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I 5 60
Mar 1 1
net 44 h ad n o w p o s s es s i o n o f a c o n s i d e rab e i n c o me
I t wo u d
b e s at i s ac to r i f h e c o u d b e c e are d ro m th e s usp i c i o n
re at o e f
o r c o c -
o fa t oo
g h ti n g
Th e C o u rt b e i n at W i n d s o r o n ac c o u n t o f th e p a u e
1 5 63
De c 1 0
a e a d i n n e r i n h i s cham b e r
o n d o n , S i r W Ce c i
at 4 7 i n
d ucati o n aro s e o n th e n e ws t h at
c o n e rs at i o n o n
d i u e rs e S c h o l e rs o f at o n b e ru n n e awai e ro m th e

h
l
f
r
e
a
r
e
fb
e
a
t
i
n
S i r R i c h ard S ac
o
i e th e n
S c o e, o
wh o
s i e n t , a te rward s ren e w e d t h e s u b e c t w i t h
s c h am
ran d s o n ,
na
wri te s fo r h i s
o b e rt S ac
i e , Th e
S c ho l e m as te r, rs t p u b i s h e d b y hi s w i d o w i n 1 5 7 0
H i s c o ns t i t u t i o n h ad b e e n e n ee b e d b y re q
u e n t at tac s
m p ru d e n t s i tt i n u p at e t o n i s h s o m e ati n
o fa u e
e rs e s wh i c h h e d es i n e d t o p re s e n t t o t h e q
u e e n as a
i t , an d c e rtai n e t te rs to h i s ri e n d s , h e c o n
n e w- e ar s
trac t e d a d an g e i o u s m a ad , d u ri n wh i c h h e was i s i te d
i o us ri e n d
an d c o n s o e d b y hi
e x an d e r
o w e , d e an
'
f
t
i l l i am Gra e t, a p re b e n d ar
o
S
au s, an d p
o f t h at
c h urc h an d
i c ar o f S t S ep u c h re s
o n don
s c h am
1 5 68
De c 3 0
d i e d 3 0 D e c 1 5 68
H is as t w o rds were
d e s i re to
"
se t 5 3 d e p art an d to b e wi th Ch ri s t
1 5 69 J a
H e was b uri e d at S t S ep u c h re s
n 4
N o we p re ach ed
h i s u n e ra s e rmo n , an d t e s t i e d t h at h e n e e r saw o r
h e ard o fa p e rs o n o f re at e r i n t e ri t o f i e , o r wh o w as
b e s s ed w i th a mo re c h ri s ti an d e ath
i ab e th ,
ueen
wh e n i n o rm e d o f h is d e c e as e , d ec are th at s h e wou d
rath e r ha e os t
than h e r t u to r s cham

@ I ttab t tb b egi ns to

y
lv

e
r
c
e

g th e E mb ass y i s recall ed

ma

I I) : sto

15 5 8
s

s c h am e sc ap es p e rsec u ti o n ;
Th o u gh a ro te s tan t,
h i s p en s i o n o f i o i s re n e we d an d i n c re as e d , s ee ) 1 65 .
H e i s mad e ati n S ec re t ar to t h e Q u e e n , w i th a s a ar
o f4 0 m ar s
R es i n s hi s F e o w s h i p an d Of c e o f ub i c Orato r
ar are t H o w e
arri e s
at 3 8
i ab e th
H e so me ti mes read s Gree wi th th e ri n ces s

s urm b s to

ro m

On the

M ay 7

q 6 warp

Wri te s

lly
g

l y
f
.

y lf

f ll

'

f
v l

Al

f l
l

f
kv ll
A
kv ll

'

gf

P l

ly

lg v

g
.

v
ll

ll
v

El z

B u c han an d i d h o no ur to h i s m en c ry i n th e o o wi n ep i tap h
A scham u m ex t zn c t u m p atri ot , Grazaq
ue Cam ne ,
E t L ati a n e rd c u m p i e tate d ol en t
P rzn czloi b u s p l a i t earn s , ju c u n d i s am ic i s ,
ui t
R e m od zc d , i n m o res d i cere fam a n eq
rc h d e ac on Wran g h am
whi ch h as b e en th u s re n d e re d b y

O e r A s cham , w i the ri n g i n h i s n arrow u rn ,

The m u s es E n g l i s h , Grec i an , R on i o n m o u r n ;
en d s /zd
Th o ug h poo r, to g reatn es s d ear, to [
ojus t
N o s can dal s s elf can tai n t h i s h al l o w d d u s t
C oop er A th Cal / l ag , p
'

'

'

9 66.

TOX O P H I L U S

I N TR OD U C TI ON

page 2 0 A fc h am
on a great fub je c t
Wri ting late in life his S elzol emas ter l i e
t h u s defends hi s choice i n the fub je t s
of h i s books :
But of all kinde of p ai mes h tte for a I en tl eman
I wi ll g o dwi ll i n g in tter place more at large de
clare fulli e in my booke of th e Co c kp i tte w h ich I do
wri te to fati fe fom I tru it wi th fo m reafo n t h at b e
m ore curious in m arking oth er mens d o i n ge s t h an
carefull in m e n dy n g their ow h e faul tes And fom alfo
will nedes b ufi e t h em fel u es i n m eruel i n g and adding
t h ereunto vn fren dl i e tan l ke why I a man of good
yea t es an d of n o ill place I th an k e Go d and my
Prince do make c h o i fe to fp en d foch ty m e in wri ty n g
of tri es as th e fc h o l e of i o ti n g th e C o c kp i tte and
t h i s booke of th e rft Pri nciples of Grammer rath er
th an to take fome we i gh ti e matter i n h and , either of
Religion or C i u i ll d i fc i p l i n e
Wife men I know wi ll well allow of my c h o i fe
h erein : an d as for fuc h who haue n o t witte of t h em
fel u es but mu f
t I eam e of others to i u dg e rig h t of
m en s d o y n g es let them read th at wife Poet H orace
in h i s A rte P oeti ra wh o willeth wi fem en to beware o f
hie and l o fti e Titles For great i i pp es requ ire co ft
li e tackli n g and alfo afterward dangerous go uern m en t :
S mal l boates be nei t h er veric c h argeable in maky n g
n o r veric oft in great i eo p erd i e : an d yet t h ey cary
many tymes as good an d c o l i e ware as greater
ve f
i e l s do
A mean e Argumen t m ay eafe l i e beare
the ligh t burden of a fm al l faute and h aue al wai fe
at hand a ready e xc ufe for ill handling : And fome
p raife i t is if i t fo c h aunce to be better i n deede
t han a man dare ven ture to fee m e A h y e title dot h
c h arge a man wi th the h eaui e burden of to great a
pro mi fe , an d th erfo re fayt h H orace ve ri e wi tteli e t hat
Efp i te hi s p ro mi fe, fe e
wrote n o E n gl i ih work

I n trodul l i on

th at Poet was a veric fo o l e th at began h y s booke wi th

a go o dl i e ve rfe in deede but ouer p ro ude a p ro m i fe
,

F ortu n am P ri am i can l abo cl nobi le bet/u m,

An d after , as wife l i e
Quan to reetzi i s h i e, gui n i l mol ztur i nep te e
M e en i n g H omer, wh o , wi th in the c o m p affe of a fmal
Argument, of on e h arlot, and of one good wife , did
vtter f
ci e n ce s , as , by
o moch learning in all kinde of f
h e d eferueth fo h i e a
th e i u dg e m en t of
p rai fe, t h at no man yet d efe rued to fi t i n th e fec o n d
And th us moch out of my way, con
d eg ree b en eth h i m
c e rning my p urp o fe in fp en di n g penne, and paper, and
were fome , t h at
ty m e , vp o n t ri
e s , an d n am el i e to ai i n f
h aue ne it h er witte n or learning, to do any t h yng t h e m
a
"
fel ues , n eith er wi ll nor h o n ef
l i e , to fay well of o th er
C ertain it is , t h at in bot h Tox op /zi l us and Th e S oh ol o
ma
t
l
er th e Coeh ztte if ever printed , i s n ow lo f
/ (
p
) not
only are the main arguments interwoven with a m o ft
e arn e moral p u rp o f
e 3 but t h ey are enliven ed by
frequ e nt and c h arming d i fc u rfi on s, in th e w h ich h e
often lays down gre at principles, or i lluftrates t h em
from th e c i rc um ftan c es of h i s time S o th at in th e fe
two ways , th ef
e works , being n ot rigidly conned to th e

tech nical fub je t s ex p reife d by t h eir titles , do beare ,

both in th o fe fub jets an d in th e pah i ng though ts,
muc h of w h at is th e h i gh eft truth
If a Yo rkfh i re man wh o h ad become a ripe E n gl i fh
S ch oler, and was alfo a uent E n gl i lh writer as well as
c o n ve r
fan t wit h oth er languages and literatures were ,
in th e p refen t day, to fi t down to write , for th e h i fi
tim e , in th e defen ce an d p rai fe of C ricket , a book i n
t h e Y o rk ih i re d i al e t : h e would be able to appreciate
fo m ewh at A fc h am s p o f
i ti o n w h en h e began to write th e
For he lived in th e very dawn of our
p refen t work
modern learning N ot to fp eak of th e h efi tati o n and
d oubt that always impedes any novelty , th e ab fe n ce
of any antecedent literature left h i m wi th out any model
of yle A c c uo m ed as h e h ad h ith erto been to write
c h i e y in Latin , h e mu ll h ave foun d E n gl i ih c o mp o fi
tion both i rk l o m e and l aborious Yet h i s love for h i s
'

'

f li
o

o s 20

21

Ed

15

70

I n trod ui on

country and his deligh t even from childhood in his

A l th o ugh e to
na tive tongue overcame all d i fCUl t S
h aue w ritten this boke ei ther in l atin or Gree ke
h ad b een more e afi er an d t for mi trade in ftu dy yet
u
n e i t n o poin t of h o n e i e t h at
f
i
o
n eu erth e l e lfe I f
pp
g
mi commodite i o ul d o p an d hin der ani parte eit h er
of th e p l eafure or p ro te of manie hau e w ritten this
h e tongue for E n gl i f
h e matter in the E n gl i f
E n gl i f
he
men " In fo doing h e has bequeathed to p o fieri ty a
noble fp ec i m en of E n gl i lh language e x p re fifn g gen uin e
h th oug h t upon a truly En gl i fh fub je t
E n gli f
O f th e in uence of this deliberate choice of A fc h am on
th e literature of his time Dr N Drake thu s f
p eak s
Th e Tox op/zi l us o fthi s i i fe ful an d en g ag in g wri ter was w ri t
en ti n g t h e p ub l i c
te n i n h i s n ati v e to n gu e wi th th e vi ew o f p re f
zf
ty l e th an th at
wi th a fpe c i m e n o fap urer an d m o re co rre t E ng l i
to wh i c h th ey h ad h i th erto b e en acc uo m ed an d wi th th e h o p e o f
from th e excl uve ftud y o f
c al l i n g th e atte n ti o n o fth e l e arn ed
th e G reek an d Lati n t o th e cu l ti v ati o n o f t h ei r v ern ac ul ar l an
Th e re ful t w h i c h h e c on te mp l ate d was attai n ed an d
g uag e
fro m th e p eri o d o fth is p ub l i cati o n th e lh ackl es o fLatin i ty were
,

i ti o n i n E n l I/h
b ro k en , an d co mp o f
g
p ro fe b ecame an o b je t o f
revi o us to th e e x e rti o n s o f
f
ul atten ti o n
f
cce
sf
u
e
r
a
n
d
ea
g
fo rd in g an y
A fc h am , e ry few w ri ters can b e m en ti o n ed as af
I we except th e Tran ll ati o n o fF ro i ffart
h e
m o d e fo r E n g li f
to ry o fR i ch ard
b y B o urch i er, Lo rd Be rn e rs , i n 1 5 2 3 , an d th e H i f
i ti o n s o f re at m e ri t,
co m p o f
1 1 1 b y S i r Th o mas M o re, certai n
g
l Cl l l t to p ro d u c e an auth o r o f m u c h
a ue
h al l n d i t d l
we f
e
O n th e c o n trary, er o o n a te r th e
fo r h i s ern ac u ar p ro f
an d b e auty i n
ap p e aran ce o f th e Tox op /zi l us , w e n d h arm o n

E n g l i lh y e e m ph ati c a
p rai fed an d enjo i n e d 1

yl

ly

v l

'

v y f
y

l ly

'

Following Plato both i n the form an d sub tlety of

to tl e
h i s work Afch am writes it after the c o u n fel of A ri f
H e t h at wyl l wryte well in any tongue mue fo l o we
t h ys c o un c el of A ri fto tle to fp eak e as th e common
people d o to th i n k e as wife men do : an d fo ih o ul d e
tan d e b ym an d the i udg em en t of
e ue ry man vn d e rf
wyi e m en alowe
N ow we mu tt leave t h e reader to l i ften to the
ver of
talk
of
the
t
w
o C ollege Fel low s l
n
l
a
f
a
t
e
p
o
L earn i ng and L over of A rch ery ; as t h ey d i fc o urfe
b ef
i d e th e wheat elds i n th e n e ig h bourhood of C am
b ridge t h roug h out th e long fummers afternoon upon

th e B ooke an d th e B owe
.

f S /I aks peare an d h i s Ti m es

i 4 39

Ed

81 7

13.

B IB L I OGRAP H Y

TOX 0 P H I L U S

E d i ti on s

(I ) i s s ues

I
1

1 545

Lo n d on

1 vo l

4to

1 vo l

authors an

t ha
t.
.

'

'

4to

Lo n d o n

een

'

tn the
'

I
.

A r afep arat: p u bl i cati o n

E dztzo p n m epr E n g ra ed ti tl e p ag e, fe e
i te p a
op po f
g e Th e C o o ph o n i s as o n p 1 65

(b) l s s uzs
2 1 57 1

not

s ubs

muent

to the

authors li m b
'

'

A s a fep arate p u bl zcatzon

To x o P H I LU S , Th e S ch o l e , o r p arti ti o n s
b o o k es w ri tte n
h o o ti n g c o n tay n e d i n
o ff
A n d n o w n e wl y e
b y R o g e r A ob am , 1 5 44
P l eafau n t fo r al l
e n t e m en an d
p erufe d
Y o m en o fE n g an d fo rth ey rp ai m e to read e,
an d p ro tab e fo r th e i r vfe to fo l o vve b o th e
i n vvarre an d p eac e A mm 1 5 7 1 I m p ri n te d
treate n eare to S ai n t
at L o n d o n i n F l e te f
D un fto n es C h u rch e b y Th o m as M arth e
ri n te d
S am e ti t e as N o 2 A T L O D O
b y A B E LL I E F F E S , b y th e co n fe n t o f H
Th e C o o ph o n i s
M at/7:
A n n a 1 5 89
'
l A T LO DO
ri n te d b y A b e
I ef
fc s ,
d we i n g i n
h i i p Lan e, at th e S ig n e o f
A n n o D om i n i 1 5 8 9
th e B ell
S am e ti t e as N o 2, o f w h i c h i t i s a
m o d ern i ze d re pri n t Ed wi th a D ed i c ati o n
W LT R S M A
an d re ac e , b y R ev JO
M a i er o f R uthi n S ch o o , an d ate F e o w
x o rd
o fJ ef
u s C o eg e ,
h ed
1 vo l 8 vo
TOX OP H I LU S : &c , p ub li f

fep arate l y ro m D r i e s E d i ti o n , N o 9
E ng l g
z Re
p ri n ts fee ti t e at p ag e 1
.

Lo n d m
1 vo l 8 vo

1 5 89

788

Wrexh ai n

1 vo l

8 vo

Lo n d o n

1 8 65 .

J uly

Lo n d o n
1

, 8 68

I V0 1

7 61

L o n d on

1 vo l

4to

II
.

ll

P f

ll

O f
Gl

HN
l

A E

ll

Wi t}: ot/i er works

Th e E n g li ih W o rk s o fR o g e rA fch am
.

P re

Li fe b y D rJ OH N
Qu een E li zab eth [

c ep to rto

'

P ll

N N P

10

N N P

ll

AM E

EN N E

S B
Ed b y J
TT, M atte r o f
th e B o ard i n g S c h o o at H o d d ef
d on , H erts

To x o phi l us o c cup i e s p p 5 1 -1 7 8
A n o th e r i m p re
1 vo l 4 to
i on o fN o 4
S am e ti t e as N o 4 A n ew e d i ti on [
Ed
by J
COC R
n d l i m i ted to 2 5 0
, a
c o p i es
Dr
fu ed fome ti m e a terward s ,
N o 7 was re -i f
wi th a n ew ti t e an d th e ad d i ti o n o f a h a t

tit e, b ut wi th o u t a d ate
Dr
P ref to
S ON

Lo n d o n
1815
Lo n do n
1 vo l 4to

H AN E

Lo n d on
vo l 8 vo
.

b i : E d i ti on N o 9
1 864 -5
Lo n d o n
Th e W h o l e W o rk s o fR o g erA fch am , n o w
3 vo l s vo l 1 h as rft co l l e ted an d revi fed, wi th a i e o fth e
2 p arts] 8y o
auth o r; b y R ev D R
L S , o rm er F e o w

To x o p h i l us o c c u p i es
o fC C C
xf
o rd
i i 1 - 1 65
Th i s i s b y far th e b elt e d i ti o n o f

A fc h am s wo rk s ]
.

GI E f

lf
ly

ll

To

e g raci ou Z , an d o ur mo
Me mo
d raa S ozteraign e l ord,
/
Ky l zg H on ri e Me vi i i , by ti le g race of God, y ng
'

f E ng l anae F razmoo and I rol anae D ofon

o er o
f flu:fay to and of ti l e clzuro/zc
o
f E ng l anae an d ( l l/o of [rol an de
i n co ri li fup reme l led o nex t o n
( 167 C/zri/Z be ai m o}.

H AT rym e as mo ite gracio us Prin ce your

h i ghn es this l aft year p ail took e that your
m o o tt hon orable an d vi ctoriou s i o urn ey
into Praunce accompanied w i th fuch a
porte of th e N o b i l i ti e an d y eo man ri e of
E n g l an d e as n ey th er hath ben e lyke k n o vven by ex
r
i
n c e nor yet red of i n H i o ri e
e
e
accompanied al fo
p
w it h t h e d ay li e prayers good hartes and vvi l l e s of
all an d eu ery on e your graces fub i e t es lefte b ehi n de
you here at h om e i n E n gl an d e th e fame ty me I
b einge at my b ook e i n C amb ri ge forie th at my litle
h ab ili ti e could retc h e out n o b etter to help e fo rvvard
fo noble an en terp ri c e yet with my good w y l l e prayer
and h arte n o th i n ge b eh y n de b ym th at w as fo rm o e
o f al l c o n c ey u ed a w onderful d ere bi the p rai er
w i th ing talking an d commu n i cati on th at w as in eu e ry
man s mo u th fo r your Graces m o o ft vi t o ri o ufe retourn e
to o ffer vp fum th in ge at your h ome cumming to your
H i gh n ee w hi ch fh ul d both be a token of mi loue
and d euti e tow ard your M ai efti e an d al fo a g n e of
my goo d m i nde an d zeale to vvard e mi coun tri e
T h is o cc ao n g eu en to m e at t h at ti me caufe d me
,

Th i s d e d i cati o n i s

e n ti re

ly

o mi tt ed

in

se c o n d ed i t i o n , 1

571

t4

to tak e in han d again e t h i s litl e p urpo i e of ih o ti n g

begon of me before yet not ended t h an for ot h er
i tu d i es more mete fo r t h at trade of li ui n g e vvh i c h e God
an d mi fren d es h ad i et me vn to B ut w h en your
Graces mo ite i o i ful l and h ap pi e vi ct orie p re ue n ted mi
d ai l i e and i pedie diligencie to perform e t h is matter
I w as compelled to vvai te an ot h er time to prepare
and o ffer vp th is litle boke vn to your M aie i e An d
vvh an it h ath p l eai e d youre H i gh en eii e of your i n n i t
i
t
an
d
alfo
your
mo
n eii e
h onorable C o un fel to
d
o
o
g
kn o w and per vi e ouer th e contentes an d fome parte
of t h is boke an d i 0 to alo vv i t that oth er men mig h t
rede it th ro ugh e th e furd eraun ce and fetting for th e of
ull and mi S i n u l er good Ma i l er r
th e righ t wo ri h i p f
g
V vil l i am P ag ette K nig h t m o o i t vvo rth i e S ecretarie to
your h igh n es an d mo it open and redi c i uc c o ure to al
poore h o n eit learned mens i n tes I moofi h umbli e
b ei ec h e yo ur Grace to take in good vvo rth e th is li tle
e d begon and ended of me o n el i e for
tre ati i e p urp o f
t h is inten t th at Labour H o n eit p att i m e and Vertu
migh t rec o u eragai n e th at place and righ t th at I dl en eii e
V n t hrifti e g am n i n g and Vice hat h put th em fro
And al th o ugh e to haue w ri tten t h is boke eith er in
latin or Greke (vvh i c h t h ing I vvo l d be veri e glad yet to
d o if I mig h t i ure li e kno w your Graces p l e ai ure t h ere
in ) h ad bene more e aer an d t fo r mi trade in fi n dy
i
l
ii
u p o i m e it n o poin t of h o n eit i e
r
h
e
e
I
e
t
n
u
t
e
e
e
p
g
y
t h at mi commodite ih o u l d i to p an d hi nder ani parte
eit h er of the p l eai ure or p ro te of manie h aue w ri t
or
t e n t h is E n gli ih e matter i n th e E n gl i ih e tongue f
E n gli ih e men : vvhere in t h is I tru i t t h at your Grace
i
h
i
a
f
H
n eii e to rede it ih al per
it
l
your
f
a
ll
e
ih
e
g
p
(
)
c eau e it to be a th i n g e Hou e i te for m e to w rite
p l eai aun t for fome to rede and pro table for manie to
tol o vv c o n ten i n g a p ai ti m e h o n eit for th e minde
h o li o m e for th e body t for eue ri man vile for no
man vn g th e d ay and open place for H o n eiti e to rule
i t not lurking in corners for m ii o rd er to ab ui e i t
,

15

Th erefore I tru i t it {hal apere to be both e a fure tok en

o fmy ze e l e to i e t i o rvvard e ih o o ti n g e an d fome n e
g
of my minde to vvardes h o n e iti e an d l earn i n g e
T h us I vvi l trouble your Grace n o longer bu t
w it h my day l i e p rai er, I w ill b ei ec h e God t o
r
f
u e yo ur Grace i n a1 h ealt h an d fe li
e
e
r
p
to the feare and o uerth ro vve
c i ti e
of all your ennemies to th e
i
f
u
l
n
e
ii
l
a
i
u
r
e
o
e an d
e
y
p
i u cco ur of al your {uh
i e tes : to th e vtter
,

d e ii ruti o n

of papi
ri e and h eree to the con
ti n ual l fetting forth of
C oddes vvo rd e
and his gl o
ry e

Your Graces m o
b ounden S chole r,
.

To

G E N T L E MEN

A LL

A N D YOM E N OF

E N GLA N D E

I as th e wy i e man came to C refus the ry c h e

kyn g on a ty m e when h e was mak y n g e
newe ihy pp es p urp o i y n g to h aue fub dued
by water th e o ut y l es lying be twix t Grece
and A fi a min or : Wh at newes now in Grece
faith th e king to B ias 1 N one ot h er newes but th efe
fay e th Bias : t h at th e y l es of Grece haue prepared a
won derful c o mpan y e of h o rfeme n to o u erru n Lydia
T h ere is n o th y n g vn der h eauen fayth th e
wi th al l
k yn g e that I wo ul d e fo i o o n e wi i ih e as that they
duri t be fo bolde to mete vs on th e lande with h ori e
And thi n k e you fay eth Bias th at th ere is anye th yng
w h ich they wolde fooner wy fih e t h en t h at you ih ulde
be i o fonde to mete th em on th e water with i h ypp es ?
And fo Crefu s h eai y n g n ot the true n ewes but per
both
c eyu yn g th e wife man nes my n d e and c o un i el l
gau e th en ouer makyn g of his ih y pp es and left alfo
b eh yn d e h i m a wonderful e xample for all commune
weal th es to fo l owe : that i s e uerm o re to regarde and
fet moi t by th at thing wh erevn to natu re h ath made
t h e m moofi apt and vi e h at h made th em m oo ft tte
By th is matter I meane th e ih o tyn g in the long bowe
for E n gl i ih men : which th yng with all my h ert I do
wy ih an d if I were of au th o ri ti e I wolde c o un i el all
th e gentlemen an d y o men of E n gl an d e not to c h aunge
i t with any oth er thyn g h o w good fo euer it feme to
be : but t h at i ty ll ac co rdy n g to th e oulde won t of
i h o n eit
E ngland youth ih o u ld e vi e i t for th e m oo f
p ail ym e in peace t h at men my gh t h an dl e it as a m o o il e
fure weapon in warre O ther itro n g e weapons wh i ch e
both e experience do th p ro n e to be good an d th e
,

'

wy i d o m of the ki n ges M ai elti e an d hi s c o un i el p ro uy d es

to be h ad , are n o t o rd ey n ed to take away ih o ty n g : b ut
t
o g i th er, whet h er i h u ld be
bot
not
compared
h
a
t
,
y
better t h en th e other, b ut i o i o yn ed to gi th er t h at th e
on e ih o uld e be al way es an ay de an d h elpe for the oth er,
my gh t fo itren gth en the R eal me on all i y d es , t h at n o
kynde of enemy i n any kynde of weapon , mygh t pane
and go b ey o n d e vs
For t h is p urp ofe I , p artel y e p rouok ed by the c oun i e l l
of fome gentlemen , partly moue d by the lou e wh i c h e
I haue alway es borne to warde ih o ty n g , haue wry tten
t h i s lytle treati i e, wherein if I hau e n ot fati i fy ed any
man , I tru it h e wy l l the rath er be conten t with my
d oyn g, b y caui e I am ( I i up p o i e) the ri te , wh i c h e ha th
fay d e any thyn g e i n t h i s matter (and fewe b egyn n y n g e s
be perfect, fayt h wy i e men ) An d al i o b y c aui e y f I
h au e fayed a m i ii e , I am content th at any man amende
i t , or y f I h au e fayd to lytle , any man t h at wy l to adde
w h at hy m p l eai e th to it
My minde i s , in p ro tyn g e an d p l eafy n ge euery man ,
to h urte or d i fp l eai e n o man , i n ten dy n g n on e ot h er
m
h
ur o f
bu
t
that
u
h
t
e
o
e
,
yg t be ityrred to labour,
p p
y
ho h e it p aity me, an d vertue , an d as muc h as laye in m e ,
plucked from y dl en es , vn thri ft i e games, and vice
wh y c h e thing I haue laboured o n ly e i n this booke ,
i h ewy n g e howe t i h o o ty n g i s for all kyndes of men ,
ho we h o n eit a p ail ym e for the my n d e, h o we h o l i o m e
an ex erc i fe for th e b o dy e, not vile for great men to vi e,
n ot c o ly e for poore men t o fuiteyn e, not lurking i n
h oles an d corn ers for ill men at th ey r p l eai ure, to m i fvi e
i t , b ut abiding in th e open fi ght and face of the wo rld e,
for good m en i f i t faul t by th ey r wi fdo m e to corre ct i t
A nd h ere I wo ul d e defi re all gentlemen an d y o m e n ,
to vi e t h i s p aiti m e in i uc h e a mean , t h at th e outragio n s
n es of great gam y n g, ih ul d n ot h urte th e h o n e i ti e of
ih o tyn g , w h ic h of h i s o wn e natu re i s al way e s i o y n ed wit h
h o n e il i e : yet fo r m en n e s faul tes o fte n ty m e s blamed
vn wo rt h e l y , as all good thy n ges haue ben , and e ue r
more ih al l be
.

man wo ul de blame m e ey th er for takyn ge

i uc h a matter i n h ande or els for wri ting i t i n the
E n gl y i h e tongue t h is an i were I may make b y m th at
w h an th e b ei te of th e real me th i n k e i t h one tt for t h em
to vi e I one of th e mean e i t forte ough t not to i up p o fe
i t vile for me to write A nd th oug h to h au e wri tten i t
in an ot h er tonge h ad bene both e more protable for
my itudy an d al i o more h o n eit for my name yet I can
th i n k e my labour wel b eo wed y f wi th a littl e b y n
d erau n c e of my p ro fy t an d name maye come any
fo u rthe raun c e to th e p l eai ure or c o mm o di ti e of th e
gen t lem e n and yeomen of En g lan d e fo r wh o i e fake I
tooke t h is matter in h ande And as for ye Latin or
gre ke tonge e uery t h ing i s i o excellently done i n
t h em th at n one can do better I n th e E n gly ih tonge
contrary e uery th i n g e i n a maner i o meanly both e for
th e matter an d h an d e ly n g e t h at n o man can d o wo ri e
For th erein th e l eail learned for th e moil e parte h aue
ben al way es moofi redye to wry te And t h ey wh i c h e
had l eaite h Op e i n latin haue ben e mo ite b o uld e i n
w h en furel y e e uery man t h at is mo it e ready
e n gly ih e
to taul ke i s not moo fi able to wry te H e t h at wy l l
wry te well in any tongue mu it e fo l o we t h ys c o un c el of
A ri ito tl e to i p eak e as th e common people do to
an d i 0 i h o ul d e e u ery man
th i n k e as wife men do
vn d e ritan d e b y m and th e i u dg e m e n t of wy f
e men alowe
Many E n gl i i h writers h aue not d on e i o bu t
b ym
trau n g e wordes as latin frenc h an d Italian do
vfmg e f
make all th i n g es darke an d h arde O nes I communed
with a man wh i c h e reafo n ed th e en gl y ih e tongu e to b e
i ay i n g e : Wh o wy l l
e n ry c h ed and e n c re ai ed th erb y
not p rayi e t h at feaite w h ere a man ih all d rinke at a
diner bot h e wyn e ale and beere ? Truely quod I
th ey be all good euery one taken by hym felfe alone
but if you putte M al u ei y e and i ac k e read wyne and
w h ite ale and beere and al in on e pot you fhall mak e
a d ry n k e n eyth er e afi e to be kn o wen nor yet h o li o m
for th e b o dy e C icero i n fo l o wy n g I i o crates Plato
and Demo ith en e s i n c reai e d th e latine tonnge after an
If

an y

other forte This waye b y c aui e dy u ers men yat write

do not kno w t h ey can n ey th er fo l o we i t b y c aui e of th e yr
i gn o raun c i e nor yet will p ray i e it for ve ry e arro g au n c i e
i i faul te s fe ld o m e th e one out of th e ot h ers c o m pan y e
E n gl y ih writers by d i uerfi ti e of tym e h aue taken
I n ou r fat h ers ty m e no th ing
d i uerfe matters in hande
was red but b o ok es of fayned c h e ualri e w h erein a
man by redinge fh u l d be led to n on e ot h er ende but
onely to man il augh ter and b au dry e Yfany man i up
pofe they were good y n o ugh to p aife th e time wi th al
h e is d ec eyu ed For fure l y e vayn e wo o rd es d oo woorke
n o i mal th i n g e i n vayn e i gn o raun t and younge m i n d es
fp e c i al ly y f t h ey b e gy uen any thy n g e th ervn to of
T h efe boke s (as I h aue h eard
th eyr o wn e nature
fay) were made t h e mo il e parte i n A bbayes an d
M o n ail e ri es a very l i c k ely an d t fruite of fuc h e an
y d l e an d b l yn de kinde of ly uy n g e
I n ou r ry me n owe w h an e uery mann e is gyu c h
to knowe m uch e rather than to l i ue wel very many
d o wri te but after fuche a fafh i o n as very many
d o ih o o te S ome {h ooters take i n hande i tro n ge r
bowes t h an t h ey be abl e to may n tay n e T h is th yng
maket h t h em i umm ty me to o utfh o o te th e marke
i umm ty m e to i h o te far wyde and p e rc h au n c e h u rte
fu mm e t h at l o o k e on
O th er th at n euer learned
to ih o te n or yet knoweth good ih afte n or bowe wy l l
be as b ue as th e be il but fuc h e one commonly
plucketh doune a fy de and crafty arch ers w h ich
be agayn it h i m will be both e glad of h y m and
alfo euer ready to laye and bet wi th hi m : i t w e re
bett er for fuc h e on e to fi t doune th an ih o te O th e r
t h ere be wh ic h e h au e ve t ye good bowe an d ih aftes
an d good knowledge i n ih o o ti n ge but t h ey h aue bene
broug ht vp in fuc h e e n y l fauo ure d ih o o ty n g e t h at
t h ey c an n ey th e r fh o o te fayre n or ye t nere V i any
man wy ll app l y e th e fe t hy n ge s to gy th e r fh al n ot i e
t h e on e farre diffe r from th e o th er
And I al fo am o n ges all o th e in wri ti n ge t h i s ly tle
u mm e yonge ih o o te rs w h i c h e
o l o we d f
tre ati f
e h au e f
,

