DEFINITION

PRE

PRESENT PERFECT

SIMPLE PRESENT

We use the simple present to express an action that is done habitually, that happens
every day. The simple present in the English Language is the verbal tense of the present
that expresses a habitual action, that is to say, habits, routines in the daily life
It is formed with the base form of the verb of the infinitive. This infinitive consists of two
particles: to and the base form of the verb. The sentences in Present Simple are formed
using the base of the verb in its infinitive form. Let us remember that a verb in infinitive is
constituted of 2 parts: the particle "to" and the base that is the verb in present; For
example in "to play" we will only use the verb in present ( "play") for the formation of
sentences. To this we will call it "Word in its Simple Form".
In its main form (pronouns I, you, us and them), the verb does not suffer changes in its
spelling.
However, in the verbal form of the 3rd person singular (he, she), the rules exist.
1. In affirmative sentences one must add to the verb in its simple form an "s"; while
the negatives and the questions do not, because it carries it implies in the use of
the auxiliary for 3rd persons "does".
2. When the verb ends in either "s", or a similar sound like "ss", "sh", "ch" or "x", the
ending "is" is added.
3. When the verb ends in "o", also "is" is added.
4. When the verb ends in "y", and once it precedes a consonant, it must be replaced
by "i", then add "is".
Now, in the formation of sentences, for the use of subject services, the basic of the verb
in the infinitive, the follow-up of the complement and the expression of the
corresponding time. In negative sentences, uses before the verb the auxiliary "do" or
"does" If it is the last one in the case, the "s" must be removed from the verb, since it is
now in the auxiliary. In the questions, simply change the auxiliary at the beginning of the
question, followed by the subject and the main verb.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS

We use this tense to indicate that an action is happening in this moment, we have to use
the verb to be Its an action that is happening now.
It is used for events that are occurring at or around this particular moment in time, or to
indicate that something is temporary, or to talk about situations that are changing, and
also to talk about plans in the future, this verb tense expresses Actions of the present
but with certain nuances that differentiate it from the simple present.
For the formation of sentences in Present Progressive, one must use the verb "To be" of
each one of the personal pronouns, followed by the verb or action in gerund. Remember
that in the English language, for a verb to be in its gerund form, one must add at the end
of each verb the ending "-ing", which in Spanish, translates as the ending "-ando", "iendo "Or" yendo.
There are some rules to convert a verb in its simple form to gerund, according to its
termination.
1. If the verb has a single syllable and ends in a consonant preceded by a single
vowel that consonant must be doubled and then added the ending "-ing".
2. If the verb ends in "-e" and this is preceded by a consonant, the "e" is deleted and
instead "-ing" is added.
3. If the verb has more than one syllable and the accent falls on the last, we have to
double the last consonant when we have a single vowel and only consonant in
the last syllable.
4. When a verb ends in "l", and it is preceded by a vowel, said "l" must be doubled
and then "-ing" will be added.
5. In verbs that end in "-ie", this particle must be replaced by an "y" to then add the
"-ing".
Finally, as in all verbal tenses, one must use the expressions of time to indicate that
the action in which the sentence falls is being done at the moment of speaking or to
indicate that we are describing future plans.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT UNREAL

PAS
T

SIMPLE PAST

The simple past is one of these tenses, present in different languages. The mention of
the past refers to actions that have already been carried out previously.
In Castilian, the simple past is also known as simple past tense or preterite indefinite. Its
grammatical time is absolute (it is estimated from who speaks and with respect to the
time in which the expression is concretized) and its verbal aspect is qualified as
perfective.
The simple past in our language, therefore, indicates an action that was already
developed and does not have a necessary link with what is done in the present. The
past in question, therefore, is indefinite and unrelated to the present.
The expression "Juan shouted to see his father" includes the verb to shout conjugated in
simple past. The cry of John developed in a moment already lived, and does not
necessarily have a connection with the present.
In the case of English we can say that it is necessary to take into account other
important aspects regarding the formation and use of the simple past. Thus, in particular,
it establishes the following:
-Generally, it is formed by adding what is the ending "-ed" to the verb. Example: want wanted.
-In this verbal form, there are as many regular verbs as irregular verbs.
-In English the period of time that appears in the sentence is not as important as in
Spanish.

PAST CONTINUOUS

These two concepts (past and continuous) are united in a verbal tense of the English
language: the past continuous, or past continuous in the original language. At this time,
the action mentioned above began to develop in the past (regarding the situation of the
speaker) and then spread over time.
The continuous past can also be used when we have two past actions, one of which has
already ended and the other continuing as the first completed. The action that ended at
the time is expressed in simple past, while the other must appear in continuous past:
"When I shouted, I was talking to Sarah" ).
Although at first glance the simple past and the continuous past seem very easy to
distinguish if their definitions are carefully studied, it is worth mentioning that many
foreigners use the second instead of the first, probably because of certain idiomatic
differences that prevent them from perceiving the application Correct of each one.

