Metal properties at operation temperature

Allowable stress
Metal allowable stress according
Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in
tension for metals (Page 157 161) de ASME B31.3-2002

toperacion =

Material:
allow =

340

Elasticity module
Elasticity module for metal groups
according Table C-1 (SI),
ASME B31.1-2001

toperacion =

Material

API 5L - Gr. B

117.5

MPa

E=

60

Nickel steels Ni 2% - 9%

189.4

GPa

Do not delete these rows. They contain Annexes for interpolation of the properties of selected
Anexo A
Interpolacin para el esfuerzo admisible del material
(Tabla A-1, Hoja 3)
t=
Row =

340
9

Col_A =

tA =

315.6

sA =

119.28

Col_B =

tB =

343.3

sB =

117.21

S=
S=

C
(For t < 38 C, table uses 38 C)
(Selected material)

sB + (sA - sB) * (tb - t)/(tb - ta)

117.5

MPa

Anexo B
Interpolacin para el mdulo de elasticidad del tipo de material (Tabla C-1, Hoja 5)
t=
Row =

60
4

C
For t < -200 C, use t = -200 C
(Selected material)

Col_A =

tA =

50.0

EA =

190.0

Col_B =

tB =

100.0

EB =

187.0

E=
E=

EB + (EA - EB) * (tb - t)/(tb - ta)

189.4

GPa

Anexo C
Interpolacin para el coeficiente de expansin trmica del materi(Tabla C-1, Hoja 8)
t=
Row =

#NAME?
4

Col_A =

#NAME?

tA =

#NAME?

tB =

Col_B =
=
=

C
(For t < 38 C, use t = 38 C)
(Selected material)
#NAME?
#NAME?

A =

#NAME?

B =

#NAME?

sB + (sA - sB) * (tb - t)/(tb - ta)

#NAME?

m/(m*K)

0 Temperature out of range for selected material

Rev. cjc. 31.05.2016

Coefficient of linear expansion

Linear expansion coefficient calculated
Table based on ASTM C-1 of B31.3-2006

tref =

21.1

toperacion =

80

Material

Ni 2% - 9%

12Cr,

#NAME?

m/(m*K)

of the properties of selected metal at operating temperature

MPa
MPa

GPa
GPa

m/(m*K)
m/(m*K)

selected material
cjc. Rev.02,08,2013

Allowable stress as function of temperature [MPa]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

1
Spec & Grade
1
A 53(Type F) Gr.A
A 53 - Gr. A
A 53 - Gr. B
A 106 - Gr. A
A106 - Gr. B
A106 - Gr. C
API 5L - Gr. A
API 5L - Gr. A25
API 5L - Gr. B
API 5L - Gr. X42
API 5L - Gr. X46
API 5L - Gr. X52
API 5L - Gr. X56
API 5L - Gr. X60
API 5L - Gr. X65
API 5L - Gr. X70
API 5L - Gr. X80
A312 - Gr. TP 304
A312 - Gr. TP 304L
A312 - Gr. TP 304H
A312 - Gr. TP 309
A312 - Gr. TP 310
A312 - Gr. TP 316
A312 - Gr. TP 316L
A312 - Gr. TP 316H
A312 - Gr. TP 317
A312 - Gr. TP 317L
1

2
Materia
2

3
38
3
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
103.4
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
3

4
93
4
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
103.4
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
4

5
149
5
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
160.6
110.3
100.0
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
5

6
204
6
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
157.9
110.3
95.1
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
128.9
108.9
128.9
137.9
137.9
133.1
106.9
133.1
133.1
130.3
6

7
260
7
"N/A"
110.3
130.3
110.3
130.3
148.9
"NA"
"NA"
130.3
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
120.7
102.0
120.7
137.9
137.9
123.4
99.3
123.4
123.4
122.0
7

8
316
8
"N/A"
102.0
119.3
102.0
119.3
135.8
"NA"
"NA"
119.3
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
113.1
96.5
113.1
132.4
132.4
117.2
93.1
117.2
117.2
115.8
8