20

bothe wy ll b egyn to ih oo te for a lytle m on ey e and

e about th e marke for
alfo wy ll vf
e to ih o te ones or twi f
nough t afore t h ey beginn e a good And th erfo re did I
take th is little matter in h ande to ai fay e my felfe and
h ereafter by th e grace of God if th e i u dge m en t of wy i e
men th at l o ok e on th i n k e t h at I can do any good I
maye p erc h aun c e cafte my ih ai te amo n ge oth er for
better game
Ye t in writing thi s booke fome man wy l l maruayl e
p e rc h aun c e why t h at I b ey n g an vn p erfy te fho ter
i h o ul d e take in han de to write of m aky n g a p erf
y te
arc h er : th e fame man p e rad uen ture wy l l maruay l e h o we
a wh etteil o n e wh i c h e is b l un te can make th e edge of a
knife i h arp e : I wo ul d e ye fam e man ih ul d e con fi der
alfo t hat in go y n g about anye matter t h ere be iiii
i d ere d d o n
th i n g es to be c o n f
y g faying t h inking an d
it
h
h
f
f
n ef
Pir
e
t
ere
is
n
o
man
t
at
dot
h
wel
r

t
e
i
o
e
e
p
but h e can faye better or elles fumme men wh i c h e b e
now flarke n ough t fh ul d be to good A gay n e no man
can vtter wy th h i s tong fo wel as h e i s able to imagin
with h i s minde and yet p e rfetn effe it fel i c i s farre
aboue all th inking T h an feeing t h at faying is one
ep p e n erer p erfe ten eii e t h an d o y n g let e uery man
h al l rat h er e xp re ii e
l eu e m aru ey l y n g wh y my wo o rd e f
t h an my dede fh al l p erfo urm e p erfe cte fh o o ti n g e
I tru it e no man will be o ffended with th is litle booke
excepte it be fumm e e tc h ers an d b o wi ers thinking
h ereby t h at manye t h at loue fh o o ty n g e f
h al l be taugh te
to refufe fuc h e n o ugh ti e wares as th ey wo ul de vtter
H o n e ft e tc h ers and bowyers do not i o and t h ey t h at
be vn h o n eit o ugh te rat h er to amende t hem fel ues for
doi n ge ill t h an b e angrie wit h me for fay i n g e wel
A
etc h er hat h eu en as good a q
u arel l to be angry with
an arch er t h at refui e th an ill fhaft as a b lad efmi th
h ath to a e tc h er yat fo rfak e th to bye of h i m a n o ug h ti e
kn y fe
For as an arc h er mu fi be conten t t h at a
etc h e r kno w a good ih afte in eu ery poyute for th e p er
fet er maky n g e of it S o an h o n e fle e tc h e r wi ll alfo
be content t h at a fh o o ter knowe a good fh afte in e ue ry
,

2!

for the p erter vfmg o f i t b i c aufe th e one

knoweth lik e a fletch er how to mak e i t th e oth er
kn owe th lyke an arch er howe to vfe i t An d feyn g th e
k n o wl eg e i s one in t h em bothe yet the ende d i uerfe
furely t h at f
l etc h er is an e n em y e to archers an d artil
lery wh i c h e can n ot be content th at an arc h er kn owe a
fhafte as well for his vfe i n i h o ty n g e as h e h y m felfe
ih o ul d e knowe a f
h afte for h y s ad uau n tag e in fel ly n g e
An d th e rather b y c aui e i h aftes b e n ot m ade fo mu c h e
to be folde but c h efely to be vi ed An d fey n g e th at
vi e and oc c u i n
h afte is made the
p y g is th e ende why a f
making as i t were a mean e for occupyi ng furel y th e
k n o wel eg e i n eu e ry p o y n te of a good f
h afte, i s more to
be re quired in a fh o o ter than a etc h er
Yet as I fay d e before n o h o n eit e tc h er wi ll be an gry
with me fe i n ge I do n ot teache howe to make a fh afte
wh i ch e b el o n geth o n ely e to a good
e tc h er b u t to knowe
an d handle a fhafte which belongeth to an arch er
And t h i s lytle b ook e I truil e fh al l p l eafe and p ro te
bot h partes : For good bowes an d fh afte s fh all b e better
kn o wen to th e c o m m o d i ti e of a1 i h o ters an d good ih o ty n g
may pe rc h aun c e b e the more o ccupied to th e p ro te
o f al l bo wyers an d etc h ers And thu s I praye God
t hat all etc h ers getti ng th eyr ly uy n g e truly and al ar
c h ers vfyn ge ih o o ty n ge h o n eii ly an d all maner of men
that fanou t artille ry , may lyu e co n ti n uall y e in
h ealth e an d m eri n eii e obeying th ey r
prince as they ih ul de an d louing
God as th ey oug h t to whom
for al th i n g es be a1 h o
nour and gl o ry e for
Amen
e uer
n te
o
p y

f ih o o t i n ge
vvo
c o n t e n ed i n
t
y
b o o ke s
fc h o le

The

To all Gen tlemen an d y omen

e to reae,
l
r
t
/
zey r p a
m
l
m
i
o
z
e
a
a
e
y
/
f
p f
an d p rotabl e for t/i ey r ufe
l o fol ow, ooi /z i n war

an

Th e

contentes of the rfl booke

E arn eft b uf
fe o ugh t
i n ef
wy th h o n eil e p aity m e

to

be

Fol

S h o o ty n g m o f
t h o n eit p ail y m e

The i n uen ti o n of fh o o ti n ge
S h o o ty n ge t
S h o o ty n g ,

for princes an d greate men 5

t for S c h o l ers an d ftud en tes

ough t to

l earn e

to fi nge

th an any
9
1 1

p
g
[

33
[

G
I
[

31

BIB

37

S h o o ty n g e tter for il ud en tes

mu fi ke or I n ftrumen tes

Yonth e

reih ed
ref

QB
[

23

No

muche

mann er of man doth or can vi e t o

i h o o ty n g e

A g ayn f
te vn l awful l gammes

cardes and dife

S h o o ty n g

O bedience the

24

b ef
t p ro p erti e

of a

and n ame] ye

in war

if
[

49 ]

[
Q3

S oul

dyan

and auth o ri te s ag ay n il e i oo t
yu ge in war wi th the c o n futac i o n of th e
fame
26
R eaf
on s

p l eai e d wi th il ro n ge wep o n s
valy aun t f
eates of war

God i s

an d
28

c o mm o d i ti e

of Sh o o ty n g i n war
t h ro ugh e th e H i il o ri e s Greke an d L atin
and all nations C hri il en an d H eathen 2 9
The

Vi e

i l ro n g e

65

c auf
e th e

of i ho o ty n ge at h ome
zo o ti n ge i n warre

Vie

41

352
[
r
[

of ih o o ty n g e at home except men

h e apte by natur e an d c o n n y n g e by teac h
yng doth litle good at all
43
,

91

Lacke of l earn yn g e to fh o o te c aufeth e En g

lande lacke many a good arch er
46
.

In l earn yn g any th yng a man mu tt conete

to be b elt or e ls he i hal n euer attayn e to
be meane
47

98

24

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k e at the a
i rs t b a
t he f
sshol e
of s hit ti n g
B hol ogus
i lalogs

i nt

ompbtlus

You il ud i e to fore Toxophile

I wi l not hurt my fel fouer
m oche I warraun t you
i9m Take hede you do n ot for we
P h yfi c i o n s saye t h at i t is n et h er good for
th e eye s i n fo cleare a S unne nor yet h oli o me for ye
bod ie fo i o o n e after meate to l o o k e vp o n a man s bok e
ux I n catinge and itudy i n ge I will n eue r fo l o we
anye P h yfi k e for y fI dy d I am fure I ih o ul de haue i mal l
h
i
n
the
one
an
d
l
effe
courage
in
l
e
a
i
u
r
t
e o ther
e
p
But w h at newes d raue you byth er I praye you ?
19wS mal l newes trul i e bu t that as I came on
walkyn g e I fortuned to come with thre or foure th at
went to ih o te at the p ry c kes : A n d when I fawe not
you amo n g es th em but at the laii efpy ed you l o kyn ge
on your booke here fo fadly e I t h ought to come an d
holde you wi t h fome communication l eft your bok e
For m e t h ought by
ih o ul de runn e awaye wi th you
your wauery n g pace an d earn eil l o ky i n g you r bok e
led you not you i t
.

6 13 1 0115 11 113

26

ax In dede as i t ch aunced my my n de went fa lter

.

for I h appened h ere to reade i n P /zearo

P l atoms a place t h at entretes wo n d erful li e of th e nature
of foules w h ic h place ( w h eth er i t; were for I P h dr
h
n e eloquence of Plato
t
e
an
d
th e p a
y g
Greke tongue or for th e hy gh e and go dl i e d ei c ri pti on of
th e matter kept my my n d e f
o occupied t h at i t h ad n o
l ei fure to loke to my feete
For I was redi n g h owe
fome foules being wel l feth ere d ewe alway e s abou t
h eauen an d h eaue n l i e matters oth er fome h au i n g e t h eir
fe th e rs m o wted awaye and d ro up i n g e, fan k e do wne
into earth l i e th i n ges
i 8in I remembre th e place veric wel and it i s won
d erfull i e fayd of Plato and now I fe it was n o m aruel l
th o ugh your fete fay l ed you feing your minde ewe
th en my

feete,

'

'

o.

I am gl adde now th at you letted me for my

h ead akes wi th l o ki n g on i t and b y c aui e you tell m e
fo I am ve t ye fori e yat I was not wit h th o fe good fel o es
you i pake vp o n for i t i s a veri e faire day for a man to
i h o te in
19W And me th i n k e you were a great dele better
occupied an d in better companie for i t is a very faire
daye for a man to go to h i s boke in
ux A I dayes and weth ers wi l ferue for that p ar
pofe an d furel i e t h is o c c ao n was ill l o ft
3W Yea but clere wet h er maketh clere m i n des
3E
and i t i s be it as I fup p o i e to fp en d ye be it time vp o n
An d m e th ough t you ih ot veri e wel
th e be il th i n ge s
an d at t h at marke at w h ich euery good fo oler i o ul de
mo il e b ul i e i h o te at And I fupp o i e i t be a great dele
more p l eai ure al i o to fe a foule y e in Plato t h en a
fh afte
I grau n te you ih o ti n g i s
y e at th e p ri c k es
n ot th e wo rit th ing in th e world yet if we i h o te an d
time ih o te we ar [
e ] not like to be great winn ers at th e
length An d you know alfo we fc h o l ers h aue more em eit
and wei gh ti e matters in h and , n or we be n o t borne to
pail i me and pley as you kn ow wel y n o ugh wh o fayt h
311301 Yet th e fame man in th e fame place P /zi l olog e,
,

s hunti ng

s r ulr o f

EH) :

27

by your l eu e doth admi tte h o li o me ho h e i t

M
Ci i o ff
an d m an e rl i e p ail i m e s to be as n ec e ffari e
to be mingled with fad matters of th e minde as eating
and il ep i n g i s for th e h eal th of th e body an d yet we
be borne for n eith er of bo th e An d A t if M m
b
e lf
to tl e h i m f
e fayt h yat al th ough it were
a fonde and a c hy l d i ih thing to be t o em e it in p aiti me
and play yet doth he ai rm e by the au tho ri ti e of th e
oul d e Poet E pi c h armus that a man may vi e play for
e m e i t ma tter fake
And i n an oth er place
A i p l
8 3
yat as re ft i s for labour an d medicines for
b el th fo i s pa ll ime at tymes for fad an d wei gh ti e
,

us

o.

udi e
B bi H ow moch e i n thi s matter i s to b e gi u en to
.

au t o ri ti e

ei t h er of A ri flo tl e or Tulli e I can no t

tel feing fad men may wel y n o ugh i peke m eri l y for a
meri e matter t h is I am fure wh i c h e t h ing this faire
wh eat (god faue it ) maketh me remembre yat th o fe
h ufb an d m en which rife erl i eil an d come l atefl h ome
and are conten t to haue t h ei r diner and oth er d ri n c k
inges b ro ug h te into th e el de to t h em for feare of
l o fmg of time haue fatter h a m es i n h arn e than
they whi c h e will either flep e at n on e tim e of th e daye
or els make m erie with t h ei r n eigh bou rs at th e ale
An d fo a fc ho l er yat p urp o fe th to be a good h ufb an d
an d defi re th to repe and en i o y much frui te of learn
inge m u il e ty ll e and fo we t h ereafter Our b efte feed e
ty me whic h b e f
c h o l e rs
as i t i s ve ri e ty mel y e an d
w han we be yonge fo i t en duret h n ot o uerlo n ge and
therefore it maye n ot be let nippe one h oure oure
r
f
r
h
o
e
i
s
ve
t
ye
harde
and
full
of
wedes
our
n
d
o
u
e
g
wh e rwi th we be drawen ve ry wylde as Plato fayth
An d innite other m o lettes wh i c h e wi l
I P h dm
make a thri fti e fc h o l er take hede h o w he
fp e n d eth his r
ym e in fp o rte an d p l ey e
CI OI That A ri il o tle and Tu l li e i pake e rn eil li e an d
as t h ey t h ough t th e e rn eil matter w h ich th ey e n tre ate
vp o n
dot h p lai n ly e proue An d as for you r h uf
b an d ri e i t was more p ro b ab l i e tolde with apt worde s
ye

,
.

aruti b us g

28

propre to ye thing then th rough ly pro ued with

reaf
Far c o n trari wi fe I
o n s b el o n gy n g e to our matter
herd my fel fe a good h ufb an d e at his boke ones faye
th at to omit flud i e fo mti me of th e daye , and fome
time of th e yere made afmo c h e for th e en c reafe of
learning as to let th e land lye fo meti m e fall o e maketh
for th e better en c reafe of co m e T h is we fe yf th e
lande be plowed eu ery e yere the co m e c o mmeth
t hi n n e vp th e eare is th ort th e grayn e i s i mal ] an d
wh en i t is brough t into th e barne and th refh ed gyu eth
very eui l l faul S o th o fe w h ich neuer l eaue poring on
th e ir bokes h au e oftenti mes as thi n n e i n uen ti o n as
oth er poore men h aue an d as i mal wit an d weight i n
i t as in oth er mens
An d th us youre h ufb an dri e me
n u d e t h at
th i n k e is more like th e life of a c o ue to uf
e f
g
oft very e ui ll p reu es t h en th e labour of a good h ufb an d
that knoweth wel wh at h e dot h And fure l i e th e be il
wittes to l ern i n g mu il nedes h aue moch e recreation
an d c eafmg from th eir boke or els t h ey marre them
fel ues w h en bafe and d o m pyi i h e wittes can neuer be
h urte with continual ] il u d i e as ye fe in luting t h at a
treble minikin firing m uft al way es be let down but at
fuch e time as when a man m uit nedes playe : w h en
ye bafe an d dull ryn g n e deth neuer to be moued
ou t of his place Th e fame reafo n I n de true in two
u i ck e of call
bowes th at I h au e wh ero f the one is q
tri ck e and trimme both for p l eai ure an d p ro f
y te : the
ot h er is a lugge o we of c all folowing th e ring
more fure for to la it then p l eafaun t for to vi e
N ow
i n i t chaun ced th is other night one in my chambre
wolde nedes bende th em to proue their il ren gth but
I can not tel how they were b oth left bente ty ll the
ex te daye at after dyn er : an d w h en I came to them
p urp o fmg t o haue gon e on ih o ti n g I foun d my good
bowe c l en e ca it on the one de an d as weak e as
water th at furel i e (if I were a riche man ) I had rath er
h aue fp en t a c ro wn e an d as for my lugge it was n ot
one wh y t th e wo rfe but i h o tte by an d by as wel and
as farre as eu er i t dy d An d enen fo I am i ure t h at
,

( the s rb ul z at s huntin g

29

good wittes except t h ey be let downe like a treble

f
i ring an d vn b en t like a good call i n g bowe t h ey wi l
neuer la i l and be able to continu e i n ud i e And I
know where I i p eak e th is P h i l olog e for I wolde n ot
faye thus moc h e afore yong men for t h ey wil take
But I faye i t
i oo n e o c cao n to ftu di e litle yn o ug h
th erf
e I knowe as litle il u d i e getteth litle
o re b i c auf
learn i n g e or n on e at all fo the m o o it il u d i e getteth
not ye m oo fi learning of all For a mans witte fore
occupi ed i n e m e it i l u d i e muit be as wel recreated
wit h fome h o n eil p ail i m e as the body fore laboured
u i e tn e
e or els i t
m u fl be re fre ih ed with il ep e an d q
can not endure very longe as the n oble poete fay e th
,

u i et an d
q

l V/zat ( Ii i /1g wan t:

rg Z en du re:

m eri

bu t afm al w/ ul e
'

Q ui d

An d I p ro m ife y ou ih o ti n g by my i udgemen t i s
3
3
ye m o o it h o n e il p aiti me of al an d fuch e one I am
fure of all oth er t h at h i n d reth learning litle or noth ing at
all whatfoe uer you an d fome oth er faye wh i c h e are a
gret dele fu rer agai n fl i t al wai es than you n ede to be
H indere th l earn i n ge litle or n o th in g e at all ?
9
that were a m eruay l e to me truel le an d I am fure feing
you fay i 0 you haue fome reafo n w h ere with yo u can
defende {b oo ti n g wi th all an d as for wy l (for the lou e
t h at you beare to ward e ih o ti n ge ) I th i n k e there fhall
lacke n on e in you Th erfo re fei n g e we haue fo good
l e y fure bo the and no b odie by to trouble vs : an d y o u
fo wi ll i n g e an d able to defende i t an d I fo redy an d
glad to h eare w h at may be fay de of i t I fup p o fe we
canne not pa ffe the tym e better ouer n ey th er you for
ye h o n efli e of your i h o ti n g nor I for myn e o wn e
m i n d fak e than to fe w h at can be fayed wi th i t or
agay n il e i t and fpe c i all i e in the i c dayes w h an i o many
d o e th vi e i t, and eueri e man i n a maner doeth com
mon of i t
0501 To i pe ak e of ih o o ti n ge Philologe tru ly e I
wo ul d e I were fo able eith er as I my fel i c am willing
or yet as th e mat te r d e feru e th but feing with wi fih i n g
we c an n o t haue one nowe wo rth i e whi c h e fo wo rth i e
,

E t pl) nus g

3o

a thi n g e can wo rth i l i e p rai fe an d although I had

rath er h au e anie ot h er to do i t th an my fe l i c y e t my
fel i c rat h er t h en n o oth er I wil not fail to fay e i n i t
w h at I can wh eri n if I faye litle laye th at of my li tle
h ab i l i ti e not of th e matter it fel fe w h ic h d efe rueth no
lyt tl e th i n g e to b e fay d e of i t
195 i I f it d eferue no little th i n g e to be fay d e of it
Toxop h ile I m arue ll h owe it c h aun c eth th an t h at n o
man h i th erto h ath wri tten any t h i n ge of i t : wh eri n
you m u it graun te me th at e y th er the matter is n o ug h te
vn wo rth y e and barren to be writ ten vpp o n o r els fome
m en are to blame wh i c h e both loue i t and vi e it an d
ye t could neu e r n d e in th ey r h eart to faye one good
w o o rd e of it fe i n g e t h at very tri
i n g e mat ters h ath n ot
lacked great learn ed men to fette t h em out as gn attes
and n u ttes and many o t h er m o like th i n ges wh e r
fore ey th er you may h o n e il l i e laye veric great faut
e d i t or els
vp o n men b y c au f
e t h ey n euer yet p ray f
I may i u i tl i e take awaye n o litle th i n g e fro m ih o o ti n g
b y c aufe it neuer yet d efe rue d i t
@
1301 Truly e h erein P h ilologe you take n ot fo mu ch e
from it as you gi uc to i t For great and commodious
th y n g e s are ne uer g reatl i c p ray f
e th e y
e d not b y c auf
b e not wo rth i e but b i c au fe t h eir exc elle n c i e n ede th
n o man h y s p ray i e h au i n ge all th ey r commendation of
t h e m fel fe not b o ro we d of o th er men h i s lippes w h ich
rath er p rayi e th em felfe i n i p eky n g e muc h of a litle
th y n ge t h an t h at matter wh i c h e t h ey en treat V p o n
Great an d good th i n g es be n ot p ray fe d For wh o
euer p ray fe d Hercules (i ay e th th e Greke p ro u erb e)
An d t h at no man h it h erto h ath written any book e of
i h o ti n g th e fault i s n ot to be layed i n th e th yng
wh i c h e was wo rth i e to be written vp o n b ut of men
w h ich wer e n egligent i n d o y n g it and t h i s was th e
c auf
M enne th at v i e d ih o o ty n g
e t h erof as I f
upp o f
e
mo il e and k uewe it be i t were not learned men t h at
were l ern e d v i ed li tle i h o o ti n g and wer e ignoran t in
th e nature of th e th y n g e an d f
o f
ewe menne h at h bene
t h at h i th erto w ere able to wry te vp o n it Yet h owe
,

thul e ufshunt i n g
( the a

31

longe ih o ty i n g hat h continued w h at common weal thes

h a th mo i l e v i ed it howe h o n e il e a th yn g e i t is for all
m en w h at kynde of lining fo euer t h ey fo l o w wha t
p l e ai ure an d pro t c o mm e th of i t bot h in peace and
warre all maner o f tongue s an d writers H eb rue
Greke and Latine h ath fo p l en ti full i e fp o k en of i t as
of fewe oth er th i n g es like S o w h at ih o o ti n g is h owe
many kindes t h ere i s of i t w h at go o dn effe is i o y n e d
with i t i s tolde : o n ely e h owe it i s to be learn e d an d
brough t to a p e rfe t n effe am o n g e s m en i s n ot to uld e
g ht} Th an Tox op /zi l e if i t be fo as you d o faye le t
vs go fo rward e an d ex am i n h owe p l en ti fulli e t h i s i s
don e that you i peke an d rite of th e i n u en ti o n o fit
th an w h at h o n eit i e and pro t i s i n th e vi e of i t both e
for warre and peace more t h an in oth er p aiti mes la ite
of all h owe i t ought to be learn e d am o n ge s men for
th e e n c reaf
e of it which th i n g e i f you do not o n el y e
I nowe for youre communication bu t many oth er mo
w h en th ey fh all knowe of it for your 1ab o ur an d ih o tyi n g
i t fel fe al i o (if i t c o uld e i peke ) for your ky n dn effe wy l l
can yo u very moc h e th an k e
6 0mph W h at good thy n g es m e n i p eak e of fh o ti n g
an d w h at good thi n g e s i o o ti n g b ringes to m en as my
wi t an d k n owl ege wi ll ferue m e gladly fh all I fay my
mind Bu t how the th ing i s to b e learned I wi ll furel y
l e ue to fo me other whic h b oth e for greater exp erien ce in
i t an d alfo for their l ern i n ge can fet it ou t better th an I
bi Well as for th at I knowe bot h wh at you can do
in ih o oti n g by experience and yat you can al i o i peke
well y n o ugh of ih o o ti n g for youre learning but go on
with th e rit part
An d I do not doubt bu t what my
d efyre what your lou e toward i t th e h o n efli e of
ih o ti n g th e p ro te that may come thereby to many
ot h er i b al l ge t th e feconde parte out of you at the la il
oxopb O f the ril n ders out of fh o ti n g di uers
men d i u erily e doo wryt e
C lau di an e th e
Cl a d ia ,
i hi tri
poete fayt h th at nature gaue example of
ih o ty n g ri l by th e Porpen tine w h ic h d oth ih o te hi s
p ri c k es and will h itte any th i n g e t h at gh tes with i t :
,

32

whereby men learned afterward e to i mmi tate th e fame

in n dyn g ou t both bowe an d ih aftes
P li
P l i n i e referreth it to S c h y th es th e fo u ne
o f I up i ter Better and more noble wry ters bringe
ih o ti n g from a more n oble i n u en to u r : as Plato
I
C al i m ac h u s and Galene from Apollo
y mp
Yet longe afore th o fe dayes do we reade
G
in th e bible of ih o ti n g e exprey e An d
alfo if we th all b el eu e Nich olas de Lyr a N i d lyra
Lamech killed Cain with a fh afte S o th is
great c o n ti n uaun c e of fh o ti n g doth n ot a lytle prai fe
i h o ti n g e : nor t h at neit h er dot h not a li tle fet i t oute
th at i t i s referred to th [
i
n u en ti o n of Apollo for th e
e
]
w h ic h poyn t fh o ti n g i s h igh ly e p rai fed of Gal ,
ad b
h
Galene : wh ere h e fayth yat m ean c raftes
a m
b e rit found out by men or b eail es as
weau i n g by a fp i d er and fuc h e oth er : but h igh an d
commendable fc i en c es by go ddes as fh o ti n g e an d
m ufi c k e by Apollo
And t h us fh o tyn g e for th e n e cef
i i ti e of it ! fed in Adams dayes for th e n o b l en effe of
i t referred to Apollo hath not ben o n el i e commend e d
in all tu n ges an d writers but alfo h ad in greate price
both in th e be it commune weal th e s in warre ty m e for
th e defence of t h eir countrie an d of all degr e es of m e n
i n peace ty m e b oth e for th e h o n ei ti e th at i s i o y n ed
wi th it an d th e p ro fy te t h at fo l o weth of it
bi lul Well as concerning th e fy n d i n ge oute of it
litl e p ray i e is gotten to fh o ti n ge th erb y fei n g e good
wittes maye m o o il e eafely e of all fy n d e oute a tri fe
lyn ge matter B ut w h ere as you faye t h at m o o e com
m un e weal th es h aue vi ed it in warre ty me and all de
grees of men maye ve t ye h o n eil ly e vi e it in peace
ty me : I th yn k e you can neit h er ih ewe by auth o ri ti e
nor yet proue by reafon
ill uxophf Th e vfe of it in warre ty m e I wy l l declare
h ereafter And ril e h owe al l kindes an d fortes of men
h
w
( at degree fo euer t h ey h e) h at h at all tymes afore
and nowe maye h o n eitly e vi e it : th e example of m oo fle
noble men ve t ye well doeth proue
.

n s

o.

en -2 !

en

o r-

"

e x.

es '

( the s t hole at s hoot i n g

33

C y ax ares th e ky n g e of the M e d ee s, and

H e ro d i n c l i o
greate grau n de fath er to Cyrus , k e pte a forte
of S yt h i an s wi th hi m onely for t h i s p u rp o fe, to teac h e
h i s foune A il y ag e s to ih o te C yru s being a
gn gm ;
C

Y
h
h
i
c ilde was broug t vp i n i h o t n g , w h ich
th i n g e Xenop h on wolde n euer h aue made men ti on on ,
excep t i t h ad ben tte for all p rinces to h aue v i ed feing
t h at Xenop h on wrote C yru s ly i e (as Tu ll i e
Ad
F
m
fay th ) n ot to ih ewe w h at C yrus d id , b ut
w h at all m an e r of princes bo th i n p aiti mes and ern e it
m atters ough t to do
Dariu s t h e rit of t h at nam e , and king of P ere
ih e we d plainly howe t it i s for a kinge to loue and
vi e ih o ty n g e , wh i c h e c o mm aun d e d this f
en ten c e to be
grauen in his tombe , for a P ri n c el i e memori e and
pray fe
.

S train

D ari u s ( e K i ng l i ef/z bu ri ed h ere

7 72a! i n f/toti ng an d

ri di n g

had

n eu er

p oxe

A gayn e, Domitian th e E m p e ro ur was fo cunn ing i n

i ho ti n g t h at h e c o ul d e ih o te b etwi x te a man s
l ran q S uc t
ngers il an di n g afarre of, an d n euer h u rt
him
C o m od u s alfo was fo excellen t , and h ad fo fure
a h ande i n it , that t h ere was not h ing wi t h in h i s t etc h e
and lh ote , but h e wold e h i t i t in w h at
H ero d ia 1
place h e wolde : as bea ll es run n i n ge ,
eit h er in the heed , or i n the h erte , an d n euer my ii e , as
H e ro d i an e fay eth he fawe h i m fe lfe, or els h e c o ul d e
'

n euer h au e b el eued i t
n
I
n
dede
you
r
a
i
f
f
h
t
i
ve
ry
wel
in
yat
e
o
i
p
g
b
you i h ewe t h at D omitian an d C ommodus lou e
i h o ti n g e fuc h e an vn grac i o us couple I am fure as a
man fh al l not fyn de ag ayn e if h e raked all h ell for
t h em
oxopb Wel e uen as I wy l l n ot commende t h eir
i l n e ife fo ough t n ot you to d i i prai fe th eir g o o d n e ffe
and in de de th e i udge me n t of H erodian vp o n C o m
m od u s i s true of t h em bo th e and t h at was t h is that
.