It is important to remember that the English language does not use the term time to
group the possible conjugations of the verbs, but uses the word tense; Although in
Spanish we translate it as time, the need to resort to another concept arises because of
not having enough conjugations to express all the verbal tenses. In English, therefore,
many of the tenses denote more than one time, depending on the context.

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST UNREAL

FUT
URE

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

SIMPLE FUTURE

FUTERE CONTINUOUS

PERFECT FUTURE

EXAMPLES

PRE

PRESENT PERFECT

1- Have you already paid your membership?

2- We have played futbol for three years.

3- No, he hasnt done her test yet.

4- Has Tom already done the dinner?

5- No, I havent paid my ticket yet.

6- I havent, seen my girlfriend since last mont.

7- Yes, he has already done her work.

8- He has studied Frances for six years.

9- Sofia hasnt visited his uncless since december.

10- Yes, I have already paid my cards

SIMPLE PRESENT

1- She reads the newspaper every day.

2- We come to school by bus.

3- You work very hard.

4- She likes to sit in the sun.

5- We play in the park every day.

6- He watches his son in the park.

7- We always try to arrive on time.

8- He always walks to school.

9- She does the work of two people.

10- The dog chases the cat all around the house.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1- She is reading the newspaper in the living room.

2- You are working very hard.

3- They are playing in the park.

4- She is doing the work of two people.

5- He is speaking German.

6- The plane is leaving the airport.

7- He is playing in the park.

8- They are selling books there.

9- They are playing chess.

10- The boy is crying because his toy is broken.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1- You have been waiting here for two hours.

2- Have you been waiting here for two hours?

3-You have not been waiting here for two hours.

4- Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

5- They have been talking for the last hour.

6- She has been working at that company for three years.

7- What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?

8- James has been teaching at the university since June.

9- We have been waiting here for over two hours!

10- Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?

PRESENT UNREAL

1- If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don't own a car.

2- She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she
doesn't have much money.
3- I would read more if I didn't watch so much TV.
4- Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.
5- If they worked harder, they would earn more money.

EXCEPTION If I were ...

In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered
grammatically correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should
always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used.
Examples:
6- If he were French, he would live in Paris.
7- If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.
8- I would play basketball if I were taller.
9- I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.
10- I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. Not Correct

PAS
T

SIMPLE PAST

1-I liked the fruits.

2- I listened to music.

3- She called me last week.

4- I read the newspaper yesterday.

5- My mom bought a new car.

6- I to kan english class.

7- My sister drove my car yesterday.

8- My mother turned off the light at 9 oclock.

9- He drank a lot of wter.

10 - He was there.

PAST CONTINUOUS

1- You were working very hard yesterday.

2- They were playing in the park.

3- He was speaking German.

4- The plane was leaving the airport.

5- He was playing in the park.

6- The telephone was ringing.

7- She was cleaning the room.

8- I was fixing the machine.

9- We were planning a party.

10- She was traveling to Europe.

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST UNREAL

FUT

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

1- He will have been driving for an hour by the time he gets home.
2- In November, we will have been living in Spain for eleven years.

3- In December, I will have been working here for two years.

4- By the end of the day, he will have carried ninety bags of potatoes on his
back.
5- Tony will be tired when he gets here because he will have been
exercisingfor four hours.
6- Even though she will have been dancing the whole night, Monica will still
look very fresh.
7- How long will you have been studying when you get your degree?
8- You will have been waiting for over two hours when the train finally
arrives.
9- They will be tired when they get home because they will have been
working late.
10- They will win that contest because they will have been practicing for
months.

SIMPLE FUTURE

1- I wont be your toy again.

2- Shall I invite her to dinner?

3- We are going to have a picnic.

4- They will write a letter to their aunt.

5- My computer is going to fail so soon, it stops suddenly.

6- Will you bring the beer?

7- I shall repair the car.

8- He isnt going to sing in the meeting.

9- Margo shall not cook the dinner.

10- Are you going to think twice?

FUTERE CONTINUOUS

1- If you come before lunch, she will be reading the newspaper

2- You will be working very hard tomorrow morning

3- Tomorrow afternoon at this time, he will be teaching mathematics.

4- At this time next year, he will be living in Boston

5- At this time next year, he will be speaking German.

6- We will be eating lunch at noon.

7- Dont call him at five oclock, he will be having his dance lesson.

8- She will be waiting for him on the corner

9- We will be practicing guitar when you get back.

10- I think, it will be raining in a few minutes.

PERFECT FUTURE

1- This evening I will be dancing

2- Will you be waiting here?

3- Tomorrow we will be working

4- He wont be singing tomorrow.

