n d i fo li a i s
i n d i g e n ou s i n G r e at B r i t ai n F r an ce G er man y I t aly an d o t h er
W
i
d
e n o w e n u mer at e s t e n s e ci es w h i ch ar e
r t s o f E u r o pe
l
a
p
p
fou n d i n A si a N o r t h an d S o u t h A mer i ca N ew H o ll an d an d
t h e I n di an A r c h i p e l ag o
L oc A L I T I E s I n mo ssy t u r fy b o g s
I n t h i s c ou n t r y i t i s
fo u n d g en er ally amo n g S ph agn u m
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D I C I N E A N D M O D E OF P R E P A R A T I O N
F o r h o moeo pat h i c pu r po se s w e t ak e t h e w h o l e pl an t g at h e r e d
i n J u ly ; e xpr e ss t h e j u i c e an d t r e at i t li k e o t h e r fr e sh pl an t s
H ah n e man n d e cl ar e s t h at su c cu ssi o n i n cr e ase s t o a gr e at ext en t
t h e me d i c i n al po w er o f t h e j u i c e O f D r o ser a an d t h er e fo r e g r e at
c ar e mu st b e t ak en i n pr e ar i n g t h i s d r u g
p
P H YS I OLOG I C A L E FF E C T S O n A n i ma l s R ay (o p ci t ) men
t i o n s t h at t h i s pl an t i s su ppo s e d t o pr o d u c e i n t e st i n al d i s e as e
i n sh ee p ; h en c e t h e o r i gi n o f o n e o f i t s pr o vi n ci al n ame s R ed
r ot
Vi b or g (A bh f ur T h i er A r z t ) g ave D r o ser a t o a sh ee p
d ai ly fo r t h r ee w e ek s w i t h o u t pr o d u c i n g an y d el e t er i o u s e ffe c t
O n M an T h e w h o l e pl an t i s ac r i d an d su ffi c i en t ly cau st i c
t o er o d e t h e S k i n
B u r d ac h (A r z n ei m v o l i i i p 1 0 5 1 82 0)
a

DR

th

s t at es

th

at

th

th

at

j u i ce

b o w el s sw e at
M E D IC A L U S E S

pr o d u

e c h e st , r a w n e s s

is

r o s er a

O SE R A

in th

O T UN D I FOLI A

ce s

sh u

th

r o at

d d i mi n i sh e d

an

d d er i n
,

cou

th

mo st

I t w as fo r me r ly

gh

sen se o f c o n s t r i c t i o n

sec r e t i o n

on e of

hn

259

a
e
o

mopt y si s pai n i n

u r in e

man n

s obs er va t i on s

me d i ci n al

p o w e r fu l

l
n ts
a
p

of ou r

x t er n ally b u t w i t h o u t su c c ess
i n c u t an eo u s aff e c t i on s an d i t s eems al so t o h av e b e e n t ak en
w i t h g r eat e r ad v an t ag e i n t e r n ally
M o d e r n pr ac t i t i on er s wh o
ac c o r di n g t o c u st o m h av e t r i e d o n ly l ar g e d o s e s h av e n o t v en
t u r e d u pon g i v i n g i t i n t er n ally fe ar i n g t o k i ll t h ei r p at i en t s
an d h av e t h e r e fo r e r ej ec t e d i t
I r st u se d t h e t r i l li on t h d i l u t i o n b u t h ave si n c e pr o c ee d e d
as fa r as t h e d ec i ll i on t h
A v e r v Small po r t i o n o f a d r o p O f t h i s li q u o r t h at i s t o say
o n e o r t w o gl o b u l e s ar e a d o s e u n d e r h o moeop at h i c c o n d i t i on s
Th u s fo r e x ampl e a si n gl e d o se s u fc e s fo r t h e h o moeo pat h i c
c u r e o f t h e e pi d e mi c h o o pi n g
C L I N IC A L O B S E R V A T I O N S N oa ck an d T r i n ch s (o p
D r o se r a appe ar s t o b e e spe c i ally se r vi c e abl e i n ph l e g mat i c t em
er ame n t s i n c h i lly i n d i v i d u al s an d su c h as ar e pr e d i s po se d t o
p
Dr o ser a may b e
t h e h e mo r r h oi d al an d i n ammat or y d i at h e si s
di s ease s pr e v ai li n g d u r i n g an epi d emi c o f h o o pi n g
u s e fu l i n
In t er mi t t en t fe ver s w i t h mu ch sh i v er i n g P all o r o f
c o u gh
t h e fac e an d i c y c o l d n ess o f t h e h an d s an d fee t w i t h b i li o u s
v o mi t i n g fo llo w e d by h e at an d vi o len t h e ad ach e C o n st an t
P ai n
d r yn ess o f t h e e y e s an d n o se (C a sp a r i )
sn e e z i n g w i t h
i n t h e fac e (pr o so pal gi a) i n c r e ase d by c o n t ac t an d mo v e me n t
h
o o pi n g c o u gh
H
a r t l a u b)
i
n
l
y
g
u
r
J
a
r
B
h
oea
d
a
o
o
d
di
r
r
h
(
(
)
H o o pi n g c o u gh i n t h e se c o n d an d t h i r d st age H o opi n g c ou gh
w i t h bl e e di n g fr o m t h e n o s e an d mo u t h
H o opi n g c o u gh aft er
c ou n t r

u sed e

Th

t o g i ve
an

ot

effec t

e cu r e

a s ec on

cer

th

pr ov e d t o

me

t ain t o t ak e pl c e i n
a

d d o se

medi ci n al

er

of

is

r st

soon
su

aft er

bt

d o s e,

s an ce

an

th

wh

ev en

seven

r st

at ev er

or

It is

d ay

n ec ess ar y

s, c ar e

to

bt

bi

e n

s ai n

g t ak en

c on sequ en c es ,

n ot

f r o m g i vi n g

wh i ch w ou l d i n fall i l y pr ev en t t h

c a u s e ser i o u s

n in e

g ood

as ex er i en ce
p

as

26 0

FLO R A

me asl es

g c o u g h i n al t er n at i o n w i t h C i n a an d S u lph u r
H o o pi n g c o u gh w i t h mu c h r at t li n g o f mu c u s i n t h e
b r o n ch i al t u b e s (S ch r bn ) (K n or r e st at e s t h at D r o se r a i s o n ly
r on ic br on
u s e fu l i n t h e c on v u l si v e s t ag e o f h o o pi n g c ou g h
h
C
)
.

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

oo

pi n

ch

it is

Ch

r on

ic h

o ar s e n e ss

l ar yn g e al ph t h i si s e t c

T
T
E
C ampl 1 0 r
N
I
DO
A
,

aft er

re

e
a
t
e
d
r
r
h
s
a
t
a
c
p

n c

i pi e n t

X XX I

D UL C A M A R A
O L A N UM
S
(

Woody
H

S YN

O N YM s

al

H i st

9 86

d en

B au h

e t c or

exu

p 1 09
.

G r ay N
N

at

AM E s

y l v est r i s, M

H
rr

or

u ss

m cau l e

exu

p 33 1
.

D ou

H C

l ess d eep,
sh ape d ,

tu

S O LA N

or

r ou n

S t i g ma

moot h

wi t h

mer ou

Th

en

A mar a

6 07

D u l camar a

or ell a,

D an

ss .

S ol at r o

B i t t er sO d e

Ju 8 8

P E N T A N D R IA

fr om ve t o t en
or o l

r e

of

la

ex,

pet al , w h

or

e el

pl ai t e d i n fou r , v e,
F i l mn en t s, fou r , v e ,
o

on e

mor e

bl

on

an

g ul

ar

co n

u n e u al , O pen

h o l l ow d o t

at

th

e ach

e en

of

t wo

c o n n ect e d

(o c c asi on all y mor e) cel l s

wi t h

S ee d s
par t i t i on
s, r ou n di sh , c o mpr ess e d , i m e dd e d i n pu l p, somet i me s min u t el y
E mbr y o (acc or di n g t o D e C an d ol l e) spi r al ; di st i n g u i sh ed fr om

esh

r ecept acl e

to

th

mon

x of

ow er i n g

F r om du l c i s ,

pl an t w h

51 4

er

m,

g en er a b y
o r d er , b
y t h e c al y

F ig

et h ,

S 0 13 n

wi t h

d ot t e d
ot

E ZE

met i mes

i n g b y t w o por es at t h e apex G er men

S t y l e t h r e ad Sh aped , l on g er t h an t h e st amen s, d e ci d u o u s
B er r y r o u n di sh , o r eg g sh aped ,
l u n t , si mpl e, or n ot ch e d

so

g,
di sh

v er g in

n u

B i u ki

I t al

p poi n t ed , e u al , r at h er d eep seg men t s

si x, sh or t , aw l sh a e d
A n t h er s mu ch l on g er ,
p

or si x sh ar

G er m : Bi t t er su

al

i p 265

D an

or ell e .

y x i n fer i or , of on e sepal , i n
C
a cu t e s eg men t s , per man en t
mu ch l on g er ,
e v er y sh o r t l i m

AR

p 6 1 9 ; C a mer E p i ,
i p 1 02 8
S ol an u m

v ol

vol

en eh

v ol

5 7 5 ; F l or

M O N OGY N I A
GE

o so

G l y c y pi g r o s si ve A mar a d u l ci s, F
fr u t es cen t e, fol n s su pr emi s t r i par t i t i s

sl adk og or sk i ,

Wi l d

mer e

O r d er , L U R I D JE , L i n

o sa,

Vu lg

R a i i Sy

'

ce- a

P asl en

D ol camar g a

mar a

1 76

P l

S t i r p H el v

vo l

ca

at t h

al

F r
P

Du l

D u l c amar a exu

MA R A )
-

s s

S ol an

c eol at i s,

B i t t er r o et

at

24 2

Vi t i

D u l camar a

B i t t er -sweet , F el l on wood

or

d at o l an

h
t
sh a d e
g

m Du l camar a L i n /n Sp
D u l c amar a B a u h H m ,

RE G

Sp an
Du t

v ol

o sa,

35 0 6

s eu

S ol an

sc an

So l an u ml i g n osu ms eu

v0 1

d u l ci s, G er

D UL C A

a
le

ch ewed

sweet

opet al ou s ,

fr om ve t o t en

st e

an

Th

moun

c or ol l a ;

i n fer i o r
seg

fr u i t

bi t t

men t s t h
,

er , o w in

Th

in t h

e r oot

g to th

wh

me

e sa

cl as s an

eel - sh ape d c or o l l a ,

pecu l i ar avou r

of

th

FLO R A

26 2
th

b
S PE

e an

er r

i n g b y t wo por es at t h
mor e c ell s (B a xt er )

th

er s O pen

of

tw

or

H S t
AR

sh ape d , u

pper

m sh r u bby

on e s

ast at e

mar a

ca

er

xx v

th

sa

en

A an

sA os

bu t u s

w or

e r ou n

di sh

of

or n s

L eaves h

ear

r st u n d ou b t e d n o t i c e of
Tr agu s (Spr en g H i s t R ei

th

C i l o c at r a

o t h er s

of

th

g el (op ci t ) st at e s i t t o be
A bb e ss Hi l d eg ar d o f B il
.

ia,

u se

r eco

i ct er u
,

d,

j au n d i c e

s,

vo

l i

sa

an

or

ys

s,

th

r et en

d er s t h
at

j u i ce

fr o m t h

t d i s e as e s

e r b r an c h e s
g
y
H all er
t h e s e cr e t i o n s
o w er s o f B e ll ad on n a
p

llen s u r i n am su d or em men se s
c h i e y r e c o mmen d e d i t i n r h e u
et

f th

l o ch i or u m

It

ki n by

d Si r A l e x an d er

an

ou n

pe

i t pr o mo t e s al l
O f t h e mi l d e r

men si u m

o t h er s

as

tio

men d e d i n di er en
x, an

r
a
sc
o
n
i
o
m
h
t
h
i
i
n
eu
s
i
s
er
,
,
p
p
p
M u r r ay
su d o r i c an d t on i c

mmen d e d i t i n

b ser ves t h at i t par t ak es

B er gi u s (M a t M ed
1 3 1)

lo ch i a spu t a mu n d i c an s ;
mat i smu

S pr e n

wh

ou

ks

th

ou

mose

s c
y

P er ei r a, t h

R ay

d th

gai n ( C h r i s t D i sp ) h av e c on fo u n d e d t h e
o r V i t i s syl v e st r i s o f D i o s c o r i d e s wi t h t h e B i t t er
ay g
A s a me d i ci n e i t w as r st b r o u gh t i n t o n o t i c e b y B o er

be

i g z ag , wi t h

C l u s t er

to
th

m D u l c amar a

as

(A pp M ed
to

an

i lst

; wh

aav e ,

mi t y

me

sw e e t

in

occ u r s

S o lan

is th

ext r e

i p
D o d on mu s an d H ar d ou i n (a d P l i n H N
p 6 8 ) con si d er t h at t h e K u u xa mvos s r sg a o f D i o s c o r i d es

v ol

H I S TO R Y A c c or di g
Dul

H O M CE O P A T HI C A

L in

w as

n a
e u s,

C r i ch t o

r e co

ar r er e ,

st at es

th

at

lepr a g r aec o r u m o n ly t w o r e si s t e d
i t s ac t i o n
B at eman al so d e clar es t h at i t i s a mo st effe ct u al
t h i s d i se ase ; an d R ay er (T r ea t of D i s of S ki n
r e me d y i n
I Vi l l i s ) h as u s e d i t w i t h ad v an t ag e i n e c z ema an d psor i asi s
P er ei r a (o p ci t ) fou n d i t u sel e ss i n t h ese d i s e as e s
D e H ae n
( Va l M ed T om ) emplo ye d i t i n c r amps an d c on v u l si o n s
C ar r er e an d S t ar k e i n c o r y z as an d d i s e ase s pr o d u c e d by d amp
C h r o n i c c at ar r h by V o g t I n h y st er i a an d h ypo
an d w e t
H ar t man n B o ecl er K ii h n et c I n
c h o n d r i asi s by G e o ffr o y
u o r alb u s by C ar r er e an d K ii h n ; an d by o t h er s i n c at ar r h al
fe v e r
blen n or r h oea i n ammat i on (er ysi pel as) o f t h e ski n
ou

Of

t w en t

th

c as e s o f

r ee

i sch

u r

i a, h emor r h o i d al

at

mo r al

M ed

D ES C

fr o m J u n

a
g
ve
)

ast h

ma

an

ULC A M A R A

af e c t on s , e t c

i n fu si o n

an

d d r o psy

263

et c

f th

Dr

lks

P e ar son

b en e t

wit h

st a

(Sy n op

in

I P T I O N Th i s b e au t i fu l a

b o w er s
T h e s t em sh r u bby
r oo t i s w o o d y
t h i n ly se t w i t h s mall po i n t e d t u b e r
gr o w i n g w h en su ppo r t e d t o t h e
n

d w ell

kn o w n

sh r u

g u st T h e
so me w h at c li mb i n g b r an ch e s
c l es
sl i g h t ly an g u l ar
an d
h e i gh t o f fr o m e i g h t t o t en fe e t
T h e br a n ch es ar e al t e r n at e
t h e y o u n g er o n e s o f a
l
l
r
o n es co v er e d
u
r
i
s
h
h
u
e
t
h
e
o
w
e
p p
w i t h a g r e yi sh gr e e n b ar k
T h e l ea ves ar e al t e r n at e d ac u t e
on
l e af st alk s g en er ally smo o t h t h e l o w e r o n es e g g or h e ar t
sh a e d
t h e u ppe r on e s mor e o r l e ss pe r fe c t ly h alb er t S h a e d
p
p
al l e n t i r e at t h e mar g i n
F l ow er s i n b r an c h e d cl u st e r s e i t h e r
O ppo si t e t o t h e l eav e s o r t e r mi n al
pu r pl e w i t h t w o g r e e n t u b er
c l e s at t h e b as e o f e a ch s e g me n t
A n t h er s y e llo w l ar g e u n i t e d
i n t o a pyr ami d al o r c on e sh ape d g u r e
D r W i t h e r i n g o b se r v e s
t h at t h e an t h e r s o n t h e r st O e n i n g o f t h e o w er ar e e asi ly
p
s e ar abl e b u t t h at aft e r w ar d s t h e y b e c o me d r i e r an d t e ar w h i l s t
p
e n d e av o u r i n g t o d i su n i t e t h e m
B er r y e g g sh ape d br i g h t r e d
gl oss y bi t t er an d poi s on o u s R ay men t i on s a h ai r y v ar i e t y
g r ow i n g o n t h e so u t h er n c o ast o f E n gl an d B ax t er st at e s h i s
T h e wh it e
h avi n g se en t h i s v ar i e t y at D or t o n i n O xfo r d sh i r e
o w er e d v ar i et y h as b e en n o t i c e d ab o u t G lasg o w by M r H o p
ki r k an d n e ar O xfo r d by M i s s B axt er
GE OG R A PH I C A L D I S T R I BU T I O N
Tu mos t p ar t s o f E u r op e
G r e ec e an d as far n o r t h as N or w ay
L oc A L I T I E s V e r y g en er al i n mo i st h e d g e s an d t h i ck e t s o n
M o r e r ar e
t h e b an k s o f di t c h es an d so me t i me s o n o l d w all s
i n S c o t l an d an d Ir e l an d
PA R T S U S E D I N M ED I C IN E A N D M OD E 0 F PR E PA R A TI ON
Q u i n (P h a r H om ) o r d er s t h e j u i c e fr om t h e y o u n g b r an ch es
an d l e av e s O f t h e pl an t
J ah r
w h e n i t c o mme n c e s t o o w er
o r d e r s t h e fr e sh j u i c e e x pr e s s e d fr o m t h e pl an t b efo r e t h e o w e r
i n g s e aso n
B u t M u r r ay (A pp M ed v o l i p 4 24) s t at es t h at
t h e s en si bl e q u ali t i es o f t h e pl an t ar e s t r o n g e s t i n t h e au t u mn
e