( turnpb us g

34

b efi d e lt ren g th of bodie and good ih o ti n g e, th ey b adde

no p ri n c el i e th ing in th em , w h ich l ay i n g me th i n ke
c o mm e n d es ih o ti n
g wo n d erful l i e, cal l i n g e it a p ri n c el i e
th i n g e
Furthermore howe commendable lh o ti n ge i s for
princes Th em i lti u s th e noble p h i l o fo ph er
Th c m i s t
i W e "
lh e weth i n a c ertay n e oration made to
I heo d o fi u s th e] e m p ero ure , wh eri n he doeth com
mende h i m for iii th i n g es, th at h e vi ed of a ch ilde
For ih o ti n g e, for t ydinge of an h o rfe well , an d for
feates of armes
M o re o uer, n o t o n el y e kinges an d em p ero urs haue ben
brough t vp i n i h o ti n g, but alfo th e be lt commune
weal th es th at euer were , h aue made g oo d li e a ctes and
lawes for it , as th e P erfi an s w h ich vn d er Cyru s con
quered in a maner all th e wo rl d e, h ad a H e rod i n c l i o
lawe th at t h eir ch ildren ih ul de l earn e t h re
t h i n ges , o n el i e from v y eare ould e v u to xx to ryde an
h o rfe well , to lh ote well , to i p eak e tru th e
Le o d e s t ra
al way e s an d n euer lye
Th e Romaines

re
(as Leo th e e] mp ero urin his boke of ll ei g h te s of war
telleth ) h ad a lawe t h at eu ery man ih o ul d e vi e i h o ti n g
i n peace ty m e, wh ile h e was xl yere olde and th at
tes ready
e u e ry e h o u f
e ih o ul d e h aue a bowe , and xl lh af
for all n edes , th e o m i tti n ge of wh i c h e lawe (fayth Leo)
i o n wh y
am o n ges th e y o u th e, h at h ben th e onely o c caf
t a great dele of t h eir empire
t h e R o may n e s lo f
But
more of t h is I wil i p e ak e w h en I come to th e p ro te
of ih o ti n g in warre If I lh u l d reh earfe th e ltatutes
mad e of n oble princes of E n glan de in p arl i am en tes
for th e fe ttyn g fo rwarde of ih o ti n g, t h rough t his
i o ti n g the
c i ally t h at acte made for
real m e , and f
e
p
t hy rd e yere
of th e reygn e of our m o o it drad
.

'

lorde king H enry th e viii I could b e

very long But th ei e i ew o e xamples fpe c i ally of l o
gre at men an d noble common weal th es fh al l itan d
in lte d e of many
o mmune wel th e s
T
at
fuc
e
princes
an
d
fuche
c
h
h
!
)
13b
you h aue well
h aue moc h e regarded i h o ti n g
i o u eray gn e

a
n) : s thole ofs hoot i n g
'

d eclared

35

But why fh o ti n g e ough t l o of i t fel fe to be

regarded you h aue fcarc ely e yet p ro ued
@
1301 E xamples I graun t out of h i lto ri es do ib ew a
t h ing to be fo n ot proue a t h ing why i t lh ul d be l o
Yet t h is I fupp o fe yat n eit h er great men s qualities
being commendable be wi th out great auth o ri ti e for
o ther men h o n e ltly to fo l o w t h em : n or yet t h o l e
great l ea rn ed men t h at wrote fuche th i n ges lacke
good reafo n i uitly at al tymes for any ot h er to app ro ue
t h em P rinces beinge c h ildren o ugh te to be broug h t vp
in ih o ti n g : both b y c aufe i t i s an ex erc i fe m o o it
h o l fo m and alfo a p alty m e m o o it h o n e lt : wh e ri n
labour preparet h th e body t o h ardn elfe the minde to
c o u ra
gi o u fn elfe fuffery n g n eit h er th e on e to be marde
with te n dern e li e nor yet the oth er to be h urte wi t h
y dl en e ife as we reade h o w S ardanapalus an d fuc h e
oth er were b y c aui e t h ey were n ot b roug h t vp wit h
ul
o ut ward e h o n e lt p ay n e f
p alty m es to b e men : b ut
c o c ke rd e vp wit h i n ward e n o ug h ti e y d l e wan to n n n e f
fe
to be women For h o w t labour is for al yout h
I up i te r or el s M ino s am o n g es t h em of Grece and
Lycurgu s am o n g es th e Lac e d e mo n i an s d o
Ci
T
O
lh e we by t h eir lawes w h ic h n euer o r
d ey n ed any t h ing for ye b ri n g y n g vp of youth that was
n ot i o n ed with la b our And th e labour wh ich i s in lh o ti n g
y
of al ot h er i s b elt bot h b y caufe i t e n creafe th ltre n g th
and p re ferueth h eal th m o o it b einge not ve h ement b ut
moderate n ot o uerlay i n g any on e part wi th wery
fo m n e ffe but l o i tl y ex erc i fy n g e e u e ry part e wi th
eq
ual n e li e as th e armes and b realtes wi t h d rawi n g e
the other partie s wi th going b eing n ot l o pay n ful l for
aun t for th e p aitym e w h ic h e x erc i fe
th e labour as p l e af
by th e i udg em en t of th e be lt p h y ifc i o n s i s mo lt
alo wab l e
By ih o ti n g alfo is th e my n d e h o n e ltly
i reth to
e xerc i f
e d w h e re a man al wai e s d ef
c an
d

d
be b e lt (wh i ch i s a worde of h o n eiti e) an d
t h at by th e fame waye th at vertue i t fe lfe doet h
c o u e ti n e to come n i gh e it a m oo it pe rte ende or
g
mean e flau ding b etwi xte ii extremes e i c h ewe i n g
.

us

2.

en

36

E urupb il us

lh o rte,

a
.

e i th e rf
yde

or gone or

wide for th e whic h

ca rri es A ri lto tl e h i m felfe fayth th at ih o ti n g
M ,
d
m m
and vertue is very like M o reo ue r t h at
i h o ti n g of all ot h er is th e m o o it ho n e lt p alty m e and
h a th l e e lt o c c afi o n to n o ug h ti n e li e i o y n ed wi th it ii
th i n g es very p l ay n el y e do prou e w h ic h be as a man
wolde faye t he tuto urs and o ueri eers to ih o ti n g e
D aye lig h t and open place w h ere e ue ry e man doet h
com e th e m ay n teyn ers and k ep ers of ih o ti n g from all
vn h o n e it doing
If lh o ti n ge faulte at any ty m e i t
h ydes i t not i t l urke s n o t in corners and bud d er
mo th er : bu t openly ac c ui eth an d bewrayet h it felfe
w h ic h is th e n e x te waye to amendem e n t as wy fe
men do faye And th efe th i n g e s I fup p o i e be fi g n e s
not of n o ug h ti n e li e for any man to d i fal o we i t : b ut
ra th er ve ry e playn e tokens of h o n e iti e for euery e man
to p rayi e it
t h e vi e of lh o ti n g e alfo in greate menu es c h y l d re n
ib al l g reatly e e n c reafe th e loue and vi e of f
h o ti n g e in
all th e refi d ue of youth For mean e m e n n es m y n d es
lou e to be lyke greate menne as Plato
1
i
i
an d I fo c rate s do faye And t h at e uery e
b o dy e ih o u l d e l earn e to lh ote w h en t h ey be yong e
defence of th e commune wealt h doth r e quire w h en
t h ey be olde w h ic h th ing can not be don e m igh tely e
w h en t h ey be men excepte t h ey learn e i t p ertely e
w h en t h ey be boyes
And th erfo re lh o ti n g e of all
p altyrn es is m o o it tte to be v i ed in c h i l d h o d e :
b y c aufe it i s an imitation of m o o it ern elt th i n g e s to
be done in man h o d e
Wh e rfo re ih o ti n g i s tte for great men s ch ildren
bot h b y c aufe it ltren g th n eth th e body wit h h o l i o me
labour and p l eai eth th e m y n d e wit h h o n elt pall ime
and alfo e n c o urag e th all oth er you th ern elt ly e to fo l o we
t h e fame
And t h e l e real ons (as I fupp o fe) lti rred vp
bot h great men to bring vp t h eir c hy l d re n in ih o ti n g e
and alfo noble commune weal the s l o itray tely e to com
maunde ih o ti n g Th erfo re fei n g e Pri nces moue d by
h o n e lt occ af
i on s
hath in al comm un e we al thes vi ed
,

50.

n c.


li br srb ulz at s hoo t i n g

37

lh o tyn g e, I fupp o i e there is none other degree of men ,

neit h er lowe nor hy e, learn e d nor le ude , yonge nor

oulde
19 l You fh al nede wade n o further in
D
t h i s matter Tox op /zi l e but if you can proue
m e th at fc h o l ers an d men gyu en to learning maye h o n e lt
lie vfe lh o ti n g I wy ll fo o n e graun t you that all o th e rfo rtes
of men maye not o n ely e l e ful li e but ough t o fd u ti e to vi e
i t B ut I thi n k e you can not proue bu t t h at all t h el e
examples of fh o ti n ge brought from fo longe a ty m e
v i ed of fo n oble princes con rmed by fo wy i e m e n n es
lawes an d i udgem en tes are fette afore te m p o rall men
o n el y e to f
w h ereby t h ey may th e better
o l l o we them
an d ftro n g lyer defende th e commune wealt h wi thal l
An d n othing belongeth to fc h o l ers and learn ed m e n
w h ich h aue an oth er parte of the commun e wealt h
quiete and peaceable pu t to thei r cu re an d c h arge
wh o fe ende as it is d i ue rfe from th e o th er l o t h ere is
n o on e waye th at leade th to them both
I g raun te P /zi /ol oge t h at fc h o l e rs an d lay
@
1 01 0
men haue d i uerfe o f ces and c h arges in th e com mun e
wealth wh i c h e require s d i uerfe bringing vp i n t h eir
yout h if t h ey i al d o them as t h ey oug h t to d o i n
t h eir age
Yet as te mp o rall m en of n e c e lli ti e are
compelled to take fo m e what of learning to d o th eir
o fce the better with al : S o fc h o l e rs maye th e b o l d ly e r
b orowe fo me wh at of laye menu es p afti m e s t o mayn
te y n e t h eir h ealth in i tud i e wi th al l
An d farelle of al
o th er th i n g e s i h o ti n g i s n ec e lfary for both fortes to
Wh i ch e t h ing wh en i t h at h be n e uerm o re
l e arn e
vi ed i n En glan de how moc h e good i t h ath done both
oulde m e n and C hron icles doo tell : and al i o our
enemies can beare vs recorde For if i t be true (as I
h aue h eard e faye ) when th e k y n g e o f E n gl an d e h ath
ben i n Praun ce th e p re elt es at h ome b i c aufe they were
arc h ers h au e ben able to o ue rthro we all Sc o t lan d e
A gay n e t h er i s an ot h er t h ing w h ic h ab ou e all ot h er
doet h moue me n ot onely to lou e ih o ti n ge to p ray i e
t o ti n g to ex h o rte all ot h er to ih o ti n ge but alfo to

m
.

,
,

aurupb us

38

an d t h at i s our kyng h i s m oo it
royall p u rp o fe and wy ll wh i c h e in all h i s ltatu te s
g en eral ly e doth c o mmaun d e men an d wit h hi s o wn e
mouth e mo o it gen tl i e doeth ex h orte men and by h i s
greate gy i res and re ward es greatly dot h encourage
men and with h i s m o o i t p ri n c el i e example very oft
doth p ro uo k e all oth er men to th e fam e
But h ere
you wy ll com e in with temporal man and fc h o l er : I
tell you p lai n ly e fc ho l er or vn fc h o l er yea i f I wer e
xx fc h o l ers I wold e th i n k e i t were my d uti e bot h e
wit h ex h o rt i n ge men to lh ote and alfo with ih o ti n g my
fo l i e to h elpe to fet fo rward e th at th ing w h ich th e
kinge h i s wi fd o me and h i s c o un i el l fo greatly e
labouret h to go fo rwarde : wh i c h e t h ing furely e t h ey
do b y c aufe t h ey knowe i t to be in warre th e defence
and wal of our countrie in peace an ex erc i fe mo o it
h o l i o m e for t h e body a p alti m e m o oit h o n e lt for th e
m y n d e an d as I am able to proue my felfe of a1 o th er
mo lt e t and ag reab le with l earn i n g e and learned
men
i gbi l i you can p roue t h is thing l o p l ay n ly as you
i p e ak e i t e rn e ltly t h en wil I n ot only thi n k e as you
do bu t become a fh o o ter and do as you do B ut yet
beware I faye l eft you for th e great loue yo u bear
to ward e i h o ti n g e b li n d li e i u dg e of f
h o o ti n g e
For
loue an d a1 oth er to ern elt a ffe ctions be n ot for nough t
Take h ede ( I faye ) l e alt you prefer
p ay n te d blinde
ih o o ti n g e afore oth er p alt i m e s as one B al b i n us t h rough
blinde afieti o n preferred h i s louer before all ot h er
we m e n alt h ough f
h e were deformed with a polypus in
h e r no i e
And alth ough lh o o ti n g maye be mete
fo m ety m e for fome fc h o l ers and l o forth e : yet th e
ttelt al way es is to b e preferred T h erefore if you will
nedes graunt fc h o lers pall ime and recreation of their
mi udes let t h em vfe (as many of them dot h) M ufy k e
an d playing on i n itrum en tes thi n ges mo lt e i em ely for
all fc h o l ers and mo lte regarded al way es of Apollo
and th e M ufe s
afar Euen as I can not deny but fome mu fi ke i s
vi e

ih o ti n g

my

felfe

( the b ut:
fi t for l ern i n g l o
t ha t ih o ti n g i s
i n t his veri e

shooti ng

of

39

I tru it you can n ot c h ofe but graunt

t ao as Cal i mac hus dot h {i gn i e
,

B ot}; me n

'

foug e:

'

an ag ood /Izo ti ng del i tet/z Ap ol l o

Cal h y m a

Butas concern ing wheth er of them i s

6
mo lte t for learning an d fc h o l ers to vfe
you may faye w h at you will for your p l eai ure thi s I am
fure t h at Plato and A ri lto tl e bot h e i n t h eir bokes en
t re ati n g e of th e common wel th e w h ere th ey i ew
h owe y o u th e i h o ul d e be brough t vp in iiii th i n g es i n
redinge in writing i n ex erc i fe of b o dy e an d fi n g i n g
do make mention of M uftck e and all kindes of i t
w h erei n they bot h agre t h at M u ftc k e vi ed amo n g es
th e Lydian s i s veri e i ll for yong men which be ltu
dentes for vertue an d learning for a certai n nice fo l te
and fmo th i wetn eli e of i t wh i c h e wo ul d e rath er entice
them to n o ug hti n e s t h an lti rre them to h o n e lt i e
An ot h er kin de of M uc k e i n u en ted by th e Dorians
th ey both wonderfully p ray i e al o wi n g i t to be veric fy t
for th e it udi e of ve rtue and l earning b ecaufe o f a
m an ly e rough and lt o ute fo u n d e in i t wh y c h e ih ul d e
encourage yong lto mak es to atte m p te man ly e matters
N owe w h ether t h e l e balades an d ro un d es th ei e gali
ard e s p auan e s and dau n ce s fo n i c ely e ngered fo
fwe te ly tuned be l yk er th e M u fi ke of t h e Lydian s or
the Dorian s you t h at b e learned i udg e And w h at l o
eu er ye i udge this I am fure yat lutes h arpes all
maner of pyp e s b arb i to n s famb ukes wit h ot h e r
i n lt ru m en te s e u ery one wh y c h e itan d e th by ne and
quieke n geri n ge be condemned of Arif
p l
8 6
to tl e as n ot to be broug h t in an d v i ed
am o n g e t h e m whi c h e i tu d i e for learning an d vertu e
Pallas w h en fh e h ad i n u e n ted a pi pe ca i t i t away
n ot fo much e fay e th A ri lto tl e b ec aufe i t deformed h e r
face but much e rath er b y caufe fuc h e an I n ltrumen te
belonged n oth ing to l earn yn ge H owe fuc h e I n lt ru
men tes agree wit h learning th e g o o d ly e agremen t
betwix t Apollo god of l earn i n g e and M ari yas th e
,

E ut Upb iItts g

4o

defender of p i pi n ge doth well declare w h ere

M a ri yas h ad h i s lk i n e quite pulled ouer h i s h ead for
h i s labour
M uch e mu fi ke m arre th m en u es mau ers fayth Galen
al th ough fome man wil faye th at i t doth not l o but
rath er rec re ateth and maketh quy ck e a mannes myn d e
yet me th i n k e by reafo n it doth as h ony doth to a
mannes lto m ack e wh i ch e at th e rit rec eyu e th it
well but afterward e i t maketh it vn t to ab y d e any
good ftro n ge n o ri ih yn ge meate or els anye h o l i o m e
lh arpe and qui e ke drinke
And enen fo i n a maner
t h e l e I n itru m e n tes make a mannes wit l o fo l te and
fmo o th e fo tender and q
ua
i ft e th at th ey b e leffe abl e
to brooke ftro n g an d tough itudi e Wittes be not
lh arp en e d but rat h er d ulled and made b lun te wy th
fuc h e fwe ete fo fte n eli e enen as good edges be b l o n te r
wh i c h e menne wh ette vp o n fo fte c h alke lt o n es
An d t h e l e t hi n ges to be true not onely Plato A ri lto tl e
an d G alen proue by auth o ri ti e of reafo n
H m dm
i
but al fo Herodotus and o t h er writers
fh e we by playne and eui d en t example as t h at of
C yrus wh i c h e after he h ad o uerc o m e th e Lydians
and taken t h eir kinge C refus p ri fo n er yet aft e r by
th e meane of on e P ac ty as a ve t ye h ead i e m ann e
amo n g e s th e Lydians t h ey rebelled ag ay n lte C yru s
ag ay n e th en Cyrus h ad by an by b ro ugh te t h em to
vtter d eltruti o n y f C ref
us being i n good f
au o u r wi th
C yrus h ad not b ertelle d efy red h i m not to t e n enge
But if h e
P ac ty as faulte in ih edy n g e th ey r blood
would fo l o we h i s c o un i ell h e m y gh t b ry n g e to paffe
t hat th ey ih o ul de neuer more rebe l agay n lt b y m And
yat was th is to make t h em weare long ky rt i l s to ye
foot lyke Wo o m en and th at eu ery e on e of t h em ih o ul d e
h aue a h arpe or a lu te and l earn e to playe and fmg
wh y c h e th i n g e if you do fay th Crefus (as h e d y d in dede )
you fh all fe th em q
u i c k el y e of m en
made women
And th us l n tinge and fi n gi n g e take away e a m an ly e
ito m ake wh i c h e ih ul d e enter and pearce d e pe and
h arde ltudy e
S atyr ,

a
n) : s tb ulz ofshoot i ng

41

Eu en fuche an ot h er ito ri e d o e th N y mp ho
N y mph od
doru s an olde grek e H i flo ri o graph er write ,
of on e S efo ltri s kinge of Egypte , wh i c h e fl orie b ec aufe
i t i s fo m e wh at longe , and ve ry lyke in al p o y n tes to th e
ot h er and alfo you do well yn o ugh e remembre i t, fey n ge
you read it l o late in S o p h o c l i s c o mm en
Co mm e n t
A W
E
taries , I wy ll nowe p afie ouer T h erefore
e y th e r A ri lto tl e an d Plato knowe not w h at was good
and e ny l l for l earn i n ge and ve rtue , and th e example
of wy i e h i lt o ri es be vai n l i e fet afore vs or els the min
i tre lfi e of lutes , pipes , h arpes , an d all oth er that ltan d e th
by fuc h e nice , ne , minikin ngering (fuch e as th e
m oo ite parte of fc h o l ers w h om I knowe vi e, if th ey vfe
any ) is farre more tte for th e wo m an n i lh n eli e of i t to
dwell in th e courte among ladies , than for any great
t h ing i n it , wh i c h e ih o ul d e h elpe good and fad itud i e ,
to abide in the vn i ue rfi ti e amo n ges fc h o l ers B ut per
h aps you knowe fome great g o o d n e f
fe of fu che m ufi c ke
and fuc h e i n itru men tes , wh e rvn to Plato and A ri lto tl e
h i s b rayn e c o uld e n euer attay n e, and th erfo re I will
faye n o more agayn lt i t
We ll Toxophile is i t not yn o ugh e for you to
49
rayle vp o n M uk e , excepte you mocke m e to but to
fay th e tru t h I neuer t h ought my fel fe t h e l e kindes of
m ufi c k e t for l eam i n ge, bu t that wh y c h e I fay d e was
rat h er to proue you , than to defende th e matter Bu t
yet as I wo ul d e h au e t h i s forte of m ufi c k e d ec ay e
am o n g e fc h o l e rs, eu en fo d o I wy fih e from th e
bottome of my h eart , t h at the laudable c ult o me of
E n g lan d e to teac h e c hy l dren their p lai n efo n g an d
h
t
e
r
i
h
kf
o
n
h
were
not
decaye
d
t
roug
ou
t
all
f
o
p
g,
real me as it is
Wh i c h e thing howe pro table i t was
for all fortes of men , t h o l e k n e we not l o wel than wh i c h e
h ad it mo lt , as t h ey d o n owe wh i c h e lacke it mo lte
And th e rfo re i t i s true t hat Teu cer l aye th i n S op h ocles
.

S eldo me at all g ood ( b i ng e: be kn owen how g oo d to be

B efo re a m arz/ i ee/ze ( b i ng e: do m g e ou t of / u: Il a/i des

That milke i s no tter n or m ore

S o p h oc
m A m

es
:

n atu r
al l

for

th e

opb
us a
i cr
m

42

of c h ildren than mu fi ke is bo th Gall e n

p ro u e th by auth o ri ti e an d day ly vi e teacheth by
experience For enen th e little babes lacking th e vfe
of reafo n are fc ari e l o well lti ll ed in fuc kyn g th ey r
moth ers pap as in h eary n g e th eyr moth er fy n g
Agay n e h o w t youth is m ade by learning to l i ng for
h
l
i
n c es
d
a
rammar
and
ot
er
bot
e
we
do
fee
h
f
c
e
y
y
g
an d Plutarch l eam e dly doth proue and Plato wi fe l i e did
alowe wh ich rec ey ue d n o fc h o ler i n to h i s fc h o l e th at
had n o t learned h i s fo uge before
T h e go dl i e vfe of p ray fmg God by fmgi n g e i n th e
ed
c h urc h e n e deth not my p rayi e feing i t i s l o p rayf
t h rough al th e fc ri p tu re th erfo re n owe I wil i peke
noth ing of i t rath er th an I lh ul d i peke to li tle of it
B efy d e al th e i c commodities tru ly ii degrees of
menn e w h ich haue th e h i gh elt of ces vn d er t h e king
in all th is real me lh al greatly lacke th e vi e of S i n gi n g e
preac h ers and lawi ers b y c aufe t h ey lh al not wi th out
e
t h is be able to rule t h eir bre ites for e u e ry p urp o f
For w h ere is n o d i fti n cti on in telling glad th i n ges and
fearfull th i n g es g en ti l n es an d c rue l n es fo ften e s and
veh e m e n tn e s and fuch e lyke matters t h ere can be no
great p erfwao n
For th e h earers as Tulli e fay eth b e much e affec
At h i s wordes be t h ey
ti o n ed as h e i s t h at f
p eak e th
drawen y f he {l ande fti ll i n on e fac i o n t h eir mi u des
ltan d e il i ll wit h hy m : I f he th un d re t h ey quake : If
h e c h y d e t h ey feare : I f he c o mp l ay n e t h ey i ory wit h
h ym : an d nally w h ere a matter i s fp o k e n with an
apte vo y c e for euery e ae ti on th e h earers for th e
m o lte parte are moued as th e fp eaker wo ul d e But
w h en a man is alwaye in o n e tune lyk e an H umble
bee or els nowe vp i n the top of th e c h urc h e nowe
down e th at n o manne knowe th w h ere to haue b y m
or piping lyke a reede or t oring lyke a bull as i o me
lawyers do wh i c h e th i n ke t h ey d o b eft w h en t h ey crye
l o wd elt th efe i b all n euer greatly moone as I h aue
kn o wen many wel learned haue done b i caufe th ey r
voy c e was n ot f
l ayed afore wi th l earn y n g to l ynge
b ri n ging

vp

'

El) : srbule at shunti ng

43

For all vo y c e s great and i mal l bafe an d lh ri l weke or

fo fte may be holpen and broug h t to a goo d poyn t by
l earn y n g to fyn g e
W h e th er t h is be true or not th ey tha t itan d m o o ite
i n nede can tell be lt whereof fome I haue kn o wen
wh i c h e b ec au fe th ey learned not to l i ng wh an they
were boyes were fayn e to take p eyn e i n it whan t h ey
were men I f any m an ih ulde h eare me Toxophile
that wo ul d e th i n ke I did but fondly to fup po fe t h at a
voice were fo n ec effari e to b e l oked V p o n I would
a lk e him i f he t h ought not nature a fo o l e for making
fuc h goodly i n lt ru me n tes in a man for wel vttri ng hi s
wo o rd es or els if th e ii noble o rators Dem o ith en es
and C icero were not fo o l es wh ero fthe one dy d not
o n e l i e l ea
rn e to l i ng of a man : But alfo was not
alh am ed to l earn e h owe h e ih o u l d e vt ter hi s fo u n d es
aptly of a dogge th e other fetteth oute n o p oyn te of
rh e to ri ke l o f
u l li e in all h i s b oo k e s as howe a man
ih o ul d e order h i s vo y c e for all kynde of matt ers
Th e rfo re fe i n ge men by fp eaki n g di f
fer an d be
better than b e altes by fpeak yn g wel better than ot h er
men an d that fi n gi n g i s an h elpe to ward e the fam e as
d ayl y experience dot h teac h e example of wyi e m en
doth alowe auth o ri ti e of learned men doth app ro u e
wh e rwi th the fo un d ac i o n of youth in all good common
weal th es al way es hath bene tempered
furel y e if I
were on e of th e parliamen t h o ufe I wo ul d e not fay l e
t o put vp a b i ll for the amendment of t h is thy n g e bu t
b e caufe I am lyke to be none this y eare I wil i p eak e
no more of i t at t h is time
I t were pitie truly P l zi l ol og e th at the th i n ge
ih o ul d e be n egl eted but I tru ft i t is not as you fay
abi Th e t hing i s to tru e for of them that come
d ay ly e to ye vn i u erti e where on e hath learned
to ti ng e vi hath n o t But n ow e to c ure lh o ti n ge
Toxop h ile agayn e wh e ri n I fupp o fe you can n ot l ay l o
muc h e for lh o tyn g to be tte for l e am i n ge as you hau e
fpo ken agay n lte M ufi c ke for th e fame
Th erfo re as concern ing M u fi k e I can be con ten t to
,

@Urpb tts Q

4t

graunt you your my n de : B ut as for lh o o ti n g furely I

fup po fe th at you can not p e ri wad e me by no mea n e s
th at a man can be earn eft i n it and earn eft at h i s
book e to : but rath er I thy n ke t h at a man wi th a bowe
on h i s backe and ih aftes vn der h y s g i rdell is more t
to way te vp o n Robin H o o d e than vp o n Apollo or th e
,

M u fes

O uer

em eit

lh o o ti n g i urel y I will not ouer

e rn e ltly e defende , for I euer th ough t lh o o ti n g ih o ul d e
be a way ter vp o n l ern i n g not a ma itres ouer learning
Yet t h is I m arue l l n ot a litle at , t h at ye th i n ke a man
with a bowe on h y s backe is more like Robin H o o d e
feruau n t, th an A p o l l o fe, feing t h at Apollo h i m felfe i n
A l c elt i s of E uripid es , wh i c h e trag i d i e you red open ly
not long ago , in a maner glorieth l ay i n g this verl e
.

I i i s my won t al wai es m y bo we wi th m e to beare

u ri

id

in

CC S t

Th erfo re a learned man ough t n ot to much to be

alh am ed to b e are that fome ty m e , wh i c h e Apollo god
of l ern i n g him fel i c was n ot alh am e d al ways to beare
An d b y c aufe ye wo ul d e h aue a man wayt vp o n th e
M ufe s, an d not at all medle with i h o ty n g I m aruell
t h at you do n ot remembre howe t h at th e ix mu l es
t h eir fe lfe as fone as t h ey were born e , wer put to nori e
to a lady called E up hemi s wh i c h e h ad a fon named
E ro tu s wit h wh o m e th e nine M ufes for hi s excellent
lh o o ti n g e , kep te euer more companie wi th all , and v i e d
d ay l y to lh o o te to g i th e r in ye mount P e rn afu s ; an d at
l alt i t c h aunced t h is E ro tus to dy e, w h o l e d eath th e
M u l es lam en ted grea tly, and fell all vp o n th eyr knees
afore I up i ter th ey r fath er, and at th ey r req
t,
uef
E ro tu s for lh o o ti n g with th e M u l es in earth was made
a fi gue , and called S agittarius in h eauen ; Th erfo re
you fe, th at if Apollo and th e M u fes eith er w e re
examples in dede , or o n el y e fayned of wife men to be
of l eam i n ge, h o n elt ih o ti n g maye well
e xamples
i
n
u
h
be
companion
wi
t
h
h
n
e
lt
it
u
o
o
d
e
g
y
5 12 Well Toxop h ile , i f you h aue n o ltro n ger
d efence of lh o ti n g e then Poetes , I feare y f your com
.