9
343
9
"N/A"
100.0
117.2
100.0
117.2
133.8
"NA"
"NA"
117.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
111.7
94.5
111.7
129.6
129.6
115.1
91.0
115.1
115.1
114.5
9

10
371
10
"N/A"
99.3
113.8
99.3
113.8
132.4
"NA"
"NA"
113.8
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
110.3
93.1
110.3
126.2
126.2
112.4
88.9
112.4
112.4
111.7
10

11
399
11
"N/A"
73.8
89.6
73.8
89.6
102.0
"NA"
"NA"
89.6
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
107.6
91.7
107.6
124.1
124.1
111.0
86.9
111.0
111.0
108.9
11

12
427
12
"N/A"
64.1
74.5
64.1
74.5
82.7
"NA"
"NA"
74.5
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
104.8
89.6
104.8
120.7
120.7
109.6
85.5
109.6
109.6
106.9
12

13
454
13
"N/A"
54.5
60.0
54.5
60.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
60.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
102.7
88.3
102.7
100.7
100.7
108.2
83.4
108.2
108.2
104.8
13

TEMPERATURE C
14
15
482
510
14
15
"N/A"
"N/A"
44.8
31.0
44.8
31.0
44.8
31.0
44.8
31.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
44.8
31.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
100.7
99.3
82.0
68.3
100.7
99.3
95.8
86.2
95.8
86.2
106.9
106.2
81.4
79.3
106.9
106.2
106.9
106.2
"N/A"
"N/A"
14
15

16
538
16
"N/A"
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
17.2
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
95.1
53.8
95.1
72.4
75.8
105.5
77.2
105.5
105.5
"N/A"
16
t=
S=

17
566
17
"N/A"
11.0
"NA"
11.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
11.0
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
84.1
43.4
84.1
58.6
49.0
100.0
74.5
100.0
100.0
"N/A"
17
593
66.9

18
593
18
"N/A"
6.9
"NA"
6.9
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
6.9
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
66.9
35.2
66.9
44.8
34.5
85.5
70.3
85.5
85.5
"N/A"
18

19
621
19
"N/A"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
53.1
27.6
53.1
34.5
24.8
67.6
60.7
67.6
67.6
"N/A"
19
621.0
53.1

20
649
20
"N/A"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
"NA"
41.4
22.1
41.4
26.2
17.2
51.0
44.1
51.0
51.0
"N/A"
20

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161) de ASME B31.3-2002
ASME B31.3-2002

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161)

Allowable stress as function of temperature [MPa]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Spec
A 53
A 53
A 53
A 106
A106
A106
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
API 5L
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312
A312

Grade
Gr. A
A
B
A
B
C
A
A25
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
TP 304
TP 304L
TP 304H
TP 309
TP 310
TP 316
TP 316L
TP 316H
TP 317
TP 317L

TEMPERATURE C
38
93
149
110.3
110.3
110.3
110.3
110.3
110.3
137.9
137.9
137.9
110.3
110.3
110.3
137.9
137.9
137.9
160.6
160.6
160.6
110.3
110.3
110.3
103.4
103.4
100.0
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
144.8
144.8
144.8
151.7
151.7
151.7
163.4
163.4
163.4
172.4 1482.4 172.4
177.2
177.2
177.2
188.2
188.2
188.2
206.8
206.8
206.8
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
115.1
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
115.1
115.1
115.1
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9
137.9

204
110.3
110.3
137.9
110.3
137.9
157.9
110.3
95.1
137.9
137.9
144.8
151.7
163.4
172.4
177.2
188.2
206.8
128.9
108.9
128.9
137.9
137.9
133.1
106.9
133.1
133.1
130.3