Au

to

F L OR A

26 4
wh

th

en

g at h e r e d
s ai d
st e

th

in

wh

mn

tu

an

r at h er

th

on

th

as

e sa

ve

vy

t ir

is

ac c ou n

e s pr i n

Th

th

st e

e an n u a

it

ld

ou

be

e r o o t s ar e

ms

Th

es e

h
i
e as an t o d o u r
h
ch
t
ey
l
w
p
t ast e i s at r st b i t t er aft e r w ar d s

ea

u n

ly l o se by d r yi n g Th ei r
sl i g h t ly acr i d an d s w e e t !
P H YS I O L OG IC A L E F F E C T s O n
b er r i e s w e r e gi v en t o a d o g w h i ch

en

th

an

me pr o pe r t i e s

th

fr e sh h

en

falli n

ar e

e au

p o s se s s

ms

l e av es

H OM G OP AT H IC A

i mal s

Th i r t y

th

b e c ame mad an d d i e d
i n t h e spac e o f t h r e e h o u r s ; an d u p on o pen i n g t h e st o mach
t h e b e r r i es w e r e fo u n d t o h av e u n d e r g on e n o ch an g e by t h e
P
h
ar m
O
t
h
er s h av e st at e d
ow e r s o f d i g e s t i on (F l oy er
p
p
M D u v al
t h at n o e ff e c t h a s b e en pr o d u c e d by t h e s e b er r i e s
d
M
ed et E con
a S ol a n u m) h av i n g g i v e n v e r y l ar g e
at
i
s
t
M
H
(
d o s es b o t h t o an i mal s an d man w i t h o u t t h e i r pr o d u ci n g an y
d e l e t e r i o u s eff e c t
I n l ar g e d o s es S o l an u m D u l c amar a w i ll pr o d u c e
O n M an
n au se a
v e r t i g o syn c ope di ar r h oea e t c D r C r i ch t on fo u n d
t h at i n d e l i c at e p eo pl e an d h yst e r i c al w o men i t fr e qu en t ly pr o
d u c e d syn c o pe w i t h S li gh t p alpi t at i o n o f t h e h e ar t ac c o mp an i e d
o c c asi on ally by n au s e a an d
gi d d i n ess C h e v ali er (H i s t d es
so on

'

D r og u es , t

man
h

ii

i m w as pr o d u

2 29 ) s t at e s t h at

mer e ly by

e ad

c ar r

yi n g

n ar c o t s

bu n dle

th

ce

pl an t

is

d in

on

h is

Th

fo ll o w i n

i ll u s t r at e t h

c ase s

p o 1 so n

ou s

ac t i o n

f th

b er r i e s T w o ch i l d r en o n e ve y e ar s t h e o t h e r t h r ee an d a
h al f y e ar s o f ag e at e a fe w b er r i e s o f t h e D u lc amar a an h o u r
aft e r t h e y w e r e se i z e d w i t h e x cr u c i at i n g
ai n s i n t h e i n t e st i n e s ;
p
g r e at h e at i n t h e t h r o at an d ch e st ; c ou l d n o t b ear t h e sli gh t e st
pr essu r e o n t h e ab d ome n ; mu c h n au se a t h i r st an d pr o s t r at i on
o f s t r en g t h ; p u l sat i on s at t h e w r i s t v e r y fr e qu en t ; b r e at h i n g
pai n fu l an d h u r r i e d ; e v ac u at i o n s aft e r ad mi n i st e r i n g c ast o r o i l
g r e en sli my an d e x t r emely o ffe n si v e Th e s e sy mpt o ms g r a
.

i l

Th

fr o m t h

al k al i ,

er r i e s a r e

poi s on

m w ou l d b e

S ol an i a,

w h i ch

ou s , a n

w or t h y
exi s t s

of

in th

d poss es s

t r i al
e

Th

pl an t ,

v er y

ac t i ve

e a c t i ve

pr i n

mbi n ed

wi t h

co

pr epar at i on

pr oper t i es ;

c i pl e

ca

mal i c

f Du l
aci d .

mar a i s

an

du

ll y

d i s appe ar e d ,

d ay s

t wo

UL C A M A R A

d th

an

ch

26 5

i l d r e n w er e

qu i t e

r eco

v er e d

in

ll o w e d s o me o f t h e b er r i e s w as
se i z e d w i t h t h e s ame sv mpt o ms o n ly a c c o mpan i e d w i t h v i o l e n t
vomi t i n g an d pu r gi n g w i t h c o n t r act i on o f t h e ab d o mi n al mu s
a
u t
aft e r
r o r i at e
c l es
an d a
r o fu se s e c r e t i o n
b
o f s al i v a
p
p
p
p
t r e at me n t r e co v er e d
T w o o t h e r ch i l d r en d i e d fr o m b e i n g l e ft
w i t h ou t me di c al ai d fo r t w el v e h o u r s aft er t h e y h ad sw all ow e d
i )
v ol
t h e b e r r i e s ( W h eel er i n M ed B ot
M E D IC A L US E S (H O M CE O P A T H I C ) H ah n eman n s obser vat i on s
T h e Bi t t er s w e e t pr o d u c e s i n l ar g e d o s e s amo n g o t h er sy mp
t o ms g r e at sw e lli n g o f t h e a ffe c t e d par t s an d ac u t e pai n s an d
i n se n si b i l i t y o f t h e m al so par aly si s o f t h e t o n g u e (an d o f t h e
o pt i c n e r v e s
I n v i r t u e o f t h e l ast p o w er fu l ac t i o n i t i s n o t
t o b e w o n d er e d at t h at i t h as c u r e d p ar alyt i c affec t i on s amau
r o si s an d d e afn e ss an d t h at i t w i ll r en d er
st i ll mor e s e c i c
p
se r vi c e i n
ly
si s o f t h e t o n g u e i n mo d e r at e d o s e s
v
a
r
a
I
n
ir t u e
p
r e me d y i n c h r o n i c r h eu
o f t h e t w o r st
r o e r t i e s i t i s a mai n
p p
mat i s m an d i n t h e n o c t u r n al p ai n s fr o m t h e ab u se of mer c u r y
I n c o n s e q u en c e o f i t s p o w er O f c au si n g st r an g u r y i t h as
b e en u s efu l i n O b st i n at e g on or r h oea fr om i t s t en d en c y t o br i n g
i t sh o w s i t s u t i li t y i n
t h e sk i n
a b ou t i t ch i n g an d sh o o t i n g i n
man y cu t an e o u s e r u pt i on s an d o l d u l c er s e v en su ch as ar i s e
A s i t c au s e s i n l ar g e d o ses Spasms
fr o m t h e ab u se o f mer c u r y
o f t h e h an d s li ps an d e y e li d s as al s o sh aki n g o f t h e li mb s w e
may e asi ly u n d er st an d h ow i t h as b e en u sefu l al so i n sp asmo d i c
I n n y mph o man i a i t w ill pr o b ably b e o f u s e as i t
affe c t i o n s
ac t s s o sp ec i c ally o n
t h e fe mal e o r g an s an d h as t h e po w er
i n l ar g e d o s es i t ch i n g an d pai n s i n t h e s e par t s
o f c au si n g
A

ch

i ld ,

aft er

vi g

sw a

(H a h n ema n n

ess

Wr i t

D u dg eon

b een fo u n d c u r at i v e i n t h e follo w i n g affec t i on s

b o r i n g an d b u r n i n g pai n i n t h e for eh e ad ; sen sat i o n as of a
b o ar d b ei n g i n fr on t o f t h e fo r eh ead ; sc r ofu l ou s O ph t h almi a ;
c r u st a l ac t e a ;
c o u gh
w i t h h o ar s en ess
i n c i pi en t amau r osi s
c at ar r h
o f t h e bla
d d er w i t h di f cu l t y o f mi c t u r i t i on
a sor t o f
It h

as

2 66

FL O R A

g h c on se qu en t
li mb s c o n s e qu en t u po n c o l d

oo

v ol

pi n

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

c ou

co

n
o
p

et c

ld ;

et c

di n

r en

th e

in

i
p

a n

(H ah n em C r on K r a n h

i ii )
.

IC A L O B S E R VA T I O N s
D u lc amar a i s e spe ci ally s er vi c e
i
d
c r o fu l o u s
so r i c
e b il i t at e d c on
l
d
abl e i n
t
or
s
h
e g mat i c
p
p
p
i n d i v i d u al s w i t h r e st le s s i r r i t abl e d i spo si t i o n
st i t u t i o n s
an d
D u lc amar a i s e spe c i all y i n di c at e d i n pai n s w h i ch i n cr e ase i n
i
s al s o i n d i
t
I
r o po r t i o n as t h e affec t e d p ar t s ar e k e pt qu i e t
p
c at e d i n i n di v i d u al s li ab l e t o c o n s t an t at t ac k s o f c o l d a n d i n all
affec t i on s o r i g i n at i n g i n su d d en c o l d o wi n g t o d amp o r c o l d ai r
C

LIN

or

w et

e as e s

so

in

A cu t e

an

Al

met as t ases o f
d

bn o r mal

wi t h

ch r on

ic

s ecr e t o n s

mat i sm,

eu

aff e c t i o n s o f

th

A cu t e

an

an

mu

cu

c ou s

c h r on

ic

an e o u s

dis

memb r an
r

eu

e s,

mat i sm

lysi s e speci all y fr om met ast as es D r opsy foll o w i n g agu e

L i ch en si mpl e x
H y d r ar gyr o si s
S e qu e lae o f me asl e s
A cu t e
an d ch r o n i c u r t i c ar i a
N e t t l e r ash w i t h fe v er
(K n or r e st at e s
P em
t h at D u l c amar a i s spe ci c ag ai n st ch r on i c u r t i c ar i a)
h
i
i
t
h
i
o l en t t h i r st
C
r u st a
v
I
u s
w
et c
m
e t i g o u r at a
p g
p
g
l ac t e a e t ser pi gi n o sa S u ppu r at i n g h u mi d c o r r o si v e h er pes
E c z e ma aft er g e t t i n g w e t
fo r mi n g d r y cr u st s
W ar t s e spe
c i al l
on t h e fac e
R
h
e u mat i c fe v e r
h
c on
P
u ls
n d Br
i
A
a
w
t
y )
y
C eph alalgi a e spe ci ally aft er g et t i n g w et ; e speci ally v i ol en t
st u
C eph a
pi fy i n g h e a d ach e w i t h t e ar i n g p ai n s i n t h e li mb s
Oph t h almi a n e omo n t an u m A n gi n a
l al g i a aft er a fai n t i n g t
t on si ll ar i s fr o m c o l d
R h eu mat I c Ir r i t at i o n
S t at u s pi t u i t o su s
o f t h e i n t e st i n al c an al
In ammat or y sw elli n g o f t h e i n g u i n al
gl an d s b r ou gh t on by c ol d e speci ally w h en mo v i n g t h e fe et
an d t r yi n g t o w alk
C at ar r h al r h eu mat i c an d mu cou s d i ar r h oea
b r ou gh t on by c ol d o r w e t C h r on i c d i ar r h oea aft er a c ol d
C at ar r h of t h e bl ad d er
I sch u r i a e spe c i ally wh en c o n se
qu en t on a c o l d o r aft er h avi n g d r an k c ol d li qu i d s G o n o r
r h oea s e cu n d ar i a i n scr o fu l o u s i n d i v i d u al s
F l u or alb u s r o d en s
P

ar a

A st h ma h
h

e ad

as

aft er

mi d u m

Ho a

r s en e s s, an

vi o l

en

b eco me moi st

co
an

ld

d th

oo

pi n

mor e

se

of

sen se

cou

gh

con

fu si o n i n

lly

e spec i a

ver e sympt oms

wh

en

th

it

v b een

a e

D UL C A M A R A

r e

mo v e d by

i n g pai n
r at i on
.

op

it

AN

ot

in th

h er
e

me d i e s

li mb s

)
.

n a

n c

i pi e n t ph t h i si s

lly i n

e spec i a

T o l ar g e

d o s e s , B e lla d on

Ip

g ai n st C u pr u m

Rh eu mat i sm o f t h e j

T IDO T E s

t i dot e

r e

e cac .

th e

i t s,

et c

o n

d o s e s,

2 67

V i o l e n t t e ar

fe e t , w i t h mu ch pe r spi

(N

et c.

C a bo
r

n at e o

er c u r i u s

oack a n

f P o t ass a

D u l c amar a

d T r i n ks ,

To

is

an

mall
an

XXX II
E UP H O R BI A

OF F I C I NA R UM

O ci n al E up h or bi u m,
S

H i st
11

I c on

F
ph

b i en h

ar z

at

bi

or

ME

m pol y g o n u m spi n

t en

W o lf smi l ch

O r d er , T R

iu

m g u mmi

bi

el l a

ph

pl an t a , L

ph

or

bi

o b.

o su

I c on

a o i c i n ar u

in

ii t

m c er ei

Ar

or

I t al

e.

an

H F l

ph or i u m
A h al n afsah , F a sfr y u n

Du t

a b.

I C O C C JE

c oll ect e d

o w er s

AR

vo l u c r u

for k e d

c o n si s t i n

ma l es

r u

it h

o f on e

mon oeci ou s

in

PE

in g ,

C
e

H R A
A

u al

n ak e

d,

i ii

c u l e at e d , n ak e d ,

bu s

ph

mi di a

or

A u g u st u

an

or

bi

B ai i

A c t A c a d S ci en

P l

6 4 7 ; Pl en ch

for i o

D an

S h a dr y ku l l i epaal

P r eu st k ad a

J u ss

G er m : E

O N CE C I A

e ad s ,

a l es

su r r o u n

d e d by

w h i ch h

s,

k ed,

n a

an

av e e xt er

mo n

an

d r ou

femal e, w h i ch i s i n

th

s,
e

m st al k ed S t i g mas t h r ee
i n v ol u cr u m c on si st i n g o f t h r ee c ell s
O v ar i u

e ach

an

an

g l ed

t ai n i n g

c on

on e su s pen

ded

man y

i ck l es i n pair

s, spr ead

c ap

ph

t ar y

g i n g ou t o f t h e
a ck w i t h el ast i c i t
y

H I S TO R Y Th i s pl an t
(l i b

s ol i

l eaf w i t h v e di vi si on

an

u r s t in

g at t h e
see d (L i n d l e )
y

tre

Sp

T am

U P H O R B I ZE

ly

c en

L in

S w ed

v e g l an d s al t er n at i n g w i t h t h em M
ar t i c u l at e d , w i t h t h ei r pe d i cl e su r r o u n di n g t h
n al

g i e, I sn

ei

m,

25

d Sp a m: E

MON A N DR IA
GE

RE G

or

or

3 8 5, 1 7 20

36 5

ph

1 0, p

ph

or

ph

8 72

iv

Y MS
E

N ON

Sp u r g

or

is

A s eov

th e

d is

su

t ov
B
pe

svc o

ppo se d t o d er i v e i t s

D i o sc o

i d es

me fr o m

n a

y si c i an o f J u b a ki n g Of M au r i t an i a a n d
E u ph o r b u s w as b r o t h e r t o M u sa ph y si c i an t o
th

ph

C ae sar
F ig

C aesar

Th e

r ai se d a s t at u e

c o r ol l a.