( the

s thole

of

s hunt i n g

45

panion s wh ic h loue ih o ti n ge h eard e you t h ey wolde

t h i n k e you made it but a tri y n g an d fabling matter
rather t h en any ot h er man t h at l o u e th not lh o ti n ge
c o n l d e be p eri uad e d by t h is re af
o n to loue i t
B uen as I am n ot l o fonde but I knowe that
the l e b e fables fo I am fure you be not l o i g n o raun t
b ut yo u kn owe w h at fuch e n oble wittes as th e Poetes
had men t by fuch matters : w h ic h o ften ty mes vn d er
th e c o u eri n g of a fable do h yde and wrap p e in go o d l i e
re c ep tes of p h i l o f
h
i
h
O
e
with
t
e tru e i u d g em e n t of
p
p
Wh i c h e to be true fp ec i al ly e in H omer and
th i n ge s
E uripides Plato A ri lto tl e an d Galen e p l ay n el y e do
fh e we : w h en t h rough all t h eir wo rkes (i n a maner)
t h ey determ ine al l c o n trouerfi es by t h e l e ii Poet e s
an d fuch e lyke au t h orities
Th erfo re if in thi s matter
I feme to fable and n o th yn ge proue I am content
you i u dg e fo on m e : fe i n g e th e fame i udg em en t fh all
c o n d e m n e with me Plato A ri lto tl e an d Galene w h om
i n th at erro u r I am wel conten t to fo l o we I f th ei e
oulde examples prou e n ot h ing for ih o ti n g what faye
you to th is ? t h at t h e belt learn ed an d fageit men i n t h is
R eal m e whic h be n owe alyn e both loue ih o ti n g and
h o p p e s that be :
vi e i h o ti n g as the be lt learne d b i i f
am o n g e s wh o m e P b i l o/og e you your fe l fe knowe iiii
or v whic h as i n all good learning vertu e and fage
n e li e t h ey gy ue oth er men example what t h ing t h ey
i h o ul d e do enen fo by t h eir i h o ti n g t h ey p l ayn e ly
lh e we w h at h o n elt pa ll ime ot h er men gi u e n to learning
may h o n e lt ly vfe T h at ern e lt itu d i e mu lt be recreate d
wit h h o n e lt pall im e fui c i en tly e I haue p ro ued afore
both by reafo n and au th o ri ti e of th e be lt learn ed men
that euer wrote Then feing p altym e s be l efull, the
A
m o o it tte ft for learning i s to b e fough t for
p alty m e faith A ri lto tl e mu lt be lyke a
Ari t p 1
medicine M edicin es ltan d e by contra
ries th erfo re th e n ature of ltudy i n g c o n fi d e re d the
In i tud i e euery
ttelt p alty m e lh al l oon e app eare
p arte of th e body i s y d le which thi n g c aufe th gro ll e
and c o l de humours , to gath er togy th er an d vexe
,

upb
us g
E ur

46

m y n d e is al togy th e r bent
and fet on wo rk e A p alty me t h en mu lt be h ad where
eu e ry parte of th e b o dy e mu lt be laboured to f
ep ara
te
an d le ffen fuch e humours with al : th e mind mu it be
vn b en t, to gat h er and fetc h e a
ui c k n eli e
gain e h i s q
wi th al l
T h u s p alty mes for the m yn d e o n el y e, be
not h ing t for itud en tes , b ycaufe th e body w h ich is
mo o it hurte by ltud i e, lh ul d e take away n o p ro fy te
t h ereat Th is kuewe E rafmus ve t ye well , w h en h e was
here in Camb ri g e : w h ich when h e h ad ben fo re at
hi s boke (as Garret our b o o k eb y n d er h ath ve t ye ofte
tolde me ) fo r lacke of better ex erc i fe, wolde take his
h o rfe, an d ryde about th e markette h ill, and come
agay n e
I f a fc h ol er ih o ul de vi e bowles or tennies ,
ua
l l , wh i c h e i s
th e 1abou re is to vehement and vn e q
c o n d em p n ed of Galene : th e example very ill for ot h er
m en , wh en by fo manye actes they be made vn l awful l
Runn ing, leaping , and c oy ti n g be to vile for fch o l ers,
and l o not t by Ari lto tle h i s i udg emen t : walking
alone into th e felde , hath n o token of
A WO L
po l
courage in i t, a p alty m e lyke a fi mple man
w h ich i s n e ither elh nor ffh e Th erfo re if a man
uall for eue r e
wo ul de h au e a p alty m e h o l efo m e an d eq
y
parte of th e b o dy e , pl eafaun t and full of courage
for th e myn de, n ot vile and vn h o n e il e to gyue i l l example
to laye men , n ot k ep te in gardy n es and corners, n ot
l u rky n g e on th e n ygh t and in h oles , bu t eu ermo re i n
th e face of men , eit h er to rebuke i t when it doeth i ll ,
or els to teltii y e on it w h en it doth w e ll let h i m feke
c h ef
ely of all o th er for lh o tyn g e
bilol S uch e commune p alty m es as men com
men ly e do vi e, I wy ll not g reatl y e al l owe to be t for
fc h ol ers : fei n g e th ey maye vi e fuch e exer
m
( f
upp o i e as Galene him
c if
e s ve t ye well ( I f
)
itf
d j
f
fel fe doth allo we
a b rupt} T h ol e ex erc i fe s I remembre very e well , for
I read t h em with in th ei e two dayes , of th e wh i c h e,
i o m e be th ei e : to runne vp an d do wn e an h y ll , to
c l y m e vp a longe p o wl e, or a rope , an d th ere h ange a
fc h o lers

very e

moche

th e

'

'

QLb e Krb ul e

of

s hunt i ng

47

while to holde a man by h is armes and waue with h i s

h eel e s m oc h e lyke th e p alty m e t h at boye s vi e in th e
c h urc h e w h en t h eir m ail e r is awaye to i wi n e an d tot
g
ter i n a b ee p e to make a ite and ftretc h e out bot h e
his a rmes an d i 0 ltan d e lyke a roode To go on a
man his tiptoes ftretc h i n g out th [
e one of his armes for
]
warde th e other b ac k eward e w h i ch if h e b l ered out
his tunge alfo my gh t be t h ough t to daun c e Anticke
very e p ro p erl y e
To tu mble ouer an d ouer to toppe
ouer tay l e : To fet backe to backe and fe who can h eaue
an other his h eles h igh eft with oth er moche like whi c h e
urel y e m u it e nedes be n atura
e x erc i f
es f
ll b y c aufe they
be fo c h i l di i lh e an d they may be alfo h o l efo m e for
the b ody : but furely as for p l eai ure to the min de or
h o n e lt i e in th e doinge of them t h ey b e as lyke lhot
inge as Yorke is foule S utton Th e rfo re to loke on al
a
lt
p
y m e s an d e x e rc i fe s h o li o m e for th e b o dy e plea
fau n t for th e m y n de c o ml y e for euery man to do
h o n elt for all ot h er to loke on pro table to b e fette
by of e uery e man wo rth i e to be rebuked of n o man t
for al ages perl on s an d places onely i h o ti n g fh al ap
peare wh e ri n all th e i e commodities maye be fo un d e
bi l To graun t l o xo ph i l e that ftud en te s may at
tymes c o n u en i en t vfe ih o ti n g as m o o it h o li o m e and
h o n elt p altym e yet to do as fome d o to lh ote h ourly
d ay l i e weke ly e an d in a man er the hole yere n eithe r
I can p ray i e n o r an y wyi e man wyl alowe n or you
your felfe can h o n eitly e defende
al umni) S urely P h ilologe I am very glad to i e
you come to th at poy u te t hat m o o it liet h in your
it o m ak e an d g reu e th you an d other fo moc h e
But I
tru lte after I haue fayd my m y n d e in t h i s matter you
fh al c o n feii e your fel i c t h at you do rebuke t h is t h ing
m ore th an ye n ede rath er t h en you fh al fyn d e t h at
any man may fp e n d e by anye p o li i b i l i ti e more tyme
i n lh o ti n ge th en h e ough t For rlt and fo rm o o it th e
h ole ty m e i s d euy d ed into ii partes the daye and
whereof th e nigh t maye b e both oc c upy ed
th e night
i n many h o n e lt b ufmeii e s and alfo fpen t in m oc h e vn
,

'

E uropb us g

48

bu t in no wife it can be apply e d to i h ot

ing And h ere you fe t h at h alfe oure ty m e g raun ted
to all ot h er th i n ges in a maner bot h good and ill is at
on e i wapp e quite taken awaye from i h o ti n g Now let
vs go forward and fe h o w moch e of h alfe th i s ty m e of
ours i s fp en t i n ih o ti n g Th e h ole yere is d eui ded into
iiii partes S pring ryme S omer faule of th e leafe
an d winter wh ero fthe w h ole winter for th e ro ugh n effe
of it i s cleane taken away from i h o ti n g except i t be
one day am o n ges xx or on e y eare am o n g e s xl
I n S omer for th e feruen t b eat e a man maye faye
likewy fe : except i t be fo m ty m e ag ayn lt nigh t
Now t h en fp ri n g ty m e and faule of th e leafe be
th o f
But if we con
e w h ic h we ab uf
e in i h o ti n g
fi der h o w mutable and c h au n g eab l e th e wether i s in
th o f
feai o n s and h owe t h at A ri lto tl e him felfe
e
fayth th at m o o it e parte of rayne faul eth in th ei e two
h all well p erc eyu e t h at w h ere a man
tym es : we f
wolde lh ote one daye h e fh all b e fayne to l eaue o f
iiii Now wh en ty me i t fel fe grau n te th vs but a litle
fpac e to l hote in lette vs fe if i h o ti n g be n ot h indered
am o n g e s all kyndes of men as moc h e o th e rway es
P iri t yong c h i ldren vi e n o t yong men for feare of
t h em w h om t h ey be vn der to moc h e dare n ot : fage
men for ot h er greater b ufmeffe s wy l l not : aged men
for lacke of ll ren g th e can not : R y c h e men for
n ef
fe fake care n ot : poore men for colt an d
c o u eto uf
c h arge may not ma lt ers for t h eir h o uih ol d e k ep i n g
h ede not : feruaun te s kept in by t h eir maill e t s ve ry
oft fh al l n ot c raftes men for getting of th eir ly u i n g
very e m och e l eyfure h aue not : and many t h ere be
t h at oft beginnes bu t for vn ap tn ee proues not and
mo o it o i al l wh i c h e wh en t h ey be fh o ters gy u e i t ouer and
l y ite not fo th at g en eral ly e men e u ery e w h ere for one
or oth er c o n fi d erati o n moch e ih o ti n g vi e n ot Th er
fore th ei e two th i n ges i tray ten effe of ryme an d e uery
man h i s trade of l i ui n g are th e c aui es th at l o l ewe m en
lh o te s
as you maye fe i n this greate towne where as
t h ere be a th o ui an de good men s bodies yet feari e x

fe ,
t h ri f
ti n ef

'

El b e s rb ul e at sh oo t i n g

49

yat vi eth an y great ih o ti n g And tho le wh o me you

fe lh ote th e m o o it wi th h o w many th i n ges are t h e [
y]
d rawen (or rather d ri ue n ) from ih o ti n g For rlt as
i t is many a yere or t h ey be gy a to be greate lh o te rs
o th e greate h eate of lh o ti n g e i s gone wit h in a
e uen f
yere or two : as you kn owe d i uerfe P h ilologe your
fe l fe w h ic h were fo me tym e the be lt lh o ters and n ow
t h ey be th e be lt it uden tes
I f a man faule fy c ke farewell ih o ti n g maye fortun e
as long as he ly ueth If h e h aue a wre n tc h e or haue
taken c o l d e i n hi s arm e h e may h ang vp h i s bowe ( I
warraun t you ) for one feafo n
A litle blayne a i mall
cu tte yea a l i e poore wo rme in his nger may kepe
him from ih o ti n g we l y n o ugh Breaking and ill luck
i n bo wes I wy l l p afie ouer wi th an h undred mo i ere
t h i n ges wh i c h e c h aun c eth eue ry e daye to them t h at
lh ote m o o it wh e ro fthe l eelt of th em may compel ] a
man to l e au e ih o ti n g A n d th e i e th i n ge s b e fo trewe
and eui d en t that it i s i mp o lli b l e ei th er for me c raftely e
to fayn e them or el s for yo u i uftly to deny th em
Than feing how many hund red th i n g es are required
al to gy th er to gi u c a man l eau e to l hote an d any on e
of t h e m denied a man can n ot ih o te : and feing e uery
one of them maye ch aunce an d cl oth ch aunce e uery
day I meruay l e any wyi e man wy l l thy n ke i t p o lli b le
that any greate ty m e can be fpe n t in ih o ti n g at all
9 bi I f t hi s be tr ue t h at you faye Tox o
:
J
]
n
phile an d in very ded e I can d e y e n o
th i n g e of it I m eruay l e greatly how i t c h aun c eth that
o m oche marked of m en
th o f
e wh i c h e vi e i h o ti n g b e f
and o ftty mes blam ed fo r it and yat i n a maner as moc h e
as th o l e w h ich p l ey e at cardes an d d i fe And I th al
te l l you what I h eard e fp o k en of the fame
ew
a d dy
m atter A man n o fh o ter ( no t l onge agoo )
wolde d efende playing at c ard e s an d d i fe i f i t were
h o n eltly vi ed to be as h oh e it a palti me as youre lh ot
i nge : For he layed for him that a man migh t p l ey e fo r
a litle at cardes an d dyfe an d alfo a man mig h t ih o t e
away all th at euer he had H e fayd a payre of carde s
.

es

,
.

se

us Q
opb
E ur

so

co lt n o t pait ii d and that they neded n ot fo moc he

repara tion as bowe an d lh aftes th ey wolde neuer hu rte
a man h i s h ande nor neuer weare h i s gere A man
ih u l d e neuer f
l ee a man with i h o ti n g wyde at th e car
des In wete and drye h ote and c o ul de t h ey wo u l d e
n euer fo rfak e a man h e fh ewed w h at gr e at vari eti e
t h ere i s in th em for eu ery e man s capac i ti e : if one gam e
were h arde h e my gh t eafely e l e arn e an ot h er : if a
man h aue a good gam e t h ere i s greate p l eai ure in i t
if h e h aue an ill game th e payne is ih o rte for h e
maye l oone gyn e it ouer an d h ope fo r a better : wi th
many ot h er mo real ons B ut at th e l alt h e conclude d
t h at betwix t p l ay i n g e and ih o ti n g well v i ed or ill vi ed
t h e re was no d i e ren c e but t h at t h ere was le ffe co lte
and trouble an d a greate deale more p leai ure in
playing t h en in lh o ty n ge
I can n ot deny b ut ih o ti n g (as all oth e r good
th i n g e s) may be ab uf
An d good th i n ges un go o d ly e
ed
v i ed are not good fay e th an h onorable b i t pp e i n
an e m elt er matter t h en this is : yet we mu lte beware
that we laye n o t menues faul te s vp o n th e t h ing whic h
is not wo rth i e for i o n othing ih ul d e be good An d
as for ih o ti n g it i s blamed and marked of men for t h at
t h ing (as I fay d e before) w h ich ih o ul de be rath er a
token of h o n eiti e to p rayi e it t h en any l i gne of
al o we it and t h at is b y cau fe i t i s i n
n o ugh ti n eli e to d i f
e ue ry e man h i s gh t it f
eketh n o corners it h y d eth i t
n ot if th ere be neuer l o litle faul t i n i t euery e man
l eet h it it acc ufeth i t fe l fe
For one h oure fp en te in
i h o ti n g is more fen e an d further talked of t h en xx
h ightes f
pe n t in dy fmg eu e n as a litle white i ton e is fe ne
am o n g es iii hundred black e
O f th o fe that blame
lh o ti n ge and lh o ters I wy l l faye n o more at thi s ty m e
but th is t h at b ed e t h at th ey lt o pp e and h in der i h o ti n g
w h ic h th e k i n g es grace wolde haue fo rward e t h ey be
no t moch e vn lyk e i n th is p oyn t to Wy ll S omer the
king h i s foo l e w h ich fmi teth him t h at ltan d eth alway es
before hi s face be h e neuer fo wo rlh i pful l a man and
neuer greatly lokes for h i m wh i c h e l urk es b eh i n d e an
ot h er man his backe t h at h urte h i m in dede
.

E l) : s tb ul r o fshunting

5;

But to him tha t compared g am n i n g with ih o ti n g

fo me wh at wy l l I an fwere and b y caufe he wen t afore
m e in a c o mp ari fo n : an d co mp ari fo n s fayth learned
men mak e playn e matters : I wy l fure ly fo lo we h i m
in th e fam e H o n e lt thy n ges (layeth Plato )
I ph d r
be k n o wen fro m vn h o n eit th i n g es by this
d i li ere n ce vn h o n elt i e hath e uer p refen t p l e ai ure in
i t h au i n g n ey th e r good pretence going before nor
yet any pro t folowing after ; which faying d ei c ry
beth g e n eral ly e both e the nature of lh o o ti n g and
h
i
h
i
c
an d which i s euy l veri c
w
a
m
n
n
e i s good
g
g
well
Gam n i n g e hath i o yn ed with i t a vayn e p refen te
l
w
h
l
lf
f
i
t
l
a
i
u re bu t t h ere f
o
o
e
o
e
of
n
ame
l
of
e
o
e
p
goodes and winning of an hun dred go wti e d ro p fy
( l if
e s as e ue ry man can tell
S h o ti n g is a p e y n fu l l
e af
pa ll i me wh ero f fo l o weth health of body q
ui kn es of
witte h ab i l i ti e to defende oure c o un try e as our ene
mies can beare recorde
Loth I am to com pare th ei e thi n ges togy th er and
yet I d o i t n ot b i c aufe t h ere is any c o m pari fo n at al
h al fe h o w good th e
b e twi x te them but th erb y a man f
one is h owe cui l th e other For I th i n k e ther i s feari e
fo muc h e c o n trari o ufn es b e twi xte hotte an d c o l d e
ve rtu e an d vice as is b e twi x te the l e ii th i n ges : For
what fo euer i s i n the one th e clean c o n trary e i s in
the othe r as fh all p lay n ly e appere if we c o n d e r
bothe t h ei r b e gi n n y n ge s th ey r e n c reafy n g es th ey r
fruc tes an d th e y r end e s whi c h e I wy l fo o n e ry dd e
oue n
( I Th e fy rite b ryn g eri n to th e wo rl d e of P la i
y mp
i h oo tyn ge was Apollo wh i c h e for h i s
wi fdo m e and great commodities broug h t amo n g e s
m e n by h i m was eltem ed wo rth i e to be coun ted
as a G od i n h eau en
Di fy n g fure ly i s a b aftard e
born e b e caufe i t i s lai d to haue ii fat h ers and yet
bo t h e n o ugh te : The on e wa s an vngrac i o us God
called T/zeut/z whic h for hi s n o ugh ti n es
p1

m
m
i
n
came neuer in other g o dd es c o mp a y es
an d th erfo re H omer doth d efp i fe on i e to name him
,

'

op btl us Q
Eur

$2

i n all his wo rkes The other fath er was

H m dm
Cli
a Lydian borne wh i c h e people for fuche
gamnes and oth er vn th ri fti n es as b o o wl y n g an d
h aun ty n g of tau ern es h aue bene euer had i n mo lt
vile repu tation in al l fto ry es and writers
Th e Folt erer vp of ih o ti n g is Labour ye companion
o fve rtue the may n tey n er of h o n eiti e th e en c reai er of
health and wel th i n elfe wh i ch e admy tteth n o thi n ge in a
maner in to h i s c o mp an y e that ltan deth n ot with
vertue an d h o n eiti e and t h erefore fay e th th e oulde
poete Ep i c h arm u s very p re tely e in Xenophon th at
God fe ll eth vert ue and al l oth er good
d dg t
x
fa t 5
th i n g es to men for labour
The N o urc e
o f dife and cardes
i s weri fo m Ydl e n eli e enemy of
vertue ye drowner of y o uth e th at tari e th i n it and
as C h aufer doth faye veri e well in th e Pa ri on s tale
the greene pat h waye to h el h aui n g e t h is t h ing appro
priat vn to it t h at where as other vices hau e i o me
cloke of h o n eiti e onely y dl e n e s can n ey th er do wel
nor yet th i n k e wel
A gay n e lh o o ti n g hath two
Tuto u rs to l o o k e vp on it out of who l e companie
lh o o ti n g neuer fti rreth th e o n e called Daye ligh t ye
ot h er O pen place wh y c h e ii keep e lh o o ti n g fro m eu y l
c o mp an y e and f
ue rs i t n ot to haue to muc h f
wi n g e b ut
e uerm o re k ee p es i t vn d er awe th at it darre do n o th y n g
i n th e open face of th e wo rl d e but th at w h ich is good
and h o n elt Lyke wy fe dy fmge an d c ardy n g e h aue
Tu to urs th e one named S o li tari o ufen es wh y c h e
l urk e th i n holes and corners th e oth er called Nigh t
an vngrati o ufe c o uer of n o ugh ty n eli e wh y c h e two
th y n g es be very I n k ep ers and rec ey uers of all noughty
n e li e and n o ug h ty e th i n ge s an d t h ereto t h ey be in a
maner o rdey n ed by Nature
For on th e n igh te ty me
an d in corners S pirites an d th eu es rattes and mi l e
to o d e s and oules n y g h tec ro wes an d p o u l c atte s foxes
an d fo u merdes with all oth er vermine and n oyfo m e
b ealte s vi e m o o ite fty rri n g e when in the daye ly gh t
and in open places wh i c h e b e o rdey n ed of God for
h o n elt e th y n g e s t h ey darre not ones come wh i c h e
th i n ge E uripides noted ve t ye well f
ay en ge
.

en

'

a
ny
I I ( b i nge: flze

g/1 !

ne

b ut: at shooti n g

53

g ood ( b i ng e: flee day e dol b b al m ! an d

I phi

in

Tau

Companion s of ih o ti n g, b e p ro ui d en s , g o od heed
gi ui n g, true meati n g e, h o n elt c o m p ari fo n , wh y c h e
t h i n ges agree with vertue very well
Card i n g e and
dyn g e, haue a forte of good fel o we s al i o , g o y n g e com
mo u ly i n th eyrc o mp an y e, as b ly n d e Fortune , ltumb l i n g
chaun cc , fp i ttl e l ucke , falfe d ealy n g , c rafty c o n uey aun ce,
al f
e f
o ri we ry n g e, wh i c h e good
b ray n l eli e b rawlyn g e, f
fe l o es wy ll fone take a man by th e ll ene , an d c aufe
him take his I nne , fome wy th b eggery e, fome wyth
goute and d ro p fte, i o m e with th efte and robbery , an d
fel do m e t h ey wy l l eau e a m an before he comme e y ther
to h an gy ng or els l omme other extreme m i fery To
make an end e , h owe ih o ti n g by al menu es lawe s hath
bene al o wed, cardy n g and dy fmg by al men u e s i udge
mentes condemned , I nede n ot lh e we the matter i s l o
.

playne

l h erfo re, wh an the Lydians ib all i n u en t b etterth i n ge s

than A pollo , when flo th e an d y dl en e s s h all en c reafe
vertue more than labour, whan the n ygh te and l urking
corners , g i ueth le ffe o c c afi o n to vn thri fti n effe, t h an
'

h al fh o ty n ge an d fuche
l ygh t daye and o p en n es, t h an f
i
n e , be i n l umme c o m p ari f
o n lyke
Yet
a
m
n
u
n as
e
e
g
g
I do n ot lh ewe all th e go o d n e s , wh i c h e is i n lh o ty n ge,
whan I proue i t ltan deth by the fame th i ng es t h at
vert ue i t fel fe ltan d eth by , as brought in by God , o r
Go d ly el yk e men , fo lt ered by labour, committ ed to the
f
aueg ard e of ly g h t and o p e n n e s, accompanied with pro
ni fi on and d i l i g en s, loued an d allo we d by e uery good
mannes fen ten ce E uen lyk ewy i e do I n ot Open h alfe
the n o ugh ti n es wh i c h e i s in cardy ng an d dili ng , w h an
I lh ewe howe they are borne of a d efperate mother,
n o ri lh ed in y d l e n es , e n c re i e d by licence of n yg h t and
corners, accompanie d wy th Fortune , c h aunce , d ec ey te,
and c rafti n e s : con demned and b an i lh ed , by all lawe s
and i udgem en tes
For if I wo ul d e enter, to de i c ry b e th e mo n itruo ufe
ne s of i t, I ih o ulde rather wander i n it , i t i s i o brode ,
.

opb i tus Q
E ur

54

than haue any ready e p affag e to the ende of th e matter :

wh o i e h o rri b l en es i s fo large , t h at i t p alfed th e elo
quen c e of oure En gl y lh e H omer to c o m p affe it : yet
b e c aufe I euer t h oug h t h y s fay i n g es to h au e as muc h e
auth o ri ti e as ey th er S op h ocles or E uripides i n Greke
th erf
o re gladly do I remembre th e l e veri e s of h y s
H afard r
mot/zer of l eyi ng er
y i s 72e
,

A n d ofd eeey te, an d eu rfed /w eri ng er,

B /af
p/zem ie of C/zri/l , man/l aug h ter, an d woe al/o,
Of eatel of ty me, of ot/i er thy ng e: m o
.

M ot/i er of le
tz
1[
g es) trul y e it maye well be called l o ,
i fa man c o n fy d re h owe manye way es and how many
th i n g es he l o f
for rlte h e l ofe th h i s
eth t h ereby
u c k n e s of w t
goodes he l o feth his ty me he l o fe th q
y
y
and all good l ult to oth er th i n g es h e l o fe th h o n elt
c o m p an y e h e l o f
e th his good name an d e iti mati o n
and at l ai te y f h e l eaue i t not l o feth God and
h eaue n and all and in fte de of th e l e th i n ges winne th
at lengt h ey th er h an gy n g or hell

l A n d of deeeyte) I trowe if I ih o ul d e not lye th ere

is n ot halfe fo m uc h e c rafte vi ed in n o one th i n g e i n
th e wo rld e a
What falfe dife
s i n this cu rl ed thy n g e
vi e they ? as dife lt o ppe d wit h q
ui c kf
i l u er and h eares
dife of a vaun tage attes gourdes to c h op and
chaunge w h an t h ey ly ite to lette th e trew dife fall
vn d er the table an d f
alfe and if t h ey
o take vp th e f
be t rue dife what lh y fte wil th ey make to fet ye one of
th em with y d i n g wit h coggi ng with fo y iti n g with
c o y ti n e as t h ey call i t
H owe wy l l th ey vfe thel e
g
lh i ftes whan t h ey get a playne man t h at can n o lk y l l
of t h e m ? H ow e will th ey go about y ft h ey p erc ey ue
a n h o n elt man h aue money w h ic h li ft not playe to
r
p o uo k e h i m to playe P T h ey wy l feke his company
t h ey wil let b y m paye nough t yea and as I h earde a
man ones faye that h e dy d they wil fen d for b y m to
fu m e h ou i e an d fpe n d p erc h au n c e a crown on h i m
a nd at laft wy l l one begin to faye w h a t my malters
w h at fh al l we do fh al l e uery e man playe h i s xii d
wh y l es an apple ro lt e in th e fy re an d t h an we wy ll
,

m) ! arbulz at shoot i n g

53

d rinke an d d eparte : Naye wy l an other faye as fal fe

a s he you can n o t l eaue w h an you b egy n and th e r
fore I wy ll n ot playe but ye t y f you wy l l gage t hat
h all fi t down e I
e u e ry man as he hat h l o lt his xii d f
am content, for furely I wo ul d e winn e n o mannes
mon ey here b ut cuen as much as wolde paye for mye
fu pp e r
T h an fp ek e th the th y rd e to th e h o n elt man
t h at thought not to playe what wy l le you playe your
xii pence if he ex c ui e b ym tu ib man wy ll th e ot h er
faye flicke n ot i n h o n elt company for xii d I wy ll
beare your halfe an d h ere i s my m oney
N o we al t h is i s to make him to beginn e for they
knowe if he be one s in , and b e a l oo l er yat he wy l
n ot iti ck e at his xii d but h opeth euer to gette i t
agay n e wh i l es perhaps he loo i e al l
Than eu e ry on e
of t h em l etteth his lh i ftes abroch e i o m e with falfe
d ife i o me wi th fetty n g e of dy fe fom e with h aui n ge
o u tel an d i lh e f
y l uer coyn es guy l d e d to put away at a
T h an i f th er come a thing i n
t y m e for g o o d gold
c o n tro uer
e mu lt e you b e i udg e d by t h e table and
than farewell th e h o n elt man hys parte , for he i s born e
downe on e uery e fy de
N owe fi r b e fy de all th ei e th i n g es t h ey haue c ertayn e
te rmes as a man wo ul d e faye appropriate to th ey r
playing : wh erb y t h ey wyl d rawe a mannes m oney
b ut paye none wh i c h e they cal ba rres t h at furely h e
that knoweth them n ot maye fo o n e be debarred of
Yf a
al l that euer h e hath afore he lerne t h em
playn e man lo i e as h e lh al l do euer or els i t is a
wonder than th e game i s fo d eui ly lh t h at h e ca n
n euer l eau e : For va n hope whic h h ope fayth E uri
y
(
pides d e itro y e th many a man and C i ti e)
I
pp l i
d ryu e th b y m on l o farre that he can n euer
retou rn e backe vn ty l he b e fo l y gh t t h at h e n ed e feare
n o th eue s by th e waye N owe if a mp l e man h appen
on i e in his ly fe to wi n of fuch e players t h an will t h ey
e y th e r e n treate h i m to kepe t h em company wh y l e s h e
hath l o lt all agayn e or el s they will vi e th e m o lte
d yu ellyi h e falh i o n of all For one of th e players th at
,

n su

upb il us Q
E ur

56

ltan de th h exte hi m, lh al l h aue a payre of falf

e dife ,
an d ca i t th em ou t vp o n th e bourde , the h on elt man
lh all take t h em and cait t h em , as he did the other , th e
th i rd e f
h all efpy e them to be falfe dife , and ib all crye
oute , h arde , with all the oth es vn d er God , that he h ath
fal fe ly e wonne th eyr mon ey e, and than t h ere is
n o thy n g e but h o ul de th
y thro te from my dagger, t h an
e u ery man layeth hande on the mpl e man , an d
taket h all th ey r mo n ey e from h i m , and h i s owh e also ,
thinking h i mfe lfe wel , t h at he fc ap e th with his l yfe
Cu r
Th efe h alfe
/ed o ery i ug , bl a/p lzemi e of
ve ri es C h aucer in an ot h er place , more at large doth
well fet out , an d ve t ye l i uel y exp reli e, fayi n ge
.

Ey by g odderp rec i ous lzert and lzi s u a

y l es
A ted by Me bl ood of C/zrz
e, that i s i n H al es ,

Seuen i s my ell au u ee, an d Mi n e i s u ke an d try /e,

Ey g oddes armes ,
tlwu fo l/1y p l ay e,
T/zi s dag er/Izal l t/i oroug /z th i n e l zerte g o
'

Tlzi s fru te eo mmetb oft/1e bee/zed boo m s twoo

F or
/wen ng e, I re, fo l/nes an d H omi c i de
'

b e very em eftl i e wry tte n , yet

they do not halfe fo g ri fely fette out the h ory b l en es of
b l aip h emy , w h ich fuc h e g am n ers vi e , as i t is in d ede ,
an d as I h aue h earde my felfe For n o man can wry te
a thing fo earn eitly e, as whan it is fp o k en wy th i elt ure ,
T h o ugh e th ei e

ve rl es

as learn ed men you knowe do faye

H owe wil l you
un
th i n k e t h at fuc h e furi o uf
en e s wy th woode c o u n ten a
ces an d brenning eyes w ith ltari n ge an d bragging
with h eart red i e to l eap e out of the belly for fwelling
can b e ex p re li ed ye tenth part to th e vttermo ft
Two men I herd my l el i e wh o i e fay i n g es be far m ore
g ri fely t h an C h aucers veri es O ne whan he h ad l o lt
his m o n ey e fware me God from top to to e wit h on e
breath that he had loft a1 his m o ney for lacke of
fweri n g e : Th e other l o fyn g his money and h eaping
othes upon o th es one i n a n o th ers necke m o o it
h orrible and not fp ekeab l e was rebuked of an h o n elt
man wh i c h e lto de by for l o d o y n ge h e by and by
ll ary n g e h i m in th e fac e and c l ap p y n g his ll e with all
.

