TUGAS

TEKNIK REAKSI KIMIA I

RANGKUMAN & BAB 12
O

Kelompok 6
Ilham Maulana
Joshua Jese Karubaba
Muhammad Raihan Fuad
Stella Faustine
Yugo Widi Nugroho

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

Rangkuman

P12-2B
a. Example 12-1. Effective Diffusivity. Make a sketch of a diffusion path for which
the tortuosity is 5. How would your effective gas-phase diffusivity change if the
absolute pressure were tripled and the temperature were increased by 50%?
Jawab:
Jika tortuosity dijadikan 5, tekanan ditigakalikan, dan temperatur dinaikkan
setengahnya, maka grafiknya akan menjadi seperti ini

jarak aktual
jarak terpendek

P1 D AB 1 aT b1
=
P2 D AB 2 aT b2
Asumsi pasangan gas nonpolar, sehingga didapat

a=2,745 x 104

dan

b=1,823 . Sehingga persamaannya menjadi

P1 D AB 1
T1
=
=
3 P1 D AB 2 3
T
2 1

1,823

( )

D AB 2=0,698 D AB 1
Kemudian dengan menggunakan rumus difusivitas efektif
D
De 2= AB 2 D e1
D AB 1
De 2=0,698 De1
b. Example 12-2. Tissue Engineering. How would your answers change if the
reaction kinetics were (1) first order in O 2 concentration with k1 = 10-2 h-1? (2)
Monod kinetics with max = 1.33 x 10-3 h-1 and KS = 0.3 mol/dm3. (3) zero-order
kinetics carry out a quasi-steady state analysis using Equations (E12-2.19) along
with the overall balance
d Fw
=v c W O z =0 A c /V
dt
2

to predict the O2 flux and collagen build-up as a function of time. Note: V = AcL.
Assume = 10 and the stoichiometric coefficient for oxygen to collagen, v c is
0.05 mass fraction of cell/mol O2.
Jawab:

c. Example 12-3. (1) What is the percent of the total resistance for internal
diffusion and for reaction rate for each of the three particles studied. (2) Apply
the Weisz-Prater criteria to a particle 0.005 m in diameter.

d. Example 12-4. Overall Effectiveness Factor. (1) Calculate the percent of the
total resistance for external diffusion, internal diffusion, and surface reaction.
Qualitatively how would each of your percentages change (2) if the temperature
were increased significantly? (3) of the gas velocity were tripled? (4) if the
particle size were decreased by a factor of 2? How would the reactor length
change in each case? (5) What length would be required to achieve 99.99%
conversion of the pollutant NO?
Jawab:
C
1. ( AboC AB)/C Abo =0,998
X =
1=R

k c Sa
=18
De

1
cot 1

1
3
= 2
1

Untuk pipa dengan diameter 2 in, maka

104 m
U=4,93 x
.
s

S c =0,765 /

A c =2,03 x 10 m

'
h

S =18.

Re =386,7

x 105 m
K c =6
.
s

=5,9 .
Dari perhitungan didapat nilai resistensi suface reaction adalah 5,9% dan
resistensi difusinya 94,1%. Nilai resistensi internalnya 33,3% dan resistensi
eksternalnya 60,8%.

2. Jika temperature naik, maka surface reaction akan turun.

3. Jika kecepatan naik, maka resistensi difusi eksternal akan naik.
4. Jika diameter pellet turun, maka resistensi difusi akan turun.
L1 6,21
1
1
5. ln( 10,998 )/ln 10,999 = L2 = 9,21 L2=0,24 m

e. you applied the Mears and Weisz-Prater criteria to Examples 11-4 and 12-4?
What would you find? What would you learn if H Rx = -25 kcal/mol, h = 100
Btu/h.ft2.F and E = 20 kcal/mol?
Jawab:
Dari kriteria Mars

Diketahui dari soal

25 kcal
H Rx=
mol
h=

100 BTU
h . ft 2 F

E=

20 kcal
mol

R=

8,3144 x 103 kJ
molK

Dari contoh 12.3

r A=k S a C NO
10

k =4,42 x 10
S a=530

m /m sec

m2
g
6

b= (1 )=1,4 x 10 g /m

R=3 x 103 ; T =1173 K

Dari persamaan gas ideal
n
P
=
=10,39 mol /m3
V RT
C NO =0,0210,39=0,2078 mol /m3

Dengan mensubtitusikan semua nilai ke persamaan Mars, diperoleh nilai

2,88 x 104 . Nilai ini sangat jauh dibandingkan dengan 0,15. Kesimpulannya
adalah tidak terdapat perubahan temperatur.
f. We let = 30, = 0.4, and = 0.4 in Figure 12-7? What would cause you to go
from the upper steady state to the lower steady state and vice versa?
Jawab:
Jika kita menggambar garis vertikal dari =0,4 maka akan terbentuk garis
tangen hingga