Th

to M

g er men

an

u sa

Ju ba

d pi st il s

me d

n a

th

i s pl an

it !

e v an u

aft e r

d e st r u i po t e s t

Th
a

th

fo u n d

fo ll o w i n
an
ou

h
p

o r bi

(C r i t

or

er

B ot

i s P li n

bu s

t e m p er

au

fo r efat h

ou r

U PH O R B I A OFF I CI N A R U M

ph

bi

du

m
M
j
a

r r at

ys

er s

h
p

st at u a

u sa
e

p er e n

n at

n ec

pe r i i t !

u n

qu

ac c o u n

f t h i s pl an t

d ay s , J u b a,

b i a w h i ch
u
ph o r b u s b r o t h e r

26 9

or

ki n g

of

so

ca

lle d

l o n g er

au r

i t an i a,

aft er

h is

l ear n e d M u sa
h
si t i an
h
s ai d
t
o
A
u
g
s
u
s
sa
r
l
i
f
O
f
t
e
u
t
C
m
w
h
o
s
a
e
d
t
h
e
e
v
p y
e mpe r o r
Th e se t w o b r e t h r en
as h er e t o fo r e I h av e d e cl ar e d
h
si t i an s j o i n e d t o e t h er i n
ll
g
av e di r e c t i o n
f
or
c
ou
n
s
a
n
d
e
p y
g
t o w ash t h e b o d y al l o v er i n mu ch c o l d w at e r
aft e r t h e h o t
b ai n e o r st ou ve t h er e by t o k n i t an d bi n d t h e po r e s of t h e ski n ;
fo r b efo r e t h e i r t i me t h e man e r w as t o t ak e i n h o t w at er o n ly
se e
a s w e ma
B u t n ow t o r et u r n
pl ai n ly i n t h e po e t H o me r
y
u p t o o u r h er b
E u ph o r b i a : t h e fo r e sai d ki n g J u b a w r o t e on e
e n t i r e b oo k (at t h i s d a
o t h i n g el s b u t
e x t an t
i
h
d
o
t
h
n
h
w
er
n
e
y
)
e x pr e s sly se t fo r t h
t h e c o mme n d abl e v er t u es an d pr o per t i e s o f
H e fo u n d t h e same r st u po n t h e mou n t ai n
t h i s on e h er b
A t l as w h er e i t w as t o b e se en (sai t h h e ) b e ar i n g l e av es r e
sembl i n g B r an c u r si n
so st r o n g an d fo r ci bl e i t i s
t h at t h o s e
w h o r e c ei v e t h e j u i c e or li qu o r i s su i n g fr o m i t mu st st an d a
g o o d w ay off ; fo r t h e man er i s t o l an c e o r w ou n d i t r st an d
t h e n pr e sen t ly t o r et i r e b ac k e an d so at t h e en d o f a l o n g p o l e
t o pu t u n d e r i t a pai l e o r t r e y mad e o f ki d s or g o at s l e at h er
fo r a r e c e p t o r y i n t o w h i ch t h er e r u n n e t h fo r t h o u t o f t h e pl an t
i
i
s d r i e d an d
w
h
en
t
a w h i t e l i u o u r li k e u n t o mi lk e w h i c h
q
r o w n e t o g e t h er
r e s e mb l e t h i n sh e w a l u mpe o r mass O f fr an k
g
Th e y t h at h av e t h e g at h e r i n g o f t h i s j u i c e c all e d
i n c en se
E u ph o r b i u m n d t h i s b e n e t t h er e by t h at t h e y se e mor e c l e ar ly
t h an t h e y d i d b e fo r e : an e x c e ll e n t r e me d y t h i s i s ag ai n st t h e
v en o m o f ser pen t s fo r w h at par t so ev er i s st u n g or w o u n d e d
by t h e m mak e a li g h t i n ci si on u pon t h e c r ow n ! of t h e h e ad]
i t w i l l s u r ely cu r e i t
an d apply t h e r e t o t h i s e s t i mabl e l i q u o r
B u t i n t h at c o u n t r y t h e G e t u l i an s w h o c o mmon ly d o g at h e r
own

ph y si t i an

th

to

at

FLO R A

27 0

h
p

s o ph

or

bi u m

fo r

th

t h i s i mpo su

r e o

H O M CE UP A I H I C A

y b or d er u pon
mi lke H o w b ei t

th

at

g o at s

i st i c at e i t w i t h

'

th

r e w i ll

f t h e i r s, for t h at w h i ch i s

n ot

A t las ,

so o n

d e t ec t

ou n

i gh t b u t

c or r u

pt ,

yi el d a lo t h so me fu me an d st i n ki n g sen t
b
xx
v
ol l a n d s T r a n s
c ap v 11
i
s
t
H
t
H
a
N
p 2 22
(
N e i t h er D i o s c o r i d e s n or G al en t ak e an y n o t i c e o f i t s c at h ar t i c
r o p e r t i e s b u t P li n y d o e s a s d o e s al s o ZE l i u s P au l u s an d t h e
p
M e sn e p ar t i c u l ar ly r e c o mmen d s i t i n d i s
A r ab i an ph y si c i an s
i t wa s al s O e mpl o y e d i n asci t e s r h e u mat i sm
e as e s o f t h e O i n t s
an d l at er i n u l c e r s
ag u e par aly si s an d car i e s b e fo r e e x fo li at i o n
w a r t s ch r o n i c o ph t h al mi a amau r o si s d e afn e s s d i seas e s o f t h e
S c i at i c a (H en man )
h i p j o i n t (C h es el d en )
I t w as u se d i n
A t pr e sen t i t i s sel d o m
d r o p s y an d po d ag r a i n M o g ad or
t h i s c o u n t r y e x c e pt i n v e t er i n ar y
e mpl o y e d al l opat h i cal ly i n

wh

bu r n et h

it

en

dot h

me d i ci n

DE S C R I P T I O N
Th e
.

h e i gh t , si mpl e

m of t h i s

pl an t

st e

r i ses

fo u r

or

v e fe e t

b r an ch e d t o w ar d s t h e t op er e ct an gl e d o r
fu r r o w e d w i t h e i gh t o r mor e l o n gi t u d i n al ssu r e s T h e br a n ch es
as c en d ; t h e y ar e mo r e d i s
o o ff r s t h o r i z o n t al ly an d t h e n
g
t i n ct l y an gl e d t h an t h e st e m t h e an gl es n o t ch e d an d fu r n i sh e d
w i t h pr i ckl e s wh i ch ar e e v e r y w h er e i n pai r s ; t h e s e b r an ch e s
T h e i n vol u cr es ar e ses si l e
ar e e v e r yw h er e d es t i t u t e o f l e av e s
a n d ar i s e at t h e e x t r e mi t i e s o f t h e b r an ch e s i n t h e ax i l o f t h e
T h e i n v o lu cr e i s mon o ph yllou s b ell Sh ape d pe r si st en t
Spi n e s
or s e g men t s o f w h i ch
th e
an d d i vi d e d i n t o e i gh t o r t en t e e t h
fou r o r v e o u t er ar e t h i ck y e ll o w o b t u se spr e adi n g ; fo u r o r
v e alt er n at e an d i n n er o n e s smal l er o b t u se en t i r e an d
B a r r en or ma l e ower s ab o u t t w elv e e ach
d i r e ct e d i n w ar d s
c o n si st i n g o f a si n gl e c api ll ar y l amen t w h i c h s u pp or t s a gl o b u
F er t i l e or fema l e ow er a S i n gl e n ak e d
l ar t w o l o b e d a n t h er
t h r e e l o b e d su ppor t i n g a sh or t
T
h
e g er men r ou n d i sh
i
st i l
p
t h r e e spr e adi n g o b t u s e s t i g mas
c r ow n e d w i t h
si mpl e s t y l e
T h e cap su l e i s t r i c o c c o u s el ast i c an d c on t ai n s t h r e e r ou n d i sh
T h e g en u s E u ph or b i a c ompr i se s a v er y n u me
s e e d s (H ooker )
r ou s t r i b e o f si n g u l ar
pl an t s ; u pwar d s o f t w o h u n d r e d ar e
or

U PH O R B I A OFF IC I N A R U M

by W i ld en o w
b o t an i c g ar d e n s

d e sc r i b e d
in

ou r

B r i t ai n

on e

d fo u

an

a n at i

ve

th e

A t l as

th

w or d

ge

r an

b ou t

A fr i c a,

of

Th

t e en

g ad o r

d i ffe r en t

d t w en t y

an

T h

G E OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I B U T I O N
is

dr e d

u n

p e ci e s

th

27 1

ph

bi a

p e ci es

al

an

o f c i n ar u

d i st r i b u t e d

ar e

ves

B ar b ar y,

e c o ast o f

n at i

ar e

or

lt i vat e d

ar e c u

ver

PA R T S USE D

M O D E 0 F P R E PA R A T I O N
T h e G u m r esi n
T h e o f c i n al E u ph o r bi u m i s t h e c on cr et e
j u i c e o f t h e pl an t o b t ai n e d by maki n g sli gh t i n cI S I on s i n t h e
b r an ch e s w i t h a kn i fe fr o m w h i ch a mi lky u i c e exu d e s w h i ch
by e xpo su r e t o t h e ai r an d t h e h e at o f t h e su n h ar d en s an d
fo r ms a w h i t i sh y e llo w so li d g e n e r ally pi er c e d w i t h t w o h o l e s
by t h e pr i ckles O f t h e pl an t Th i s d r o ps O ff i n S ept emb er i s
c o ll e c t e d an d fo r ms t h e E u
h
o r b i u m o f c o mmer c e
T
h
e
r
ec en t
p
j u i c e i s o f s o ac r i d a n at u r e t h at t h e peo ple w h o c o lle c t i t ar e
o bli g e d t o t i e a c l o t h o v e r t h e i r mo u t h
an d n o s t r i l s t o pr e v e n t
t h e s mall d u st y par t i c l es fr o m an n o yi n g t h em as t h e y pr o d u c e
i n ce ss an t sn e e z i n g
B r u c e s ay s
t h e S h o ps
t h e t r ee g u m w h i ch i s fou n d i n
c on si s t s o f i r r e g u l ar
y ell o w i sh sli gh t ly fr i abl e t e ar s almo st

o d ou r le s s
W h en t r i t u r at e d w i t h w at er o n ly o n e par t i n s e v en
of t h e E u
A l c o h o l t ak e s u p on e par t i n
ph o r b i u m i s d i s s o l ve d
fo u r an d for ms a c l ear s t r aw c o l ou r e d s o l u t i o n w h i ch i s r e n
d er e d mi lky by t h e ad d i t i o n o f
F o r h o moeo pat h i c
M

IN

ED I C I N E

AN D

r
u
p

o se s :
p

wh

i ch

mi x e d
th

to

Th

t h at i t i s

t Th
'

is th
C

on e

i n et y

g e t h er

pl an t s
su

c en

pr o d u c e

ly

of

u i ce

th

cu

th

th

ar

ts

m r esi n

o n ce

at

at

t en

ph

or

bi

u at o n s

e se ar e

mad e by

tr it u

t it y

d ed i s

r at on ,

th

qu

an

exu

so

g r eat

u r o pe, an

bu t

mor e

su l a an

th

an

ear s, as

ppl y for t h at t i me

mi lk i s ad d e d ;

of

i n fou r y

speci es ,

u at o n

t en

i mpor t ed i n t o E

th

g ar

t o po w d er ,

r edu ced

r st

r ee

o f su

i r t i et h

e su

s ever al

o t h er s, as

eff ec t s .

t for t h

e c on cr et e

an ar i en s i s ;

i n t h eir

in

th

ar e on

of

par

di lu t ed t o t h

en

s ol

as

par t i cu l ar l y

d E

ph
of

L at h y r i s,

or

bi

th

ar e

m oi ci n
E

qu i t e

ph

or

al i s,

bi

as vi ol en

FLO R A

27 2

mor

H OM

AT H IC A

FF E C T S 0 n A n i ma l s g en er al l y
h or se s an d d o g s as a po w er fu l ac r i d

P H YS I O L OG I C A L

h
p

or

su b s t an c e
b i u m ac t s o n
i r r i t at i n g an d i n ami n g t h e p ar t s w i t h w h i ch i t i s plac e d i n
h
en
c on t ac t
W
an d by s y m at h y affe c t i n g t h e n e r v o u s sy st e m
p
s w all o w e d
i n l ar g e q u an t i t i e s i t c au s e s g ast r o e n t er i t i s (t w o
o u n c e s ar e su f c i e n t t o ki ll a h o r s e ; w h en
i
e d t o t h e ski n
l
a
)
pp
i t ac t s as a r u b e fac i en t an d e pi spas t i c
F ar r i e r s so me t i me s
e m l o y i t as a su b s t i t u t e fo r c an t h ar i d e s for bli s t er i n g h o r s es
p
b u t c au t i o u s an d w e ll i n fo r me d v e t e r i n ar i an s ar e o ppo s e d t o i t s

'

(P

u se

er ei r a , o
p

On

L o n d on

j ect

to

id th

Wh

an

es s r s

i n fo r me d D r
e ad ac h e ,

ci t

d u st w h

Ch

er r
r

gi dd i n e s s
en

r e

in

i st i s o n

d u ci n

an

dr u

w or

kmen

th

wh

o esa e

th

at

th

st u

th

is

e r

p or , i f t h

su

b st an c e

do

ggi st s

in

ar e

su

f l

n o t c ar e u

t o po w d e r

ly

bi u m d u st i s i n h ale d an d al s o appli e d t o t h e
fac e i t c au se s sn e e z i n g r e d n e s s an d s w elli n g o f t h e fac e an d
g r eat i r r i t at i o n ab o u t t h e e y e s an d n o s e I n o n e per son i t
an d an o t h e r w as ma d e
al w ay s
r o d u c e d a s e n se o f i n t o xi c at i on
p
t e mpo r ar i ly i n san e by i t an d w h o d u r i n g t h e t i n si s t e d o n
s ay i n g h i s pr ay er s at t h e t ai l o f t h e mi ll
h o r se
A man w as e n g ag e d at a mi ll w h er e E u ph o r b i u m w as b ei n g
gr o u n d an d r emai n e d i n t h e r o o m l o n g er t h an w as c on si d er e d
r u d e n t ; s u dd e n ly h e d ar t e d fr o m t h e mi ll r o o m an d r an w i t h
p
g r e at v el o ci t y d o w n t w o pai r o f s t ai r s o n ar r i vi n g at t h e g r o u n d
o o r o r y ar d h e b e c ame i n sen si bl e an d fe ll
W i t h i n ve
mi n u t e s I s aw h i m ; h e w as ly i n g o n h i s b ack i n sen si ble an d
l
q
c on v u l s e d ; h i s fa c e w as r e d an d s w o llen ; h i s
u
s
f
r
e
e
u en t
p
I bl e d h i m an d w i t h i n h alf an h o u r
an d fu ll an d h i s S k i n h o t
h e b e c ame qu i t e s en si bl e b u t c o mp l ai n e d o f g r e a t h e ad ach e
H e h ad n o r e c o ll e c t i o n o f h i s i gh t d o w n st ai r s w h i ch s ee ms t o
h ave b e en p er fo r me d i n a t o f d el i r i u m (P er ei r a o p ci t )
P yl (A uf s d l u n d B eoba ch t v ol i p 7 9 ) st at es t h at w h en
po w d er e d E u ph o r b i u m i s appli e d t o t h e S k i n i t c au se s i t c h i n g
at i o n
i
on
i
a
i
n
an
i
n

a
m
m
s
u
c
e
e
d
e
d
b
v
es
c
a
t
d
c
A t e aspo on fu l
p
y
o f t h e t i n c t u r e o f E u ph o r b i u m w as a d mi n i s t er e d t o a man by a
en

h
p

or

OF F ICI N A R U M

E UP H O R BI A

gh mi s t ak e

b ar b b u r n i n g h e at
i n t h e t h r o at a n d t h e n i n t h e s t o mac h v o mi t i n g i r r e g u l ar h u r
r i ed
p u l s e an d c o l d p e r s pi r at i on s w er e t h e l eadi n g sympt o ms
T h e p er s o n d i e d i n t h r e e d ay s ; g an gr e n o u s spo t s w er e fo u n d
i n t h e s t o mach
an d t h e c o at s t o r e w i t h
t h e sl i g h t est t o u c h
far r i er , i n t h

d ar k , t h

273

r ou

fo r

(F u r n i va l
l

r e at e
s

d in

Ch

fo u
th

d th

i st i s o n

s t at e s

th

at

ypar i ssi as

me effe c t s

e sa

me o f t h

i b u t abl e t o t h

Dr

oo

iii

s a c t i on s

C amph

r o
p

b ably
th

as

sa

v ol

me pr o per t i e s

J ou r n

P h i l osop h i ca l T r an

ar e at t r

th

o s se ss

B r an d e

th e

y mpt o ms
Dr

in

an

d E

r e at e s

al

th

L at h

fo r 1 7 6 0,

or

th

In

c as e

man y o f

th

i
e
c
es o f
p
o

yr i s

f c i n

ar u

pr o d u

or

bi u m

O r l a

ced

e c ase o f a c h

h
p

pr e c i s e l v

i ld w h

o at e

yr i s (o r C aper S pu r g e ) so o n
aft er h e v o mi t e d S e v e r e ly
w h i c h i s t h e u s u al e ffe c t
D r o w si
n e s s h o w e v er
su c c e e d e d an d aft er a fe w r e t u r n s o f v o mi t i n g
w h i ch w as pr o mo t e d by an e met i c d e ep sl e ep g r a d u all y c ame o n
br ok en by c o n v u l si o n s st er t o r o u s b r eat h i n g an d si gh s ; s e n si
b i l i t y w as s o me w h at r e st o r e d by bl o o d l e t t i n g an d t h e w ar m
b at h ; aft e r w h i ch t h e t en d en c y t o sl e ep w as i n t er r u pt e d by
fr e qu en t ag i t at i o n an d e x er c i s e i n t h e o pen ai r ; t h e v o mi t i n g
t h e n r e c u r r e d fo r a t i me an d t h e c h i l d g o t w e ll
T h e s e e d s o f t h i s S peci e s (C ape r S pu r g e ) ar e u se d by t h e
i n h abi t an t s o f t h e n o r t h e r n A lps i n d o s e s o f ft e en g r ai n s as
so

s ee

of

th

L at h

an

met i c

i
h
l
e
d
t
p
p

S pr ce g el

pr o d u c e d an

it

c au s e

v ol

i p
.