E l)

: tu ule of

shunt i ng

57

hi s mo n ey e h e had vp o n the boorde fware m e by the

f
i e flh e of God th at y f fwery n g w0 ul d e helpe h i m but
one ace he wo ul d e not l e ue one pece of god vn fwo rn e
n e th er w thi n nor without
The rememb raun c e of
y
y
t h is b l afph e my Philologe doth mak e me quake at the
h eart an d t h erefore I wy l l fp eake n o m ore of i t
And fo to conclud e wy th fuche gamn yi n g I thyn k e
there i s n o vn grac i o ufen es i n al l t h ys wo rl de that
cari eth f
o far from god as thys faulte dot h
An d y f
there were anye fo d efp erate a p erfo n e t h at wo uld e
b egy n n e his hell here in earth I trowe h e ih o ul d e no t
fyn d e hell m ore lyke hell i t fel fe then the ly fe of th o l e
men i s which d ay ly haun t an d vi e fuc h e vn grac i o us games
19b You handle this gere i n dede : And I fupp o fe
if ye had b e n a prentice at fuch e games you c o uld e
no t h aue fayd more of them then you haue don e , and
by lyke you hau e had fo mwh at to do wit h them
max In dede, you may h o n eltly e gath er that I hate
them greatly i n t h at I fp eak e agayn lt t h em not that
I hau e vi ed them greatly e i n t h at I fp eak e of t h em
For thy n g es be kn o wen dyu e ri e way es as S ocrates (you
kno we) doeth proue in Alcibiades An d if e uery man
ih ul d e be that t h at he fp eake th or wry te th vp o n t h e n
ih ul d e H om er haue b en e the be lt c ap i tay n e mo o it
c o ward e
h ardy e ha il y , wy fe an d woode fage and
ftmpl e : A n d Terence an oulde man and a yong an
h o n e lt man an d a b awd e : with fuch e lyke
S urel y e
e ue ry e man ough t to praye to God day l y to k epe t h em
from fuc h e u n thri lty n eli e and fp ec i ally e all the youth
of En gl an de : for what youth doth b egyn n e a man
wyll fo l o we c o mm o n ly e eu en to his d yi n g e day e :
wh i c h e th i n g e A drai tus i n Euri pides p retely e doth ex
,

p relfe, fay i n ge

W/zat tlzi n g

a man i n ten der ag e b al b mo i n

ti re

Tlze rfo re i n ag e wb o g reatly l ong es g ood fru te to mow:

I n y ou t/z b e mi l/ 2 [
ri m E
/ lf? ap lye g ood feede to fawe

p i d es
m S UP

Fo r the

foundation of y outh well fette (as Plato dot h

E ut Upb us Q

58

'

faye )

th e whole b o dy e

of th e commune wealth fh al
o ry lh e th erafter If th e yonge tree gro we c ro ke d w h en
i t is oulde a man fh al rath er b reak e it t h an ftrey gh t it
And I thi n k e t h ere is n o on e thi ng e yat c ro k es youth
more t h en fuch e vn l eful l games N or let n o man
fay, if th ey be h o n elt ly v i ed t h ey do n o h arrn e For
h o w can t h at p alty me wh i c h e neit h er e x erc i fe th th e
b o dy e with any h o n e lt labour nor yet th e minde wi th
any h o n elt t h inking haue any h o n elt i e i o y n e d wit h i t
Nor let n o man a ll ure b ym fel fe t h at h e can vi e i t
h o n eltl y e : for if h e ltan d e t h erein h e may fortun e
h aue a faule th e thing is more i pp ery e t h en h e
knoweth o f A man maye ( I graun t) fy t on a brante
h y l l fy d e but i f h e gyne neuer l o lytle fo rward e h e
can not floppe th oug h h e wo ul d e neuer l o fayn e but
h e m u lt n edes runn e h eed l i n g h e knoweth n ot h o w
farre What h o n elt pretences vayne p l eai ure layet h
d ay l y (as it were e n ti fem en ts or b ayt e s to pull men
fo rward e wi th al l) Homer doeth well lh ewe by th e
A n d am o n g es all in t h at lh yp
S irenes and C irces
t h ere was but on e V ly ffes an d ye t h e b adde done to
as th e ot h er dy d y f a go dd eife h ad not taugh t h y m :
And l o ly k ewyfe I th i n k e t h ey be eafy e to numbre
wh i c h e p af
i e by playing h o n eltly e excepte th e grace
Th erfo re they t h at
of Go d faue an d kepe th em
wy l l n ot go to farre i n playing let them fo l o we t h is
c o un f
ell of the Poete
,

S topp e tlze begy

z es
unir
g

bil ola Well or yo u go any furt h er I pray you

,

tell me this one thing : Doo ye i pe ak e ag ay n ite meane

men n es p l ayi n g e o u l y e or agayn fte greate menu es
p lay i n g e to or put you anye di fference b e twi x te t h em
ompbi If I i ul d e e x c ui e my fel fe herein an d
faye t h at I i pake o f th e one an d not of th e ot h er I
feare l ealte I ih o uld e as fo n dl ye ex c ui e my felfe as a
c erta n e preach er d d wh o m e I h eard e v o n a t m e
y
y
y
p
fp e ak e ag ay n ite manye ab u fes ( as he fay d e) an d at
l alt h e i pake agayn lt c an del l es and then he feary n g e
,

Q5 1) : s

mt

oe

at s hunt i ng

59

l ealt i o m e me n wo ul d e haue bene an g ry e and

o ffended wit h h i m, naye l ayeth h e , you m uit take me
as I mean e I fp eake not ag ayn lt greate c an d el l e s, bu t
ag ayn lt lytle can d el s , for they be not all on e (quot h h e) I
p ro myfe you : And i o eue ry e man laugh ed h i m to fc o rn e
I n dede as for greate men , an d greate m en n es mat
ters, I ly it n ot greatly e to meddle Yet this I wo ul d e
wy fih e th at all great men in En gl an d e had red ouer dili
g e n tly e th e Pardoners tale i n C haucer, an d th ere th ey
ih o ul d e p e rc ey u e and fe, h owe m och e fuch e games
hy p pe, howe great fo euer they be
itan d wit h t h eyr wo rf
W h at great men do , b e i t goo d or yll, meane men com
m un ely e l oue to fo llo we, as many learned m en i n many
places d o faye , and day ly e experience dot h p l ay n ely e
lh ewe, i n c o lt ly e ap p arrel l and other lyke matters
T h erefore , feing that L ordes b e l an tem es to l ead e
t he lyl e of m eane men , by the i r example , eyt h er to
fe or b ad n eii e, to w h ether fo eu er t h ey l i ite an d
g o o d n ef
fe i n g e alfo t h ey haue l i b erti e to ly it e w h at t h ey wi ll, I
pray God they haue will to li ft that whi c h is good , an d
as for th eir play in g , I wy ll make an ende wi th th is fayi ng
of C haucer
.

L ord es n lzt n de tb em ot/ter maner o/p l ey e

H on est y u oug /z to d ri ue tb e day e awa
ye
.

But to be i h o rte th e be lt m edicin e for all fortes of

men both high an d lowe, yonge an d oulde to pu t
awaye fuche vn l awfull games i s by th e c o n trary e lyke
S o let
wy fe as al l p h yi i c i o n s d o alowe i n p hy fi k e
u ll gam es whi c h e l tan d e
in
of
fuche
v
n l ef
h
e
a
e
u
t
e
lt
d
o
y
by y dl en eii e by fo l i tari n elfe an d corn ers by nigh t
an d d arken eli e by fortun e an d chaunce by c rafte an d
i ub ti l ti e vi e fuche p aiti m es as itan d by labour vp o n
the daye ligh t in open fygh t of men hauy n ge fuche an
ende as is come to by conning rath er t h en by c rafte
and l o ih ul d e vert ue en creafe and vice d ecay e For
c o n tra
ry e p aiti me s mu lt nedes wo rk e con trary mi u des
in men as all other con trary th i n g es d oo
And thus we fe Philologe that ih o ti n g is not onely
,

E ut upb i tua Q

60

the moo it h ol efo me ex erc i fe for th e b o dy e the mo o it

h o ne lt p alti m e for the myn d e and that for all fortes
of men : But alfo i t is a m o oit redy medicin e to
p urge the hole real me of fuch e p eiti l en t gam ming w h e t
with many tymes : i t is fore troubled an d ill at eafe
bi Th e more h o n e lti e you h aue p ro ued by lh ot
ing b op /zi le and the more you haue p e rfwad ed me
to loue it i o mo c he trul y e the forer h aue you made
m e with t h is la it fe n ten ce of yours wh erb y you plainly
proue th at a man maye not greatly vi e i t For if
ih o ti n g be a medicine (as you faye t h at it is ) it maye
not be vi ed very oft l eft a man lh ul d hurt h i m fe lfe
with all as medicines moch e o c c upy ed doo For Aris
to tl e h i m f
elf
e l ayet h that medicines be no meate to
l y u e wi th al l : and t h us ih o ti n g by the fame reafo n
maye not be moch e o c c up y ed
311301 You playe your oulde wo n tes P h ilologe i n
d aly i n g with oth er mens wittes not fo moch e to
proue youre o wn e matter as to proue what oth er men
can l ay But w h ere you th i n ke that I take awaye
moc h e vi e of ih o ti n g in ly k en i n g i t to a medicine : b y
c auf
e men vf
e not medicines e uery daye for f
o ih o ul d e
t h eir b o dy e s be h urt : I rath er proue d ay l y e vi e of
i h o t i n g th erb y
For although A ri lto tl e fay e th t h at
fome medicines b e no meate to ly ue wi thall wh i ch e i s
true : Yet Hippocrates fayth t h at our
H i pp d
m d P g
d ay ly e meates be medi cines to wi th itan de
e uy l l wi th a
l l wh i c h e i s as true
For h e maketh two
kyndes of medicines one our meate that we vi e dai ly e
wh i c h e purget h fo ftly e an d ll o wly e an d in t h is fi m
i li tud e maye ih o ti n g be called a medicine wherewit h
d ay ly a man maye purge an d take away al vn l e ful l
d e fyres to oth er vn l eful l p altym e s as I p ro u ed before
Th e ot h er i s a quiek e purging medi c i ne and fel d o m er
to b e o c c upyed excepte th e matter be greater an d I
c o ul d e d ei c ri b e th e nature of a q
u i c ke medicine
which i h o uld e wit h in a wh y l e purg e an d pl uc ke oute
all the vn th ri fti e games in the R eal me t h rough w h ich
the commune wealth o ften ty mes is l ycke For n ot
,

o,

ur

Eli hu S rb ul e

of

s hoot i ng

61

on ely good quiek e wittes to l earn y n g be t h ereby

brough t out of frame an d quite marred : B ut alfo
manly wi ttes eith er to attempt matters of h igh courage
i n warre ty me or els to atc h eu e matters of we yg h t
an d wi fdo m e in peace ty me b e made th erb y very
quae and fay n t For loke thro ugh o u te all h i lto ri e s
written in Greke Laty n e or oth er langu age an d you
f
h al n euer n d e that re al m e p ro fp er i n th e whi c h e
fuche y d le p alty mes are vi ed
As concern ing th e
m ed i c y n e alth ough fome wolde b e m i fc o n ten t if they
h eard e m e m eddl e anye thy n g e with i t : Ye t b etwi x te
you and m e here alone I maye the b o ld ly er faye my
fan tae an d th e rather b y c aufe I wy ll o n ely e wy lh for
i t whi c h e ltan deth with h o n eiti e n ot d etermy n e of i t
w h ich belongeth to auth o ri ti e The medicin e i s thi s
that wolde to God and the ky n ge all t h e l e vn th ri fti e
y d l e p altym es wh i c h e b e very b ugge s that the P fal me
meaneth on walking on the n ygh t an d i n
al m 9
P
co m e rs were made fel o n y e an d fome of
t h at p un y lh men t o rd ey n ed for them which i s ap
poyn ted for th e forgers an d fal fi fy ers of th e kyn g es
coyn e Which p un i th m en t is not by m e D m m
n ow i n uen ted but longe agoo by th e M L PtiM m
m o o ite n oble o rato ur Demo lth en es : which m eru
ay l eth greatly that d eath e i s app o y n ted for fall i
fy e rs an d forgers of th e coyn e an d not as greate
t
h
r
lh
m
r
n e d for t h em
h
h
e
e
by
u
n
e
n
t
e
d
e
w
i
c
o
y
y
p y
meane s forges an d fal fy e s th e commune wealth e
And I fuppo i e that t h ere i s n o one thyng that
c h aun g e th foon er th e golden an d f
y l u erwy ttes of men
into c o pp ery e an d b rali y e way es th en di li ng an d fuche
,

0.

os

on

p alty m es
And t h i s qui e ke medicin e I b el e ue wolde fo th ro wly e
p o urg e t h em , t h at th e d ay ly e m edicines , as ih o ti n g an d
oth er p altym e s i o yn ed wi th h o n elt lab our i h o ul d e
e af
e ly e r wi th itan d e them
e in
i
l
h
t
n
d
t
o
mm
The
excellen
t
o
o
es
o
f
c
il
y
g
y
b
peace ty me, Toxophile , you haue very wel and l u lli
Wherb y you haue l o p eri uaded me ,
c i en tly declared
vn l e f
ul l

l us Q
El atuy li f

62

th

at God wy lly n g hereafter I wy ll both loue it the better

and alfo vfe it th e ofter For as moch e as I can gather
of all t h is communi cation of ours th e tunge th e n o fe
th e h an d es an d th e l eete b e no f
membres
or
t
e
r
t
y
i n i tru m en tes for the body of a man , t h en i s f
h o ti n g e
for th e h ole b o dy e of th e real me God h at h made
t h e partes of men w h ich be be lt an d m o o it n ec c eif
ary e
to fe m e not for on e p urp o fe o n e ly e but for manye :
as th e tunge for fp eaki n g an d ta il ing th e n o fe for
fmell i n g an d alfo for auo y d i n g of all e xc rem en tes
w h ic h faule oute of th e heed th e bandes for rec eyuyn ge
of good th i n g es and for p utty n g of all h arm e full
th i n g es from th e b o dy e
S o fho ti n g e i s an e x ercyi e of
h eal th e a p alty me of h o h e it p l eai ure an d fuc h e on e
alfo th at fto pp eth or auo y de th all n o yfo me games
gat h ered and e n c reai ed by ill rule as n o ugh ty e h umours
be wh i c h e h urte and c o rrupte fore th at parte of th e
real m e wh eri n t h ey do rema
yn e
B ut n o w i f you can lh ewe but halfe fo moch e p ro
fy te in warre of lh o ty n ge as you h au e p ro u ed p l e ai ure
i n peace then wy ll I furel y e i udg e t h at t h ere be l ewe
th i n g es t h at h aue f
o man i f
o l d e commodities and vi es
i o y n e d vn to t h em as it h at h
E at Th e vpp erhan d e i n warre n exte th e
G
n ef
f
o
o
d
e of God ( of wh o me a
1 vi t ori e
g
m
ach
3
c o m m eth
as fc ri p ture fayt h ) ltan d e th
c h ef
ely in t h re th i n ge s
in th e wy fedo me of the Prince
in th e ey gh tes an d pollicie s of th e cap i tay n es an d i n
th e f
tren gt h an d c h erefutl fo rward n eil e of th e fo ul dy ers
A Prin ce in h i s herte mu lt be full of mercy and peace
a vertue mo o it pl eafaun t to Ch ri ft mo o it ag reab l e to
man s nature mo o it p ro fy tab l e for ry c h e and poore
For t h an th e rich e man en i oy eth with great p l eai ure
t h at w h ich h e b ath : th e p oore may o b tay n e with h i s
labour t h at w h ich he lacketh And alth ough t h ere
i s noth ing wo rfe then war wh ero f i t taketh h i s
name t h rough th e wh ich great men h e i n d aun g e r
mean e men with out i ucc o ure t ych e men in feare
b y c aui e they h au e fo mwh at : poore men i n care
,

"

a
n) : s enate

at s hunt i n g

63

b ycaui e

th ey haue nothing : And l o e uery man i n

t h ought an d mi feri e : Yet i t i s a c i ui ll medicine w h ere
wi t h a prince maye from th e b o dy e of h i s commun e
weal th pu t of that d aun g er wh i c h e maye faule : or
elles rec o uer ag ay n e wh atfo euer i t hat h l o lt And
oc rates doth faye
a prince
th e rf
o re as I f
Ad N i
mu lt be a warri o ur i n two th i n ge s i n con
ninge an d knowledge of all ll eygh tes and feates of
wan e an d in h aui n g al n ec eli ary e h ab i li men tes b e
Wh i ch e matter to en treate at
l o n gy n g to th e fame
large were o uerl o n g e at thi s ty me to declare an d ouer
m oc h e for my learning to p erfo urm e
After the wi fdo me of th e prince , are val i aun t capi
fary i n warre wh o i e o f
ce an d
tay n es m oo it n ec e f
d uty e i s to knowe al l ll eigh tes and pollicie s for all
kyndes of warre w h ich t h ey maye l earn e ii way es
eit h er in day ly e folowing and haunting the wart es or
els b i c aufe wi fd o me bought wi th i try pe s i s man y
tymes o ue rc o ltly e th ey maye b e ito we fo m e tym e i n
V eg eti us w h ic h entreateth fuc h e matte rs in Lati n
m ete ly e well or rat h er in P o ly en u s an d Le o th e
E m p ero ur w h ich fetteth ou t 3 1 pollicies and duties
of c api tayn es in th e Greke tunge very exc ellen tl y e
But c h e fe ly e I wolde wi flh e ( and if I were of au th o
ri ti e) I wold e c o un i el al th e yong gen tlemen of t hi s
real me n euer to lay ou t of th e yr b andes ii au th ors
X enoph on in Greke and C aefar i n Laty n , where i n
t h ey ih ul de fo l o we noble Scipi o Africanu s
Dc S
as Tu ll i e doeth faye : In wh i c h e ii autho urs
fary of all other
b ei y d es eloquence a th i n ge m o lte n ec ef
for a captayn e they ih ul de l earn e the h ole couri e
of warre wh i c h e th o fe ii n oble menn e d y d not more
wy i e ly e wryt e for oth er men to l earn e than t h ey dy d
manfully ex erc i fe in th e fy e l d e for ot h er men to fo l lo we
T h e ltre n g th e of war ly e th in the fo ul d i e r wh o i e
t
o ward e h i s
an
d
ve
rtue
i
s
obedience
c hy e f
i
e p ra
e
y
cap tay n e
fayth Plato And Xenop h on
Ob d i w
being agen ty l e auth o ur mo lte c h ri iti an ly e p 1 k g
Ag f
X
d oeth faye e ue n by t h e l e woo rd es t h at
,

co

en .

c,

en

us Q
upb
E ur

64

t h at fo ul dy er w h ich rfte feru eth god and t h an obeyeth

h y s c aptayn e may b o l d el i e wit h all courage h ope to
o uerth ro we h i s enemy
A gay n e without obedience
neither valiant man lto ut h o rfe n o rgoodly
X
H i ppar
h arnes doth any good at al wh ich obedi
ence of ye fo ul di er toward hi s cap tan e brought th e
whole empyre of ye wo rl de into th e Roman e s b andes
an d w h an it was brought kep te it lenger th an euer it
was kept in any common wel th before or after
And this to be true, S cipio Africanus the mo lte
noble c ap tay n e t h at euer was amo n ge th e
Pl tar h
R o may n es fh e wed very pl ay n l y w h at tym e
as h e went into A fryk e to d eltro y e C artage For he
ref
ti n g e hys h o o f
te by th e waye in S icilie a daye or twoo
an d at a ty m e fla u ding with a great man of S icilie an d
looking on hi s fo ul d i ers how th ey e xerc i fe d th emi el ues
i n k epyn g of a t aye and other feates the gentleman
of S icilie alk ed S cipio wh eri n lay hys c h y efe h Op e to
wered in yonder fel oes of
o u e rc o m e C artage : H e an f
myne whom you fe play : And why fayth th e oth er
b y c aui e fay eth S cipi o t h at if I c o mmaun d ed t h em to
runn e i n to the toppe of t h i s high c aitel and ca it
th em i el ues doun e b ac k eward vp o n th ei e rockes I am
fure they wo uld e do it
S al l ult alfo do th write yat there were mo Romane s
pu t to death of th ey r captay n es for
S al
Cat
fetting on th ey r en emy es before they had
licence t h an were for running away ou t of the fy el de
before they had foughten The l e two examples do
proue that amo n ges the R o may n es the obedience of
ul l great an d th e i eu eri ti e of
th e f
o ul dy er was wo n d erf
ull ltra
th e C ap tay n es to f
e th e fame kep te wo n d erf
y te
For they wel p erc ey ued that an ho fte full of obe
dy en c e falleth as fel do m e into the b an des of th e yr
enemies as that b o dye fawl eth i nto Jeo p erdy e th e
wh i c h e is rule d by reafo n
R eafo n and Rulers b ey n g e
lyke in o yc e ( for the one ruleth the body of man th e
oth er ruleth the b o dy e of the common weal th e) ought
to be lyke of c on di c i o n s and o ughte to be obeyed in
,

en .

us .

a
l l) : s thole of s hunt i n g
al l man er of matters O bedience i s

65

by
and
with

n o ury f
lh ed

feare and loue Feare i s kept in by tru e i ulli c e

u i ti e
eq
Loue i s gotten by wi fdo m e i oyn ed
l i b eral i ti e : For where a fo u ldy e r l eeth ry gh teo ufe
n e li e fo rule that a man can meythe t do wro n ge nor
yet take wro n g e an d t h at hi s c ap i tay n e for h i s wyi e
dome can m ay n tay n e hy m an d for hi s l i b eral i ti e will
mai n tayn e h i m he mu lt n edes bot h l ou e h i m an d feare
h i m of the wh i c h e p roc e d e th true an d vn fay n ed obe
d i en c e After t h i s i n ward e vertue the h exte g o od poy n t
i n a fo ul d i er i s to h aue and to h andle h i s weapon
wel whereof th e on e mu tt b e at th e appo y n tmen t of
the cap tay n e th e oth er l y e th in the courage and e x er
cife of th e fo ul di er : yet of al weapons the be lt i s as
E uripides doth fay wh e rwi th wit h l ee lt
I H r ia
d aun ger of our felfwe maye hu rt our ene
mye m o o it And t h at is (as I s upp o fe) arti l lari e
A rti l lan e n ow a dayes i s tak en for ii th i n ges : Gunnes
an d Bowe s which h o w moch t h ey do i n war both
day ly experience d oe th teache an d alfo Peter N an n i u s
3
a learn ed man of Lo uay n i n a c ertayn e dialoge doth
very we l l fet out wherein this i s m o lt n otable t h at
w h en h e h ath th ewed e x c edy n g commodities of both
an d i o me d i fc o m m od i ti es of gunnes as in nite coft
and charg e c o mb erfo m e carriage : an d y f t h ey b e
greate th e vn certay n e l euelyn g th e p ery l l of them
t h at fl an d by th em the efy er au oy dyn g by t h em t h at
lt an d e far of an d y ft h ey be lytle th e leli e b ot h feare
and i eo p erdy i s i n th em b efy d e all contrary weth er
an d wy n de wh i ch e h yn dere th t h em not a lytle : yet of
all ih o tyn g h e cannot reh eri e on e di fc o mm o d i ti e
19mT hat I m eruay l e greatly at feing N an n i us i s fo
well l earn ed an d i o e x erc i fe d in the auth o urs of both th e
t un g e s : for I my l el i e d o rememb re th at lh o tyi n g in
war i s bu t fmally p rayfed an d t h at of diners c ap tayn e s
i n dy uers aut h ors For rlt in E uripides ( wh om you
l o hig h ly p rai l e ) an d very well for Tul l i e th y n k e th
e u ery e verl e i n him to b e an au th o ri ti e what I praye
you doth L ycus that ou ercame Thebes fay as con
,

e c.

'

C uri tpb il us Q

66

c em y n g

bre be
,

ih o ti n g ? w h o l e words as
th ei e , or n ot muc h e vn l y k e

l Vb at p ray/e b at/z b e at

farre as I remem
.

l , wb i eb e n e uer d i et/l abi de,

Tb e di n t of af
p eares p oy n t tb r u/l ag ai n/l b i s de
JVo r n euer bou ldli e b ueb el er b are y et i n b i s l e/te b an de
el i e to wy tb/l an de,
F ace to faee b i s en emi es b ron t

B u t al w ay e tru/l etb to a bowe an d to afetb ered i eb e

d

B u fi p i n
i
z
l
e
r
i
m
w
b
b
t
e
i
s
u
e
b
b
mq
t
i
e
o
l
o
,
/ f
q
f
H e rc {u re m

e i s A rmou re m et
r a eowarae
o
R o we an d jb a
f

g
Wb i eb dare n ot on es abi de tb e b ro n te of battel zarp e an d b arde
B u t b e a man ofm an /rode m eyt i s by mi n e a
n t
Wb i eb wi tb b arte an d corag e bou l de, fu ll i e b atb b i m ben t,
outel i e to a bi de,
H i s en emi es l oob e i n euery ou re
F ace to face, an d fate to fote, ti de w b at may be ti d e

H arri es

e uer

'

'

Teucer th e be lt Arc h er am o n ges all the

G recians in S op h ocles is called of M ene
9
Iau s a b o we man and a f
h o o te r as in
85
3n
vi l lay n i e and reproc h e to be a t h ing of n o
price in warre M o reo uer Pandaru s th e be lt fh o o ter in
t h e wo rl d e wh o m e Apollo h m f
elf
e taug h t to lh o o te
y
bot h e h e and h i s fh o tyn g e i s quy te co ri
I
l
iad 5
te mn ed i n H omer i n l o muc h t h at H om e r
(w h ic h vn d er a made fa b le dot h al way es h yde hys
i udg e m e n t of th i n g es) doe th mak e Pandarus h i m fel fe
cry e out of lh o o ti n g and ca it h i s bowe awaye and
take h i m to a fp eare maky n g e a y owe t h at if e uer h e
cam e h ome h e wo ul d e b reake h i s lh afte s an d burne
h i s bowe l am en tyn g greatly t h at h e was i o fon de to
l e au e at h ome h i s h o rfe and c h ary o t wy th o th e r
weapons for th e tru it yat he had in h i s bowe H ome r
fi g n i e n g t h ereby t h at men ih o ul d e l e ue i h o ti n g out
of wa rre and take t h em to ot h er we p o n s more tte
an d able for th e fame and I trowe Pandarus woo rd es
be muche w h at after t h ys forte
Agay n e
,

I l l eb au n ee i l l l uebe m e by tb er b roug b te
I l l fo rtu n e me tb at day e b efel l ,
W an rmy bowefro tb e py n n e I roug b te
F o r H eel ors

/ab e

tb e

Grebe: to g n el l

Cl) : s tb ule

of

s hunti ng

67

B u t yf tb at God /o for me
zap
Tb at b ome ag ay n e I m ay e on es come,

Let me

n eu er

in iq
y e tb al b ap ,

N or euer t q
v
/e l oobe on tb e/b n n e,
If bowe an d
[d o n ot bu
b y eb e n owe/o eu el dotb /erue my ( l ern e
r

But to let p afie al Poetes w h at can be forer faid

ag ay n lt any t h ing t h an th e i udg em e n t of
C yrus is agayn lt lh o ty n g e whi c h e doth
f
"
c auf
h o o ters
e h i s Peril aus b e yn g th e be lt f
to laye awaye th eyr bowes and take t h em to fweard es
an d b uc k el ers fp eares and d artes an d ot h er lyke
hande weapons Th e w h ic h t hing Xenophon fo wyi e
a p h i lo fo ph er fo expert e a c ap tay n e in warre hy m
fe lfe wo uld e neuer h au e wri tten an d fp ec i al ly in t h at
booke w h erein he p urp o fe d to lh ewe as Tul l i e fay e th in
dede n ot th e true h i lto ri e but th e example
3
of a p e rte wife prince an d common wel th e
excepte t h at i udge men t of c h aun gyn g
A rtilleri e i n to other wep o n s he had al way es thought
Wh o fe
b elt to be fo l o we d i n all warre
c o u n i e l l th e Parthian s d y d f
o l o we whan
t h ey c h afed An toni e o u erth e m o un tai n e s of
M edia whi c h e being the b elt lh o ters of th e wo rl d e lefte
th ey r bowes and toke them to fpeares and m o ri f
pi k es
And th ei e fewe example s I trowe of th e be lt fh o o te rs
do well prou e t h at th e be lt fh o ti n ge is n ot th e b elt
th i n ge as you call i t in warre
altos As c o n c e m y n ge your l i t it e xample taken
o ute of E uripid es I maruay l e you wy l bri ng it for ye
d i fp rayi e of ih o ty n g fe yn g E uripides do th make
t h o l e veri e s n ot b i cau fe h e thinket h t h em true
bu t b i caufe h e thinketh them t for th e peri on
t h at i pake t h em For i n dede hi s true i udg e
men t of ih o ti n g he doth exp reli e by and by after
i n th e o ration of the n oble c ap tai n e A mph y tri o
agay n ite Lycus wherei n a man maye d o u b te w h e th er
ay e n ge or
h e h at h m ore e l o q
u e n tly e confu te d L ycus f
more wo rth ely e fette oute th e p rayi e of i ho o ty n g e
,

6"

E uropbil us Q

68

An d as I am adui l ed
as I i b all faye

h i s woo rd es

be much e hereafter

Ag ai n/l tb e wi tti e g i/te ofj b oti ng e i n a b o we

E u ri p i n
"
F o n d e an d l en d woordes i b ou l eu d l i e d oe] ! ou t tb rowe,
Wb i eb e, iftb ou w i l ts b eare of m e a woorde o r t way n e
Qu i eb l i e tb ou mayl e arn e b owefon dl i e tb ou d oe/l bl ame,
d ot/z wal abou t,
Fi r
/2e b e tb al w i tb b is b arn ei s b i m p
.

Tb atfram e i s l ee o n e b ol e tb roug b u b i eb b e may p ep e out,

S u e/z bon d men to tb ei r b arn ei s to
g b t are n otb i ng e mete
B u t /on e
/i (y al ol b er are troden vn derfete
Yf b e berong e, b i s l m es fay n t, i n mb ome b e puttetb bi s
S o l oded w i tb b i s b arn ei s m u] ? n edes l i e i n i b e d ZI/l ,

my]

on es b i s wea on brebe,
N o r y et from deatb b e ean n ot arte,
p
H owe ou te, b owe rong , b owe g reat, b o we l ong e,

an d ron g e
B u t wb o / b eu er can b an d/e a b owe/l u rd i e
za es b ef
b oo tes i n to tb e tb i eb cyttb rong e :
I Vb ezw i t/z ly b e b ay l eman i e
te b e tab es , tb at
an d i ng afar b i s en em i e b e may e /pi l l
7 b i s p ro
l Vb an b e an d b i s fu l l fafe_/b all an de ou t of al l dau ng er an d i ll

'

A n d tbi s i n War i s wifedome m o/l e, wb i eb morb es ou r ene m i es woo

l Vb an t oe/b al befarfrom all feare an d i eop erdi e of ou rfoo

enen as I d o n o t greatl y e r
egard e what
M en elau s doth fay i n S ophocles to Teucer b y c aufe
h e i pak e i t b oth e i n anger and alfo to b y m t h at h e
h ated e uen l o doo I remembre very well i n H omer
t h at w h en H e ct or an d th e Tro i an s wo ul d e h aue fet
i yre on th e greke fhi pp es Teucer with h i s bowe made
t h em recule backe ag ay n e when M enelaus
mu , 3
tooke b ym to h i s fee te an d ranne awaye
Th i rd ly e as con cern ing Pandarus H omer doth not
d i fp ray i e th e noble gy fte of lh o ty n ge but th erb y e uery
man i s taugh t th at wh atfo euer and h o w good fo eu er a
weapon a man dot h vi e in war y fh e be h y m
H r I ll 5
felfe a c o u eto ufe wretc h e, a fo o l e wy th o ute
a peacebreaker as Pandaru s was at la it h e
c o u n i ell
lh al l th ro ug h e th e p un i lh m en t of God fall into h i s
e n emy es h an d e s as Pandaru s d y dd e wh o m e D iomedes
th ro ugh e th e h elpe of M i n e ru a m i ferab l y e ue
And b y caufe you make men c i o n of H omer an d
S econdarily

o n

6 b : srb ulz at

shooti ng

69

Troye m atters what can be m ore p rayi e for anye

th y n g e I praye you t h an that i s for i ho o tyn g th at
Troye c o u l d e n euer be d eftroy ed withou t th e helpe
of H ercules lh aftes wh i c h e thi n ge doet h l i g n i e
that although al the wo rl d e were gathered i n an
army togyt h er yet wi thout lh o ti n ge t h ey can n euer
come to th eyr p urp o fe as V ly fies i n S ophocles very
p l ai n ly e doth faye vu to Pyrrhus as c o n c ern y n g H er
c ules lh aftes to b e ca ried vu to Troye
,

N ory ou wi tb ou t tb em,

n or wi tb ou t y ou

tbey

do

oug b t,

S op h p hi
.

