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Assignment
07-09-16 Rochio Varela 0 comment
of
Web
Websites are cost effective. They just require one time installation and we do not have to
worry about installing every time new version of product is available. It can be accessed
by users on various web browsers.
Web applications development can be accessed at any place where there is internet
connectivity.
Unlike desktop applications web applications do not require program installation /
installers to run the application. They can be accessed by client browsers.
The presentation of the web interface can be customized as per the user need which is not
possible with desktop applications where users have to work with the set installer.
Web applications can be accessed by any device like computers, notebooks or mobiles with
internet connectivity or data enabled.
Websites are easier to manage and maintain as with increasing software and hardware
requirements on one system needs to be updated rather than going to rectify the problem
on multiple client systems as with desktop applications. Use of proper updated antivirus
software makes the system robust and easy to manage and secure.
With the use of internet technology, we can achieve interoperability between web
applications which is not possible with isolated desktop systems. It is much easier to
integrate new functionality like shopping cart, search, add, delete, update combo box list,
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view, hide etc. in web applications. This thing is difficult in desktop systems as there we
have to make two systems to communicate with each other.
We can use SSL protocol to secure all online transactions.
(Function-point-resources/function-point-FAQ/web-based-applications, 2015)
P1.2 Differentiate between Various Types of Client Side and Server Side
Scripting Languages
The differences between client side and server side languages are as follows:
Client Side Scripting Languages
These scripts are run on client / user
computers browser.
These are used to put validations and enhance
the effectiveness of web pages.
These are also called front end languages.
(website/client-side-vs-server-side, 2015)
(Interviews/answer/7393/explain-the-difference-between-client-side-script-and-server, 2015)
P1.3 Argue About Security of Web Applications and Give Suggestions for
Improvement
To mark success of your web applications it is important to check and understand if there are any
security vulnerabilities.
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Programmers must construct and define generic error messages in web applications. For
example, if password user enters incorrect password the error message must be Username
or password incorrect rather than Password incorrect.
Cookies must be used securely as they are sent to clients browser and contain valuable
user data so they are vulnerable to spoofing attacks and other malicious use. Care must be
taken so that no important information is stored in cookies. They must be encrypted and
expiration time should be minimal.
While fetching data from database via web application care must be taken that database
has its inherent security mechanism. While querying database when two queries are
concatenated, it must not involve user input. Database system login credentials must be
stored in web.config file which must be secured with credentials.
Web server must be protected with antivirus software.
While using windows operating system over web server, NTFS file system must be used
instead of FAT32 as it provides more security.
Password used for login credentials must be strongly constructed. It must be at least 8
characters long and must be a combination of letters, numbers and special characters.
When programmers use HTTP GET methods along with querystring to pass valuable
information between client and server, it must be checked that parameters are not
manipulated by attackers.
SQL injection attacks are very frequent with web applications. No special character must
be allowed in text boxes. All those points within the web application must be checked that
allow user inputs as attackers can inject SQL commands to extract vital information from
the database.
Cross site scripting is another issue which must be handled by programmers. An
application must not be allowed to accept HTML scripts or not scripts must be passed along
with querystring as parameters like:
E.g.: http://www.newsite.com/index1.php?userid=321&query=abc
(security-testing-of-web-applications, 2015)
(en-us/library/zdh19h94(v=vs.140).aspx, 2015)
Read more about Website Designing & Testing
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As per the case study, it was required to design an application on Hotel Rooms Reservation System.
This website is designed so that it becomes easy for users to find hotels, check room availability
and book rooms online without going elsewhere.
As per the case study, register facility for new customers and login facility for existing
customers is given.
Users can search for the room availability.
The details of hotel rooms are given along with the images.
Payment gateway is integrated to enable secure online transactions via this website.
At time of any festivals, details and history about festivals must get displayed along with
special discount offers if any, to attract more tourists.
There is a contact us and help page to assist users to find and locate the hotel.
There must be a logo on home page which is linked to it and will get displayed on page
header over all other web pages so that navigation across the website is easy.