er u

th e

j u i c e o f E L at h yr i s t o h i s fac e w h i ch
li k e n e t t l e r ash an d h e al s o fo u n d t h at
d r o p o u t an d w ar t s t o fall O ff (O r l a

t
i
on
p

h ai r t o

S c o pi l i men t i o n
w o man

th

th

ph

or

bi a

su

l a pr o d u

ced

d e at h

th ir t y
l
gr ai n s o f t h e r o o t ; an d also t h at h e w i t n e sse d g an g r en e an d
d e at h fo ll o w t h e appli c at i o n o f t h e s ame pl an t t o t h e ab d o me n
T h e s ame au t h o r st at e s t h at i n a p er so n w h o all o w e d h i s c l o se d
e y e l i d s t o b e r u bb e d w i t h t h e j u i c e o f t h i s s pec i e s i n ammat i on
fo llo w e d an d w as su c ce e d e d by t h e l o s s o f t h e e y e

in

in

lf

at

an

ou r

ft er

sh e

h ad

sw al o w e d

27 4

FLO R A

I t w as w i t h

fer o ci o u
t

w ar

b e p oi s o n

th

ph

g ai n st

th

s a

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

or

bi a

E
,

Hy d er

T i r ac u l l i t h at

gli sh i n In di a
x vi ii )
v ol

(Qu ar t R ea
U S E S (H O M CE O P A T H I C )

ed

or

A li , in h is

d er e d t h

w ell

M E D ICA L
S t apf h as pr o po s e d t o
e mpl o y E u ph or b i u m
i n t h e fo llo w i n g case s : C h r o n i c d i se as e
o f t h e b on e s an d mu c o u s memb r an e
C u t an eo u s er u pt i o n s
C h r o n i c o ph t h almi a w i t h p ai n fu l affe c t i o n s o f t h e e y eli d s w h i ch
i t ch vi o l e n t ly an d ar e h u mi d an d agglu t i n at e d
D i m Si gh t e d
n e ss
w eakn e s s o f t h e e y e s an d o pt i c al d e lu si o n s
T e ar i n g
p ai n i n t h e t ee t h an d a fe e li n g as i f t h e t o o t h w as d r aw n o u t
i n c r e as e d by c o n t ac t
M ali g n an t affe c t i o n s o f t h e t h r o at
S ali vat i o n
H y d r ar gyr o si s C h r on i c ab d omi n al affe c t i o n s
C o li c w i t h vi ol en t b u r n i n g pai n s an d sen se o f di st en si on o f
t h e i n t es t i n e s
A ffec t i on s o f t h e r e c t u m an d bl ad d er w i t h
h
ai n fu l
s e n s at i o n s i n
t
o se o r g an s
C o u gh
t e n esmu s
an d
p
t h e t h r oat
t i ckli n g i n
c on st an t
or
wi t h
i n t h e mi d d l e o f
A st h ma
P ai n fu l affe c t i o n s o f t h e e xt r emi t i e s
t h e ch es t
E r y si pel as v e si c u l o su m faci e i (H au bol d )
B r eak i n g o f t h e
P u l sat i n g b or i n g t oo t h ach e as i f t h e t e e t h
t e e t h (R u ck er t )
V er y pai n fu l ab sc e s s at t h e r oo t
w er e scr e w e d t o g e t h er
s e n si t i v e t o t h e t o u c h
ey e t e et h
w i t h e r y si pel at o u s
of t h e
C ar di algi a i n t h e mor n i n g so on aft er
sw e lli n g o f t h e ch e e k
g et t i n g u p w i t h p ai n fu l cr amps i n t h e s cr o b i c u lu s c or d i s i n
V o mi t i n g o f mu c u s an d w at er
c r e as e d aft e r t h e mi d d ay me al
P ai n i n t h e b ack an d d r aw i n g r h eu mat i c pai n b e t w e en t h e
an d t h r o u gh
sh o u l d e r s
t o t h e pi t o f t h e st o mach an d c h e st ;
w i t h p al pi t at i o n o n l y i n g d o w n
aft er w ar d s sh or t n e ss o f b r e at h
C o n st i p a
t o g e t h er w i t h v i o l en t t h r o bb i n g b u r st i n g h e ad ach e
an d fr e q u e n t yi n g h e at s al t e r n at i n g w i t h S h i v er i n g
t i on
d e mu l c e n t
T o l ar g e d o se s
e mo lli e n t
an d
A N T I DO T E s
C lyst er s o f mu ci lagi n ou s amy l ac e ou s or ol eagi n o u s
d r i n ks
li qu i d s T o small d o se s C amph o r
.

Eu h

r a 81 a

f fi

li

cr n a

S
Fr

ed

r i c

o ev s

i mr

XXX II
E UP H R A S I A

O F F I C I N A LI S

ebr i

E/
S
ph

M E
B
lb

N ON Y

ra

g ia

p 284
.

a,

RE G
I

ph

ph r asi a

r a/n s e

lf

r asi a o f ci n al i s ,

ME E
S

si ve

A :

ph

at

O r d er , R H

PE

GE N

man

H AR

t ; th

en

al

l i p sli g h t l y
i n t o t h r e e,
s h ape d

lo

mar g i n
g

en

u f r asi e,

Ju ss

mor e

I t al

ZE ffr asi

D ec

D I
,

MI A

DY N A

n e ar

ly

ph

496

r asi a,

B ai i

Sy

u
n

fr ag r a, E

fr asi n

G er m

UL A R I N E ZE ,

AN

bl
q

u ar
u al

SC R O P H

o f on e sepal ,

Pl an t

G I O SP E R M I A

cy

l in dr i c al

ri

L i n dl
.

bb

ed ,

C
poi n t ed t eet h
c al y x, cy l in dr i cal ;
.

per

or o l

la

u
l on g as t h e
pper
wi t h s ev er al n ot ch es ; l o w er l i p spr eadi n g , di vi d e d
l ess, u n e u al , o t u se , cl ov en , or i n v er sel y h ear t

t,

or

as e

'

ung

i n fou r d e ep,

c on cav e ,

l ar i , I con

o cu

fer i or

x in

pet al , r i n

o f on e

r asi n e

I N A N T H A C E ZE

D I C UL A R E S ,

h
t
y

ph r a si a can d i d a, S c h aer
L i n n Sp P l , p 8 4 1 , e t c

A u g en t r o st , H ei n kr au t , M il ch di en st

tu

O pe n ;

e as

F i l a men t s t h r

e ad - sh ape d ,

di r ect ed t ow ar d s t h

pper
l i ps
A n t h er s i n cu m en t , l ar g e, of t wo r ou n di sh l o es, poi n t ed at t h e
r i st l y
as e ; t h e poi n t s O f t h e l o w er an t h er s el on g at e d i n t o st r ai g h t ,
S ty l e, t h r ea d sh aped , a s l on g as t h e st a
spin es
G er men , e g g -sh aped
men s S t i g ma l u n t , u n di vi d ed
C ap su l e O l on g , l u n t , c ompr e ss e d
es

mar g in at e (n ot ch ed at t h e su mmi t ) of t w o c ell s an d t w o membr an ou s

v al v es
S eed s s ev er al v er y smal l el li pt i c al c ompr essed fu r r ow ed or
e

st ri at e d on
c apsu l e , an

en er a

PE

each

me

e sa

I S TO R Y F

Th

d fu r r ow ed

in t h

HR

si d e

or

fou r

or

cl eft

s t r i at e d

cl ass an

ea ves e
g

s ee d s

d er

sh ape d ,

c al y

x, spi n ou s an t h er s, t w o - c el l e d

w ill di st i n g u i sh t h i

fr om

ot

er

(B axt er )

fu r r ow e d

sh ar

pl y t o ot h e d

lt h o u g h
D al e ch ampi u s g av e t h e d e r i v at i o n o f E u ph r asi a fr o m t h e G r ee k
e t t h er e i s n o n o t i c e o f t h i s h er b i n t h e w o r k s o f D i o sc o r i d e s
y
H

B au h i n

(P

h y t op

442 ) st at e s t h at ,

F ig

'

Th

e c or o ll a .

S t amen

m E mppo a w n , expr essi ve

of

j oy

an

C al y x

d pl easu r e

S eed

FLO R A

27 6

G al en
th

dr ed

p te
u

th

l b r at i

ce e

for

e e

yes

co

mpo u n d

at

M ed

Sch ola
i

n ot c e o

f th

f E

bli sh e d

i
a is
g

ph

o n e , an

r a

d i st i ll e d w at e r
v ol

vi i

i
t
p p

yes

by

th

of

or

a,

co

I t w as

Fu

sc

h iu

d is

s,

u se d

i
a is
g

bou t

mpl o ye d

D o d on

as

th
a

u n

ph

r as a

th

es

d ly i n

Th

me d i c i n

t w ar

sy r u

w as i n

i n G o r d on

ou

r asi at

(A l s t on

e ar

th

l i e st

k s o f Tr ag u s
di s e as e s
r e me d y i n
e

w or

H el l e r ,

aeu s ,

ys

sa

Vi ll an

men t i on e d i n

1 100

is in

b ot h

n ot

a
e,

mon

as

h
p

bu

y ;

r a

mpi l e d

me di c i n

Vi n i E

sa

i n 1 305 ,

h
p

t wo h

A r n al d u

b efo r e h i m E

d i n w ar d ly

an

r as i a, as

ph

1 5 80

d i se ase s i s i mpo s si bl e t o

au

l on g

H ow

e d i c i n as ,

w r ot e t h i s i n

S al er n i t an

(Sp r en g el
o

di e d i n 1 31 3, w as t h

L i t i ci u m M
fo r

t o per e

an

r e

wh

y ear s

v an u s ,

y n or e v en by t h e A r abi an ph y si ci an s
w as kn o w n as a r e me d y fo r t h e e y e s ab o u t
P li n

it

at

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

an

o t h e r s , an

b e en a v u lg ar r eme d y i n t h e s e d i se ase s fr o m t i me i mmemo r i al

t h r o u gh o u t t h e w h o l e o f E u r o pe
P u s ch i n e r e c o mmen d e d i t i n
s u ffu si o n s an d c at ar a c t s
T h e H i gh l an d er s o f S c o t l an d mak e an
i n fu si o n o f i t i n mi lk an d a n o i n t t h e p at i en t s e y e s w i t h a fe at h er
d i ppe d i n i t
H o ff man n e mpl o ye d i t i n j au n d i c e H i l d an u s
I n 1 8 36
V i ll an o va an d V el e b t i n w e akn e s s o f t h e e y e s
O z a n n s J ou r ) e mpl o y e d i t w i t h su c c e ss i n
K r ame h fel d
r h e u mat i c an d c at ar r h al i n ammat i o n o f t h e e y e s an d e y eli d s ;
i n c ou gh h o ar sen e ss e ar a ch e an d h e ad ach e w h i ch h av e su pe r
v e n e d o n c at ar r h al affe c t i on s an d glan d u lou s c at ar r h al an d
s c r o fu l o u s b l e ph ar O ph t h al mi a
I t h as b e e n i mmo r t ali z e d by M i lt o n w h o pr o b ably o w i n g t o
h i s i n r mi t y t r i e d t h i s pl an t t o g i v e h i m b ac k t h at w h i c h h e
h ad l o s t
H e mak e s t h e ar ch an g e l M i ch ael e mpl o y i t t o r e mo ve
t h e l m fr o m t h e e y e s o f o u r r st p ar en t s o c c asi on e d by e at i n g
t h e fo r b i d d e n fr u i t :
h

as

Bu t t o
M i ch

Wh

fr om A d am s ey

i ch t h

H ad
Th

a el

at

r ed ;

n o

es

bl

th

er

s1

gh ts

l m r emo ve d ,

fal se fr u i t t h at pr omi s ed cl ear er

Si g h

ru e

th

en

pu r g e d w i t h E

e vi su al n er ve,

for h

h ad

ph

mu ch

r asy

to

an

se e

Pa r a d i se L

os t ,

oo k

U PH R A S I A OFF ICI N A L I S

In
s cr

Sh

i b ed

e n st o n e ,

we h

a so ,

vi

th e

a e

tu

277

es

f t h i s pl an t d e

Yet E u ph r asy may n o t b e l eft u n su n g ,

T h at g i v es di m ey es t o w an d er l eag u es ar o u n d

E
DES C R I P T I O N
.

F l o w e r s fr o m J u

ph

O f c i n al i s

r as i a

t o S e pt e m

b er

is

l
p an t

an n u a

an

br o u s an d
w h i t i sh
T h e s t em fr o m o n e t o si x i n ch es h i gh u pr i gh t sq u ar e
l e afy d ow n y ei t h er si mple or b r an ch e d L eaves se ssil e almo st
o si t e ;
e
S h ape d
d
own y ;
l
ly
bb
e n t i r e ly O
s mall
i
s
h
t
r
i
ed
g
pp
g
g
n e

Th

d fu

r r ow e

xi llar y
spi k e o r
an g u l ar
a

so

p i t ed
o n

be i n g

t o ps

f th

Th

cor ol l a

mmo n ly
A

pp er

le

th

si z e ,

ar

vi l e t

br ow n
a li t t le h ai r y a t
S t i g ma fr i n g e d

er s

or

th

as

ed

with

si d e s

g m c an
e

W h en

th

r o

bb e d

ar e

pe d ,

as

c o ou r

y ell o w

an

sh a

spi n e s at

fe w ,
fu

so

r r o we

me w h

at

at

th

of

th

N
tu rf

b e sc en t
ver y mi n u t e gl an d s
at t h e b o t t o m c o m
a li t t l e h ai r y t o w ar d s

w el

C al y x

S t y l e pu

g e C apsu l e fo u r c o r n er e d
r e sse d ab o v e s li g h t ly n o t ch e d at t h e en d
p
S eeds
t h e t o p an d mar k e d w i t h bl ac k d o t s
an g u l ar ; t h i n at t h e e d g es st r on gly st r i at e d o r
d th

r ou n

l e afy

pe ar

wi t h t wo

t op

ms

st e

ks

st r e a

me d

ar

F l ow er s

fo r mi n

br an ch e s an d
n ear ly e qu al

mu ch i n

var i es

po i n t e d

o d or ou s ,

w h i t e , w i t h d ee p pu r p

G er men

in

h ai r y, fo u r t o o t h e d , t e e t h

co

th

on

i n d en t e d t e e t h

or

b ase

th

at

li t ar y v er y ab u n d an t
me

i sh p al at e
th

s er r at e d

d;

r ac e

an

is

r oot

w o o ds

s t il l

su

an

qu al

th is

mmer ,

w it h

eld s ;

l an d sc ape
glo w i n g w i t h

th

mi n d s

an

g y

er

en

th

co

f it s

i ch

er

wh
o

b r i lli an t

th

last i n g

co

mpan i o n

mpl et i on

of

ph

r as a,

s,

th

fe at u r es, t h

t u ft e d E

men

or n a

wh

d i v e st e d

as

ar

v e st

gr assy
i ch

as

d ow n

sc at t e r e d

by i t s b e au t i fu ll y v ar i e d w h i t e O f sn o w
b en e ci al at t en d an t o f appr o ach i n g w i n t e r I t s
a ch i ll t h ou g h
w h i t e n e s s i s t ast e fu l ly v ar i e d w i t h pu r pl e an d pal e y ell o w ; as a
h i n t w h i ch t h o u gh u n w e lc o me i s k i n d ly an d d el i c at e ly c on
ar o u n

d , y et

r e

u s,

v ey e d

G E OG R A PH I C A L
A me r i c a, e t c

D IS TR I B UT I O N

OV

ll

u ro

or

th

27 8

FLO R A

O
d ow s,

co

mmo n

PA R T S US

e at h s ,

d ow n

s,

an

mo u n

on

t ai n

mea

ou s

IN

E D

W h ole

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

ED I C I N E

OD

OF

P E P A R A T I ON
R

ly T h e e xpr es s e d j u i c e i s t o
b e mi x e d w i t h e qu al p ar t s o f alc oh ol
I t i s h ow e v er s o v i sci d
t h at i t i s g en e r ally n ec e s s ar y aft er b e at i n g t h e E u ph r asi a i n t o a
s mo o t h an d h o mo g en e o u s p as t e t o mi x i t w i t h a s mall qu an t i t y
o f t h e s ame al c o h o l i n o r d er t o e x t r ac t t h e j u i c e
P HY S I O L O G IC A L E FF E C TS 0 n M an L o b e l st at e s t h at i t
o f t h e e y es
r o d u c e s i n ammat i on
n d t h at a fr i e n d o f h i s
a
p
n e ar ly l o st h i s e y e si gh t by t h e u s e o f i t
L an g h ammer s t at e s t h at i t pr o d u c e s vi o l e n t h e ad ach e w i t h
r e s si v e
sh o o t i n g
i
n s
w
i
n e ss o f S i g h t
a
t
d
i
m
an d my o i a ;
h
p
p
p
e n g o r g e me n t O f t h e v e ss e l s o f t h e sc l e r o t i c ; p ai n fu l
pr e ss u r e
l ach r ymat i o n i n t h e ey e s ; s en s e o f c on st r i c t i o n i n t h e
an d
su pe r i o r
e y e li d s
w i t h p a i n fu l r h e u mat i c fee li n g s i n di ffe r e n t
en u r e si s ; pai n fu l se n s at i o n s i n
ar t s o f t h e fac e ;
t h e lo w er
p
e x t r emi t i e s w i t h l as si t u d e o v e r t h e w h o l e b o d y
a c c o m an i e d
p
by fr e qu en t c o l d ; t h e sl e ep In t er r u pt e d by fr e qu en t an xi o u s
Th

P lan t , g at h

AN D

i n Ju

er e d

d r eams

b s er v e r s v i z F H ah n eman n an d W i sl i c en u s h av e
n o t i c e d si mi l ar e ff e c t s
M E D I C A L US E S (H O M CE O P A T H I C ) H ah n eman n r emar k s t h at
i t w as n o t w i t h o u t r e as o n t h at t h i s pl an t r e c e i ve d t h e n ame i t
b e ar s an d t h at i t h as fall en In t o u n me r i t e d di su s e i n t h e pr e se n t

Oth

er

d ay

c on s e
e

yes

B l en

fr o m

qu en ce s

con

t u si o n

oea

an

or r

mu c u s

ammat i on

s,

oa ck an

d T r i n ks

bl o w s

an

(O p
fall s (as

B ad

far

as

th

ah r )
c r o fu l o s a mu c o s a (L eon S i mon
J
S
(
)
)
a
t
ar
r h al
D
i
e
L
o
b
e
t
h
a
l
C
r h eu
o cu l or u m
s
( g
)

ar e c on c e r n e d

mat i c ,
of

O B S E R V A T I O N S N

L I N IC A L

s cr o u

th

of

lo u s

mor e
th

ph t h

lmi a

appr o pr i at e

fr o m

ye s

th

th

r e

th

r e at e r

e se

g r e g at i o n

me d y (L obet h al )

mok e (F r a n h )