Fo urthly e where as C yrus dy d chaunge

I ns t i t 6
parte of his b o we men , wh ero fhe had p l en
tie , into other menne of warre, wh ero f h e lacked , I
will n ot greatly e d i fp ute wheth er C yru s did wel l i n
t h at poyn t i n t h o l e daye s o r n o , b y caui e i t i s n o t
playne i n Xenophon howe ftro n g fh o o ters the Peril a u s
were , w h at bowes they h ad , w h at lh aftes and h ead es
they o c c up y ed , what kynde of warre th eyr enemies vi ed
B ut truly e as for th e Part h ians , i t is playne , i n
P l utarc h e , t h at i n c h aun gy n g th eyr bowe s
p m in M
A m
in to fp eares, t h ey brought th ey r fel fe
i nto vtter de lt ru ti o n
For w h en they had chafe d
th e R o may n e s many a m y l e , t h rough re af
o n of th ey r
bowes , at the la i t the R o m ay n es alh am ed o f t h ei r
ei n g, an d rememb ry n g e th ey r o wl d e n o b l e n e ffe an d
courage , ymagi n e d t h ys waye , t h at t h ey wo ul de k n e el e
d owne on th ey r knees , and l o coner al l th ey r body
wy th th ey r f
h y l d es an d targatte s , t h at th e Part h ian s
lh aftes mig h t ll y d e ouer t h em , an d do t h em no h arm e ,
w h ic h thi ng when the Parth ian s p erc eyu e d , t h inking
t h a t ye R o may n e s wer fo rwery e d w it h 1aboure,
watc h e, and h ungre they layed down e t h eir bowes , and
toke fp eres i n their h an d es, an d fo ranne vpo n t h e m
but the R o mayn e s p erc eyu i n g e t h em wit h ou t t h eir
bowes , ro i e vp man fully, and ll ewe t h em eu ery mot h er
fon , i auc a fe we t h at faued th em fel ues with ru n n y n g
awaye An d herein our archers of E nglan d e far p afie
e , w h en t h ey
th e Parth i an s , which for fuche a p u rp o f
.

E nruphus

70

Q.

lh all come to hande ftro ke s, h at h euer redy , ey th er at

h i s backe h an gy n g or els in h i s n ext fel o we s h ande a
,

leaden maule or fuche lyke weapon to beate downe

,

e n em y e s

wi th all
i
l
h
l
i
h
a
b
w
Well
e
f
i
n
t
at
tho
e
examples
h
c
T
o
o
e
e
i
1
,
3
p
g
16
I h ad t h ough t to haue ben cleane agay n lt ih o ti n g , you
h aue t h us turned to th e h ygh p ray i e of lh o ti n ge : an d
all t hi s p rayi e t h at you h aue now fayd on it , is rather
come in by me t h an fough t for of you let m e heare
I praye you n owe , th o fe examples wh i ch e yo u h aue
marked of ih o tyn g your fel fe : w h ereby you are , and
o good in warre
t h i n k e to p eri uad e ot h er, yat i h o ti n g i s f
0501: E xamples furel y I h aue marked very many :
from th e b egy n n i n g of ty m e h ad in memorie of wry t
yng , t h roug h out all commune weal th es , an d Empires
of th e wo rld e : wh ero f th e m o o it e part I wyll p afie
ouer, l eft I ih o ulde b e ted i o ufe : yet fome I wy l l
touc h e b y c aufe th ey be notable , both e for me to tell

his

an d you to h eare
An d b y c aui e the fto ry e of the I e wes i s for the ty me
mo o it au u c i en t for th e truth e mo o ite credible i t ih al b e
m o o it tte to b egy n n e wi th them
An d alt h ough I
knowe t h at God is th e onely gyu er of vi to ri e and n ot
th e weapon s for all lt ren gth and vi t o ri e ( fayt h I udas
Mac h ab eus) comet h from h eauen : Yet
M
ah
3
furel y ftro n g weapons be th e i n itrum en tes
wh erwi th god dot h o u erc o m e yat parte

wh ich h e wi l h aue o uerth ro wn For God

is well p l eai e d wyth wy i e an d wittie feates of warre :
A s in m e ti n ge of enemies for trufe taky n g to haue
p ri u i ly e in a b ulh m en t h arn e ll men l ay d
M a h 2 r4
for feare of treafo n as I udas M ac hab e us
dy d wy th N i c an o r D emetrius c ap i tay n e And to h aue
e ngines of warre to beate downe ci ties wi th all : an d
to h aue fc o u t watc h e am o n g es our en e my es to knowe
th e ir c o un fay le s as th e noble c ap tai n e M a h
3
I o n ath as brot h er to Indas M ac h ab e us did
in th e countrie of A m athi e agai n lt th e migh ty h ofte of
Demetri us And b efy d e al t h is god i s p l eai ed to haue
.

E l) :

ut:
sm

at

shooti ng

71

good ly tombes for them which do noble feate s in warre

and to h aue their ym ages made and alfo their cot e
Arm ours to b e fet aboue th eyr tombes to M a
h
3
t h eir perpetual laude an d memori e as the
vali au n t c ap i tay n e S ymon d y d c auf
e to be made for
his b reth ren I udas M ac h ab eus and I o n athas w h en
t h ey were ll ay n e of the Gentiles And th u s of w hat
au th o ri ti e feate s of wa rre and li rong weapons be
lh o rtly and p layn ely e we maye l earn e : But am o n g e s
th e Iewes as I began to tell I am i ure t h ere was
n othing i o o c c up ed or dy dde l o m oc h e good as bowes
y
d y d : i n fo m o c h e t h at when th e I ewe s h ad any great
vpp erhan d e ouer the Gentiles the f
yrlt e th i n g e al way es
t h at the cap tayn e dy d was to ex h ort th e people to
g y ue all the th an k es to God for th e vi t o ry e an d not to
t hey r bowes wh e r wi th they had
ay n e t h eir
3
J f
e n emy e s : as it i s playne t h at th e n oble
I o l ue dy d after l o many ky n g es th ru ft do wn e by hy m
God when h e p ro myfe th helpe to th e Je wes h e vi eth
no kynde of fp eaky n g fo moc h e as this that h e wy ll
bende h i s bowe and die his lh afte s in th e D t r 3
3
Genti les blood : w h ereby i t is man i feit th at
tro n g e lh o te s
ey th e r God wy l l make the I e we s lh o o te f
to o uerth ro we t h eir enemies : or at l e e lte t h at lh o ti n g e
wh ervn to ye
i s a wonderful m i gh ti e thing i n warre
al m es
h y gh power of God i s ly k en ed
D au i d in th e P f
callet h b owes the veel s of deat h a b y tter
P al 7 63
75
th i n g e and in an ot h er place a m y gh ty
power and other way e s m o w h ich I wy ll let pa ffe
b y cau fe e uery e man read eth them d ay l y e : But y e t
one place of fc ri p ture I m uft nedes remembre
w h ich i s more notable for y e p ray i e of ih o ti n g t h en
any yat euer I red i n any other lt o ri e an d t h at is
w h en Saul was ayn e of ye P h i l i lt ian s R gum
being m igh ti e bo wm en and I o n ath as h i s
fo un e wit h h i m tha t was fo goo d a lh o te r as ye
h afte i n vayne
fc ri p ture fayt h t h at h e neuer lh ot f
and yat th e ky n g d o me after S aules d eath e came v u to
Dau i d : the rll ltatute an d lawe t h at euer Da wd

o uc

cu c o

'

( turnpb ttus , Q

72

made after he was king was th is t h at al

R gum a 1
ye c h ildren of I frael ih ul d e l earn e to lh ote
according to a lawe made many a daye before yat tyme
for th e fetting out of ih o ti n g as it i s written (l ayeth
S cripture ) i n l i bro l u/l oru m wh i c h e booke we h aue not
nowe : An d thus we fe p l ai n ely e what greate vi e of
i h o ti n g and wh at p ro ui o n e uen fro m th e b egyn n yn g e
of th e wo rl d e for ih o ty n g was am o n ge th e Iewes
t part
Th e E t h iopians w h ic h i n h ab i te th e furth e f
S outh in th e wo rl de were wo n derfull bowmen : i n
fo m o c h e t h at w h en C amb y fes king of
H md m i
Thal ia
Perli e being i n Egi pt fen t c ertay n e am
b affado urs into E th i ope to th e ky n ge t h ere wit h m any
gre at g yftes : th e king of E th iop p erc ey ui n ge th em
to be efpy es toke t h em vp lh arp el y and blamed
C am b y fes greatly for fuc h vn i uft en terp ri fes : but
after t h at he had princely en tertay n ed t h em he fent
for a bowe and bente it an d drewe it and th en vn b en t
i t agay n e an d fay d e vuto th e amb affad o urs you fh al l
commende me to C amb yfes and gy n e h i m th is bowe
fro me an d b y d him w h en any Peri t an can lh ote in
th is bowe let him fe t vp o n th e E th i Op i an s : I n th e
meane wh y l e let hy m gyne th an kes vn to God wh i c h e
doth n o t put in th e E thiopians my n de to c o n qu ere
any oth er mans lande
Th is bowe w h en it came
am o n g e th e P erfi an s neuer one man i n fuc h e an i n
nite h oft (as H erodotus doth faye ) coul d fty rre th e
ftry n g faue onely S m erd i s the broth er of C amb y fe s
wh i c h e lty rre d i t two ngers and no furth er : for th e
w h ich aft Camb y fes h ad fuch e enuy at h i m t h at h e
afterward ll e we h i m : as doth app eare i n th e l to ry e
S efo ltri s th e m o o it m i gh ti e king th at euer was i n
Eg i p t o u erc ame a great parte of th e wo rl d e and t h at
by arch ers : h e i ub dued th e Arabians th e Iucs th e
A lT
he went fart h er into S cyth i a th e n any man
yri an s
e ls : h e o uerc am e T h racia euen to th e borders of
Germanic An d in token h o w h e o ue rc am e al men
h e fe t vp i n many places great y m ag es to his o wn e
ly ke n c ffe h auy n g e in th e one h ande a bowe in th e
,

r
El b e a
b ul c at shunt i ng

73

lh arpe h eeded f
h afte : t h at men
3 m g ,
E u te rpe
my gh t knowe , w h at weapon i s h oo li e
D iod S i c -2
vi ed , in c o n queryn g fo manye people
C yru s , counted as a god am o n ges the Gen tyl es, for
his n o b l en eli e and feli c i ti e in warre yet at
H e ro d in c li o
th e lait when he fet vp o n the M ali age tan es
h
h
h
w
ich
pe
ople
neuer
we
nt
i
t
ou
t
t
eir
b
we
nor
their
w
o
(
qui ue r, n e th er in warre nor peace ) he and all h i s were
il ayn e, an d t h at by ih o ty n g, as appeareth i n the i to ry e
Polycrates th e prince of S amos ( a very little yle)
was lorde oue r all th e Greke fees, an d wi th H
lto de the power of the P erfi an s , onely by
th e h elpe of a th o ui an d e arc h ers
Th e people of S cythia , of all other men loued , and
v i ed mo o it ih o ty n g , th e hole ry c h ee and h o ufeh o uld e
ltuf
i e of a man i n S cyth ia , was a y oc k e of oxen , a
plough , his nagge and h i s dogge , h i s bowe an d hi s
qui uer : which qui n e t w as c o uered wi th the tk yn n e of
a man , whi c h e he toke or ewe fyrlt e in b attay l e
Th e S cythian s to be i n ui n c i b l e by reafo n o f t h ei r
ih o ty n g, th e greate voyage s of l o manye noble con
quero urs fp en t in that countri e in vayn e , doeth wel l
proue : But fp ec i ally that of Dari us th e mygh ti e kyng
o f P ere, which when he h ad tary ed t h ere a great
fp ac e, and done n o good , bu t had fo r wery ed h i s
ho fte with trauay l e an d h unger : At lait the m en
of S cythia fen t an amb ali ado ur wi th iiii
H e rod in
M
1P m w
gy ftes : a b y rde , a frogge, a m o ufe, and
v lh aftes
Darius m eru ay lyn g at the ftraun gen eii e
of the g y ftes , aik ed the me ll enger w h at they l i gn i fy e d
th e m e f
fe n g er an i were d , that h e had no furt h er com
m au n d e m en t, but onely to d ely uer hi s gy ftes , and
retourn e agay n e wi th all fp ed e : bu t I am fure (fay e th
h e ) you P e ran s for your great wy fd o m e, can l oone
boult ou t what t h ey mean e Whe n the mell enger was

other a

gone

man began to fay hi s verdite Da rius

I udg me n t was t h is t h at ye S cyt h ian s gaue ouer into
th e P e ran s bandes
th eir ly ues t h e ir h ole power
both by lande and fee g n i fy i n g e by the mou l e the
,

e u ery

C ampb tl us Q

74

ea
rth e,

by the frogge the water in which they both

line by ye birde t h eir l y ue s w h ich lyne in th e ayer b y
the fh aft th eir hole power and E mpire that was mayn
teyn e d al way es by lh o ti n g e
Go b ry as a n oble an d
wy i e c ap tay n e am o n ge s th e P erfi an s was of a clean e
con trary minde faying nay n ot l o but th e S y th i an s
mean e thus by their gy ftes t h at except we get v s
wy n ges and y e into th e ayer lyke b i rd es or run into
ye holes of the earth e lyke my l e or els lye l urky n g i n
fe u nes and marill es lyke fro gges we lh al l neuer return e
h ome agay n e before we be vtterl y vn d o n e wit h t h eir
lh aftes w h ic h fen ten ce fan k e fo fore into t h eir he t tes
yat Darius wi t h all fp ede p o ll i b le brake vp h i s campe
and gat b y m l el i e h o mewarde Ye t h owe moch e th e
P eran s them fel u es fet by i h o ti n g e wh e rb y t h ey
i ed t h eir empire i o moch e doth app eare by
e n c rea
iii m an ifelt reafo n s : rlt e t h at t h ey brought H r d s l i
vpp e th eyr youth in the f
c h o l e of ih o ti n g
x
ph i
' P
Y
u
v to xx yere of age as dy uerfe noble
S tm b
Greke auth o urs do faye
A gayn e b y caufe th e noble kyng Darius though t h y m
felfe to be p rayfe d by n o thy n g fo moc h as to be counted
a good lh o ter as doth app eare by h i s fep ulc hre
wh eri n he caufed to be written t h is fen ten c e
,

,
,

e o

" c

en o

'

o.

'

D ari us tb e I fi ng l i etb b u ri ed b ere

wti ng an d ri di ng b ad n euer pere
Tb at i n
'

s i x-ah

15

Thi rdly e th e coyn e of the P erftan s, both golde an d

li l u er h ad the Armes of Pe ri t e vp o n i t, as is
p i u m ch in
A g e
a
to mab l y vi e d in o th er real mes , an d that
c uf
was bow and aro we s : by th e which feate they declared ,
h o w m oc h t h ey fet by t h em
Th e Grecian s alfo , but fp eci ally the noble A th e
n i e n i e s , had all t h eir ltren gth ly i n g e in
S u i das
Arti llari e and for yat p u rp o fe the c i ti e of
Ath ens h ad a th o ui an d men wh ich were onely arch ers ,
in day ly wages , to watc h e an d kepe th e c i ti e from al
i e o p erd i e and i o d ei n d au n ger w h ic h archers alfo lh uld
cary to pri fo n and warde any m i fdo er at ye c o m maun d e
.

'

t he ethni c

of

shunt i ng

75

m ent of the hy gh ofcers as p lay n ly e doth app eare in

Plato And i urely the bowm en of Ath en s
p lat i p r
t ag m
did wonderfu l fe ate s in many battels bu t
fp ec i al ly when D em o f
th en e s the val i aun t c aptay n e f
l ue
and toke p ri fo n ers all th e Lac ed emo n i an s b efy d e ye
c i ti e of Pylos
w h ere N e ito r fo mty me was lord : th e
lh aftes wen t l o t h icke t hat day (fayth
Th y d id 4
T h ucydides) that n o man could fe th ey r
e nemies A Lac e d e mo n i an taken p ri fo n er was alk ed
of one at Athens w h e th er t h ey were fto ute fellowes that
were i lay n e or no of th e Lac ed emon i an s : he an fwered
n o th ing els bu t t h is : make moch e of tho l e lh aftes o f
l o u te n or vn f
to ute :
y o u res for t h ey knowe n ey th er f
m ean yn g e thereby t h at n o man ( though h e were n euer
fo f
l out) came i n their walke, that efc ap ed wit h out
death
H erodotu s d efc ryb i n g the mighty h oo lt
H rod a
n
P 13
of Xe rxes efp ec i al ly doth marke out what
bowes an d lh afte s they vi ed fi gn i fyi n g yat therin lay
t h eir chefe ltren gth
An d at th e fame ty me Atto ll a
m ot h er o f Xerxes wyi e to Darius and d o ugh ter of
C y ru s doeth enquire (as A efc hy l u s lh e weth
E h i P ri
in a Tragedie ) o f a c ert ayn e m eli en ger
that cam e from Xe rxes h o tt e w h at ftro n ge an d fear
full bowes th e Grecian s vfed : wh erb y i t i s playn e t h at
Artillari e was th e t h ing wh eri n both E urope an d Ali a
at th o fe dayes trufted m o o it vp p o n
Th e be lt parte of Alexanders ho lt e were archers as
p l ay n ely e doth ap peare in A ri an us an d oth er yat
wrote h is life an d th o fe l o ftro n ge archers that th ey
on ely fun dry e tym es o u ercam e their en emies afore
an y o th er n eded to fy gh t as was fen e i n
th e b attay l which N e arch u s one of Al ex
an ders cap i tayn es had b efy d e th e ry uer of Th o m ero n
An d th erfo re as con cern ing all th ei e ky n gd o m es and
commun e weal th es I maye conclude wi th thi s fen
tence of P li ni e wh o i e wordes b e as I fup
pu m 6
6
C
a
3
p
pofe th us I f any man wo ul d e rem embre
t h e E thi opians Egyptians Arabians th e men of In de
,

uc

sc

opb i l us Q
E ur

76

of S cyth ia l o many peopl e in ye eaft of the S arm ati an es

and all th e ky n g do mes of th e Parth ians h e fh all well
p erc eyu e halfe th e parte of th e wo rl d e to ly ue i n
fub i e ti o n , o u erc o m e by th e my gh t and power of
,

lh o ti n g e
I n th e
a
l l other
.

commun e wealth of Rome wh ich exceded

in vertue n ob l en effe an d dominion li tle
mention is made of ih o tin g no t b y c aufe i t was litle
vi ed amo n ges them but rath er b y c aufe i t was both e fo
fary e an d commune th at i t was t h ough t a th ing
n ec e f
u red of anye man to b e f
not n ec eii ary e or req
p o ken
y
as if a man ih o ul de d ei c ri b e a greate feaite
vp o n
h e wo ul d e not on es name bread alth ough i t be
m o o ite common and n ec eli ary for all : but furely y f
a feaite b ey n g e n euer fo great lacked bread or h ad
fewfty and nough ty bread all the oth er d ay n ti es
ded and t han
ih ul d e b e vn fauery an d litl e regar
wo ul d e men talke of the commodity of bre ad wh an
t h ey lack e it that would not ones name it afore wh an
t h ey h ad it An d e n en i o dy d th e R o may n es as con
c e m yn g e i h o o ty n g
S el d o m e is fh o o ti n g e n amed and
yea i t d y d th e mo lte good i n warre as didde appere
ve ry e p l ay n l y e in t h at b attell whi c h e S cipio A ph ri c an us
h ad wit h th e N um an ti n es in S p ayn e wh o m e h e c o n l d e
neuer o uerc o m e before h e fette b o wemen amo n ge s h i s
h o rfe men by wh o i e m y gh t th ey were clean van q
h ed
ui f
A gay n e Tiberius fy gh tyn g e with A rme n i us and Ing
u i o m eru s p ri n c i s of G erman i e
had on e
wing of arch e rs on h o ri e b ac k an other of
arc h ers on foot by wh o i e migh t th e Germanes were
ay n e downe rygh te and i 0 fc at tere d and beate oute
of th e feel de t h at th e ch afe l aited x myles th e Ger
manes clame vp in t o trees for feare but th e Romanes
d y d fetche them down e with th eyr lh aftes as they h ad
ben b i rdes in why ch e b attell th e R o m ay n es lo ft l ewe
or none as doth ap p eare in th e h i flo ri e
B ut as I began to faye t h e R o m ay n es dy d not l o
mu ch e p rayi e th e g o o d n effe of fh o o ti n g e w h an t h ey
h ad it as t h ey d y d lamen t th e lacke of it whan they
,

Elf
b e rhul e

of

shootin g

77

wan ted it as Leo th e v the n oble E mp ero ur doth

i

l
a
n l t ef
t
e
i
n
f
un d ri e l ac es in t h o l e bok e s whi c h e h e
p
p y y
2
wrote i n Greke of th e eygh tes and pol licies of warre
l tl S ureli e of th at booke I haue n ot h eard before
and h owe came you to th e fygh te of i t
Eli as Th e booke is rare trul i e but this l afte y eare
wh en m after Ch eke tran ll ated th e fayd b ooke out o f
greke in to Latin to ye k i n ges m ai e iti e h e of hi s
t
f
f
n
l
n
e
e
e
e wolde haue me ve ry oft e i n hys chamber
g
and for the fam i l i ari ti e t h at I h ad wy th b ym , more
t h an manye o th er wo ul d e i uffer m e to reade of it
w h an I wo ulde the whi c h e th i n ge to do furely e I was
very del i rous an d glad b ec aufe of the excellen t
han d ely n ge of all th yn g es t h at euer h e taketh in
hande An d verily P b i lo/og e as o fte as I remembre the
d ep arty n g e of th at m an from th e vn i u erii ti e (whi c h e
thi n g e I d o not fel do m e) fo ofte do I well p erc eyue
o ur mo lt e h elpe an d i u th eraun c e to l eam y n g e to h aue
gon awaye wit h h i m For by ye great c o mmo di ti e
yat we toke i n h eary n g b y m reade p ri uatl y i n hi s
c h ambre all H omer S ophocles an d E uripides
H erodotu s Thucydides Xenophon I fo c rates an d
Plato we feel e the great d ifc o m mo di ti e in not h earyn ge
o f h ym A ri lto tl e an d Dem o fth en es wh i c h e i i au th o urs
wi th al l diligence lait of all h e though t to haue redd e
vn to u s
An d when I con fi der h owe manye men h e
fuc c o ured wi th h i s h elpe and h y s ay d e to ab y de h ere
for l eam i n ge an d h owe all men were p ro uo k e d an d
ltyrred vp by his c o un c ell and d ay ly e example howe
they i h u l de come to learn ing fure ly I p erc ey ue t h at
fen ten c e of Plato to be t rue w h ic h l aye th t h at there i s
l th e t h an that t h ere
n o th y n g bett e r i n an y common wea
ih o ul d e b e al way es on e or ot h er excellent p alfy n g
man wh o i e ly fe and vertue i h o ul d e p l uc k e fo rward e
the will diligence 1aboure an d hope of all oth er t h at
fo l o wyn g h i s fo o te ftepp es t h ey m y gh t comme to th e
fame ende wh erevn to labour l ern i n g and vertue h ad
Th e great hinderance of learni ng
co n u ei ed h i m befo re
in lacki n ge thys man greatly I ih ul d e lamen t i f th is d if
,

ua Q
Er
otunb

73

of oures were n ot i o y n e d wit h th e commo

d i ti e and h ealth of ye hole real m e for w h ic h p urp ofe
our noble king full of wyfe do me h ath called vp th is
excellent man full of l earn yn g e to teache nobl e prince
ii c e ful of h ope c o m fo rte and fo l ac e to al
E dward e an o f
tru e h e t tes of E nglan d For wh o m e al E ngland dayly
doth praye yat he p aiii n g his Tuto ur in
Ta 2
C
l earn y n g and knowledge fo l o wy n g e h i s
fath er in wi fed o m e and fel i c i ti e acc o rdyn g to yat ex
ample w h ich i s i et afore his eyes may l o fet out and
may n tayn e g o d d es worde to th e ab o l i lh m en t of al papi i
try th e c o n fufi o n of a1 h eree th at th ereby h e feared of
h i s ennemies loued of al h i s i ub i e t es maye bring to
his o wn glo ry immortal fame and memorie to t h is
re al me wel th e honour and f
el i c i ti e to tru e an d vn
fayn e d religion p erp et uall peace concorde and vn i ti e
But to reto um e to ih o o ty n ge agay n e w h at Leo
fay eth of ih o o ty n g e amo n ges the R o may n es hys
wo o rd es b e fo muche for the p ray i e of ih o o tyn g e
and th e booke alfo l o rare to be gotten th at I learn ed
th e places by h arte wh y c h e be as I fup p o i e eu en
th us P yrite in his fi xte booke as concern ing w h at
harn eys i s be lt : Lette all th e youth of Rom e be
compelled to vfe i h o o ty n g ey th er more or leli e an d
u i uer aboute
al way es to bear th eyr bowe and th eyr q
with th em un tyll th ey be xl yeat es oulde
For fi th en s i h o o ty n ge was n ecgl eted and d ecayed
among th e R o may n es many a b attayl e and fy eld e
hath been lo fte A gay n e in th e 1 1 booke
L o 11 s
and so c h apiter I call th at by b o ok es an d
c h api ters why ch e th e gr eke book e d eui d eth by chapi
ters and paragraph es ) Let your fo ul dy ers hau e th ey r
weapons wel app o y n ted and trimmed bu t abou e al l
ot h er th y n g e s regarde mo lte fh o o ti n g e an d th erfo re
lette men when th ere is no warre vfe ih o o tyn g e a t
home : For th e l eauy n g e of onely of lh o tyn g e hath
b ro ugh te i n ruyu e and d ecay e th e hol e E mpire
of Rome Afterward e h e c o m maun d eth agay n e h y s
i
ca
p tayn e by the l e wordes : Arme your h o tt e as I
c o mmo di ti e

or

o.

Eli ot S tbul e

of

shoot i ng

79

haue app o y n ted you b ut fp ec i ally with

L
8
bowe an d arro wes p l e n ti e For ih o o ty n g e
i s a th i n g e of much e mygh te and power i n warre
an d c h y e fe ly agayn lt th e S arrac en es and Turkes wh i c h e
people h ath all t h eir hope of vi tori e in th eyr bowe
and lh afte s : B efy d es al l t h is in an oth er place h e
wry teth th us to his Cap tayn e : Artillerie i s eai t e to b e
prepared an d i n time of great n ede a th i n g e mo lte
pro table th erfo re w e ltraytly e c o mmaun d e you to
make proclamation to al men y u der our dominion
w h ich be eyt h er in war or peace, to all
L
2
79
ci ti es b o ro wes and town es an d fy n ally to
all man er of men th at eue ry e feare p eri o n e hau e bowe
an d lh aftes of his o wn e an d euery e h o ufe b efy d e this
to h aue a i tan d i n g b earyn g bowe and xl lh aftes
for all n edes an d th at they ex erc i fe th em fel ues i n
h o l t es hilles and dales p l ayn es an d wo d es for all
man er of ch aunces in warre
H owe much e lh o o ti n g was v i ed among th e old e
Romanes and w h at m ean es n oble c ap tay n es an d Em
e am o n g e them an d
r
urs made to hau e i t en creaf
e
o
p
w h at h urte came by the d ec ay e of i t t h e i c wo rdes o f
Leo the e mp ero ur w h ich i n a man er I haue reh erfed
An d yet
wo o rd e for wo o rd e p lay n l y do th declare
lh o tyn g e alth ough they fet n euer l o muche by i t was
n euer l o good than as i t i s n owe in E n glan d e wh i ch e
thing to b e true i s very probable i n that Leo dot h
faye th at h e w o ul d e haue h is fo ul d i ers take of th eyr
arrowe head s an d on e lh ote at an other fo r th ey r
I
exerc i f
e wh i c h e playe yf E n gl y lh e archers vi ed
th i n k e t h ey i h o ul d e l yn de i mal play an d
L
3
7
leli e p l eai ure i n i t at all
Th e great vpp erh an d e mayn tey n ed alway es i n warre
by arti llery doeth ap p eare ve t ye p l ay n l y e by th is reafo n
alfo that w h an the fp an yard es fran c h m e n and ger
manes grekes mac ed o n i an s an d egyp ti ans ec h e c o n try
vi mg one l i n gul erweapon for wh y c h e they were greate ] ye
feared in warre as th e Sp an y ard e Lan eea the F ranc h e
man Gg/a th e German F ramea, th e Grecian M aeb era
,

eo . 1

21.

eo.

eo,

E uropbus Q

80

Macedonian S aria yet c o n l d e they not efc ap e

bu t be fub i e tes to th e E mpire of Rom e w h an th e
P erti an s h auyn g al l th ey r h op e in artilleri e gau e n o
place to th em bu t o uerc am e th e Roman es ofter than
and k ep te battel with th em
t h e R o may n es them
many an h undred y eare an d ue the t yche Craffus
an d h y s i on wy th many a ito ute R o mayn e
M Cra
more with t h eir bowes
They drane
Marcus Antonius ou er th e h y l l es of M edia
I l ia
i n Armenia to his great lh ame and rep ro c h Th ey flue
I ul i an us A p o ltata and An tonius C aracalla th ey h elde
i n perpetual p ry fo n ye mo lt noble emp ero ur Valerian
in d efpi te of all the R o may n es an d many oth er princes
wh i c h e wrote for his d el y u eraun c e as B el folis called
k y n g e of ky n g es Valerius kyn ge of Cad ui i a Art h a
bei des kyng of Armenia and many other princes
more w h om ye Parthians by reafo n of th eyr artillerie
regarded neuer one wh i tte and t h u s wi th the R o m ayn es
I maye con clude th at th e borders of th eyr em pyre were
not at th e fun n e ry ifn g e an d l unne fetty n g e as Tully e
ri e wo ul d e
fay eth : but fo farre they w ent as arti l la
gyne th em l eau e For I th i n k e all the gro un d e th at
t h ey h ad eyth er n o rth eward e farther than the borders
of S cyth ia or E afteward e farther th an th e borders of
Parth ia a man mygh t h aue b o ugh te with a fmal l deal e
of money of wh i ch e th y n ge furely lh o tyn g was th e c aufe
From the fame contrie of S cyth ia th e Go th i an s
H unnes an d Wan dal i an s came wy th th e
a l Diac
P
fam e wep o n s of arti ll ari e as Paulus Dia
conu s doth faye and f0 b erafte Rome of h er emp yre
wy th fyre fp o y l e and walt e l o yat in fuche a learn ed
ci rie was lefte fc arce one man b eh y n de th at h ad
l earn y n g e or l eyi o ure to l eu e in wri ti n g e to t h em
wh i c h e ih o ul d e come after howe i o noble an E mp y re
i n i o fh o rte a wh yl e by a rable of b an y lh e d b on de
men wy th o ute all order an d pollicie i auc o n ely e
rti ll ary e was
e in a
th ey r n aturall e an d dayl y e ex erc i f
b ro ugh te to fuche th ral do m e and m ine
After t h em th e Turkes h aui n g an oth er name bu t yet

th e

n o.

