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from heated and expanded air that is drawn into the engine via compressor.
All practical air breathing engines are internal combustion engines
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Turbine Powered Jet engines- rotary engines that extract energy from a
flow of combustion gas. They have three core components:
compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. Often called gas
generators are essential parts of the turbine powered jet engines.
1. Turbojet
-is a gas turbine engine that works by compressing air with an inlet
and a compressor (axial, centrifugal, or both). All the air ingested
from the inlet passes through the combustor, compressor and
turbine.
2. Turbofan
-the only difference of turbofans to turbojets is that they have a
frontal fan in front of the engine. The effect of these is that it has a
higher air mass flow rate.
- effects of fan: higher air mass flow rate means higher thrust
without having ignited much of its airflow which in turn avoids extra
fuel consumption, slow average velocity of the mixed exhaust air
conserves energy and allows the engine to be more efficient and
more quiet while the fan allows greater thrust at slow speeds.
- thrust produced by the fan and the core are much more fuel
efficient and higher than the core alone can produce.
- TURBOFAN vs TURBOJET: Turbofans are more efficient than
turbojets at subsonic speeds but produces more drag because of
their large frontal area
-Categories of turbofans are according to bypass ratio (amount of
air that bypasses the core of the engine. Low bypass turbofans often
has a ratio of around less than or equal to 2:1. High bypass ratio
often has 4:1 up to 8:1.
- HIGH BYPASS vs. LOW BYPASS: high bypass has a single fan stage
than the multi-stage fan of the low bypass. Reducing the core mass
flow tends to increase the bypass ratios.
3. Turboprop and turboshaft
-turboprop are jet engines typically connected to a propeller
mechanism via gear reduction. Majority of thrust is contributed by
the propeller rather than the jet engine.
-TURBOPROP vs. TUBOJET AND TURBOFAN: Turboprops have better
performance at low speeds where propeller efficiency is high but is
noisier and less efficient at higher speeds.
good fuel efficiency over a wide range of airspeeds, Mach 0-5.5+; this combination of
efficiencies may permit launching to orbit, single stage, or very rapid, very long distance
intercontinental travel.
-Exists only at the lab prototyping stage.
Water Jet- A water jet, or pump jet, is a marine propulsion system that utilizes a jet of water.
The mechanical arrangement may be a ducted propeller with nozzle, or a centrifugal
compressor and nozzle.
-In boats, can run in shallow water, high acceleration, no risk of engine overload (unlike
propellers), less noise and vibration, highly maneuverable at all boat speeds, high speed
efficiency, less vulnerable to damage from debris, very reliable, more load flexibility, less
harmful to wildlife
-Can be less efficient than a propeller at low speed, more expensive, higher weight in boat
due to entrained water, will not perform well if boat is heavier than the jet is sized for