260

316

343

371

399

427

454

482

510

538

566

593

110.3
130.3
110.3
130.3
148.9

102.0
119.3
102.0
119.3
135.8

100.0
117.2
100.0
117.2
133.8

99.3
113.8
99.3
113.8
132.4

73.8
89.6
73.8
89.6
102.0

64.1
74.5
64.1
74.5
82.7

54.5
60.0
54.5
60.0

44.8
44.8
44.8
44.8

31.0
31.0
31.0
31.0

17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2

11.0

6.9

11.0

6.9

130.3

119.3

117.2

113.8

89.6

74.5

60.0

44.8

31.0

17.2

11.0

6.9

120.7
102.0
120.7
137.9
137.9
123.4
99.3
123.4
123.4
122.0

113.1
96.5
113.1
132.4
132.4
117.2
93.1
117.2
117.2
115.8

111.7
94.5
111.7
129.6
129.6
115.1
91.0
115.1
115.1
114.5

110.3
93.1
110.3
126.2
126.2
112.4
88.9
112.4
112.4
111.7

107.6
91.7
107.6
124.1
124.1
111.0
86.9
111.0
111.0
108.9

104.8
89.6
104.8
120.7
120.7
109.6
85.5
109.6
109.6
106.9

102.7
88.3
102.7
100.7
100.7
108.2
83.4
108.2
108.2
104.8

100.7
82.0
100.7
95.8
95.8
106.9
81.4
106.9
106.9

99.3
68.3
99.3
86.2
86.2
106.2
79.3
106.2
106.2

95.1
53.8
95.1
72.4
75.8
105.5
77.2
105.5
105.5

84.1
43.4
84.1
58.6
49.0
100.0
74.5
100.0
100.0

66.9
35.2
66.9
44.8
34.5
85.5
70.3
85.5
85.5

621

649

53.1
27.6
53.1
34.5
24.8
67.6
60.7
67.6
67.6

41.4
22.1
41.4
26.2
17.2
51.0
44.1
51.0
51.0

ASME B31.3-2006

Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metal Carbon steel pipes and tubes. Pag. 140- 144

Allowable stress as function of temperature [ksi]

1 ksi =

Material
Type F

Butt weld

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

6.895 MpaTEMPERATURE C
38
93
Temperature F
Spec Grade
100
200
A 53Gr. A, Type F 16
16
A 53
A
16
16
A 53
B
20
20
A 106
A
16
16
A106
B
20
20
A106
C
23.3
23.3
API 5L
A
16
16
API 5L A25
15
15
API 5L
B
20
20
API 5L X42
20
20
API 5L X46
21
21
API 5L X52
22
22
API 5L X56
23.7
23.7
API 5L X60
25
215
API 5L X65
25.7
25.7
API 5L X70
27.3
27.3
API 5L X80
30
30
A312 TP 304
20
20
A312 TP 304L 16.7
16.7
A312 TP 304H
20
20
A312 TP 309
20
20
A312 TP 310
20
20
A312 TP 316
20
20
A312 TP 316L 16.7
16.7
A312 TP 316H
20
20
A312 TP 317
20
20
A312 TP 317L
20
20

149

204

260

316

343

300
16
16
20
16
20
23.3
16
14.5
20
20
21
22
23.7
25
25.7
27.3
30
20
16.7
20
20
20
20
16.7
20
20
20

400
16
16
20
16
20
22.9
16
13.8
20
20
21
22
23.7
25
25.7
27.3
30
18.7
15.8
18.7
20
20
19.3
15.5
19.3
19.3
18.9

