Jacketed Vessel Design (design of dimple jackets)

Jacketed Vessel Design

(design of dimple jackets)

The design of dimple jackets permits construction from light

gauge metals without sacrificing
the strength required to withstand the specified pressure.
This results
in considerable cost saving as compared to convention
jackets. Design calculation begin with an assumed flow
velocity between 2 and 5 ft/s. As a rule of thumb the jacket
pressure will be governing when internal pressure of vessel is
less than 1.67 times the jacket pressure. At such conditions,
dimple jackets are typically more economical than other
choices. However in small vessels (less than 10 gallons) it is
not practical to apply dimple jackets.
The design of dimple jackets is governed by the National
Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors and can be
stamped in accordance with ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel
Code. Dimple jackets are limited to a pressure of 300 psi by
Section VIII, Div.I of the ASME Code. The design temperature
is limited to 700 F. At high temperatures, it is mandatory
that jacket be fabricated from a metal having same thermal
coefficient of expansion as that used in inner vessel.

Heat Transfer Coefficients: Dimple Jackets

All other variables are as previously defined. Garvin (CEP

Magazine, April 2001) reports an average error of 9.8% with
manufacturers data for the above correlation and a maximum
error of 30% over 116 data points. This results in average
deviations in the heat transfer coefficient of 15-20% most of
which was at velocities below 2 ft/s. Good agreement with
manufacturers data was found between 3 and 6 ft/s. A
recommended excess area of 15% should be used in this
velocity range.
Note: The correlation above is for integrally welded jackets
(ie. jackets welded directly to the vessel). If a dimple jacket is
clamped onto an existing vessel and adhered with heat
transfer mastic, the overall heat transfer coefficient of the
system will be very low. Mastic is used to try to minimize air
pocket resistances between the vessel wall and the jacket.
Historically, this arrangement results in poor heat transfer. A
recommended overall heat transfer coefficient of 10-15 Btu/h
ft F should be used for such systems regardless of the
utility used.
Pressure Drop: Dimple Jackets
The pressure loss in a dimple jacket can be estimated from
the following for water or water-like fluids:
Pressure Loss in Jacket = (Total Lenght of Flow, ft) x ((0.40 x
Velocity, ft/s) - 0.35)
Pressure Loss Across Entire Jacket (including inlets and
outlets) = Pressure Loss in Jacket + (0.10)(Pressure Loss in
Jacket)
The above estimates should be used for velocities ranging
from 1.5 to 6 ft/s.

This method is based on a graph found on page 217 of the

Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology by James
Swarbrick.
For detailed design, it is advisable to rely on manufacturer's
data for pressure drop calculations.
Heat Transfer Coefficients Inside Agitated Process
Vessels
In order to complete the overall heat transfer coefficient
calculation, an estimate must also be made inside the
process vessel. The following estimate should yield
reasonable results:

Calculating the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

When calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient for a
system, the vessel wall resistance and any jacket fouling
must be taken into account:

Notice that the thermal conducitivity of the vessel wall and

the wall thickness are included in the calculation. A typical
jacket fouling factor is around 0.001 h ft F/Btu. When

calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient, use a

"common sense" analysis of the final value. The table below
will give some guidance to reasonable final values:
English Units

Metric Units

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