In

Oph t h l mi
a

g an d agglu t i n at i on o f t h e li d s I ch o r o u s an d blo o d y
d i s ch ar g e fr o m t h e e y e s
R u n n i n g c at ar r h i n t h e d ay ; o h

S w elli n

st r u c t i on

pr e s s v e

at

p ai n

i gh t

in t h

U PH R A S I A OFF I CI N A L I S

O ph t h lmi

wit h

fr o n t al h

S ev e r e i n

ammat i on

t e mp

les

27 9

a,

ead ac h e
of

th

e e

an

ye s

of t h e
bl
P
ai n
h
o t o ph o b i a an d d i s t e n si o n
e
p
p
e y el i d s
B u r n i n g i n t h e e ye s
N i gh t ly agglu t i n at i o n o f t h e
li d s Oph t h almi a C at ar r h ali s i n v e t e r at a e t n egl e ct a I n
ammat i o n
D i mn e ss o f si gh t an d spo t s o n t h e c o r n e a (R u m
Tr au mat i c O ph t h al mi a
mel K n ar r e W eber ) L ach r ymat i o n
(B a u d i s ) A mbly o pi a amau r ot i c a S l o w spe e ch w i t h par alyt i c
s t i ffn e ss o f t h e t on g u e an d c h e ek s (J a h r
F
r
s
a
f
t
er
t
h
e
i
w
a
t
)
g
c o n d yl o mat a by al t e r n at i on
r e mo v al o f
an d
of A ci d
n it r ic
T h u j a (S ch l en d er )
M oi st c o u gh r e mai n i n g aft er i n u en z a
(B a l og h ) C r amps i n t h e c alv e s of t h e l eg s (J ah r )
C amph or P u l sat i ll a
A N T I D O T E s B ellad on n a

wit h

in

su

por

ta

XXX III
G UA I A C

OF F I C I NA LE

UM

G u a i ac

YMS G

S YN O N

pi n

r adi at i s ;

l eg i t i mu m, B r ey

d at o ,

cor

o s s i cu

mm

RE G
I

Pal o

s an

at

t ex l u t eu

mi s

ES F

AM

or

ol

H C

ct u

e s

i p

g at u

m In

I t al

v ol

p 39

L ig n

G ai ac

H Y L L A C E JE
.

ii

D EC

l eo

p 1 33
.

di cu m

Pal u

o ck en

A N DR

r ac e

al

ol z

s s an c t u s

o s an ot o

Tr

ees

wit h

t i l ag i n

o n e - ow er e d

PE

HI T

i ar

d s, i n

aft e r

th

Th

l o n g i t u di n al

d w ood
.

eaves

a ah

R u ss

O N OGY N I A

ea v es a

Du t

bij

g at e

in ks

st

or

axi s ,

ig

ma
,

t en

on e

t wo

or

pen d u l o u

w as

r st

ov at e or ov al

i n t r od u ced i n t o E

bt

u se

u r o

s an

sec t i o n s o f

GR U I

t i on

th

d g er men
e

g er men

Th

per i c ar ps

an

d 4

(D

by
t
h
e
p
ver y soon

y e ar 1 5 08 fr o m t h e W e st In d i e s
d i s c o v e r y o f A me r i c a an d w as su ppo s e d t o
men

S t am en

P ok

L ea et s

th e

e st a

aco ,

an

C o t y l e d on s so mewh at t h i ck
ru
P ed u n c l es axill ar y ,
pt l y pi n n at e

ch

G u ay

B akau t

B au h

G u ai ac u m

S pan

(D

AR

F ig

ar

H L

OR

Sp a n

mal l

wi t h

ou s ,

F r an g o sen h ol z

c ar

or

c aer u l eo ,

mag n a mat r i ce,

men

m or e

R UT A C E JE , J u ss

IA

A l bu

C ap su l e s omew h at st alk e d , v e cel l ed , v e an g l e d , or b y

t h r e e cel l e d
S eed s sol i t ar y i n t h e c el l s , af xe d t o t h e
-

ar

i s,

G u ai acu

G u ai ac u m,

L i n dl ;

a cer

P o ck en h ol t , G u

u n

v i t ae,

mo s o f u ct u acer i s
i cu m maju s c u l u m n i g r i can s n u l l o
c aer u

G u ai aco , L eg n

G er m : P

D an

men

s, se

G en

L ig n

P
et a l s v e

v e par t i t e , o t u s e
y
S t y l es
ak e d , o r s o mew h at appen d i cu l at e

AR

F i l amen t s

ov

L in

N A L E S,

GE

e s

G u ai aco

P o ck en h

J am a i c a , p 2 2 5

l en i t er

et

m A mer i can u m pr i mu m fr u ct u
31
Pr u n o v el E u on y mo af n i s

J a ma i c a ,

B r ow n

o b ovat i s

G u ai acu

v ol

s co r r u

d o , or e s pen t apet al o

S l o an

O r d er , Z Y G O P

L i g n u m san

r o d/n

br ot u

m oper i t

S w ed

b r o t u n d o , Pl u

su
.

su

u s c or

p 4 48

cu

l o t ec t u

fr u c t u

b u xeo

al at o

fo l i o

ot o

G u ai acu m, H u g h es B ar ba d oes

si v e

et r a

fer e i mpet i ol at i s , b iju g at i s,

or

f ol ii

mu l i s d i ch

is

u ai acu

be

T r an

pe r

sver se an

fe e t

i
e
c
p

lu es

fo r

U A I A C U M OFF I CI N A L E

g ai n i n g

v e n er e a ,

28 1

s u ch

r e

t
e
p
u

to

as

l d at s e v en g o ld c r o w n s a po u n d H o w ev er as i t
o ft en
fai l e d i n c u r i n g t h i s d i s e as e i t fe ll i n t o d i s u s e an d
w as al mo s t
by me r cu r y
e n t i r e ly su pe r s e d e d
A l t h o u gh
i t s u t i li t y w as mu ch o ve r r at e d by man y , i t i s o n t h e o t h e r
h an d by n o me an s t h e i n er t ag en t w h i c h s o me s t r e n u o u s

mer c u r i ali s t s w i ll h av e i t t o b e
T h e g e n e r al vi r t u e s o f
G u ai ac u m as st at e d by B e r g i u s i s mu n d i c an s su d o r i fe r a
b e en

so

di u

r e t c a,

b c al e faci e n

su

st o

s,

mach i c a ;

an

d its

be i n

to

u se

yph i l i s ar t h r i t i s mo r bi c u t i s O d o n t al g i a I t w as als o e m
l
o y e d by M e a d an d P r i n gl e i n
r h e u mat i s m b o t h
a c u t e an d
p
ch r o n i c
B y C u ll en an d man y o t h er s i n ar t h r i t i s v ag a at on i c a
i n g o u t y affec t i o n s o f di ffe r en t ki n d s an d v ar i o u s r h e u mat i c
c o mb i n at i o n s
B y S ch On l ei n i n h e r pe t i c e x an t h e mat a an d
h e r pe s c i r c i n at u s
B y M u r r ay J ah n an d S t ar k 1 n d e afn e ss
an d c o n fu si o n
i n t h e h e ad r h eu mat i c pr o so p algi a
B y B ell
i n t o o t h ach e an d an gi n a t o n si llar i s
B y H u fel an d i n gi d d i n e s s
fr o m g o u t or sy ph i li t i c c au se s
B y D e smar c h ai s i n s ci at i c a
B y D r D e w e e s i n d y smen or r h ce a
A s a pr e ve n t i v e o f g o u t by
E mer i g o n o f M ar t i n i c o I n ch r o n i c ski n d i s e ases ; i n sc r o fu l a
an d i n c h r o n i c
pu lmo n ar y c at ar r h e speci ally o f g ou t y su bj e c t s
s

et c

et c

DE S C R I P TI O N

Th

G u ai acu m t r e e

fr o m t h i r t y t o fo r t y fe e t ,
tr

un

th

en

wh i t e

Th

ds

Th

Th

br an ch

es

ba r h

w oo d h

ar

an

n u

to th

th

fo o t i n

mo o t h

v a i eg

d p o n d er o u

s,

at e

d ar k

ot

d wi t h

h e i gh t

d i ame t er

an

n e ar

gr o w s

mer o u s d i v ar i c at e d kn

ve y
d

f its

y le afy at
g r e en an d
,

li v e b r o w n

wit h in

b ar k h avi n g it pe cu li ar ac i d ar omat i c s c en t
an d w e ll kn o w n
i n E n gl an d by t h e n ame o f B r az i l w o o d or
L i g n u m vi t ae
T h e l eaves ar e o ppo si t e ab r u pt ly pi n n at e c on
o b t u se e n t i r e
si s t i n g on l y o f t w o
b
v
o r r o u n d i sh
a
i
r
s
o
t
e
a
o
f
o
p
smo o t h
pal e r i g i d l e a e t s v ar i o u s i n si z e w i t h s e v er al r ad i at
i n g vei n s
F l ow er s pal e blu e o n si mpl e axi ll ar y cl u st er e d
s t alk s sh o r t er t h an
T h e t r e e w as r s t c u l t i v at e d
t h e l e av e s
i n t h i s c o u n t r y by t h e D u ch e ss o f B e au fo r t i n 1 6 6 9
w h i t i sh t o w ar d s t h

FL OR A

2 82

G E OG R A PHIC A L D I S T R I B U T I O N
n at

i ve

f th

D o mi n

go

t in

en

d St

an

W e st

f A mer i c a

PA R T S U S

T h

di a i sl an d s , b u t

Th o mas

ICA

H O M CE O P A T H

an

d th

G u ai ac u m t r e e i s

es

lly

e ci a

f J amai c a, S t

w ar mer par t s

th

c on

M E D ICI N E A N D M O D E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e G u m r e si n w h i ch i s o b t ai n e d fr o m t h e w o o d o f t h e t r e e
T h e pr o c ess u su ally fo ll o w e d i n pr o c u r i n g t h i s i s i n h e at i n g b i ll e t s
s e v e r al fe e t l o n g w h i c h h av e b e e n pr e vi o u sly p er fo r at e d fr o m e n d
t o e n d an d c o ll ec t i n g t h e r e si n w h i ch sl o w ly o w s o u t fr o m t h e
G u ai ac i s i mpo r t e d i n i r r e gu l ar l u mps
d epen d i n g e xt r e mi t y
IN

E D

is

ar

i ou

s si z e s

b r ow n i sh

It

ft en

c on

t ai n

h i ps o f

b r o w n i sh y ell o w
e x po su r e t o li gh t

r e d , or

w oo d

s c

wh

r e c en

en

It s

t,

bu t

su r

fac e

b e c omes

I t i s b r i t t l e pr e s e n t s a
g r e en i sh u n d er
r eo u s fr ac t u r e
v
i
t
an d p o s s e s s e s so me t r an sl u c e n c y
s li n t e r y
p
I t s po w d e r at r st g r e yi sh g r ad u ally ac q u i r es a g r e en i sh t i n t
I t e mi t s a so me w h at b as al mi c o d ou r w h i l e t r i t u r at e d an d h as a
fai n t ly b i t t er sw e e t i sh t ast e foll o w e d by a pr i ck i n g i n t h e b ac k
o f t h e t h r o at w h i ch i s v e r y s t r on g an d u n pl e asan t i f i t b e t ast e d
.

i n p o wd e r
Th

w ood

in t o th is

c ou n

co

tr

mmo n l y

y fr o m

ll e d

ca

St

L i gn

D o mi g o
n

m vi t ae i s l ar g ely i mpo r t e d
-

fo r

maki n g bl o ck sh
-

ea

e s,

lle ys an d man y o t h er o bj e c t s for w h i ch i t i s pe c u li ar ly

t t e d by i t s e xt r ao r di n ar y h ar dn ess an d t o u gh n e ss I t i s r e
mar k ab l y t ou gh an d d en s e i n i t s t e x t u r e an d qu i ckly si n k s i n
I t c o n si st s o f a b r o ad g r e y an d y ello w alb u r n u m a n d a
w at e r
or
g r e en i sh bl ack d u r amen t h e
d ar k d i r t y gr e y i sh g r e en
l at t er of wh i ch i s t h e d en s er an d h e avi e r o f t h e t w o T h e
G u aI ac w oo d o f t h e ch e mi st c on si st s o f t h e sh av i n g s an d t u r n
In g s fr o m t h e w or ksh o ps o f t h e t u r n er s I t h as an acr i d
k
g
ar o mat i c t ast e at t e n d e d w i t h a si n g u l ar
i
i
n
r
c
i n t h e t h r oat
p
w h i ch i s e x c i t e d mo st st r o n gl y by t h e alb u r n u m
I t i s s c ar c e ly
I t i s k n o w n t o b e g en u i n e by i t s s i n k
s u bj e c t t o a d u l t e r at i o n
i n g i n w at e r ; by t h e ch i ps b e i n g a mi x t u r e o f y ell o w i sh an d
g r e en i sh sh r e d s an d by i t s pec u li ar t ast e
D r H an c o ck c o n si d e r s t h at t h e w h ol e me d i c i n al pr o per t y o f

w oo d e n pu

OFF I CI N A L E

G UA I A C UM

G u ai ac

x i s t s i n t h e w o o d an d
s u b s t an c e c all e d G u ai ac i n e
e

th

th

at

28 3

m
r e si n i s
g

pe cu

li ar

Q u in

(O p

of

p ar t

J ah

t i on

th

or

ci t

r e si n

d er s t h

to
th

or

P HY S I O L OG IC A L

be

r st

r ee

h o mce opat h i c pr epar at i on , o n e

d i sso lve d i n t w e n t y p ar t s o f al c oh o l

d er s, fo r

at

t en

u at o n s

FF E C T S

to

b e mad e

G u ai ac u

by

t r it u

m i s g i v en

r a

in

l ar g e d oses or t o pl et h o r i c o r e x ci t abl e i n d i vi d u als i t pr o d u c es

d r yn es s o f t h e mo u t h sen sat i o n o f h e at at t h e st o mac h n au s e a
l o ss o f appet i t e an d a r el ax e d c on d i t i o n o f t h e b o w el s ; i t als o
pr o d u c e s i n so me c ase s g r e at pe r spi r at i o n an d by c o n t i n u e d
u s e i t h as c au se d a mi l d s ali v at i o n
(B u r d ach S y s t d A r z n ei m
bd i i S
I t i n cr e as e s t h e men st r u al an d h emo r r h o i d al
di s ch ar g es ; an d i n v er y l ar g e d o se s i t c au se s h e at an d b u r n i n g
i n t h e t h r o at an d st o mach v o mi t i n g pu r gi n g pyr e x i a an d h e ad
,

'

ac

e.

K r au
th

(H ei l mi t t el , 6 1 2) men t i on

l bo d y

wh

o e

P ear s o n

n ot ce

b ei n g

du

d t h at i t s

con

as

r o

s a

ced

t in

me asl e li k e

by

u ed

er u

l ar g e d os e s

on
t
i
p

th

of

u se o c c asi on s

v er

w oo d

ear

bu r n

at u l en c e an d c o st i v en e ss
M E D ICA L U S E S (H O M cE O P A T H I C )
H ah n eman n s obs er va t i on s
T h e h o moeo pat h i c ph y si c i an w i ll n d i n t h e fe w s ympt o ms o f
G u ai acu m i n d i c at i on s qu i t e su f c i en t t o Sh o w w i t h c er t ai n t y
t h e v al u e o f t h i s r e me d y i n c ase s an al o g o u s t o t h e m an d w i ll
by t h e i n di scr i mi n at e pr ai ses o f t h e c ommon
n o t b e i n d u ce d
M at er i a M e d i c a t o u se i t i n n omi n a l g o u t or r h e u mat i sm w i t h
o u t pr e vi o u sly as c e r t ai n i n g w h e t h er i t s sy mpt o ms agr e e w i t h
I t h as b e en fo u n d ser vi c e abl e
t h o se o f t h e d i s eas e i n qu e st i o n
S w elli n g
A t t ack s O f c eph al alg i a
i n t h e fo ll o w i n g affe c t i o n s
S e n sat i on as i f
P ai n fu l st r ai n i n g i n t h e e ar s
o f t h e e y es
mu cu s w er e i n t h e t h r o at c au si n g a fe e li n g o f n au se a R epu g
C o n st i pat i on S t i t ch e s i n t h e ch est A r t h r i t i c
n an c e t o mi lk
l an ci n at i on i n t h e li mb s t h e p ai n s b ei n g e x ci t e d by t h e sli gh t est
mo t i o n an d ac c o mpan i e d by h e at i n t h e affect e d par t s e spe
c i al l y wh e n t h e pat i en t h a d b e en i n j u r e d by me r c u r y
,

28 4
C

FL OR A
L

I N ICA L

G u ai ac u m h
in

go u t

G ast r i c

A mau

O B S E R VA T I O N

H O M (E O P A T H I C A

oa c h

an

T r i n ks

b e en fo u n d u s efu l i n mer c u r i al r h eu mat i sm an d

A t t ack s o f h e ad ach e an d meg r i m
D o lo r es o st e o c opi

as

affec t i o n s ,

r o s s ar

ac c o

t h r i t i c a,

mpan i e d

et c .

wi t h

mat emesi s (A t t omy r )

ae

XXX I V
H E LL E B O R US

NI G E R

B l a ch H el l ebor e , C h r i s t mas R os e
S

YMS H

N ON

or e

r oseo ,

H i st

o el

wu r

6 97

S ch n

z,

at

N A ME S F r

B u ss

par t ,

H C
n ec t ar

Sp

Sp an

e skr u

Z w ar t n i

D ec a n d

S t amen

L in

er

H el l eb or e

97 5

ve

Kh

c u s i vu

A N UN C UL A C E ZE

sh or

di sh

r ou n

t, tu

l ar ,

R ai i

ose

u r

bu

D an

de

bt

u se,

n ar r ow e st

l ar g

J u ss ;
.

of

a/r

i g er

a b. :

n oi r

Sch w ar t pr u st r ot

or u s

G er m : S ch w ar t z e N i es

n e r o.
g

Ar

G er ar d e, H

r o s es ,

S weet

H ell e

P O LYA N D R I A P O L YGY N I A

al

id

27 4

M el ampo di u m, O l d Ph

783

mer i t z a

UL T I S I L I Q UJE

H ell eb or o

i fer ou

L H el l b or e a eu r s

ii a t sc h

P l

v er u s ,

sch er n

i g er

H i st

sepal s

in t h

l ow e r

fr om t h i r t y t o si xt y
O v ar i es fr om t h r ee
o r i cu l ar
C ap su l es c or i aceou s
S eed s
on
a l i n ear , d ou l e n ot ch e d r e c e t acl e
p
.

mas

S t ig

d i spos e d i n

F et i d, st i ff,

PEC

i g er , L i n

C lu s

s,
n

or u s

y x per man en t ,
ei g h t t o t en , v er y

AR

t o t en

E L L E B O R E ZE

P et a l s fr om

o v al

Du t

eer o se.
.