500

600

650

16
18.9
16
18.9
21.6
16

14.8
17.3
14.8
17.3
19.7
14.8

14.5
17
14.5
17
19.4
14.5

18.9

17.3

17.5
14.8
17.5
20
20
17.9
14.4
17.9
17.9
17.7

16.4
14
16.4
19.2
19.2
17
13.5
17
17
16.8

371

399

427

454

482

510

538

566

593

621

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

14.4
16.5
14.4
16.5
19.2
14.4

10.7
13
10.7
13
14.8
10.7

9.3
10.8
9.3
10.8
12
9.3

7.9
8.7
7.9
8.7

6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5

2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5

1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6

1
1
1
1

7.9

6.5

4.5

2.5

1.6

17

16.5

13

10.8

8.7

6.5

4.5

2.5

1.6

16.2
13.7
16.2
18.8
18.8
16.7
13.2
16.7
16.7
16.6

16
13.5
16
18.3
18.3
16.3
12.9
16.3
16.3
16.2

15.6
13.3
15.6
18
18
16.1
12.6
16.1
16.1
15.8

15.2
13
15.2
17.5
17.5
15.9
12.4
15.9
15.9
15.5

14.9
12.8
14.9
14.6
14.6
15.7
12.1
15.7
15.7
15.2

14.6
11.9
14.6
13.9
13.9
15.5
11.8
15.5
15.5

14.4
9.9
14.4
12.5
12.5
15.4
11.5
15.4
15.4

13.8
7.8
13.8
10.5
11
15.3
11.2
15.3
15.3

12.2
6.3
12.2
8.5
7.1
14.5
10.8
14.5
14.5

9.7
5.1
9.7
6.5
5
12.4
10.2
12.4
12.4

700

7.7
4
7.7
5
3.6
9.8
8.8
9.8
9.8

ASME B31.3-2002
Table A-1. Basic alowable stresses in tension for metals (Page 157 - 161)
38

Material Spec
A 285 Gr A 134
A 285 Gr A 672

Grade

A45

to
100
15
15

Butt wel API 5L

smls
API 5L

A25
A25

15
15

Type F

A 53

Gr. A

16

A 53
A 106
A 135
A 369
API 5L

A
A
A
FPA
A

16
16
16
16
16

A 285 Gr A 134
A 285 Gr A 672
285 Gr. B A 134

A 50

16.7
16.7
18.3

CC60
C860
B60
C60

20
20
20
20

B
B
6
6
FPB
Y35
B

20
20
20
20
20
20
20

A
A
A
A

516
515
515
516

Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr

A
A
A
A

671
671
672
672

A 53
A106
A 333
A 334
A 369
A 381
API 5L

API
API
API
API

5L
5L
5L
5L

X42
X46
X52
X56

100
20
21
22
23.7

A
A
A
A

516
515
515
516

Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr

A
A
A
A

671
671
672
672

CC65
C865
B65
C65

100
21.7
21.7
21.7
21.7

A
A
A
A

516
515
515
516

GR A
GR A
GR A
GR A

671
671
672
672

CC70
CB70
B70
C70

100
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.1

A106

23.3

API
API
API
API

5L
5L
5L
5L

X60
X65
X70
X80

25
25.7
27.3
30

Table C-1, ASME B31.1 - 2001. Moduli of elast

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Metal
1
4
1
Carbon steel C <= 0.3%
Carbon steel C > 0.3%
Carbon-moly steels
Nickel steels Ni 2% - 9%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 1/2% - 2%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 2 1/4% - 3%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 5% - 9%
Austenitic steels (TP304, 310, 316,
321, 347)

2
-75
2
208
207
206
196
210

3
20
3
203
202
201
192
205

4
50
4
201
200
199
190
204

5
100
5
198
197
196
187
201

6
150
6
195
194
193
184
197

7
200
7
191
190
189
180
193

216
219

211
213

210
212

207
209

203
205

199
201

201

195

194

192

188

184

1 - 2001. Moduli of elasticity for ferrous material "E" [GPa]

Temperature (oC)
8
9
10
11
12
13
250
300
350
400
450
500
9
11
13
8
10
12
189
185
179
172
162
150
188
184
178
171
161
149
187
183
177
170
160
149
178
174
169
162
153
141
190
186
181
176
170
160

14
550
14
136
135
135
128
148

15
600
15
122
121
121
115
133

16
650
16
107
106
106
101
0

17
700
17
0
0
0
0
0

195
197

191
193

187
189

182
185

175
181

165
176

153
171

137
164

0
156

0
147

180

176

172

168

164

160

156

152

146

140

18
750
18
0
0
0
0
0

19
800
19
0
0
0
0
0

0
138

0
0

134

127

Metal

-200

-129

-73

Carbon steel C <= 0.3%

Carbon steel C => 0.3%
Carbon-moly steels
Nickel steels Ni 2% - 9%
Cr-Mo steels Cr 1/2% - 2%