P2.2 Describe How the Developed Web Application Incorporates Client Side and
Server Side Functionalities
An example of client side functionality in this website: When a button is clicked an onclick even
is called in JavaScript.
Example of server side functionality in website can be: Rendering everything in web server. Have
a look at this code excerpt:
<table id=people>
#for $people in $all_people
<tr>
<td>$person.name</td>
<td><a href=# onclick=addPerson(this, $person.id)>Sign up</a></td>
</tr>
#end for
</table>
This code is executed when script is rendered over server. This code adds a new person when a
person gets registered with the site.
This application on Sea Side south Park website is constructed by using PHP language as front
end and MY SQL as backend database. JavaScript, CSS and HTML are used for placing
validations and providing special effects to the application like font style, size, color, images etc.
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Figure: Home
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Figure: Rooms
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Table: JOS_ASSETS
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Table: JOS_ASSOCIATIONS
Table: JOS_BANNERS
Table:JOS_BANNER_CLIENTS
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Table: JOS_BANNER_TRACKS
Table: JOS_CATEGORIES
Table: JOS_CIS_CATEGORIES
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Table: JOS_CIS_IMAGES
Table: JOS_CIS_SLIDERS
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Table: JOS_FINDER_TERMS
Table: JOS_Hotelreservation_Confirmations_Guests
This application must allow multiple users to connect with this system. Administrator must
have his own login account and the new users have to register into the system and existing
users have to login into the system.
There must be a facility to check the room availability before booking.
To enable payment by users website integrates payment gateway which is SSL protected.
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Vision/mission of hotel along with the logo of hotel must get displayed on home page.
There is contact page for convenience of users.
Images of hotel rooms, lounge area, indoor pool, gym and various sports facilities are
provided.
Navigation across the website is easy as logo is connected to home page which is visible on all
pages over the header. So if we are on any page over the website, we can reach home page at just
one click.
Validations are applied on login, sign up and contact us pages to validate user input.
In future we can think of migrating over SQL Server database as right now there is less number of
web pages so database is small. It can be extended later to add more web pages.
We can think of including more functionality and more features like Google map to guide tourist,
worth visiting places, shops and market near hotel for tourists and other tourist attractions, festivals
going on in the city, news related to hotel, conferences and meetings etc.
A help page can also be integrated which will guide the visitors in real time without waiting long
to get reply of their queries. A chat option can be made available and 247 call center can be
updated for convenience of users.
[Read about CCL Website Implementation]
P3.2 Implement Web Enabled Database Management System for Sea Side South
Park
Screenshots for backend of website are given in point 2.3 above.
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A typical error message in a PHP program contains filename, line number and a message
describing the error which is then sent to browser.
Different error handling methods in PHP include:
to
open
stream:
To prevent above warning message from occuring, one must make use of die statement in php:
<?php
if(!file_exists(hellothere.txt)) {
die(File
}
$file=fopen(hellothere.txt,o);
}
?>
absent);
{
else
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nature of the error. Named constants are used by the programmers and each level is represented
by an integer value.
Value Constant / Parameter
Description
These are non-fatal run-time errors. Execution of script is not
2
E_WARNING
halted.
These are run-time notices. These crop up when the script finds
8
E_NOTICE
something that might be an error.
These are fatal user-generated error. These are like an E_ERROR
256 E_USER_ERROR
set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()
These are non-fatal user-generated warning. It is similar to
512 E_USER_WARNING
E_WARNING using trigger_error() but is user generated.
These are user-generated notice. It is similar to E_NOTICE using
1024 E_USER_NOTICE
trigger_error() but is user generated.
This level denotes that there is some fatal error in the application.
4096 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR These can be caught by a user defined handle (see also
set_error_handler()), but are like E_Error.
This level enables all errors and warnings in PHP (E_STRICT
8191 E_ALL
became a part of E_ALL in PHP 5.4)
We make use of error handlers so that errors are displayed along with custom messages. Errors are
also raised using throw and caught by try/catch blocks
Along with these, there are some custom error handlers associated in PHP Programs. These are:
Value Parameter / Constant
2
8
256
512
1024
4096
8191
Description
These message is prompted for non-fatal run-time errors. Script
E_WARNING
execution is not halted.