=0,4 . Perubahan yang sedikit pada temperatur akan

berdampak pada reaksi bergeser ke arah upper steady state.

g. your internal surface area decreased with time because of sintering. How would
your effectiveness factor change and the rate of reaction change with time if k d =
0.01 h-1 and = 0.01 at t = 0? Explain.
h. someone had used the false kinetics (i.e., wrong E, wrong n)? Would their
catalyst weight be overdesigned of underdesigned? What are other positive or
negative effects that occur?
i. you were to assume the resistance to gas absorption in CDROM Example R12.1
were the same as in Example R12.3 and that the liquid phase reactor volume in
Example R12.3 was 50% of the total, could you estimate the controlling
resistance? If so, what is it? What other things could you calculate in Example
R12.1 (e.g., selectivity, conversion, molar flow rates in and out)? Hint: Some of
the other reactions that occur include
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O
H2O + CO CO2 + H2
j. the temperature in CDROM Example R12.2 were increased? How would the
relative resistances in the slurry reactor change?
k. you were asked for all the things that could go wrong in the operation of a slurry
reactor, what would you say?

P12-4B
The catalytic reaction
AB
takes place within a fixed bed containing spherical porous catalyst X22. Figure P12-3 B
shows the overall rates of reaction at a point in the reactor as a function of temperature
for various entering total molar flow rates, FT0.
a. Is the reaction limited by external diffusion?
Jawab: Ya
b. If your answer to part (a) was yes, under what conditions [of those shown (i.e.,
T, FT0)] is the reaction limited by external diffusion?
Jawab: Pembatasan reaksi oleh difusi eksternal berlaku untuk semua temperatur,
dengan

FT 0=10 mol/jam. Laju reaksi berubah apabila laju alir molar

berubah dan meningkat secara linier seiring dengan naiknya temperatur.

c. Is the reaction reaction-rate-limited?
Jawab: Ya
d. If your answer to part (c) was yes, under what conditions [of those shown (i.e.,
T, FT0)] is the reaction limited by the rate of the surface reactions?
Jawab: Dari gambar P12-3 laju reaksi permukaan ditunjukkan pada daerah suhu
T < 367 K, FT 0=1000 gmol/ jam dan FT 0=5000 gmol/jam
dan T < 362 K,

FT 0=100 gmol/jam. Dimana terjadi kenaikan laju reaksi

yang cenderung berubah secara signifikan setelah melalui suhu tersebut dan
mulai mengalami difusi internal.
e. Is the reaction limited by internal diffusion?
Jawab: Ya
f. If your answer to part (e) was yes, under what conditions [of those shown (i.e.,
T, FT0)] is the reaction limited by the rate of internal diffusion?
Jawab:
T > 367 K, FT 0=1000 gmol/ jam dan FT 0=5000 gmol/jam

T > 362 K,

FT 0=100 gmol/jam

g. For a flow rate of 10 g mol/h, determine (if possible) the overall effectiveness
factor, , at 360 K.
Jawab:
laju reaksi sebenarnya
=
laju reaksi ideal
gmol
jam
0,26

=
=0,37
0,70
gmol
r A saat 360 K , F T 0=5000
jam

r A saat 360 K , F T 0=10

h. Estimate (if possible) the internal effectiveness factor, , at 367 K.

Jawab:
laju reak s i sebenarnya
=
laju reaksi jika seluruh permukaan dalam pelet terekspos pada kondisi di permukaan pelet
gmol
jam
=
gmol
laju yang diekstrapolasi saat 367 K , F T 0 =5000
jam

laju sebenarnya saat 367 K , FT 0=5000

1,2
1,4

0,86

i. If the concentration at the external catalyst surface is 0.01 mol/dm 3, calculate (if
possible) the concentration at r = R/2 inside the porous catalyst at 367 K.
(Assume a first-order reaction.)
Jawab:
Sesuai dengan penurunan rumus yang ada di buku, besar adalah
3 ( coth 1 )
=
=0.86
2
Maka =1.62
Untuk menghitung konsentrasi di dalam pori katalis sedalam r = R/2, kita
menggunakan solusi persamaan diferensial pada persamaan 12-11 di buku
Fogler, yakni :

dengan kondisi batas

CA

berhingga saat r = 0

C A =C AS saat r = R
Setelah transformasi variabel menjadi variabel tak berdimensi dan menganggap
reaksinya orde 1, maka persamaan diferensial di atas berubah menjadi :

dengan =C A /C AS dan

berhingga saat

=1 saat

Variabel

r
R , kondisi batas pun berubah menjadi

=0

=1

untuk reaksi orde 1 adalah

Solusi persamaan diferensial

dengan memasukkan kondisi batas yang ada adalah :

dengan mengingat bahwa

R
r 2 1
= = =
R R 2

1 sinh
CA=
C =2
sinh AS

1
sinh (1.62)( )
2
mol
mol
0.01
=0.041
3
1
dm
d m3
sinh
2