5- I will be making up her mother.

6- He wont be taking care of his brother.

7- This morning I will be writing

8- Next week they will be working

9- We wont be watching TV

10- Wont she be listening behind the door?

EXC
ERC
ISE
PRESENT PERFECT

Exercise: Complete the sentences

1- Have you _________ paid you membership? (Already/now)

2- We have played futbol ____ three years. (to/for)
3- No, he hasnt done her test _____. (Yet/yesterday)
4- Has Tom ______ done the dinner? (tumorrow/Already)
5- No, I havent paid my ticket _____. (Yet/now)
6- I havent, seen my girlfriend ______ last mont. (Yet/Since)
7- Yes, he has ________ done her work. (Already/For)
8- He has studied Frances ____ six years. (For/to)
9- Sofia hasnt visited his uncless ______ december (Since/Now)
10- Yes, I have _______ paid my cards. (Already/toda)

SIMPLE PRESENT

Exercises: Complete the next sentences. Write correct the verbs

1- I_________ football Tuesday. (Play)

2- She______________ breakfast at eight oclock every day. (eat)

3- We______________ in London in a small house. (live)

4- He______________ tennis with his sister. (play)

5- They______________ television a dinnertime. (watch)

6- It______________ a lot in England. (rain)

7- She______________ school at three oclock. (finish)

8- He______________ a glass of milk in the morning. (drink)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Exercise: Complete the next sentences; write the verbs in the correct
verb tense
1- I______________a sandwich now. (to eat)

2- Mun______________a car now. (to drive)

3- Dad______________a delicious meal. (to cook)

4- We______________because we have a test tomorrow. (to study)

5- Grandpa______________his coffe. (to sip)

6- The people______________their hands with joy. (to clap)

7- My cousins______________in the pool. (to swin)

8- Sammy______________an e-mail to his friend Joe. (to write )

9- The cat______________ after the mouse. (to run)

10- Charly______________8 hours every day. (to sleep)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise: Choose between have or has to form the present perfect

continuous in the following sentences:
I _________ been working all day.

She _________ been studying all morning.

You __________ been eating the whole time.
William __________ been sleeping for four hours.
Kate and Rian _________ been arguing for half an hour.

Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous.

Claire (teach) ________ English since 2006.

We (look) ________ for that document all day.

Mr Smith (speak) ________ on the phone for two hours.

The students are exhausted because they (take) ______ a difficult test.
He (live) _______ here since he was a child.

PRESENT UNREAL

Exercice: Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct tenses.
Example) He ______ (get) promoted if only he ________ (show up) to work
on time.
Hed get promoted if only he showed up to work on time.
If you ________ (have) to start over, what _________ (you do) differently?
The world ______ (be) a much better place if people ______ (be) more
generous.
If she _______ (not be) so stubborn, her co-workers _________ (like) her
more.
If you ______ (eat) a healthy breakfast, you ______ (have) more energy.
I _______ (call) him if I ______ (have) his number.
If he ________ (be) more organized, he _________ (not forget) so many
things.
We _______ (go) with you if we _______ (not have) other plans.
She's very honest; she ________ (not say) that if she ________ (not mean)
it.
How long _______ (it take) if we _________ (hire) someone to do this work?
If they ________ (not buy) so much stuff, they _______ (have) more money
to travel.

PAS
T

SIMPLE PAST

Exercise: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb that is in
parentheses.
Last night we _______ (walk) to the cinema.

Sam ____ (stop) the car to take a picture.

I ____ (study) for the exam for three hours.

They ____ (be) happy to be home.

Sally disappointed she the party.

When I was young, we always ____ (go) to Florida for the summer.

Dan ____ (not/work) last week.

_______ you _______ the dishes?

I ____ (dream) I could fly last night.

We ____ (meet) them at the restaurant.

PAST CONTINUOUS

Exercise: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb that
is in parentheses.
She __________ the lunch basket. (to pack)

I ____________ (not/to whisper)

_________he _________ to help? (to try)
The men _________ at the street corner. (not/to fight)
Frank __________ the grass. (to cut)
__________ you __________ during the last lesson? (to yawn)
They __________ stickers. (to swap)
The guest ___________ the whole evening. (to dance)
We ____________ in the tree house. (not/to hide)
__________ it ___________ dark? (to get)

PAST PERFECT

Exercise: Fill in the correct form of the past perfect simple or past simple as
in the examples.
After the boss _____Peter, he _______ to work in the company. (hire/begin)
_____you _______ the news before you _______ it on TV? (hear/see)
Maria didnt want to see the film because she _______ the book yet.
(see/not read)
The film ______ already _______when we _______ the cinema. (begin/
enter)
Until Sarah ________ Michael, she ____ never ______a boyfriend. (meet,
have)
Bob __________ for years before he finally _______ terribly ill. (smoke/ get)
_______ ever _______walking to school by herself before then? (go)
How many goals ______ the boys _____ by the time it started raining?
(score)
You ________ them to go to the beach, hadnt you? (not allowe)
You _______ in weeks? Thats why you ______ so tired in class. (sleep /
look)
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Exercise: Choose the appropriate verb for the following sentences.