01b : S thol e
th e

of

shoot i ng

St

fame people born e in S cyt h ia brought

P M la t
vp onely in art i l lari e by th e fame weapon
h au e fub d ued an d b e raft from th e C h ri en men al l
A a and Aphrike (to fp eake vp o n ) and the m o o lt
n oble coun tries of E urope to th e greate d i m i n i fh i n g of
C h ri e h i s reli g ion to th e great reproche of c o wardy fe
of al c h ri i an i ti e a m an i feft token of gods high wrath
and di fp l e afure ouer th e fy n n e of th e wo rl de bu t
fp ec i al l y e am o n ges C h ri en m en which be on ep e
made d run ke with the frutes of th e efh as i n deli ti e
d i fo b e d i en c e to C oddes word e an d h eree grudge
an d p ri ui e en uy e
i l lwy l l ry fe
Open
b attay l e
ul n e
n ee
vn m erc i f
c o u e to uf
with i n
e
Opp re lli o n
y
n umerable fortes of vn fp eak eab l e day l y e b awdry e :
wh ich th i n g e s furely y f God h olde not his h oly h and
ouer vs an d pl uc k e vs fro m t h em wy l b ry n g vs to a
more Turki fh n ee and more b ealy e b ly n d e b arb aro ull
n eIT
e : as c al ly n g ill th i n g e s good and good th y n ge s ill
e tty n g e at
c o n te m n y n g of knowledge an d l earn y n ge f
n ough t an d h auy n g for a fable God and h i s high
p ro ui d e n c e wy l l bring vs ( I fay) to a more vn grac i o u s
h n ef
fe can be t h en t h is )
T urki f
h n effe ( if more Turki f
th an i f the Turkes h ad fwo rn e to b ring a1 Turky e
For th efe fru tes furel y e m u n e ades
agayn lt vs
fp ry n g e of fuc h feed e an d fu c h e e c t n edes fo l o we
of fuc h e a c au fe : i f reafo n truth e an d God b e not
al tered but as t h ey are won t to b e For fure ly n o
Turky lh e power can o u erth rowe vs if Turkyflh e l y fe
do n ot ca ll vs downe before
I f g od were wy th vs i t bu ted n ot th e turk e to be
ul l ly u n
u l n f
ag ay n f
t vs bu t our vn fay thf
y g which i s
th e Turkes m oder an d hath brough t b y m vp hi th e rto
mufte nedes turn e god from vs b ec aufe fyn and h e
h y p to gi th er
I f we b an i fh ed ill li uy n g
h ath no fel o wf
out of c h ri en do me I am fure th e Turke ih ul de n o t
c arc e haue an h o l e to
o n ely e n ot o u erc o m e vs bu t f
runn e in to in h i s own c o un try e
B u t Chri en d o m e n owe I may tell y o u P h ilologe is
muc h e lyk e a man that hath an y tc h e on him and ly eth
,

'

E uropb i l us g

82

al fo in hi s bed and th ough a th efe come to the

dore an d h eaue th at it to com e in an d ey e b y m yet
h e l y e th in hi s bed h aui n g e m ore p l eafure to lye in a
umber and fc ratc h e h i m fel fe whe t it y tch eth e uen to
l ely e
t h e h arde bone than he hath re d y n es to ryfe up l uf
and dry ue h i m awaye that wo ul de robbe b y m an d eye
b ym
But I tru h e C h ri e wy l fo lygh ten and ly fte vp
C h ri en menues eyes t h at th ey lh all not epe to death
n o r th at th e turke C h ri f
te s open enemy ih al l euer b o f
te
th at he ha th quyte o uerth ro wen vs But as I began to
tell you ih o o ty n ge i s the c h efe th i n ge w h erewit h God
fu ere th the turke to p un y f
h our n o ugh ti e li ui n g e wy th
all : Th e y o uth e there i s brough t vp i n
Ca p d m
Tm
b
fh o ty n g h i s p ri u i e garde for his own p erfo n
i s bowmen the migh t of th ey r fh o o ty n ge i s wel kn o we n
of th e S pan y ard es wh i c h e at the town e called N ewec ael l
in I llirica were quyte ayn e vp of th e turke s arro we s :
w han th e S pan y ard es had n o vfe of th ey r gunnes by
reaf
o n of th e rayn e
An d n owe l afl of al l the em
p ero ur hi s mai e i e h i m felfe at the Ci ti e of Argier i n
A phn c k e h ad h i s h o o f
te fore h an d el e d wy th th e Turkes
arro wes w h en h i s g o n n e s were quite d i f
p atc h ed an d
fto d e h i m in n o fernice b y caufe of the raine th at fell
w h ere as i n fuc h e a ch aunce of raine y f he had h ad
bowmen furel y e there lh o o te my gh te p erad ue n tu re
h aue bene a li tle h i n d red bu t quite d i fp atc h e d and
marde i t c o ul d e n euer h aue ben e
But as for th e Turkes I am weri e to talke of them
p artly e b ecaufe I h ate them and p artly e b y c aufe I am
now ae ti o n ed eu en as it were a man t h at h ad ben e
longe wan d eryn g i n raun g e c o n tri e s and woul d fayn e
be at h ome to fe h owe w ell hi s owh e fre mdes p ro fp er
and l ead e th eyr ly fe and furely e m e th i n c k e I am veri e
m ery e at my h arte to remember h o w I fh al n de at
h ome in E n gl an d e am o n g es E n gl y lh men p artly e by
h yfto ri es of t h em that h aue gon e afore vs ag ay n e by
experience of t h em wh y c h we knowe and l y ue with
vs as greate n o b l e feates of warre doon e by Arti llary e
as euer was don e at any tym e in any ot h er common

d ro n k e

us

'

he

srb ul e of

shoot i ng

83

wel tlze
An d here I mu il n edes remember a certain e
Frenc h man called Textor, that writet h a
T
ex t o r

b o k e wh i c h e h e nam eth O
i c i n a, wh eri n he
weu eth vp man y b ro ken en d ed matters and fettes ou t
much ri fraffe, p e lfery , trumpery , baggage and b egg eri e
ware c lam pard e vp of one t h at wou ld feme to b e tter
for a (h o p i n ded e than to write any bok e An d
am o n g es all ot h er y ll packed vp matters , h e th rues
vp i n a hepe to gy th er al l the good {h o ters that euer
bathe bene i n th e wo rl de as h e fayth e h y mfelfe, and
yet I tro w Philologe that of all th e exampl es wh i c h e I
n ow by chaunce haue reh erfed out of the b e fl Au thors
both in greke an d latin , Textor hath but ii of t h em ,
w h ich ii furely y f they were to reken agay n e, I wold
not ones nam e them , partly b y c aufe they were n o ugh ti e
h
r
f
n
s
m
h
c
a
u
f
and
the
r
f
t
ey
e
o
i
h
t
i
n
f
o
o
c
e
w
o
e
b
e
o
,
,
p
g
y
loued i t , as D omitian an d C ommodus th e emp ero urs
p artely e b y c aufe Textor hath them in his boke , on
w h om I l oked on b y c h au n c e i n the b o o k eb y n d ers
i h o p e , th yn ky n g e of n o fuch e matter
An d on e thing
I wy l fay to you P zl ol oge, th at i f I were d ifpo fed to d o
i t and you badde l eyfure to h eare i t , I c o ul de fo o n e do as
Textor dot h , and rek en vp fuc h e a rable of ih o ters that
be named here an d t h ere in poetes , as wolde holde vs
tal kyn g why l es to m o ro we bu t my p u rp o f
e was n ot to
make menti on of th o fe w h ich were fey n ed of Poetes
for th ey r p l eafure, but of fuch e as were p ro ue d i n h i f
tories for a tru th e : but why I bri n ge in Te x to r was
t h i s : A t l ae w h en h e hat h rek en ed all fh o ters t h at

h e can , he fay eth t h us , Petru s C ri n i tu s

Cri n 3 ) 0
wry te th , that the S c o ttes wh i c h e dwell b e
yonde En gl an de be ve t ye excellen t lh o ters , an d th e
Thi s fen ten c e whether Cri
b eft bowmen in warre
n i tus wrote i t more l e ud l y of i g n o raun c e , or Textor
c o n rm e th i t m ore p i uy lh ly e of en uy e, may b e called
in que i o n an d d o ub te : bu t thi s furely e d o I know e
very wel l t h at Textor h ath b oth red i n Gagui n us th e
6
Fre n c h e h yo ri e , an d alfo hat h h eard e hi s fat h er or
r
c
h
a
u
n
except
f
a
h
r
a
n
lk
e
c e he was borne
a
u
n
d
t
t
e
r
e
g
p
(
.

'

E ut uli b i l us

84

an d bred in a Cl o y er) after t h at fort of th e fh o ty n ge

of En g l i ffh e men t h at Textor n eded not to h aue gon e
h o ti n g but m ygh t
[
0 p i ui lh l y e b ey o n d e E n gl an d e for f
very fo o n e e ue n in th e rft town e of K en t h aue fo un de
fuc h e p l en ti e of Ih o ti n g e as is not in al th e real me of
Th e S c o ttes furely be good men of
S cotlan d agayn e
warre in th eyr o wn e feate as can be b ut as for i h ot
ing e th ey n ey th er can vfe it for any p ro fy te n or yet
wil c h al en g e it for an y p rayfe alth ough m after Textor
of h i s g e n tl en efTe wold gy ue it t h em Textor n ead ed
n ot to h au e fy ll e d vpp e h i s booke with fuche lyes if
h e badde read th e o ry e of S c o tl an d e wh i c h e I o an n es
Maior doet h wry te : w h erein h e myghte
I a Ma 6
h aue learn ed t h at when Iames S tewart fy rlt
kyng of t h at nam e at th e Parliament h olden at S ay n t
I o h n n es towne or P erth i e c o mmaun d ed vn d er payn e
of a greate fo rfyte t h at e uery e S cotte fh o ul d e l earn e to
lh ot e yet n ey th er th e loue of th ey r co u ntrie th e feare
of th eir enemies th e auo y dy i n g of p un i fh m en t nor th e
recey ui n g e of anye p ro f
y te t h at my gh t come by it c o ul de
make th em to be good Arch ers wh i c h e b e vn ap te and
vn f
y tte th erun to by Gods p ro ui d en c e and nature
Th erfo re the S c o ttes t h em fe l ue s proue Textor
a lyer both e with auth o ri ti e and alfo daily exp eri
ence and by a c ertay n e P ro uerb e t h at th ey h au e
am o n g es them i n th ey r commun ication wh erb y t h ey
gyne th e whole p ray fe of ih o ty n g e h o n e lt ly e to E n
h e Archer
g ly fih e men faying t h us th at eu ery E n gly ff
bearet h vn d er h y s gy rdl e xx iiii Sc o ttes
B ut to lette T ex to r and th e Sc o ttes go : yet one
th yn g e wo ul d e I wy fih e for th e S c o ttes and th at is
th is th at fei n g e one God on e fayth e on e c o mp affe of
th e fee
one land e an d countri e one tun g ue in
fp eaky n g e one maner and trade in l y uy n g e lyk e
courage and o mak e in war lyke q
u i c k n ef
fe of wi tte
to l e arning hath made En gl an d e and S c o tlan de both e
on e they wolde futfre th em no long e r to b e two bu t
cleane gyu e ouer th e Pope which fek eth none oth er
th i n g e ( as many a noble and wy f
h man doth
e S c o tti f
,

'

t he srb ulz at

s hoot i ng

85

knowe) but to fede vp d i ffen ti o n an d parti e s be twixt

them and vs pro c u ryn g that thy n g e to b e two which
God nature an d reafo n wol d h aue one
Howe p ro fy tab l e fuch e an atto n e men t
Mm
1 h
7
were for S c o tlan d e bo th I o han n es M aior
i r o hi t
s
and E ctor Bo eti us whi c h e wro te th e Sc o ttes
C h ronicles do tell and alfo all the gentlemen of S co tlan d e
wi th th e poore c o mm un alti e do wel knowe : S o t h at
t h ere i s nothing that fto pp eth this matter fane o n ely e a
fewe free i s an d fuche lyke wh i c h e wi th th e d regg es
of our E n glyfh P ap i ftri e lurky n g now amo n g e s t h em
f
tudy no th ing els bu t to b rewe b attell and ftry fe
b etwi x te both the people : Wh erb y onely t h ey hope
to may n etayn e th eyr P ap i fti cal l ky n gd o me to th e
trut i o n of the noble blood of Sc o tl an d e t h at
d ef
t h en they maye with auth o ri ti e do th at wh i c h e nei th er
noble man nor poore man in Sc o tlan d e yet doet h
knowe And as for Sc o tti
i e men an d E n g l i ih e men
b e not en emy es by na ture but by c ufto me n ot by our
good wy ll bu t by th eyr o wn e fo l ly e : wh i c h e fh o ulrl e
take more h onou r in being coupled to E n glan de t h en
we ih uld e tak e p ro te in b eing i o y n ed to S c o tlan d e
Wales b eing h eady e an d rebelling many y e ares
ag ay n ft vs laye wyld e vn ty l l ed vn h ab i ted withou t
lawe i ufti c e c i ui li ti e and ordre : and th en was
amo n g es t h em more eal i n g than true dealing more
fure ti e for the m that udy ed to b e n o ugh te th en
u e tn e f
h
f
for
them
that
laboured
to
b
e
good
:
w
en
e
qy
nowe th anked b e God and nob le E n gl an d e there i s
no
countri e better in h abited more c i ui l e more
diligen t i n h o n e fl c raftes to get bot h e true and
plen tiful ] l y uy n g e wi thall
And t h is fe li c i ti e ( my
myn d e gyu eth me ) wi thi n th efe few dayes fh al c h aunce
alfo to Sc o tlan d e by the godly wyfed o me of c ure
m o o fte noble Prince ky n ge H e n ry e th e viii by
wh o me God hath wrough t more wo n d erfull th yn g es
then euer by an y p rince before : as b an ifh i n g th e
b y t p of Rom e and h e ri e b ri n gy n g to ligh t god h i s
worde and veri ti e eflab l i lhi n g fuc h e i ui c e and
,

um
tr
pb us

86

qui ti e through euery parte of th is his re al me as

neu er was fen e afore
To fuch e a Pri nce of fuche a wyfdo m e God hath
ref
te noble atto n em en t wh erb y n ei ther
eru ed th is m o o f
we fh alb e any more troubled nor th e Sc o ttes wi th
t h eir b eft countries any more d eftro y ed nor ye fe e
wh i c h e God o rd ey n eth p ro fy tab l e for both fh all from
u i etn ef
fe
eyth er b e any more
opped to th e great q
wealth and fel i c i ti e of all th e p eople dwel lyn g e in t h i s
I le to th e high ren o um e and p rayfe of our m o o it
noble kyng to th e feare of all maner of n ac i o n s t h at
owe ill wy ll to eith er countri e to the h y gh p l eafure of
God w h ich as h e is one an d h ateth a1 d i ui o n fo i s
h e belt of all pl eafed to fe th i n g es which b e wyde and
amy f
fe brough t to peace an d atto n em en t
But
Textor ( I b efh ro we h i m) h ath al mo o fte b ro ugh te vs
from our communication of fh o ti n g N o w fi r by my
i u dg em en t th e A rti l lari e of E nglan d farre ex c e d e th
all oth er real m es : but ye t on e th ing I doub t an d
longe haue furely in th at point doubted w h en or by
w h om ih o ty n g was rft brough t in to E n gl an d e an d
for th e fame p urp o fe as I was ones in c o mp an y e wy th
fyr Th omas E liot knight which furel i e for h i s l ern i n g
i n all kynde of kn o wl eg e bringeth much wo rfh yp to all
k e b ym
th e n o b i li ti e of E n gl an d e I was fo bould to a f
f
he
at
any
h
a
d
marked
any
t
h
ing
as
con
m
t
e
y
y
c em n g e the b r n
h o o ty n g e in to E n gl an d e :
y
y g y n g e in of f
h e au n fwered m e g en tly e agay n e th at h e h ad a wo rc k e
in h an d w h ich h e namet h D e r65 11 : ri m /zorab i l zb u:
7
A ug /i re which I tru it we f
h al fe i n prin t f
h o rtly e and
for th e acc o m plyfh men te of th at boke h e h ad read
and p erufed ouer many olde mon umentes of E n glan d e
and i n fek i n g for th at p urp o fe h e marked th i s of
f
h oo ty n g e in an ex c edy n g olde c ron i c l e the w h ich had
n o n ame th at what tyme as th e S axons came rft i nto
t h is real m e in kyn g V o rtig ers dayes wh en they had
ben e h ere a wh y l e an d at lait began to faull out
wit h th e Brittons t h ey trouble d and subdewed th e
Brittons wy th n o thy n ge fo much as with th eyr
e

'

n) : mi nt: of shunt i ng
a

87

bowe an d fhaftes wh i ch e wep o n b eyn ge ftraun g e and

n ot fen e h ere before was wo n d erfull terrible vu to
them and this b egi n n i n g e I can th yn ke veric well to
b e true B ut now as concern ing many examples for
th e p rayfe of E n gl i f
h archers i n warre furely I wil n o t
b e long i n a matter yat n o man doub teth in an d th o fe
few yat I wi l name, fh al either b e p ro ued by ye
hif
to ri es of our enemies, or els don e by men th at
n owe l i ue
K yn g e E dward the th i rde at the battel of C ref
li e
ag ei n Philip ye F renche king as Gagu i n u s the french
H if
to ri o grap h er p l ai n l y e doeth tell flewe t h at daye
all the n o b i l i te of Fraun c e o n ly e wy th hys arche rs
S uch lyke battel alfo fough t ye noble black prin ce
E d warde b efi de P o eters w h ere I o h n ye fren ch king
with hys fo n n e and in a man er a1 ye peres of Fraun c e
were taken b efi d e xxx th o u fan d which that daye were
f
l ay n e and veri c few E n gly f
h e m en , by reafo n of
th ey r bowes
K y n g e H enrie the fte a prince pereles an d mofl e
vy to ri o u f
u ero ure of all t h at euer dye d yet i n
e c on q
this parte of th e world at th e battel of Agin cou rt wi t h
vii th o u fan d fy gh ty n ge men and yet many of them
fy c k e b ey n g e fuc h e Arc h ers as th e C ro n y c l e f
ay eth
t hat m oo ite parte of t h em drewe a yarde ewe al l
the Ch eualri e of Fraun c e to the n o mb e r of X L t h ou
sand an d m oo an d lo ft n ot p ae xxvi E n glyffh e m en
Th e b l o u dy e Ci ui l warre of E nglan d betwixt th e
h o ufe of Yorke an d Lan caf
t er where fh afte s ewe of
bo th fy des to th e deftru c ti o n of man n y e a yoman of
E n gl an de whom fo rei n e b attell c o ul de n euer hau e
fub d ewe d b othe I wy l l pa f
fe ouer for th e p y tty eful n e f
fe
of i t an d ye t may we h ygh ely e p rayfe G O D i n th e
rememb raun c e of it f
eyn g e h e of h y s p ro uy d e n c e hath
fo k n y tte to gether th o fe i i n oble h o ufes, wi th to
n oble and p l e afun te a o wre
Th e excellent p rince T h om as H awarde n owe Duke
of N o rth fo l k for wh o fe good p ro fp eri te with al h i s n oble
familie a1 E ngl i fh h ertes d ay ly do th pray wit h bowmen
,

'

q rupb us

88

of E ngland ew kyn g Iamie with many a noble S cot

t Fl o d o n hil i n w h ic h battel ye fto u te
e ue n brant agen f
arc h ers of C h ef
h i re and Lan c h aff
h i re for on e day b e
fto we d to ye death for their prince and country fake
h at h gotten i mm o rtal l name and p ray fe for euer
Th e feare onely of E n gl yfh Arc h ers b ath e don e
more wo n derful l th i n g es t h an euer I redde i n anye
to ry e greke or latin and m o o it wo n d erful l of all now
hi f
of late b efi de Carlile betwi xt E lk e and Leuen at S andy
fi kes w h ere the hoole n ob i l i te of S co tl an d e for fere of
t h e Arch ers of E n gl o n d e ( next th e f
tro ke of Go d ) as
both E n gl y fh men and Sc o ty fh e men that were p refen t
h at h toulde me were d ro wen ed and taken p ri fo n ers
Nor t h at n oble a cte alfo wh y c h e al th o ugh e it be
al m o f
t lo f
t by ty me c o mm eth n ot b ehy n d in wo rth i
ne ffe wh i c h e my fyn gul er good frende an d M after S i r
William Walgraue and S i r George So merfet d y d with
with a fe w Arc h ers to ye number as i t is fayd o f xvi
at th e Tu m e pike b efy d e Hammes where th ey turned
with fo fewe Arch ers fo many Fren ch em en to ight
an d turned fo many oute of th eyr I ackes wh y ch turn e
turned all fraun c e to fh ame and reproch e an d th o fe i i
nobl e kn igh tes to p erp etual l p rayfe and fame
An d t h us you fe P h ilologe in al countries Aa
Aph rike and E urope in I nde A eth i o p A egyp t and
I urie Part h ia P erfra Greece and Italie S c hy th i a
Turk y and E n gl an d e from th e b egy n n i n ge of the
world enen to t h ys daye, that fh o tyn ge h at h had the
c h ei f
e f
tro ke in warre
19M Th efe examples furely e apte for the
if
h o ty n ge nor fey n e d by poetes
p ray fe of f
but p ro ued by trewe h i fto ri es d i i n c t by tyme and
order hath d elyted me exce dy n g muche bu t yet me
h oot
th y n k e t h at all t h ys p ray f
e belongeth to f
tro n g e f
y n g e and d rawy n g e of my gh ty e bowes not to p ri c kyn g
and nere fh o ti n ge for w h ich c aufe you and many other
both e loue an d vfe fh oo ty n g
Q1033 E uer more Philologe you wy l h aue some
o uer
twh art reaf
on to drawe forth e more c o mm un i c a
,

6 b: but: ofshooti ng

89

tion wi th all but n eu erth el effe you fh all p erceaue i i

you wy l that vfe of p ri c ky n g and d efy re of nere
f
h o o ty n g e at h ome , are th e o n el y e c aufe s of ftro n g e
ih o o ty n g i n warre and wh y ? for you f
that th e
e
ro n g eft m en do not drawe al way es th e ro n ge ft
fh o o te wh i c h e thyn g p ro ue th e t h at drawi n g e f
t ro n g e
liet h e n ot f0 m uc h e in the lt ren g th of man as i n th e
vf
h o ty n g An d experience teach eth th e fame in
e of f
other thy ng es for you fh al fe a weak e fmi th e wh i ch e
wy l wy th a lipe and turn y n g of hi s arme tak e vp a
barre of yron yat another man th ri fe as ftro n g e can
not fti rre An d a ftro n ge man not vfed to fh o te hath
h i s armes b re fte an d f
h o ul d ers and other partes w h ere
with h e fh ul d drawe ro n gly e one hindering an d fto p
pinge an o th er euen as a d o fen ftro n g e h o rfes not
vf
e d to th e carte
lettes and troubles one another
And fo the more ftro n g e man not vfe d to fh ote fh o o tes
mo o ft vn h an fum ly e but yet if a ftro n g man with vfe
of fh o o ti n g c o ul d e apply e all th e parte s of h y s b o dy e
t o gy th er to th ey r m oo f
t f
t ren g th e th an fh o ul d h e both
d rawe ro n ger than other an d alfo fh o o te better than
ot h er But nowe a ftro n g e man n ot vfed to fh oo te at
a girde can h eu e vp an d p l uck e in funder man y a
good bowe as wild h o rfes at a b run te doth race and
pluck in peces many a ftro n g e carte
An d thus
ftro n g e men wi thout vfe can do n o th yn ge i n fh o ti n g
to an y p urp o fe n either i n warre nor peace but if they
h appen to f
h o o te
h o o te yet they haue done within a f
or two when a weak e man th at is vfed to fh o o te fh al
feru e for all tym es and p urp o fes an d f
h o o te x
h all f
f
h aftes agayn f
l th e ot h ers iiii and drawe t h em vp to
the p o y n te e uery e ty m e and fh o o te them to the mo o e
ad uaun tag e d rawy n g and wit h drawing hi s f
h afte when
h e li ft marky n g e at one man yet let d ri uy n g at an
other man wh y c h e thy n g es i n a fet b attay l e alth ough
a man fh al not al way es vfe yet i n b i c k eryn g es and at
o u er
th warte m eati n g e s when fe we archers be to g y th er
t h ey do m o o fte good of all
Agay n e h e that is n ot vfe d to fh o o te f
h all e u ermo re
,

@urapb il us

90

of h o ul dy n ge hi s bowe and
ry n g b e
o ok y n g to h i s f
t
n
ot
a
f
l
n o c k n ge h i s f
h
t
e
y
ty m e pu t his bowe al way es in i eo p erdy of b reaky n g e
and t h an h e were better to b e at h ome m o reo u er h e
h aftes and th o fe full vn h an d
fhal f
h oo te very fewe f
fuml y e fome not halfe drawen fome to h y gh and fome
to lowe nor he can not dri ue a fh o o te at a ty me n or
{t oppe a fh o o te at a neede , but oute mufl e it and
e
very e ofte to euel p ro f
An
d
t
h
at
is
I
trow
i
n
war
to
let
i
t
go
and
f
t
b
e
i
b
not to {toppe i t
h afte at
(Ear N o not f0 but fo mtyme to h o ul d e a f
th e h eade wh y c h e if t h ey be bu t fe w arc h ers dot h
more good wi th the feare of it th an i t fh o ul de do if it
were (h o t wi th the ftro k e of it
i
f
l
That
is
a
wonder
to
me
yat
th
e
feare
of
a
d
ea
p
19W
h o ul de do more harme t h an the d i fp l eafure it fe l fe
fure f
Yes ye knowe t h at a man wh i c h e fereth to b e
b an yfh e d out of h y s c u n try e can n ey th er b e mery
cate d ry n k e nor eap e for feare yet w h en h e is ban
if
h e d in dede he ep eth an d eateth , as well as any
ot h er
An d many menne d o ub ty n g and feary n g
w h eth er they fh o ul d e dye or n o cuen for very e feare
of d eath e p reuen teth t h e m fel fe with a more b y tter
d eath e th en th e o ther death fh o u l d e haue ben e in
deade And t h us feare i s euer wo rfe t h an th e th y n ge
feared as i s p artel y e p ro ued by th e communication
of C yrus and T i gran es the kyn g es fun n e
Ciri p d 3
o f Armeni c i n Xenop h on
bi I g raun te Toxophile that vfe of fh o ty n g
maketh a man drawe ft ro n g to fh o o te at m o ft ad uaun
t age to kepe his gere wh i c h e is n o fmall th i n ge in war
but yet me th i n ke that th e c ufto mab l e ih o ti n g at
h ome fp ec i ally e at buttes an d p ri c k es make n o th yn ge
at all for ftro n ge fh o o ti n g which doth m ofte good in
war Th erfo re I fupp o fe y f m en fh ul d e vfe to goo
into the fy el des, an d l earn e to fh o te my gh ty ftro n ge
fh o o tes and neuer care for any marke at al t h ey
f
h ul d e do mu ch e better
fe
vn to wardn ef

with

'

E b: srb ulz at shooting

91

ux

Th e tro uth e i s , that faf

h i o n muche vfe d,
wo u l d e do muc h e good , but th is i s to be feared , l e aft
t h at waye c o ul d e n ot p ro u o k e men to vfe m uc h e
ih o ty n g , b y cau fe t h er fh ul de b e lytle p le afure i n i t
An d that i n fh o ti n g is befi e , yat p ro uo ke th a man to
vf
e f
h o ti n g e m o e : For muche vfe maketh men
fh o o te, b ot h e ro n g an d well , wh i c h e two th i n g e s in
f
h o o ti n ge, e uery man doet h defy re
An d th e c hy efe
m ay n tay n e r of vfe, in any thyng, i s c o m p ary fo n , and
h on ef
l e contention
For wh an a manne flry u eth to be
better t h an an o ther, he wy l l gl adly vfe t h at thing,
t h ough i t be n euer f0 p ay n ful w h erein h e wo ul d e
excell , wh i c h e thyn ge A ri fto tle very e p retely e doth
n ote , fay en g e
W h ere i s c o mparifo n , there is vi to ri e : A ri s to we ,
e d Th e
where i s vito ri e , there i s pl eafure
An d
where is p l eafure, n o man careth what labour or
payne he taketh , b y caufe of the prayfe, an d pl eafure,
t hat h e fh all haue, in d o y n ge b e tter t h an other m en
A gayn e , y o u knowe , H eo d us wry teth
H es i o i m p ,
to h y s brother P erfes, yat al c raftes men , c t d i e
by c on tending one h o n eftly wi th an other, d o en
tan ce
An d
c re af
e th ey r c un n yn g wit h th ey r fub f
t h e rf
o re in L ondon , and other great C ities , men o f
one c rafte, mofl e commonly, dwelle togyt h er, b y c aufe
i n h o n efl ftry uy n g to gy th er, who fh al l do be ll , e uery
one maye wax e both e cunnin g er an d ry c h er, fo lyke
h o o tyn g e, to mak e matches to ae m b l e
wyfe in f
arc h ers to gy th er, to contende wh o fh al l fh o o te b eft,
and winn e the game , en c reafeth ye vfe of fh o tyn ge
wonde rfully amo n ges men
O
f
yo
u
a
k
very
mu
ch
Toxophile
bu
t
f
e
e
e
p
19M
I a m fure i n a1 other matters, e
can do n othing ,
wy th o ute two other th i n ge s be i o y n ed wyth i t, one i s a
natural A p tn effe to a thin g e, th e other is a true waye
or k nowledge , howe to do the thing, to w h ic h ii y f
be i oy n ed , as th irde fel o we, of t h em thre , pro
e

e tn c f
fe and ex cell en c i e : I f a man ne
c e d e th p erf
c an
lacke th e rfl two, A p tn effe and C un n y n g, e
.