These messages pop up for notices at run time. When the script
E_NOTICE
finds something that might be an error these are prompted, but
this could also happen when the script is running normally
This is fatal error generated by user. PHP function trigger_error()
E_USER_ERROR
sets this E_ERROR.
These are warning messages which are non-fatal but userE_USER_WARNING
generated warning. By making use of trigger_error() function,
user can set these warning messages.
These are user-generated notice. These are similar to E_NOTICE
E_USER_NOTICE
warning message but are set by user.
These are fatal errors which can be caught and recovered. These
E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR are like E_error but can be caught by a user defined handle (see
also set_error_handler())
This enables all errors and warnings in PHP (E_STRICT became
E_ALL
a part of E_ALL in PHP 5.4)
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Compatibility Testing Based on the context of the application it is checked whether the
application can run on multiple browsers, hardware, network and operating systems.
Usability Testing Navigation of the website is tested, whether it is easy to move across the pages
and get back to home page easily, whether content is readable and proper use of font style, size
and colors is there or not, number, shape and size of images is checked.
Interface Testing This is performed to verify the flow of data across the system.
Performance Testing This type of testing is done to verify the behavior of application under
various conditions and server response time. It is to be checked whether multiple users are able to
access application at one particular time. Increasing the number of modules or number of users
suddenly must not affect the working application. Web applications usage, reliability and
scalability is validated and it is seen how various components of the system are performing under
various conditions.
(what-is-performance-testing-load-testing-stress-testing, 2015)
Security Testing This is performed to check whether the application is secure over web against
malicious access and theft of data. It is to be checked whether by changing URL parameters
hackers are not able to dig into the system or password is strong enough (must be a combination
of alphabets, numbers and special characters).
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It is necessary to test the application to find out the defects that were made during
development process.
It is to be tested that application is developed as per customer requirements and that end
user is satisfied with the final product.
Software testing ensures that quality product is going to the customer.
It is checked whether software is performing optimally.
The software application must not result into any failures in future and that all bugs are
fixed before the release of the software.
4.2
Identify Actual Test Results against Expected Test Results (Including Test
Plan and Findings)
Expected Result
New user must be able to register into the
system and existing users must be able to login
into the system.
User must be given control of the system.
Actual Result
Users are able to register and login into the
system.
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This website is a good remix of sensuality and hospitality. Although it looks comprehensive still
it can be enhanced by increasing the number of modules and features for a better look and feel.
4.4
A help page is missing from the website; we can include it along with a live chat facility
for the convenience of the visitors.
A history / about us page describing the inception of the website can be included so that
users may get to know more things about the hotel.
Users can be given facility to inform a friend about this website and facility to forward
the link as an advertisement.
We can put a facility of counting the number of visitors on each visit on website.
We can add more number of images and entertaining videos to attract visitors of all age
groups.
A page showing the upcoming festivals can be added up.
A facility of quick online booking / instant booking to first time visitors and frequent
visitors can be given a discount on their next visit.
This website is easily navigable as logo image is connected with home page and gets displayed on
all pages of website. Users can easily navigate from any page on the website by clicking on the
logo image.
Home page has all the links to other pages on the website.
We can check the availability of the rooms in hotel by clicking on Check Availability option.
Upon clicking on Rooms option user will get to see all the available rooms and suites along with
the images.
View all photos option displays all the images of the facilities, rooms, gym, playing area, kitchen
etc. within the hotel.
Besides this there is a page displaying important information about the hotel:
Check in, Check out time, parking facility, allow pets or not, city tax, bungalow rooms, standard
room, luxury room, king rooms, cancellation conditions, internet / Wi-Fi facility, suitability for
disabled / modified rooms, public transportation, payment options, discount options according to
children age category (0-2% are eligible for 100% discount, 3-7% are eligible for 50% discount).
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Bibliography
en-us/library/zdh19h94(v=vs.140).aspx. (2015, 02, 16). Retrieved from msdn:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zdh19h94(v=vs.140).aspx
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