H el l e

or o n er o

O r d er , M

E ll e

ser o d

GE

or u s n

i g er l eg i t i mu

I t al

or u s

mm 1 8 6

H el l e

Sor t n y

B au h

RE G

FO

el l e

c or

HR
S

t wo

i aceou s ,

c ap es

It
H I S TO R Y

mi n al

er

r ow s ,
n e ar

l ea

ly

es s,

mo ot h h

ear i n

er

s,

w i t h di vi d ed l eav es

t o t wo

on e

ow e r s

lon g t i me su ppo s e d t h at t h i s pl an t w as
t h e Bu t l g s p m o f t h e G r e e k ph y si ci an s b u t t h e r ese ar ch e s
o f T o u r n e for t an d S i b t h o r
p pr o v e t h e t r u e bl ac k H ell e b or e o f
t h e an c i en t s t o b e a d i st i n c t sp e c i e s fr o m o u r H ell e b or u s n i g er
H ah n eman n
an d d en o mi n at e d by t h em H el l e b or u s o f c i n al i s
h as e n d e av o u r e d t o S h o w t h at by a d i er e i i t r e ad i n g o f t h e
G r e e k t e x t w e may c o n si d er t h e se pl an t s i d en t i c al ; y e t t h e
o i n i o n s o f su c h w e ll k n o w n b o t an i s t s ar e qu i t e c on c l u si v e as t o
p
.

w as fo r
oe

o o

'

F ig
3

O n th

A pet al
e

H el l e

or i s

men

st a

G er men

m o f t h e A n c i en t s

et c .

t r an sl at ed by R

D u dg eo n

M D
.

2 86
th

FL OR A
d i st i n c t i ve

M el amp o d o n

dr u

by

so

tru

cu r ed

th

ol

d au

t wo

vi g b e e

E AA eBoeo;

f th

me o f t h

i s en fr o m i t s h

as ar

lb u m t h e
M e l ampu s
a

ch ar ac t e r s

u se

H O M O EO P A T H I C A

f th

pe ci es

Di

t s, t h

dr u

ki n g

t er m

i es fo r t h i s

sat or

pe n

Pr o et u s

of

Th

mi st ak en fo r t h

an c i e n

gh t e r s

V er at r u m

g by
o

w h i ch

f th

Ar

y o n t h e H ell eb or i sm
o f t h e A n ci en t s h e
pr o v e s t h at Ve r at r u m alb u m w as n o t d en o
mi n at e d AA B g A
s u n t i l aft e r
t h e d i s c o v er y o f t h e H ell e
b or u s n i g er b u t t h at i t w as t er me d by t h e m H el l ebor e
z xn
t h e r e by d e n o t i n g t h at i t w as t h ei r s o l e an d w e ll k n o w n e v acu an t

N a vi g e t A n t i c y r am
an d i f t h i s b e t h e c ase t h e o l d pr o v e r b
s e n d a ma d man a v o y ag e t o A n t i c y r a w i ll apply e qu all y t o t h e
V er at r u m alb u m as t o t h e H ell eb or u s n i g er
I n e ar ly t i e s i t w as u se d i n man i a an d d r o ps y fr o m i t s
e cu li ar d r as t i c pr o p er t i e s t h e an c i en t ph y si c i an s c on si d e r i n g
p
t h at i t g o t r i d o f t h e bl ac k b i l e w h i ch w as su pp o se d t o c au se
P ar ac e l su s e xt o l s i t s vi r t u e s i n g o u t sk i n d i s
t h e s e di se ases
I t w as fo u n d e spe c i ally s er vi c e abl e
e ase s e pi l e ps y an d j au n d i c e
In
t o r pi d ph l e gmat i c i n d i vi d u al s e spe c i ally w h en t h e pe l vi c
D r M e ad an d o t h er s e mpl o y e d i t
w as l an g u i d
c i r c u l at i o n
w i t h gr e at su c c ess as an e mme n ag o g u e an d i t h as b een fo u n d
h y po ch o n d r i asi s an d h y s t er i a ;
u se fu l by man y ph y si c i an s i n
h e ad ach e s w i t h s o mn o l en c y w h i ch ar e i n cr e ase d by mo ve
i
an
v
g

I n H ah

n e

man

mo st

di t e

er u

e ss a

o os

svu o

n ar e o

v,

men

t s,

et c

et c

D ES C R I PT IO N

o w er i n g

fr o m

Th

H el l e b o r u s

D e cemb er

to M

ar c h

i g er i s
h

en c e

its

p er en

me

n a

i al pl an t ,

Ch r i

st

mas

ar
l
g e c o mpose d o f v e SI X
p
mo r e l e a et s of a d e ep gr e en c o l ou r smo o t h an d d o t t e d
or
T h e l eaet s ar e o v at e l an c eo l at e smoo t h sh i n i n g
w i t h r ed
w i t h t h e di s t al h al f o f e ach S l i g h t ly s er r at e d
an d c or i ac e o u s
T h e ow er s t a l ls i s a sc ape s i x or e i gh t i n ch es i n l e n g t h er e c t

ose

Th

l eaves

'

ar e

e d at e ,

d oes

T h is

c an

n ot

si g n

pr oved, an

be
i fy

on

l y i n t er est i n g
Th

d i t i s t h at

g ar d s t h

as r e

H el l eb or u

speci es

we

s n

i g er i s t h

mu st

d escr i

of

th

pl an t , p r a c t i c a l l y i t

pl an t w h i ch H ah n

h i st o r y

man n

an

o t h er s

H E LLE B O R U S
r ou n

Th
ed

d,

ar

i e g at e d w i t h

br a ct ea s ,

es

Th

ve

or
ca l

o a

yx

l l ea ves ,

(cor ol l a

su

ar e

I GE R
r
o
p

287

t in

at e ,

c o n si s t s

on e o r

an

t wo

d i n d en

f ve

l ar g e
c o lo u r

o w er s

t ed

at

r ou n

th

d i sh

r s t w h i t e o r o f a pal e r o se
d e ep en i n g
by ag e an d n ally b e co mi n g gr e en aft er t h e i mpr eg n at i o n o f
t h e see d
T h e p et a l s ar e t u b u l ar an d t w o l i pp e d
T h e l a men t s
ar e n u me r o u s fr o m t h i r t y t o s i x t y i n
n u mb er
c a i ll ar y
an d
p
e ll o w an t h er s
s u ppo r t i n
y
T h e g er men s ab o u t si x o r e i gh t i n
g
n u mb e r
b e c o me po d s c o n t ai n i n g man y black sh i n i n g se e d s
F e w pl an t s ar e mo r e e l e g an t ; t h e l ar g e c o n c av e o w er s
ar e n e ly c o n t r ast e d w i t h
w h i t e w i t h a t i n g e o f bl u sh c o l o u r
t h e a mpl e d ar k an d sh i n i n g fo l i ag e
T h e r o o t s ar e p e r e n n i al
v er y bl ac k e xt er n ally w i t h n u mer o u s lo n g si mpl e
c r e e pi n g
h
e d i s t i n c t i v e c h ar ac t e r s b e t w e en
e r p e n di c u l ar b r e s
T
t
h
e
p
H ell eb or u s n i g er an d H ell eb o r u s O ffi ci n ali s o r o r i en t ali s s e em
t o b e t h at i n t h e O ffi c i n ali s t h e o w e r st al k s d o n o t r i s e ab o v e
t h e l eav e s b u t ar e b r an c h e d b e ar i n g v e o r si x d r o o pi n g c o n
as t h e y fad e ; t h e l e av e s
c av e o w e r s w h i t e t u r n i n g pu r pl i sh
ar e t r u ly pe d at e an d t h e i r l o b e s e lli pt i c al t w i c e t h e b r e ad t h o f
t h e H e l l eb or u s n i g er
T h e pr o pe r t i e s o f t h e o r i en t ali s ar e
c on ca

se

pal s ,

r e d , an

at

mu ch mo r e

ac t i

W o o d v i lle

ve

bu t t h

e e e ct s

mu ch

th

me

e sa

y s : I f an y ar gu men t s w er e r e qu i r e d t o e vi n c e
t h e n ec e ssi t y O f b o t an i c al ac c u r ac y i n di s cr i mi n at i n g me di c i n al
l
an t s t h e H e ll e b o r u s n i g er w o u l d fu r n i sh u s w i t h
man y fac t s
p
i n w h i ch su ch ar g u me n t s mi gh t b e d e d u c e d ; for a gr e at n u m
b e r o f i n s t an c e s ar e r e c o r d e d o f t h e e ffe c t s o f t h i s pl an t by w h i ch
i t si n c e appe ar s t h at o t h er pl an t s w e r e mi st ake n for i t an d
ac t u ally e mpl o y e d ; o f t h es e w e may e n u me r at e t h e H ell e b o r u s
vi r i di s A d o n i s v e r n ali s T r o i l l u s E u r opaeu s A c t aea spi cat a
A st r an t i a maj or an d A c o n i t u m N ape ll u s ; an d as t h e r o o t s O f
t h e s e pl an t s po ss e s s v e r y d i ffer en t po w e r s w e c an n o t b e su r
r i s e d t h at t h e me d i c al h i st o r y of t h i s r o o t i s n o t o n ly c o n fu s e d
p
an d c on t r ad i c t or y b u t c al c u l at e d t o pr o d u c e v er y mi sch i ev o u s

an d ev e n fat al c on se qu en c es
sa

FLO R A

2 88

D I S TR I B U T I O N M

G E OG R A PHIC A L
c i al

ly

in

Vo ge
s

o cA L I T I E s

PA R
Th

A u st r i a, C

P yr e n

s,

T S

e e s,

IN

ar n

A lps ,

O n

US E D

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

r oc

It ly

i o l a,
et c

ky

as al l o t h e r

an

d w o ody

ED I C I N E

pl an t s

fr esh

an

ar

ts

f E

u r o e, e s
p

Bu r g u

d y,

G r ee c e ;

F r e sh R o o t , w h i ch i s d u g

o st

Th

MODE

AN D

u
e

mou n

t ai n
OF

P R P A R A TI O N
E

b o u t C h r i st mas an d pr e par e d
r o o t h as b e e n
ad u l t er at e d w i t h

l
an t s
as t h e
A
o n i t u m n e o mon t an u m
c
p
A d on i s v e r n ali s H e ll e b or u s vi r i di s T r o i l l u s E u r o paeu s A c t ae a
er
c olo u r
s i c at a
t
h
s e ma
di
s t i n g u i sh e d
by
h
i
r
a
l
e
b
e
t
e
p
p
y
B o t h t h e v i r t u e s an d pr o per t i e s o f t h e r o o t ar e i mpai r e d by
k e e pi n g
P H YS I OLOG I CA L E FF E C T S 0 n A n i ma l s E xp er i men t s o n
t h at w h en a d mi n i s t er e d i n d o ses o f t w o o r
an i mal s h a v e sh ow n
t h r e e d r a ch ms t o d o g s d e at h e n su e s i n t h e c o u r s e o f si x t ee n o r
e i gh t ee n h ou r s
S mall e r an i mal s ar e ki ll e d by i t s e xh i b i t i on i n
mu ch l e ss t i me : fo r e x ampl e t en gr ai n s o f t h e e x t r ac t i n t r o
d u c e d i n t o t h e w i n d pi p e o f a r abb i t d est r o y e d li fe i n si x
mi n u t e s ; b u t w i t h t h i s as w i t h man y o t h e r poi son s t h e effe c t s
ar e g r e at e r w h en
ap l i e d t o se r o u s su r fac e s an d i n s e r t e d i n t o
p
w ou n d s t h an w h e n t ak e n i n t o t h e st o mach
S i x g r ai n s o f p o w d e r e d H e ll e b o r e w er e spr i n kl e d o v er a
w o u n d mad e i n t h e i n t e r i or o f t h e t h i gh o f a s mall y o u n g d o g ;
t h er e w er e n o v i si bl e sy mpt o ms at t h e e xpi r at i o n o f e i gh t h o u r s
t h e n e x t d ay t w en t y h o u r s aft e r t h e o per at i on t h e an i mal w as
lyi n g d o w n o n i t s si d e i n a s t at e o f g r eat d ej e c t i on H e w as
qu i t e s en si ble t o e xt er n al i mpr e ssi on s ; h e c ou ld b e mo ve d li k e
an i n er t mas s o f mat t er
b u t c o u l d n o t by an y me an s k e e p h i m
H e d i e d t h r e e h ou r s aft e r ; n o s en si bl e l e si o n
se l f O n h i s l e g s
w as pe r c e i v e d i n t h e d i g e s t i v e c an al o r i n t h e l u n g s (O rf l a
th

r oot s

ot

er

ci t

l e ad i n g sympt oms ar e e ffor t s t o vo mi t g i ddi

n e ss p al s y O f t h e h i n d l e g s an d i n s e n s i b i l i t y
O n M a n B l ac k H e ll e b o r e i s a l o c al i r r i t an t ; g i v e n i n small
d o se s i t i n c r e as es t h e se c r e t i on an d per i st al t i c mo t i o n o f t h e
al l c ase s

In

th

H E LLE B O R U S
i n t e st i n

l ar g er
th

e s, a n

ac t s as a s t i

d o ses , i t

e s t at e o

f th

o ft e n

pu

as a n ar c o t i c a c r

in g
e

th

in

p ai n

x t r e mi t i es

co

ls e

st o

ld

t t

o c c as o n s s c

In

i d po i so n

mu l an

mac h

sw e at s ,

T w o p e r so n s t o o k
qu ar t er s o f an h o u r

e
an

an

I GE R

th

kn e ss

x c e ssi ve
d

c au s e s

e ss ,

d e co ct i o n

p
o

co

or

d i n t e st i n

fai n t n

2 89

p
o

l vi c

ld

ci r cu

S w e at s ,

o i s o n ou s

mi t i n

ly si s

f th is

an

r o ot

d o se s , i t

ac t s

gi n g bu r n
o f t h e l o w er

mps

ar a

u
r
p

cr a

e s,

l at i o n I n
an d l o w e r s
,

d d e at h

c i d er

in

th

r ee

l mi n g sy mpt oms w er e
d e v e l o pe d w i t h o u t e x ci t i n g su spi c i o n o f t h e r e al c au s e
On e
t h e r e fo r e t o o k an o t h e r d o s e w h en v o mi t i n g d el i
o f t h e me n
i mme d i at e c o l d
r i u m h or r i bl e c on vu l s i on s a c c o mpan i e d w i t h
n ess
su
O n d i s s ec t i on
per v en e d an d d e at h at l ast e n su e d
h o u r s aft e r w ar d s t h e appe ar an c e s i n e ach w e r e fou n d
s i x t e en
h
o n e w h o t o o k t h e l ar g e s t
e x c e t t h at i n
t
e
r e c i se ly s i mi l ar
p
p
q u an t i t y t h e y w er e mo r e st r on gly mar k e d ; t h e l u n g s w er e
g o r g e d w i t h blo o d ; t h e mu c o u s membr an e o f t h e s t o mach w as
an d r e d u c e d
c o n si d e r ably i n ame d o f a bl ac k i sh b r o w n c o l o u r
t h e oes o ph ag u s an d i n t e st i n e s
al mo s t t o a g an g r e n o u s s t at e ;
w e r e n at u r al (B ech s E l of M ed )
A man w h o appe ar e d t o b e n e ar ly ft y y e ar s o l d b ei n g i n
t h e h o spi t al on a c c o u n t o f me l an c h o l i a w as ab ou t t o d e p ar t
w h e n h e t o o k s o me e x t r ac t o f bl ac k H ell e b or e by w h i c h h e
I n t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e n i g h t at
w as c o n si d e r ably p u r g e d
t h e s e v e n t h o r e i gh t h h o u r aft er t aki n g i t h e w as at t ack e d by
v o mi t i n g an d pai n s i n t h e ab d o me n w h i ch w er e allay e d by
h ou r o f t h e n i gh t t h o se sy mpt o ms
ab o u t t h e ft h
w ar m b r o t h
H e l ay d o w n an h o u r
r el i e v e d
an d w e r e ag ai n
r et u r n e d
a ft e r w ar d s h av i n g v o mi t e d t w o o r t h r ee sp oo n fu l s o f a g r e en i sh
S O qu i e t ly d i d h e r e st t h at n o n e o f t h e pat i en t s i n t h e
mat t er
b e d s h e ar d h i m ; b u t at t h e e i gh t h h o u r t h e y w e r e
n e ar e s t
an d
a t t r ac t e d t o h i s b e d si d e by a pe c u l i ar n o i s e fr o m h i s mou t h
H e h a d t ak e n ab o u t h alf a d r ach m o f t h e
f o u n d h i m d e ad
h ad b e e n a d mi n i st er e d t o o t h er s w i t h
a qu an t i t y w h i ch
e x t r ac t
i mpu n i t y
H e h ad h o w e v e r n e gl e c t e d t o d r i n k c o pi o u sly o f
O n ex
w h e y a p r e c au t i o n i t w a s c u st o mar y t o r e c o mme n d
ft er t aki n

it ,

a ar

FLO R A

290

mi n at i on

bu t

Th

an

an
ar

gu s

y
.