31.4
31.2
31.1
29.6
31.6

30.8
30.6
30.5
29.1
31

30.2
30
29.9
28.5
30.4

Cr-Mo steels Cr 2 1/4% - 3%

Cr-Mo steels Cr 5% - 9%
Austenitic steels (TP304, 310,
316, 321, 347)

32.6
32.9

32
32.3

31.4
31.7

30.3

29.7

29.1

Temperature (oC)
21

93

149

204

260

316

371

427

482

4
29.5
29.3
29.2
27.8
29.7

28.8
28.6
28.5
27.1
29

28.3
28.1
28
26.7
28.5

27.7
27.5
27.4
26.1
27.9

27.3
27.1
27
25.7
27.5

26.7
26.5
26.4
25.2
26.9

25.5
25.3
25.3
24.6
26.3

24.2
24
23.9
23
25.5

22.4
22.2
22.2

30.6
30.9

29.8
30.1

29.4
29.7

28.8
29

28.3
28.6

27.7
28

27.1
27.3

26.3
26.1

25.6
24.7

28.3

27.6

27

26.5

25.8

25.3

24.8

24.1

23.5

24.8

538

593

649
5

20.4
20.2
20.1

18
17.9
17.8

15.4
15.3

23.9

23

21.8

24.6
22.7

23.7
20.4

22.5
18.2

22.8

22.1

21.2

Tabla C-1
Thermal expansion coefficient
ASME B31.3-2006, Table C-1

4
Material

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

3Cr-Mo)
9Cr-Mo
18Cr-8Ni
27Cr
25Cr-20Ni
67Ni-30Cu
3.5Ni
Alloys
Aluminum
Iron
Bronze
Brass
70Cu-30Ni
Ni-Fe-Cr
Ni-Cr-Fe
Iron

-268
-

-254
-

1.1E-05
-450

1.2E-05
-425

The C-1 ASME B31.3 table gives the total thermal expansion, for the specified metal, between 70 F and t
in inches per 100 ft.

Thermal expansion coefficient

2006, Table C-1

-240
-

-226
-

-212
-

1.2E-05
-400

1.3E-05
-375

1.4E-05
-350

-198
9.0E-06
8.4E-06
1.5E-05
7.7E-06
9.9E-06
8.5E-06
1.4E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-325

ed metal, between 70 F and the selected temperature,

-184
9.1E-06
8.5E-06
1.5E-05
7.8E-06
1.0E-05
8.8E-06
1.4E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-300

-171
9.2E-06
8.6E-06
1.5E-05
7.8E-06
1.0E-05
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-275

-157
9.3E-06
8.7E-06
1.5E-05
7.9E-06
1.1E-05
9.2E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-250

-143
9.4E-06
8.8E-06
1.5E-05
8.0E-06
1.1E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
-225

-129
9.5E-06
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
8.1E-06
1.1E-05
9.8E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
8.4E-06
-200

-115
9.7E-06
9.2E-06
1.5E-05
8.3E-06
1.2E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.6E-06
-175

-101
9.9E-06
9.3E-06
1.5E-05
8.5E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.8E-06
-150

-87
1.00E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
8.5E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
8.9E-06
-125

-73
1.01E-05
9.5E-06
1.5E-05
8.6E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.2E-06
-100

Reference temperature

-59
1.03E-05
9.7E-06
1.6E-05
8.8E-06
1.2E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.4E-06
-75

-46
1.05E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.6E-06
-50
tref =

-32
1.07E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
2.1E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.8E-06
-25

500
260.0

-18
1.05E-05
9.9E-06
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
9.9E-06
0

-4
1.07E-05
1.0E-05
1.5E-05
9.0E-06
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
7.7E-06
25

10
1.05E-05
9.8E-06
1.6E-05
9.0E-06
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
50

24
1.09E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
9.4E-06
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.1E-05
75