Helen had to washed her hands because she ___________ her car.
She related that she __________ a divorce lawyer.
I ___________ how to dance.
She saw the grocer leave the same way he ________________.
He denied that the man ____________ differently.
His driving lessons _____________ during the summer.
Before yesterday, no requests ______________ for blood donation.
It seemed like somebody _______________ a cake.
Rachel's car, which _______________ in the garage, was apparently
new.
They moved from wherever they ______________ to Vancouver.

PAST UNREAL

FUT

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

SIMPLE FUTURE

FUTERE CONTINUOUS

Exercise: Complete the next sentences.

This evening I _____________.

________________ here?

Tomorrow we ____________.

He __________ tomorrow.

I _____________ her mother.

He ______________of his brother.

This morning I ____________.

Next week they ____________.

We _________ TV

____________ behind the door?

PERFECT FUTURE

ANS
WE
RS
TO
EXC
ERC
ISE

PRE

PRESENT PERFECT

1- Have you already paid your membership?

2- We have played futbol for three years
3- No, he hasnt done her test yet
4- Has Tom already done the dinner?
5- No, I havent paid my ticket yet
6- I havent, seen my girlfriend since last mont
7- Yes, he has already done her work
8- He has studied Frances for six years
9- Sofia hasnt visited his uncless since december
10- Yes, I have already paid my cards

SIMPLE PRESENT

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Choose between have or has to form the present perfect continuous in the
following sentences:
1- I have been working all day.

2- She has been studying all morning.

3- You have been eating the whole time.

4- William has been sleeping for four hours.

5- Kate and Rian have been arguing for half an hour.

Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous

6- Claire has been teaching.
7- We have been looking for that document all day.
8- Mr Smith has been speaking on the phone for two hours.
9- The students are exhausted because they have been taking a difficult test.

10- He has been living here since he was a child.

PRESENT UNREAL

1- If you had to start over, what would you do differently?

2- The world would be a much better place if people were more

generous.

3- If she werent so stubborn, her co-workers would like her more.

4- If you ate a healthy breakfast, youd have more energy.

5- Id call him if I had his number.

6- If he were more organized, he wouldnt forget so many things.

7- Wed go with you if we didnt have other plans.

8- She's very honest; she wouldnt say that if she didnt mean it.

9- How long would it take if we hired someone to do this work?

10- If they didnt buy so much stuff, theyd have more money to travel.

PAS
T

SIMPLE PAST

1- Last night we walked to the cinema.

2- Sam stopped the car to take a picture.

3- I studied for the exam for three hours.

4- They were happy to be home.

5- Sally was disappointed she missed the party.

6- When I was young, we always went to Florida for the summer.

7- Dan didn't work / did not work last week.

8- Did you wash the dishes?

9- I dreamt/ dreamed I could fly last night.

10- We met them at the restaurant.

PAST CONTINUOUS

1- She was packing the lunch basket.

2- I was not whispering.

3- Was he trying to help?

4- The men were not fighting at the street corner.

5- Frank was cutting the grass.

6- Were you yawning during the last lesson?

7- They were swapping stickers.

8- The guest was dancing the whole evening.

9- We were not hiding in the tree house.

10 -Was it getting dark?

PAST PERFECT

1- had hired/began

2- Had Heard/saw

3- hadnt read

4- had/begun/entered

5- met/had had

6- had smoked/got

7- Had gone

8- had scored

9- had allowed

10- hadnt slept / looked

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1- Helen had to washed her hands because she had her car.

2- She related that she had been consulting a divorce lawyer.

3- I have never learnt how to dance.

4- She saw the grocer leave the same way he had come

5- He denied that the man had been treated differently.

6- His driving lessons hadnt been abandoned during the summer.

7- Before yesterday, no requests had been made for blood donation.

8- It seemed like somebody had been cooking a cake.

9- Rachel's car, which had been parked in the garage, was apparently new.

10- They moved from wherever they had been living to Vancouver.

PAST UNREAL

FUT
URE

FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

SIMPLE FUTURE

FUTERE CONTINUOUS

1- This evening I will be dancing

2- Will you be waiting here?

3- Tomorrow we will be working

4- He wont be singing tomorrow.

5- I will be making up her mother.

6- He wont be taking care of his brother.

7- This morning I will be writing

8- Next week they will be working

9- We wont be watching TV

10- Wont she be listening behind the door?

PERFECT FUTURE

BIBLIOGRAFIA