d i n t e st i n

th

wh

l i ix

ar

vo

t ;

my

th

i s pl an t , w h i ch

i
p p ls,
u

ar e

m as

an

oes o p

U S E S (H O M CE O P A T H I C ) H

IC A L
sy mp t o ms

my s el f

in

d e S ed M

E D
e

mach

(M or g ag n i

st o

vi l e t ly

n ot

th e

H O M tE O P A T H I C A

b u t fe w i n

es

c er e

hn

man n

o e

ve b e

n u

w er

br u m

en

mb er

in

ame d

so ft

w as

s obser va t i on s

b s er v e d by
n e v e r t h e l ess
o

r st st ep mad e i n a n ew pat h I t
k
i
n ds
a p e ar s t h at H e ll eb o r u s n i g e r may b e u se fu l i n c e r t ai n
p
t h o s e d i s e as e s c h ar ac t e r i se d by S w e lli n g s an d i n
o f fe v e r s i n
W h en t h e mo r bi d c on di t i on s
affe c t i on s O f t h e mi n d
c er t ai n
t h at t h i s pl an t o c c asi o n s h av e b ee n mo r e c o mpl e t e ly st u di e d w e
man y
sh all k n o w w h at w e r e t h e d i s e as e s fo r t h e c u r e o f w h i c h
t
h
at t h e
t
h
e pl an t
l
ac e s i n
r e ec e w er e s o c e l e b r at e d ; for
G
p
an ci e n t s e mpl o y e d w as a s pe c i e s o f H ell e b o r e v e r y si mi l ar t o

t h i s b u t w i t h o w er s o f a p al e r e d c o l ou r

S
R
I
N
s
L
IC
S ch r 6 n s ay s t h at H e ll e b or u s n i g er
A
L
O
B
E
V
A
T
O
C IN
on
ser o u s me mb r an es ;
a
e ar s t o e x e r t i t s sp e ci c ac t i on
i
t
pp
i n cr e as e s t h e a c t i o n o f t h e c i r cu l at o r y o r g an s an d e spe ci ally o f
t h e h ear t i n a mo st e x t r ao r d i n ar y man n er
I t al s o app e ar s t o b e
e sp e c i al l y s e r vi c e abl e i n fat
l
e t h o r i c c o n s t i t u t i o n s an d i n
th e
p
A cu t e
ph l e g mat i c an d c h o l e r i c t e mp er ame n t s G e n er al d r o psy
d r o ps y w i t h s w e lli n g o f t h e fac e an d w h o l e b o d y e t c
G e n er al
an asar c a e s pe c i all y aft e r s c ar l e t fe v e r
K n o r r e r e c o mme n d s l ar g e
an d fr e q u e n t d o s e s i n c h r o n i c d r o s y
u l l e n b e i n r e c o mme n d s
M
p
i t i n d r o ps y aft e r ag u e t h e ag u e h avi n g b e e n c u r e d by A r s e n i c u m
H elleb or u s n i g er an d S ci lla mar i t i ma s e em t o b e e spe ci ally
s e r v i c e abl e i n
t h e d r op s y o f c h i l d r e n
mo r e t h an i n g r o w n u p
on s
e
r
s
R et r o c e d e d me asle s w i t h me t ast asi s t o t h e me mbr an e s
p
of t h e
b r ai n
Ti n e a c api t i s w i t h sw e lli n g o f t h e c er vi c al
gl an d s H y d r o c e ph al u s ac u t u s i n t h e s e c o n d s t ag e ; w h en
t h e c h i l d s c r e ams t h r o w s t h e h e ad b ac kw ar d s w i t h c o n u l
s i ve
mo v emen t s o f t h e l i mb s e spec i ally t h e r i g h t ar m an d
l e ft fo ot A c o n i t e B e llad o n n a R h u s A r n i c a an d H ell eb o r u s
i n t h e h i g h po t en c i e s h ad fai l e d i n g i v i n g r el i e f i n t h i s c ase
Ti n c t u r e o f H ell eb o r e t e n d r o ps i n
o f d i s t i ll e d w at e r
i
en
v
g
may

on e

c o n si d e r

th

H E

LLEB O R U S

I GE R

29 1

r st ev er y ve mi n u t e s i n c r e asi n g t h e i n t er val b e t w een t h e

d o se t o e v er y h alf h o u r an d t h e n t o e v e r y fo r t y e i gh t h o u r s cu r e d
t h e c h i l d (H a r t l au b)
H y d r o c e ph alu s aft e r s c ar l e t fe v e r w i t h
A c o n i t e B e ll a d o n n a e t c
A ph t h m o n t h e t o n g u e (F r a n k)
S t oma c ac e
A ph t h m w i t h i n c r e ase d s e c r e t i o n o f s al i v a
C on
s t i a t i on
f
a
t er g as t r o d y n i a i n o b st i n a t e c as e s
P ar al y si s O f t h e
p
bl add er w i t h ex c e ssi v e d i st en si o n
P ai n fu l mi c t u r i t i on d r op
by d r o p C o mpl e t e su ppr e s si o n o f u r i n e fo r t h r e e d ay s w i t h
(E d e ma o f t h e
p ai n fu l d e si r e W i t h e mi s si on o f d r o ps o f bl o o d
l i mb s
C o l d n e s s o f t h e w h ol e b o d y
S l o w pu l se
Ye ll o w
o f t h e S ki n
c o lo u r
D r y t on g u e
M u c h t h i r st (M or z ba u er )
(E d e ma s c r o t ali s r h e u mat i c u m
H y d r o t h or ax e sp e c i all y aft er
sc ar l e t fe v e r
A N T I D O T E s T o l ar g e d o s e s O xy me l (C G esn er ) T o smal l
d o s e s C amph or
C h in a
O h l k au t h s ay s t h at magn e t i c p asse s
r e li e v e d t h e vi o l en t s as ms w h i ch
h
b
x
e d by H e ll e
i
a
d
en
e
c
t
e
p
b or u s n i g er
at

X X XV

H YO S C YA M US
C ommon H
S YN O N YM S H y

ban

en

mu s

o s cy a

vu

N I G ER

B l a ch H

e,

l g ar i s

et

en

ban

i g er , B au h

H og bea n

e,
'

I Iw

p 1 69
.

mu s

Hy

o scy a

Hy o
H y o scy amu s, H a l l H i st , v ol i p 2 5 4
g ar i s, R a i i Sy n , v ol i p 2 7 4
H y o scy amu s l e t h al i s, S a l i s b P r od r , p 1 3 1
s cy amu s n i g er , G er ar d e E m , p 3 5 3
H y o sc y amu s avu s, F u ch s H i s t , 8 33, f H y o sc y amu s n i g er , L i n n Sp P l , p 2 5 7

vu l

RE G
I

ME F
S

M i emen d r o, Vel h
H

o n seb an e

at

S we d

B ol mor t , H

o n s ab l e .

HR
A

s w el l i n

al

el o w ,

n el - sh ape d ,

fu n

ve

SO L A N

po t el

G er m

B el en

E ZE

a.

J u ss

B el en

r a b.

i r r eg u l ar

e cy

Vl

e en o

Dan

P E N TA N D I A
R

S i ck r a u

i n fer i or , l ar g e, per man en t , of on e sepal

cl eft a ove , se g men t s po i n t e d
C or o l l a of

o,

B il s en k r au t

I t al

li n dr i c al , sh

or

t ; lim

r at h er

tu

on e

l ar ,

pet al

S pr e adi n

g,
th e

men t s on e o f w h i ch i s br o ad er t h an
r e st
F i l amen t s aw l S h ape d fr om s ome par t o f t h e t u b e o f t h e c or ol l a
i n cl i n i n g somew h at u n e qu al i n l en g t h
A n t h er s h ear t sh aped i n cu m
b en t G er men r ou n di sh S ty l e t h r ead sh aped r ecli n i n g t h e l en g t h of
t h e l on g er s t amen s
S t i g ma c api t at e
C apsu l e eg g sh ape d l l i n g t h e
b o dy o f t h e c al y x bl u n t so mew h at compr ess ed an d mar k ed w i t h a
i n ve d e ep,

bl

R u ss

O N OGY N I A

GE N

an eb an e

Yo sci amo

Por t

en o .

O r d er , L UR I DZE , L i n

J u s qu i ame, ou H

u n

t,

r ou n

ded

s eg

l on g i t u di n al fu r r ow at each si d e , o f t w o cell s , open i n g t r an sv er sel y b y

R ecep t a c l es (p l a cen t a s) o l on g , c on v ex, at t ach e d t o t h
c on v ex l i d

di cu l ar par t i t i on
S eed s n
d ot t ed, c over i n g t h e r e c ept acl es

per pen

mer ou s

in

v er sel y

eg

a
e

sh ape d , cu r v ed ,

T h e mon opet al ou s, i n fer i or fu n n el sh ape d cor o l l a t h e

t h e t w o c el l ed c ap su l e, open i n g at t h e ap ex by a t r an
-

c api t at e s t i g
sv er se aper

ma

an

t u r e, w ill

d i s t i n g u i sh t h i s fr om o t h er g en er a i n t h e same c l ass an d or d er (B axt er

S C C A R L eaves cl aspi n g t h e st em, si n u at e d F l ower s ses sil e

PE

F ig
3

S e ed

so

Th

e c or o l l a, sh o w i n

vessel

F r om
b ear s

g th

po si t i on

of

th

men

e st a

St y l e

an

st i g

ma

c o s, a

h og ,

an

me r esembl an ce

d
to

u van a s, a

ean

e an

H og s

ar e

sai d

to

eat

th

fr u i t , wh i ch

H YO S C YA M US

H I S TO R Y
cor

i d es

by

th

e co o u r

m
u
s
y

N I

GE R

293

y o s c yamu s n i g er i s t h e T
d esc r i b e d t h r e e spe c i e s w h i ch

o c n u a gxos

f t h ei r

see d s

bu t h

c o n si d er e d

w:

w e r e di st i n

th

g u i sh e d

th

at

f Dios

Hy

lb u s w as t h e o n ly o n e t for me di ci n al pu r po se s T h e
black (H yo scy amu s n i g er ) h e r ej e ct s as b ei n g h i gh ly po i so n o u s
A c c or di n g t o S pr e n g el t h e H y o s c y amu s d e scr i b e d by H i ppo
c r at e s i s t h e H y o s cy amu s alb u s
T h e fol lo w i n g i s P li n y s ac c o u n t o f H en b an e (H ol l a n d s
T r an s
ed
1 601 p
M or e o ver
u n to
H er c u le s i s
H e n b an e w h i ch t h e L at i n e s c all A ppol l i n ar i s ; t h e
as c r i b e d
A r ab i an s A l t e r c u m o r A l t er c an g en o n ; b u t t h e G r e ek s H y o
M
an y k i n d s t h e r e b e o f i t
h
o n e b e ar e t h
bl ack
s c amu s
t
e
y
on
r
d
u
l
e
an
t
h
i
s
h
a
ll
se e d o w e r s st an d i n g mu ch u
e
r
b
e
i
u
s
f
p p
p
s u c h i s t h e H e n b an e t h at g r o w e t h
an d i n v e r y t r u t h
o f pr i ck e s
T h e c o mmon H e n b an e i s w h i t er an d b r au n c h e t h
i n G al at i a
mo r e t h an t h e o t h e r t all er al so t h an t h e po ppi e
T h e t h ir d
ki n d b r i n g e t h fo r t h see d li k e u n t o t h e gr ai n s o f i r i s A l l t h e
so r t o f t h ese al r e adi e n ame d t r o u bl e t h e b r ai n e an d
u t me n
p
b e si d e s t h ei r r i gh t w i t s : b e si d es t h at t h ey b r e e d d i z z i n e s ss o f
t h e h e ad
A s t o u ch i n g t h e fou r t h i t c ar i e t h l e ave s s o ft fu ll o f
d o w n fu ll er an d fat t er t h an t h e r e s t : t h e s e e d al s o i s w h i t e
an d i t g r o w e t h by t h e se asi d e
P h y si c i an s ar e n o t afr ai d t o u s e
sc

'

th

is in

see

th

ei r

co

H ow b ei t

mpo si t i o n
,

ot

er

s,

n o

w i l e s, t h

mo r e

th

is wh it e

an

th

ki n d

at

es

w h i ch

lly

eci a

as

r e

i f i t bee

gh ly r i pe pr o o v e t h t o b e r e dd i sh an d t h en i t i s
r ej e c t e d by t h e
h
y
si c i an s
or
o t h er w i s e n o n e o f t h e m al l
F
p
w o u l d b e g at h er e d b u t w h e n t h e y b ee fu lly d r i e
H en b an e i s
th

n ot

r ou

of

th

e n at u r e o f

wi n

e , an

d th

er e fo r e o ffe n si

ve

t o th

e u n

d e r st an d

bl et h t h e h ead H o w b ei t g o o d u s e t h er e i s b o t h
o f t h e se e d i t se lfe as i t i s i n su b st an c e an d al s o o f t h e o i le or
j u i c e d r aw n e o u t of i t apar t A n d y e t t h e s t al k l e ave s an d
o r mi n e o w n e par t
I
F
r o o t s ar e e mpl o y e d i n
s o me
u r p ose s
p
h o l d i t t o b e a d an g er o u s me d i ci n e an d n o t t o b e u s e d b u t w i t h
gr eat h e e d an d d i sc r et i on F o r t h i s i s c er t ai n el y k n o w n e t h at
i f o n e t ak e i n d r i n k e mor e t h an fo u r l e av e s t h er e o f i t wi l l pu t
in g

an

d t r ou

B B

FLO R A

94

h i m b e si d e h i mself

l (I

oi e

An

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

i
s mad e o f t h
y)

br ai n e
d r i n ke i t
e

s er

ve

men h
tr

Bu t

yi n g

vet h

b en

s t r an

ll th in g

of

a c ou n t e r

as

e e ar e s

th

is

oi e,

i
p

o son

is y
th

n ou

er eo f,

h
t
o t r ou
g

ro

s,

ve

bl e

i f i t b e t ak e n i n

at

See h

th

i n d u st r i o u

ow

x
e r i me n t s
an d ma d e n o e n
p
p
i n so mu ch as t h e y h ave fo u n d me an e s

to

it is

e se e d

sa

w h i ch i f i t b e b u t d r o ppe d i n t o t h
th

an

y po y son s t o b e r e me di e s
T h e A r ab i an ph y si c i an s fo llo w e d Di o sc o r i d es i n t h e i r d e s c r i p
t i on an d ap pl i c at i o n o f t h i s pl an t an d r ej ec t t h e H y o s c y amu s
n i g e r as a me d i c i n al d r u g ; b u t t h i s l at t er h as g r ad u ally t ak en
t h e pl ac e o f t h e w h i t e d u r i n g t h e l ast t w o h u n d r e d y e ar s u n t i l
at t h e pr e s e n t t i me t h e H y o sc y amu s alb u s i s s c ar c e ly k n o w n i n
fo r c e d

v er

th

Di

e n sat or

G r ey t h i n
o

Th
h

v e s fci e
u

th

th
e

a b el i e f al so
h
m
i
g
t
o i son
p

in to th
w as

e ar

ch ar

ged

II

w as

as

f th

be i n t r o du

d th

f Sh

me di c al

ced

vi g

ad

B ar o n

W ar s

man d r ak e d r ead
f

sso r s
r
o
e
p

we

av e

I t w as

f t h at d ay

th

at

y st e m by b ei n g po u r e d
c e l e b r a t e d F r e n ch
s u r g eo n

in t o th

A mb r o s e P ar , t h
wit h

Dr

an
e

t i me s

w i t h j u i ce
k e spear e
a p oe t i c al mo d i c at i on
o f H e n b an e
a
o i so n
i
h
ak es e ar e s t i me w e
n
S
p
p
o

I n D r ay t o n

n e

mac o poei as o f mo d er n

n on

vi d en c e
He ba

e ve n

ar

H eb e

th e

b en on

in g

oi s n

at

c o n si d e r e d

i t w as

at

d Ph

an

ks

c u r se d

i es

mi n i st e r e d p o i so n i n

th

i s w ay t o

b e en su ppo s e d t h at S h ak e spear e s
H e b en o n i s t h e u i c e o f e b on y (Vi d e n o t e t o K n i gh t s Sh ake
ac t i
so v
B
H
aml e t
u t t h e O b s e r v at i o n s o f P l i n y
s ear e
)
p
en t i o n e d ab o v e t r an sl at e d by H o ll an d i n 1 6 01 an d t h e k n o w
as m
l e dg e t h at H y o sc yamu s w i ll pr o d u c e an er u pt i on li k e t e t t er s on
w ou l d n o t e s c ape t h e o b s e r v at i o n o f S h ak e spe ar e ;
t h e ski n

h en c e i t may b e c o n c lu d e d t h at
H e b en o n
i s H e n b an e
A s a me d i c i n e i t fell i n t o d i su se u n t i l t h e t i me o f B ar o n
S t Or c k i n 1 7 7 2 w h o pu bli sh e d s e v er al c as es o f di ffe r e n t di s
e as e s i n w h i ch an e x t r ac t pr e par e d fr o m t h e n i c e o f t h i s pl an t
T h ese d i se as es w er e i n t er n al
h ad b ee n fo u n d v e r y e f ca c i o u s
mad n e ss
s pas ms an d c o n v u l si o n s
p al pi t at i on s o f t h e h e ar t
mel an ch oly epi l epsy i n v e t er at e h e ad ach e s h aemopt y si s an d a
F r an c i s