38
1.15E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
100

52
1.15E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.8E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
125

66
1.14E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
150

Reference temperature

tref =

70
21.1

F
C

tref =
t=
t =
t =

70
225
155
86.111111

F
F
F
C

tref =
t=
t =
t =

70
250
180
100

F
F
F
C

CS
L100 ft =
L100 ft =
L =
L =

1.21
0.1008333
0.0010083
0.0010083

in /(100 ft)
ft / 100 ft
ft/ft
m/m

F
C

=
L =
t =
=

L / t
0.0010083 m/m
86.111111 C
1.171E-05 m/(m*K)

CS
L100 ft =
L100 ft =
L =
L =
=
L =
t =
=

1.4
0.1166667
0.0011667
0.0011667

in /(100 ft)
ft / 100 ft
ft/ft
m/m

L / t
0.0011667 m/m
100
C
1.167E-05 m/(m*K)

79
1.14E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
175

Table
Thermal expansion coefficient "

Temperat
93
1.14E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
9.9E-06
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.0E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.1E-05
200

107
1.171E-05
1.094E-05
1.694E-05
9.968E-06
1.587E-05
1.413E-05
1.171E-05
1.732E-05
2.332E-05
1.045E-05
1.800E-05
1.771E-05
1.539E-05
1.442E-05
1.335E-05
1.094E-05
225

121
1.167E-05
1.108E-05
1.692E-05
1.008E-05
1.592E-05
1.425E-05
1.183E-05
1.742E-05
2.358E-05
1.058E-05
1.808E-05
1.783E-05
1.550E-05
1.467E-05
1.342E-05
1.108E-05
250

tref =
t=
t =
t =

70
275
205
113.88889

F
F
F
C

CS
L100 ft =
L100 ft =
L =
L =

1.61
0.1341667
0.0013417
0.0013417

in /(100 ft)
ft / 100 ft
ft/ft
m/m

=
L =
t =
=

L / t
0.0013417 m/m
113.88889 C
1.178E-05 m/(m*K)

135
1.178E-05
1.112E-05
1.698E-05
1.010E-05
1.595E-05
1.434E-05
1.193E-05
1.741E-05
2.371E-05
1.061E-05
1.815E-05
1.793E-05
1.559E-05
1.485E-05
1.354E-05
1.120E-05
275

149
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
300

163
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
325

177
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.1E-05
350

191
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.4E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
375

Table C-1
xpansion coefficient " " [m/(m*K)] for metals
Temperatura C
204
218
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.0E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
400
425

232
1.2E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
2.5E-05
1.1E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
450

246
260
274
288
302
316
1.3E-05 1.263E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-05 1.5E-05 1.5E-05 1.5E-05 1.5E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.7E-05
2.5E-05
2.5E-05 2.5E-05 2.5E-05 2.5E-05 2.6E-05
1.1E-05
1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.1E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05 1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.4E-05 1.4E-05 1.4E-05 1.4E-05 1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.2E-05 1.3E-05 1.3E-05
475
500
525
550
575
600

329
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
625

343
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
1.9E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
650

357
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
675

371
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
700

385
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
725

399
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.6E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
750

413
1.4E-05
1.2E-05
1.8E-05
1.1E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
775

427
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
800

441
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
825

454
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.2E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
850

468
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.0E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
875

482
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.6E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
900

496
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
925

510
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
950

524
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.8E-05
1.2E-05
1.6E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
975

538
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1.3E-05
1000

552
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.9E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1025

566
1.4E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1050

579
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1075

593
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
2.0E-05
2.1E-05
1.7E-05
1100

607
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1125

621
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1150

635
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1175

649
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1.7E-05
1200

663
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1225

677
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1250

691
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.7E-05
1275

704
1.5E-05
1.3E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1300

718
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1325

732
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1350

746
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05
1375

760
774
788
802
816
1.5E-05
1.4E-05
1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05 1.9E-05
1.2E-05
1.7E-05
1.8E-05
1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 1.8E-05
1400
1425
1450
1475
1500

-17.778