It h

as

a so

H YO S CY A M U S
t r ou

blesome c ou gh

pl ai n t
as

It h

an o d

an

yn e

st r

ar s

so por

i d u lu

h al l H

ac c o

i c,

ll,

an

an

s,

IGE R

et c

l ast men t i on e d c o m
i n all o pat h i c me di ci n e

mpan i e d t h

l si o n s

in

D ys e n t er y

t i sp as mo d i c ,

c on v u

29 5

b e en e mplo y e d

t h en

as s n c e

lar yn gi smu s
C ol l i n

w h i ch

an

se

i ldr en

ch

(R ober t

d at i v e

In

(H ufel a n d

B oy l e)

In

lymph at i c glan d s (H i ml y S a ch s e t c ) F eb r i s
n k)
e li r i u m t r e me n s
ck
r
a
D
B
r
o
n er v o s a v e r s at i l i s
F
P
(
(
M u l l er ) D e me n t i a an d mel an ch o ly (S t or ck G r edi n g F ot h er
M
a r cel l u s )
A
ff
e c t i on s o f t h e
i
d
i
i
l
l
d
n e ss
e y es
et c )
G
(
g
(P h i l oxen es) Ulc er at i o n o f t h e i r i s (H i ml y ) I r i t i s (S ch mi d t )
S cr o fu l o u s ph o t o ph o b i a Wu t z er ) A mau r o si s (L el l e M ol i n el l i )
Vi o l en t o t i t i s (Z oi l u s e t c ) N e u r algi a of t h e fac e (pr o so palg i a)
(H a r r i son ) O d o n t algi a r h eu mat i c a (D u r r ) G as t r al g i a (H a r
r ou
T
r i bol et )
H
o o i n g c o u gh
h
r i s on
C
g
i
n
n
s
e
c
o
d
s
t
a
e
(
p
p
)
c
n gi n a
a
H
i
l
l
ar
e
t
A
S
c
e
r
ec t or i s e t c e t c
h
(
)
p
y
f
DE S C R I P T I O N Th i s plan t i s b i en n i al an d o w e r s fr o m J u n e
T h e r oot i s spi n d l e sh ape d
S t em fr o m o n e t o fo u r
t o A u g u st
fe e t h i g h u pr i gh t r o u n d t o u g h b r an ch e d w o o lly t o w ar d s t h e
T h e l ea ves ar e al t e r n at e s e ssi l e o r s t e m
t o p v er y l e afy
so me w h at e
sh a e d si n u at e d w i t h
c l a spi n g s o ft an d pli an t
gg
p
S h ar p l o b e s d o w n y an d v i sc i d e xh ali n g a po w e r f u l an d o ppr e s
li k e al l t h e r e st o f t h e pl an t F l ow er s n u me r o u s
si v e o d o u r
fr o m t h e b o so ms o f t h e c r o w d e d u ppe r l e a ve s al mo st e n t i r e ly
C a l y x a li t t l e d i st e n d e d o n t h e u n d e r si d e w o o l ly at
sessi l e
t h e b ase t h e t u b u l ar p ar t e n l ar g i n g an d e n c l o si n g t h e see d
v e ssel C or ol l a o f a pal e y ello w i sh b r o w n b e au t ift
n et t ed
F i l a men t s
w i t h pu r pl e v e i n s an d a d ar k pu r pl e e y e o r b as e
C ap su l es i n
A n t h er s an d s t y l e o f a n e d ee p pu r pl e
wh it e
t w o r o w s al l t u r n e d t o o n e si d e en c l o s e d i n t h e p e r man e n t
E ach c ap
c alyx an d for mi n g a k i n d o f u n i l at e r al l eafy spi k e
n d egr ess
s u l e c o n t ai n s a g r e at n u mb e r o f s mal l s eed s w h i ch
by t h e r o u n d e d c o n v e x t o p c o mi n g off li ke t h e l i d o f a box
T h e pl an t i n t h e r st y e ar o f i t s d u r at i o n h as n o s t e m T h e
l e av e s ar e all r ad i c al e ach h avi n g a fo o t st alk or pe di cl e T h e
l eaves ar e w o o lly b u t po s sess li t t le O f t h e O d o u r o f t h e mat u r e
du

r at

i on

f th

'

-e

296

FLO R A

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

an t
v e s o f t h e r s t
T
h
e
e
a
l
l
y e ar d i e i n t h e au t u mn T h e
p
le ave s o f t h e s e c o n d y e ar ar e l ar g e l o n g an d d e eply i n v er s e
se ssi l e
an d n e ar ly e mb r ac e t h e st e m
an d h a vi n g d e c u r r e n t
l o b e s w h i ch ar e o f a mo r e d eli c at e t ex t u r e t h an t h e bl ad e O f
T h e se l o b e s ar e i mpo r t an t po i n t s t o o b ser v e i n e x
t h e l e af
T h e l eav e s ar e v er y cl ammy an d fe t i d
ami n i n g a spe c i men
h avi n g an o d o u r v er y S i mi l ar t o t h at o f t h e bl ac k c u r r an t ; t h e se
ar e t h e t r u e me di c i n al l e av e s an d t h e y sh o u l d b e g at h er e d as
so o n as t h e o w e r s ar e bl o w n
G E O G R A PHI C A L D I S T R I B U T I O N O v er t h e w h o l e o f E u r ope
.

so

me

ar

ts

of

L ocA L I T I E s
-

an

d N

or

th

A mer i c a

mi d st

r o ad si d e s , a

r u

bb i sh

an

on

th

d ebr i s

b e en n at u r ali z e d i n t h i s c o u n t r y an d i s
su ppo s e d t o h av e! b e e n b r o u gh t h e r e by t h e R o man s
P A R T S U S E D I N M E D I C I N E A N D M OD E O F P R E P A R A T I O N
T h e W h o l e P l an t g at h e r e d i n t h e:mo n t h s o f M ay J u n e an d
T h e j u i c e i s e xpr e s se d an d t r e at e d li k e t h at o f al l o t h e r
J u ly
fr e sh pl an t s
P H YS I OLOG I C A L E FF E C T S O n A n i mal s O r l a (op ci t )
d o g s as o n man
r
o
d
g
u
i
n
c
s t at e s t h at H y o s c y amu s ac t s o n
p
d i l at at i o n o f t h e pu pi l w e ak n e s s o f t h e po st e r i or e x t r emi t i es
I t h as b een su ppo se d t o b e v e r y
s t agg e r i n g an d i n s en s i b i li t y
h u r t fu l t o b i r d s par t i c u l ar ly o f t h e g alli n ac e o u s ki n d ; h e n c e
t h e n ame H e n b an e b u t g o at s an d s w i n e e at i t w i t h i mpu n i t y
M o i r o n d (o p c i t ) st at e s t h at g i v en i n l ar g e qu an t i t i es t o
h o r s e s i t c au s e s o n ly S li g h t di l at at i o n o f t h e pu pi l spasmo d i c
mo v e men t s o f t h e li mb s an d i n cr e as e o f t h e pu l s e
O n M a n I n small an d r e pe at e d d ose s i t all ay s n e r v o u s
i r r i t ab i li t y i r r i t at i on an d pr e t er n at u r al s e n si bi l i t y i n an y o r g an
I n l ar g e d o se s i t c au ses h e a d ach e g i dd i n e ss d i mn ess o f si gh t
d i l at at i o n o f t h e pu pi l a g r e at er o r l ess t e n d en c y t o sl e e p an d
s o me c as e s t h e s e sy mpt o ms ar e fo ll o w e d
I
n
ai n fu l d el i r i u m
p
by t h i r st n au se a g r i pi n g an d ei t h er pu r g i n g or c o n st i pat i o n ;
fe b r i l e h e at an d i r r i t at i o n O f t h e ski n
an d i n a fe w i n st an c es
V e r y l ar g e d os e s ar e apt t o b e fo llo w e d by d eli r i u m r at h er t h an
o

f h i ll

A si a,

S o pe s

It h

as

HYO S C YA MU S N I G E R

29 7

sleep I n poisono u s doses it cau ses loss o f spee c h di latation o f

the p u pil dist u rb ance o f v ision distortion o f the face co ma
and deliriu m generally o f the u n man ageable so metimes o f the
f u rio u s kind and par aly sis occ asion ally with conv u l sive move
ments Irritation o f t h e sto mach and bowels manifested by
n au se a vo miting pain and p u rging is occasionally in du ced
(P er ei r a op cit )
B oerha ave experienced a sensation o f trembling an d dr u nken
ness whilst preparing a plaster into the composition o f which
H enb ane entered
Wep fer rel ates t h at several monks made a repast on the roots
o f the wil d endi v e among whi c h were mixed by mistake two
roots o f H enbane In a fe w ho u rs so me experienced vertigo
others a b u r ning o f the t ong u e lips an d t hroat ; severe pain s
were also felt in the iliac region and in al l the j oints T h e
intellectu al facu lties an d the org an s o f vision were perverted
an d the y
gave themselves u p t o actions which were mad and
ridicu lo u s In other c ases a hagg ard c o u ntenance dilat ation
d if c u lty o f bre athing s mall and intermittent
o f the p u pils
p u l s e loss o f speech tris mu s and tempor ary loss o f intellect
have been the princip al sy mpto ms 3 while the extre mities have
been observed to be cold an d nearly paralysed (O wl a v ol ii
pp 1 35 et seq )
Two soldiers ate the yo u n g shoots dressed in olive o i l T hey
presently be came giddy and stu pid lost their speech and had
a du ll h agg ard look T h e p u pils were excessi v ely dilated
and the eyes so insensible that the e y elids did not wink when
the corne a was to u c hed ; the pu lse w as s mall and inter mitting ;
the breathing difc u lt the j aw lo c ked and the mou t h dis
S ensibility was extinct the limbs
t o r t e d by M s u s s ar d on i cu s
were cold and p alsied the arms convu lsed and there was
th at sing u lar u nion o f deliriu m and co ma which is u s u ally
ter med t y mph o man i a A s the palsy and so mnolency ab ated
the deliri u m became more extravagant (C lo qu et i n C r i st
op c i t )
.

'

FL O R A

2 98

H O M CE O P A T H I C A

persons ate the roots o f H enbane by mistake for parsnips

several were delirio u s an d dan c ed abo u t like mani acs ; o n e
appe ared as i f he h ad got dr u nk 3 and on e wo man be c ame pro
fo u n dl y an d irrecover ably co matose
Dr P at o u i l l at o f T o n c y in F ran c e saw nine persons who
were p ois oned by t his root ; so me were s peechless and c o n v u l
si ve others occ asionally howled In al l t here was a protr u sio n
o f the eyes contortion o f the mo u th and deliri u m (P h i l
T r an s
vol x1 p
It is relat ed that a tailor u nder the in u ence o f this plant
co u ld not thre a d his needl e ; his needle see med to h ave three
points (L an cet 1 84 6 p
P ro fessor F oder e (M ed L g a l e vol i v p 23) gives an acco u nt
o f the e ff ect o f the H yos c y amu s alb u s o n the crew o f a F rench
corvette
T h e plant w as bo iled and distrib u ted amon g the
w h l e ship s co mpany ; they were all soon sei z ed with g i d d i
p
ness vo miting con vu l sions colic p u rging and deliri u m o f an
active kind T hey were all relieved by e me t ics and p u rg atives
Dr A rchibald H amilton (E d P l ay s a n d L i t E 8 3 v ol ii
p 2 6 8 ) has described a case w hich was c au sed by the seeds o f
this plant A yo u n g medic al stu dent who took twenty ve
grains o f the seeds w as seiz ed in h alf an ho u r w ith l assitu de
and somnolency conv u lsive move ments o f the ar ms i n c oh e
o f the skin
total
insensibility
and
loss
recollection
r en c
f
o
y
T hese sy mpto ms continu ed fo r thirty t w o hou rs an d then
slowly receded
Si x

DIC A L

H
)

US E S (H O M GE O P A T H I o

/ mcma n

s o bser va t i on s

that H enb ane (H yoscya mu s nig er) in l arge doses

diminishes re markably the heat of the body and relaxes its to n e
fo r a short time in its direct action an d there fore is an e f c a
cion s p alli ative remedy when giv en in moder ate doses inw ardly
an d o u twardl y in s u dden att acks o f tensio n
o f the bres and
inammation does n o t fail t o be considered in this pl ace T his
is not the c ase however with the observation that this p r o
perty only enables it to pal liate very i mper fectly in any dose

Th

fact

H YOSC Y A MUS

N I

GE R

29 9

chronic affections with tension o f bre ; in the end however

it r at her increases th an di minishes the m by its indirect se c ond
m
ary ac tion
ar
a ction which is e x actl
the
opposite
its
pri
o
f
y
y
O n the o t her h and it will help t o assist the power o f the
strengthening re medy in chroni c rel ax ation o f t h e bres as in
its primary action it relaxes an d in its secon d ary action it tends
all the more to ele v ate t h e tone an d t hat in a d u r able manner
In l ar g e doses it likewise possesses the power o f produ cing
he morrh age espe c i ally bleeding fro m the nose and freq u ently
relieving c atamenial u x as I and others have ascertained
F or this reason it c u re s chronic he morrhages in small doses in
an extre mely e ffe c t u al an d l asting manner
T h e most re mark
able thing is t h e arti c i al dise ase i t prod u ces in very large
doses s u spi cio u s qu arrelso me spite fu lly c al u mnio u s re v enge
f u l destr u cti v e fe arless mania hence H enb ane was termed by
the A ncients A l t er c u m; an d this is the kind of mania it speci
c al l y c u res only that in s u ch cases a tenseness o f bre so me
Difc u lty o f
t i mes hinders i t s e ffe c ts fro m being per manent
mo vin g and insensibili t y o f the limbs an d the apoplectic sy mp
to ms i t prod u ces it may also very prob ably be c apable o f c u ring
In l arge doses it prod u c es in i t s d irect primary action c o n v u l
sions an d is con s eq u ently u se f u l in epilepsy prob ably also i n
the loss o f me mory u s u ally ac co mpany ing it as it h as the power
I t s power o f c au sing in its
o f prod u cin g want o f recolle c t ion
d irect a ction sleeplessness with constan t tendency to sl u mber
makes it in chronic sleeplessness a mu ch more permanent
re medy than the frequ ently merely p alliative opiu m especially
as it at the sa me ti me keeps the bowels open al t ho u gh o n ly by
the indirect secondary action o f each dose consequ ently in a
p alli ative w ay
It ca u ses dry co u gh dryness o f the mo u th an d
nose in i t s d irect action 3 it is there fore v ery u s e fu l in ticklin g
cou gh prob ably als o in dry cory z a T h e ow o f mu c u s fro m
the nose an d the fl ow o f s aliva obser v ed fro m its u s e only b e
long to its indirect se c ond ar y a c t ion T h e seeds cau se c o n v u l
sions in t h e fac i al an d oc u l ar mu scles ; and by their a c tion on
,

FLO R A

30 0

H O M GEO P A T H I C A

the head cau se vertigo and a du ll p ain in the membranes

lying u nder the sk u ll T h e practical physician will be able
to take advant age o f this Its direct action lasts scarcely twelve

h o u rs (H a/ m L ess er Wr i t )
C L IN I C A L O B SE R VA T I o n s
N oacls a n d T r i n ks : H yoscyamu s
niger appears partic u l arly e f c ac mu s l n nervo u s constitu tions 3
in tho se irrit able nervo u s states with v ariability and ckl en e s s ;
in hysteri a and hypochondriac al conditions arising fro m grief
fear fright o r anger 3 and in many s pasmodic affections parti
c u l ar l y in w o men and children ; in sp as ms and conv u lsions in
children fro m worms o r fro m teething ; an d in pregn ant
females
E pilepsy from fright
R ed
C hronic he morrh ages
n ess o f the skin
L arge p u stu les
B rown spots o n the skin
like s mall pox Chronic sleeplessness P u erper al fever F e bris
nervosa ver sat i l i s wit h deliriu m and spectr al del u sions Typhu s
fever
Deliri u m tre mens N ymphomania Mel ancholia I n
Toothac he produ ced by cold G rind
ammat i on o f the brain
V o miting o f blood
i n g o f the teeth d u ring sleep in children
after cold with p ain at the scrobic u l u s c ordis on being to u ched
P ainfu l stitches over the abdo men
P ainless diarrh oea o f lying
i n wo men
S p as modic strictu re at the neck o f the bladder
with violent tenes mu s Metrorrhagia Irritable co u gh Dry
night co u gh R he u matic typhoid pne u moni a etc etc
A N T I D O T E S T O large doses Vinegar
Medoro states that a
large dose o f le mon j u ice acts immediately as an an t idote to
H yoscyamu s
Christison d o u bts this T o s mall doses B ella
donna C amphor O pi u m S tramoniu m H yo scyamu s acts
as an antidote to B elladonna and Cina
,

E N D

OF

VO L