( Computi ng

92

do lytle good at all For he yat wo ul d e be an o rato ur

and i s n o th i n ge n aturally e tte for i t t h at i s to faye
lacketh a good wy tte and memorie lack e th a good
vo y c e c o u n ten au n c e and body an d ot h er fuc h e like
ye [
t] y fh e h ad all th efe th i n g es and kn ewe not w h at
h owe w h ere when nor to wh o m e he f
h ul d e fp eak e
furel y e th e vfe of fp ek y n g e wo ul de b ry n ge out
none oth er frute bu t playne fo lly e and b ab ly n g
fo yat e
i s th e la tt e an d the l eaft n ec c effary e of al l
th re
yet n o th ing can b e don e excellently wi th out
And th erfo re Toxop h ile I my felfe
th em a1 th re
h o o ti n g
b i c aufe I neuer kn ewe w h ether I was apte for f
or n o n or neuer kn ewe waye h owe I fh ul de l earn e to
h oo te : and fo I th i n k e ue
f
h o o te I haue n ot vfe d to f
h undred more in E n gl an d e do b efy d e me
And
furely e y fI kn e we t h at I were apte and yat you wo ul d e
t eac h m e h owe to f
h o o te I wo uld e become an arc h e r
and th e rath er b y caufe of th e good communication
th e
wh i c h e I h aue h ad with you th is daye of
.

f
h o ty n g

E ur A p tn effe, K n owl eg e, and e , e uen as you

faye , make all th i n ges p erfe te A p tn effe is th e fy rft
an d c h y efeft th i n ge, wit h out wh i c h e th e ot h er two d o
.

no good at all K nowledge doeth en c reafe a1 maner

of A p tn effe both e le ffe and more e fayth C icero
is farre abou e all teac h i n ge A n d th us t h ey all t h ree
mu fl e be h ad to d o any th i n ge very well and y f anye
one b e awaye what f0 euer is done is don e very e
fe i s ye gy f
meanly
A p tn e f
t e of nature K n o wl eg e
i s gotten by ye h elpe of oth er : e ly eth in our o wn e
dilige nce and labour S o that A p tn effe an d vfe be
ours an d wit h in vs th rough nature and labour : K now
ledge not ours bu t c o m myn ge by ot h er : an d th er
fore m o o ft d i ll i gen tly of all men to be fough t for
Howe th efe three th i n ges ftan d e with th e artillery of
En gl an d e a wo o rd e or twoo I will faye
All E n gl i fh e men general ly be apte for i h o ty n g
and h owe ? Lyke as th at gro un d e is plentiful ] an d
fruteful l wh i c h e wi th o ute any ty l ly n g e b ry n g e th o u t
.

s dJ uI e of

( Cb:

s hoot i ng

93

co m e as for exampl e y f a man fh o ul de go to th e

my l l or market wi t h co m e an d h appen to fpy l fome i n
th e waye yet it wolde take roo te an d gro we b y c au f
e
ye foyl e i s fo good fo E nglan d may be though t ve ry
h o o ters where
fru te ful l and apt to b ry n g e oute f
c h ild ren cuen from th e c rad ell loue i t : and yong
men wi thout any teac hy n g f0 d i l igen tly e vfe i t
A gay n e l yk ewy fe as a good g ro u n d e well ty l l ed an d
well h ufb an de d bringe th out great p l en ti e of b yg
eared co m e an d good to the faule : fo if th e y o u th e
of E n gl an de being apte of i t fel fe to fh o te were taugh t
and learned how to fh o te the Arc h ers of England
f
h ul d n ot be only a great deale ranker and mo then
t h ey be : bu t alfo a good deale bygg e t an d ftro n g er
Arch ers th en t h ey be
This c o mmo d i ti e fho uld e
fo l o we a l fo y f the youth of E n g lan d e were taugh t to
i h o te th at cu en as plowi ng of a good g ro u n d e for
wh eate dot h not onely make it mete for the feed e
but alfo ri ueth an d plucketh vp by th e rootes all
tl es bramble s an d we ed es wh i c h e gro we of th ey r
th i f
tru t i o n of bot h e com e an d
o wn e accorde to the d e f
u l d e the teach ing of yout h to
h
o f
u n d e : E u en f
r
o
g
fh o te not only mak e t h em fh o te well bu t alfo
h
t
e rootes all ot h er
by
d ef
l
uc k e awaye
y re to
p
ty m es as d i f
n o ug hty e p af
y n g e c ardy n g an d b o o u l
ing whic h with out any teaching are vfed euery
where to the great harme of all youth of thi s realm e
An d lyk ewi fe as b urn yn g of th i ftl es an d diligen t
weding them oute of the co m e doth n ot halfe
fo moche ryd them as wh en ye groun d i s fall oe d and
ti lle d for good grayn e as I hau e h e ard e many a good
h men t
h ufb an d man fay : cu en f0 n eith er hote p un i f
n or yet diligent fearc h i n g oute of fuche vn th ri fti n effe
by th e o fcers fh al fo th ro wly wede th efe vn grac i o us
games out of th e realm e as occu pying an d b ri n gy n g
t p altym e
h o ty n g e an d oth er h o n ef
vp youth i n f
Thirdly as a gro u n d e w h ic h i s apt for co m e and alfo
wel ti lled for co rn e : ye t i f a man let i t lye fti l an d d o
n ot oc c upy e i t iii or iiii y eare : bu t then wy l l fow i t
,

E uropb i l us

94

i f it be wh eate (fayth Colu mel la) it wil turn e into rye :

fo if a man be neuer fo apte to lh ote nor neuer fo wel
taugh t in h i s yout h to fh o te yet if h e gi ue it ouer
an d no t vfe to fh o te truly when he i al b e e yth er
compelled i n war ty me for his country fake or els
p ro u o k ed at h ome for his p l eafure fake to faule to h i s
bowe : h e fh al become of a fayre archer a ftark
fq
uy rter an d dribber
Therefore in fh o ty n ge as in
all oth er th i n ges t h ere can n eyth er be many in num
ber nor excellen t in d ede excepte th efe iii thy n ges
A p tn effe K nowledge and e
goo to gy th er
15b Very well fay d e Tox op hi le an d I p ro myfe you
I agree to t h is i udgem en t of yours al togy th e r an d
th erefore I can n ot a lytle maruayl e wh y E n gly ffh e
men b ry n ge no more helpe to fh o ty n ge t h en na ture
i t felfe gy ueth th em For you fe t h at e uen c h ildren
be put to th ey r o wn e fh ifte s in ih o tyn g h aui n g
n o th y n ge ta
u h te t h em : but t h at t h ey maye chofe
g
an d c h aunce to fh o o te ill rath er th en well vn
ap tly e fo n er t h en tly e vn to ward ly e more eafely t h en
wel f
auo u red ly e wh i c h e thy n g e c aufe th manye neuer
b egy n n e to fh o o te : and moo to l eaue i t of w h en t h ey
h aue begone an d m o o f
t of all to f
h o te bot h wo rfe and
weaker t h en th ey migh t i o te if t h ey were taugh t
But p erad uen ture fom e men wy l l faye t h at wy th
vf
e of
i oo ty n g e a man f
h o o te true i t
h al l l earn e to f
i s h e fh al l l earn e but w h at th al h e l earn e ? marye to
fh o o te n oug h tly
For all e
in all thy n g es y fi t be
n ot ftay ed wit h C u n n y n g wy l l veri e eafe ly b ry n ge a
man to do yat th y n ge w h at fo euer h e goeth aboute
wi th m uc h e i l lfau o redn es an d d efo rmi ti e
W h ic h th i n ge h o w much h arme it doth i n learn
ing both C raffus ex cell en ci e dothe proue in
D O at I
T ull i e and I my fel fe hau e exp eri en s in my
lytle i o o ty n g
An d th erfo re Toxop h ile you muft
nedes graunt me th at eth er E n gl i fh e men do i l in n ot
i o y n yn g K n o wl ege of fh o o ti n g to e
or els th ere is
n o k n o wl ege or c un n i nge which can be gath ered of
,

f
h oo ti n g

of

EH) : but:

shooti ng

95

E ur Learn yn g to fh o o te is lytle regarded i n E n g

.

land for t h is c o n frde rati o n b y c aufe men be fo apte

by nature t h ey h a u e a greate redy fo rwardn effe and
wil to vfe i t al t h ough n o man teac h e them a1 th o ug h e
n o man h y d them an d fo of th ey r o wn e co rage t h ey
runne h e dly n ge on i t and fh o o te t h ey ill fh o te th e y
well greate hede t h ey take n ot And i n veri e dede
A p tn ee wi th e
may do fum wh at wi thou t K n o w
lege but n ot the tenthe parte if fo be they were
i o yn ed with k n o wl eg e
Why c h e t h re th y n g es be fe perate as you fe n ot of
th ey r o wn e kynde but throug h the n egligence of men
An d w h ere
wh y c h e coupleth them n ot to gy th er
ye d o ub te whether there can b e gadered any
k n o wl eg e or arte i n fh o o ty n g or n o furel y I th yn k e
t h at a man bein g wel ex erc i fe d i n i t an d fum what
h o n eftl y lear ned wit h all my gh t fo o n e with diligent
h oot
ob f
e ruyn g e an d m ark y n g e th e h ole nature of f
yu ge nd out as it were an Arte of i t as Art es in
o ther matters haue ben e fo un d e oute afore feyn ge
that ih o o ty n g ftan deth by th o fe thi n ges which maye
both be tho ro wly e p erc eued and p e rtly kn o wen
an d fuche t h at neuer fai le s bu t b e euer c ertayn e
t p erfe t en de as (11 0 0 a
b el o n gyn g e to one m oo f
ftre igh t an d k ep i n g of a lengt h bring a man to h i t
the marke ye chefe end i n i h o o ty n g : w h ich two
th y n g e s a man may attain e vn to by di ligent vf
y n ge
an d well h an d lyn g e th o fe i n ftrum en te s w h ich belong
Th erfo re I can n ot fee bu t t h ere liet h
vn to them
hyd i n th e natu re of S h oo tyn ge an Arte wh i c h e by
e d in
eruyn ge of him t h at i s e x erc i f
n o ty n ge an d o b f
it yf h e be any t h yn g l earned at al maye be taught
to the greate fo rd eraun c e of Artill ari e t h rough out al
t h is R eal me An d trewl y e I m erue l l gre tely e t h at
E n g ly ffh e men wo ul d e neuer yet feke for th e Arte
of fh oo tyn g e fei n g e they be fo apte vn to i t fo p ray fe d
of there fren d e s fo feared o f t h ere enne
V g ti
myes for it V egeti us wo ul d e h aue may
fle rs appointed wh y ch e fh o ul de teache y o uth e to
,

'

us

fh o o te faire L eo th e E mp e ro ur of Rome ,
Le o 6 5
th e we th th e fame c uf
to m e , to hau e bene
t ye olde R o m ayn es : why ch c utt o m e
al way e s am o n g ef
of teac h yn g youth to fh o o te (fayth e he) after it was
omitted , and litle hede taken of, brough t th e hole
S c/zol a P er/2m ,
E mpire of Rome , to grete Ruine
th at i s th e S cole of th e P erti an s, ap
5 mm
poynted to b ry n ge vp y o uth e, while s
t h ey were xx yeres olde i n th o o ti n g, is as
notably k n o wn e in H i tt o ri es as the I mp i re of ye
P eran s : wh y c h tob ole , as doth apere i n C orn elius
Taci tus , as to n e as they gaue o uer and fell
Co r Tac 2
to oth er idle p afti mes , brough t bothe th em
an d ye Parth ians vn d er ye fub i eti o n of th e Romaines
Plato would h aue common mai fters and
De l e g 7
h o o te,
tti p e n de s , for to teac h e y o uth e to f
and for the fame purp o fe h e would hau e ab ro d e
fey l d e nere euery C i ti e, made common for m en to vfe
f
h o ty n g in , wh y c h e tayeng the more reafo n ab l y it is
fp o ken of Plato, th e more vn reafo n ab l e i s th ey r dede
wh i c h e wo ul de di tch e vp th o fe fe el d es p ri uatly for
ther o wn e p ro fy t, wh y ch e ly eth open gen erally e for
th e common vfe : men by fuche goodes b e made
ay eth Tull i e
Yf men can b e
ry c h er not h one tt er f
f
h
rf
to
haue
o o ty n g e taugh te , t h is
w
a
d
e
d
e
p
D e O
i 2
au th o ri ti e wh y c h e fo l o we th will p erfwad e
them , or els none , and that is as I haue ones fay d e
b efore, of K y n g e Dauy d, wh o fe fyrfte a ct e an d ordi
na
un ce was after he was ky n g e t h at all I ud ea th o ul d
l earn e to f
h o o te
Yff
h o ty n g could fp eak e, th e wou ld
ac c ufe E ngland of vn kyn d n etfe and tl o uth ful n etfe, of
vn kyn d n etfe toward h er b y c auf
t to a
e th e b eyn g le f
lytle b l yn d vfe, lackes her be tt mai n ten er w h ich i s
o u th f
ul n etfe towarde th ey r o wn e f
elf
e,
cun n y n g e : of
b y c aufe th ey are conten t wy th that wh y c h ap tn effe and
h o o ty n ge , and wy l feke for
vf
e doth graunt t h em in f
n o k n o wl ege as ot h er noble common wel th es h aue
done : and th e i uftl i er fh o o tyn ge mygh t make t hys
c o mp l a
y n t, fey n g e that o ffence and weapon s t h ere i s
.

'

Eb : but: at t buuttng

97

m ade an Arte , a thyng i n no wyte to be c ompared to

f
h oo ty n g e

For of fence all m o ott e i n euery e town e t h ere

i s not onely Ma tters to teac h e i t wyth h is Pro
ers S c h o lers an d ot h er names of arte and
u o tt es t
S c h o l e b ut there hath not fay l d al to wh y c h e bat h e
diligently an d wel l fauo uredly written i t an d is fet out
in Printe th at e uery man maye rede it
W h at d ifc o mmo d i ti e doeth comme by th e lacke of
kn o wl ege in fh o o ty n g e it were ouer longe to reh e arce
For manye that haue bene apte an d loued th o o ty n ge
b y cau fe t h ey k n ewe not wh y c h e way to h o uld e to
comme to th o o ty n g e hau e cleane to urn ed the m fel ues
from fh o o ty n g e
An d I maye telle you Philologe the lacke of teach
yu ge to fh o o te i n E n gl an de c aufe th very manye
men to playe with th e kyn g es A t es as a man dy d
o nes ey th er with the M ayre of London or Yorke
I can n ot te l wheth er wh i c h e dy d c o m maun d by
p roclamati on e uery e man in the C i ti e to hange a
lan tern e wyt h a candell afore his dore : whi c h e
thy n g e the ma n dy d but h e dy d no t lygh t i t : An d to
man y bye bowes b i caufe of the acte b ut yet they
th o te n ot : not of euy ll wy ll but b y caufe they knowe
not h owe to fh o o te But to conclude of thi s matter
i n fh o ti n g as i n all o ther thy n ges Ap ten etfe
Ap t
i s the fy rtte an d c h y efe thy n ge wh i c h e if i t
b e awaye n ey th er C un n y n g e or e doeth anye good
at all as th e S c o ttes and P raunce men wy th know
ledge an d e
of fh o o tyn ge fh all becom e good
h all make a
A rc h ers whan a c un n y n g e th yp wrigh t f
f
tro n g e th yp pe of a Sal o we tree or wh an a h u tband
o wy n g wheat on N ew
nt an th all b ec o m ry c h e wy th f
market heath
Cu n n yn ge mu fte b e had
C
y ge
b o l he to fet ou t and amende N atu re and
alfo to o ue rfee and c o rre t e vfe : which vfe y f i t be
hall fooner go
n ot led an d g o uern ed wy th c un n yn g f
ami tfe than ttray gh t
Vte make th p e rtn ef
fe in doinge t h at thyn ge
,

n esse

unn

E uropb nd

98

wh ervn to
maketh a

a
.

nature make th a man apte an d kn o wl ege

man c un n i n g e before S o yat i t i s not f0
doubtful w h ich of t h em t h ree h ath m o o ft ftro ke i n
f
h o ti n g as i t is playne and eui d en t t h at all t h re mu tt
be h ad in excellent fh o o ty n ge

ght For t h is c o mm un i cac i o n Toxophile I am very

glad an d yat for myn o wn e fake b i c au fe I trutt now
to become a fh o ter And i n dede I th ough t a fore
E n gl i f
h men mo tt apte for f
h o ti n g an d I fawe t h e m
d ay el y e vfe fh o ty n g but yet I neuer fo un d e none t h at
wo ul d e talke of anye k n o wl eg e wh ereby a man mig h t
come to th o ty n ge Th e rfo re I trutt th at you by th e
vf
e you h au e h ad i n f
h o ti n g h aue to th o ro wl y marked
an d noted th e nature of i t t h at you can teac h e m e as
i t were by a trade or waye h o w to come to it
@301 I graun te I haue vfe d fh o o ti n ge m eetly well
that I myg h t h aue marked i t wel y n o ugh e yf I h ad
bene diligent But my much fh ooty n ge hath can ted
m e ftud i e li tle to th at t h ereby I lacke l earn y n g e
h u l d e fet out th e Arte or waye in any th y n g e
why c h f
And you knowe th at I was n euer to well fen e in th e
P o tteri o rum s of A ri tto tle as to i n u en t an d fearc h e ou t
gen e ral D em o n ftrati on s for th e fetting fort h of any newe
Yet by my tro th e y fyou wy l l I wy l l goe with
S cien ce
you into th e feal d e s at any ty m e and tel you as much as
I can or els you maye ttan d e fome ty m e at the p ri c kes
and l o o k e on t h em w h ich th oo te be tt and fo l earn e
iBbt H owe lytle you haue looked of A ri tto tl e and
how much e l earn yn g e you h aue lo ft by th o ty n g e I c an
n ot tell but t h is I wo ul de faye an d y f I loued y o u
n euer fo ill t h at you haue bene o c c upy e d i n fumwh at
els b efy d e th o ty n g e But to our p urp o fe as I wy ll
u y re a trade in f
n ot req
h o ti n g e to be taugh t me afte r
th e fu ttel ty e of A ri tto tl e e uen to do I not agre wy t h
you in t h is poyn t t h at y o u wold h aue m e l earn e to
f
h o o te with l o ky n g on t h em w h ic h fh o o te be tt for to
I knowe I fh o u l d neuer come to th o te m ean ely e Fo r
in fh o ty n g as in all oth er th yn g es w h ich b e gotte n by
teac hy n g e th ere mu tt be t hewed a waye an d a p at h
,

,
.

( the

m r at shu t i
o e

ng

99

w h ich fh al l eade a man to ye b e tt an d c hei e ft po in t

wh i c h e i s in f
h o o ty n ge wh i c h e yo u do marke yo ure
fe lfe well y n o ug h and vttered i t alfo i n your c o m
m u n i c ati o n w h en you fay d e t h ere laye h y d in ye
na ture of th o o ty n g a c ertayn e waye why c h wel per
c ey ue d an d th o ro wly e k n o wen
wo u l d e brin g a man
wy th o ut any wan d e ry n g to ye be tte en de i n f
h o ty n g
why c h you called hitting of the pricke
Th erfo re I
wou ld r e fer all my fh o o ti n ge to t hat ende w h ich i s
be tt an d to th ul d I come th e fo n er to to me mean e
T h at wh i c h e i s b eft hath n o faulte n or can not be
amended S o th e w to me h eft fh o o ty n ge not the be tte
fh o ter which y f h e b e neuer fo good yet hath he
many a faulte eafely e of an y man to b e e fpy ed And
uy re to f
th erf
o re me ru el l not yf I re q
o l o we t h at ex
ample wh y c h is wi thou t faulte rather than that w h ich
h ath fo manye faul tes
An d t h ys waye euery wy fe
man doth fo l o w i n teach y n g e any maner of thy n g e
As A ri fto tl e w h en h e teac h et h a man to be good h e
fette s n ot before b y m S ocrate s lyte why c h e was ye be tt
man but c h i efe g o o d n effe i t fel fe ac c o rdyn g e to why ch
h e would haue a man dire ct e his ly fe
uyre of m e P /zzl ol o t
T h is waye which you req
g
i s to h ard for me an d to hye for afh o o terto tan lke on
an d taken as I fupp o fe out of the midd es of P h i lo fo
p h ie to tereh e out the p erte ende of any thyng ye
w h ic h p erte en de to tyn de ou t fayth Tu lli e i s the
h ardett th yn ge in the wo rl de the onely
d Em
fy o n an d caufe why to many fe tes of
oc c a
And
P h i l o fo ph ers bath e ben e al way fe i n l earn yn ge
al th o ugh e as C icero faith a man maye y magi n e and
d reame in his myn d e o f a p erte ende in any thyn ge
yet there is no experi ence n or vfe of i t n or was n euer
fen e yet amo n g es men as alway e s to beale th e fy ck e
euer m ore to l eade a th yp p e without d aun ger at al
ti mes to hit the p ri ck : th all no P hyc i o n n o fhyp
matter n o tho ter e uer do An d Ari tto t e faith that in
al l dead es there are two poin tes to e m
u
w
marked p o tti b i li ti e an d ex cellen c i e bu t

'

'

'

'

'

us g
E uraph

roo

c h ef
el y

man mu tt fo lo we and laye han d on p o f

Th erfo re fey n g th at
b i li ti e for feare h e leafe both e
which i s mo o ft perfe ct an d be tt in th o o ty n g as al way es
to hit ye pricke , was neuer fen e nor h ard tel on yet
am o n g es men b ut o n el y e y m agi n ed and t h ough t vp o n
in a man hi s my n de me th i n c k this i s th e wi feft coun
fel an d be tt for vs to fo l o w rath er that which a man
maye come to th an yat wh y ch e i s vn p o fli b l e to b e
attained to le fte i uf
tely th at tayeng of ye wy fe mayde
I fme n e in S ophocles maye b e veri fy ed on vs
awife

1 0 ! take: i n k aml e he can n ot emi t

s oph Am
fool : It :
W
f
ell
i
h
y the p erte ende of other matters , had

g
bene as p ertly e k n o wn e, as th e p erte ende of
th o ty n g e is, t h ere had neuer bene to manye fe tes of
P h i l o fo ph ers as there be , for in fh o ti n g bot h man an d
boye is in one opinion , that al way es to h i t th e pry c k is
m o o fte p erfe te end t h at can be i magy n ed , to that we

Bu t
t hall not n ede g retly contend i n t h is matter
n ow f
i r, whereas you th yn k e yat a man in learning to
fh o o te or any th yng els , fh ul d rather wy fely e fo l o w
li b i l i ti e, t h an vainly feke for p erte ex ce ll e n c i e,
p of
furel y e I wy l proue yat euery wyte man, yat wifely
wold l earn e an y t h yng, ral chiey go aboute yat
An d
wh erevn to h e knoweth wel he fh al neuer come
you youre fel fe I fup po fe th al c o n feffe ye fame to b e
ye be tt way in teac hyn g, yf you wy l an fwere me to
th o f
e th i n ges wh y c h I wy l atk e of you
And yat I wy l gladly e , both b y c aufe I thy n k e
it i s vn p o tii b l e for you to proue i t , and alfo b y caufe I
d efi re to h ere w h at you can faye in it
h
T
t
t
u
di
e
of
a
good
h
t
i c i o n Toxoph i le , I trow
e
P
i
h

g
y
be to kno w a1 d i feafes and a1 medicines t for th em
01 0x I t is to i n dede
g ht Ricau te I fupp o fe he would gladly at al tymes
b eale a1 d i feafes of a1 men
Ye truely
g ht A good p urp o fe furely, but was ther euer
rc i o n yet am ong to man y why c h e h a
d labo ured
phy f
.

m) : s a
i nt:

at shuntin g

i n thys ftudy , that at al time s

c o ul de

h eale all

d ife afes

(Ear N o trewl y ; n o r I th yn ck e neuer th al b e

g ht T han P hyc i o n s by lyk e, ttu d i e for yat,
wh i c h e n on e of them c o mmeth vn to
Bu t in lear n
ing of fence I pray you what i s yat whic h men m oo ft
.

labor for P
That they may hit a nother I trow an d neuer
take blo w th ey r felfe
g ht You fay tro the and I am fure euery one o f
them w ould fain e do to when fo euer h e p lay e th e But
was there euer any of the m to conning yet, which at
on e ty me or oth er hath n ot be [
n ] touc h ed
Eli ot Th e be tt of t h em all i s g lad fo mty me to
cap e with a blowe
ef

ghil T h an i n fence alto , men are taugh t to go

aboute that th ing wh i c h e th e be tt of them all kn ow
eth e he fh al l n euer attay n e vn to M o reo uer y ou that
b e th o ters I pray you w h at meane you whan ye
take to greate h eade to k epe youre ttan dy n ge to
f
h o o te compatte to l o o ke on you r mark e to diligently,
to ca tt vp graffe d i u erfe tymes an d oth er th i n ges
more you kn ow better t h an I W h at would you do
than I pray you
ax H it ye marke y fwe could

ghi l And doth eu ery man go about to hi t the

m arke at eu ery fh o o te
@3031 By my tro th e I trow to and as for my felfe
I am fure I do
l
tymes
a
But
men
do
n
ot
hit
i
t
at
a
1
l
i

gh
QI ar N o trewl y e for t h at were a wonder

ghiI Can any man h i t it at all tymes ?

N o man veri li e
a
l
w
a
h
i
es i s
Than
by
likely
to
t
the
pricke
l
i
y

gh
vn p o tl i b l e
Fo r that i s calle d vn p o tli b l e wh vc h i s i n
n o man hi s p ower to d o
V n p o fifb l e i n dede
m
a
But
to
w
d
e
and
far
of
the
arke
i
s
f
h
o
o
t
e
il

gh
y
.

thy n ge

p o tfy b l e

ro z

us g
nph
l tur
.

'

at N o man wyll denie th at

ghiI But yet to hit the marke

al way fe

w re an
e

excell ent th yng

E xcellent furel i e

ghi l Th an I am fure th o fe be wi fer men which

c o ue te t o f
h o o te wyde th an th o fe whi ch e co n ete to hit
.

th e p ry c k e
E ar Wh y to
.

I pray you

ghiI B ec aufe to fh o te wyde i s a thyn ge p ottyb l e

and th erfore a s you fay e youre fel fe of euery wy te
man to be fo l owed And as for h i tti n ge ye prick
b y cau fe i t i s vn p o tli b l e it were a vaine th y n g e to go
aboute it b ut in good fadn etfe Toxop /zzle th us you fe
th at a man migh t go th rogh e all c raftes and fc i en c es
an d prou e that anye man i n his fc i en c e coueteth that
w h ich h e fh al n euer gette
By my tro uth (as you faye ) I can not d en y e
but t h ey do fo but why an d wh erfo re t h ey fhul de do
to I ca n not l earn e

ghiIa I wy l l tell you euery e c rafte and fc i en ce

f
tan d eth in two th yn ge s i n K no wing of h i s c rafte an d
Worki n g of h i s c rafte For p erfy te kn o wl ege bringeth
a man to p erfy te worky n g Th is kn owe Pay nters
karu ers Tay l o urs fh o mak ers and all o ther c raftes
men to b e true N owe in euery c rafte there is a
per ti te ex c el l en c i e w h ich may be better k n o wen in a
mannes my n d e then fo l o wed in a mannes dede T h i s
p erfy te n effe b y caufe it i s generally layed as a brode
wy de example afore a1 men n o one p arti c ul er m an
i s able to c o mp atfe it and as it is generall to al men
to i t i s p erp etuall for al time wh i c h e p ro u eth it a
th y n g e for man vn p o tti b l e : although not for th e c a
f
urely e
a
c
i
i
i
n
l
t
of
our
is
yet
e
t
h
i
n
k
n
w
h
c
h
e
h
a
u
e
e
p
y
y g
for th e h ab i li ti e of our wo rkyn g wh y c h e i s wo rl dl y e
God gy ueth n o t full p erfy ten etfe to one man (fayth
Tull i e) left if one man h ad all in any one
D I
fc i en c e th er fh o ul d e b e n o th y n g lefte for
an oth er
Yet Go d fuffereth vs to hau e th e p erfvt
knowledge of it that tuch a knowledge di l ligen t l y
.

'

e.

n ue n 2

E h: halt

o fS

hmmg

ro 3

as a man do th
labour p erfy te wo o rkyn g An d who is h e that in
l earn y n ge to wryt e wo u l de fortake an excellent ex
ample and fo lo we a worte
Th erfo re feing p e rfy ten etl e i t felfe i s an example for
vs le t euery e man ttud y e howe h e maye come nye i t
w h ich i s a poynt of wy fdo m e not reafo n with God
why h e may n ot atta i ne vu to it w h ich i s vayne
fo l o wed,

acc o rdy n g

might bring forth

'

r
ti e
c uro f

01

S urely

this i s gaily faid P h i lologe but yet this

one th i n ge I am afrai d e of l e ft t h is p ertn ette w h ic h
you fp eke on will d i fc o urag e men to take any thy n ge
i n hande b y caufe afore they begi n they know th ey
fhal n euer C ome to an ende
An d thus d i fpayre fh al l
d i fp atc h e cuen at th e fy rtte en try n g e in many a good
man h i s p urp o fe an d intente And I th i n k e bot h you
your fel fe and a1 ot h er m en to wo ul d e co un te i t mere
folie for a man to tell b y m wh o me he teach et h t h at
he fh al n e uer Op tai n e that wh y c h e h e would tai n e tt
l earn e
And th erfo re t h i s tame hygh e an d p erte
waye of teac hyn g let vs l e ue it to hy gher matters an d
as for fh oo ty n g e it fh alb e content with a mean er
waye well yn o ug h e

ghi W h ere a; y o u faye yat this h y e p ertn ette wi ll

h all neuer
d i fc o rag e men b y cau fe t h ey knowe they f
attayn e vn to i t I am ture cleane con trarie t h ere is
n o th y n g e i n th e worl d th all i n c o u ra e men more th an
g
i t An d why e ? Fo r where a man feith t h at though
a nother man be neuer to ex cellente yet i t i s p o tli b l e
for hy m fel fe to b e better wh at payn e or labour wy l
t h at man refu te to take ? yf th e game be c u te wonn e
n o man wy l fet forth hys foote to ron ne
An d t h us
p e rtn ea b eyn ge to h ygh e a th yn ge t h at men maye
l o o k e at it not come to it an d b ey n g e to p l en ti ful l
and i u d i tferen t to eu ery e b o dy e that the p l e n ti ful n ette
of it may p ro uo k e al l m en to labor b y c aufe i t h ath
y n o ugh e for all men th e i n d i ere n c y e of it th al l e n
courage e ue ry e on e to tak e more pain e t h an h y s fel
lowe b y c aufe e ue rye man i s rewarded ac co rdyn g to h i s
.

E uyuphil us g

xc 4

nye c ommyn g and yet why ch i s motte meru el of a] ,

ye more men take of i t the more t h ey l eue b eh y n d for
o th er as S ocrates dy d in wy f
do m e and C icero in el o
quen s wh ereby oth er hath n o t l acked but b athe fare d
a greate deele ye better An d t h us p ertn efte it tel te
b y caufe i t i s neuer o b teyn ed eu en th erfo re only doth
i t caufe to many men to be to well fene an d p erte in
many mat ters as t h ey b e But where as you thyn ke
yat i t were fo n dn ette to teach e a man to fh o o te in
l o ky n g at the mo tt p ertn ette i n it, bu t rather wo u l de
haue a mann e go to me oth er way to wo rke I trutt no
wyte man wy l d i fc o m en d th at way except he th i n ck e
hi mfel fe wy ter t h an Tull y e wh i c h e doeth p l ay n ly e faye ,
that y f he teached any maner of c rafte
D Orat 3
as h e dy d R h etori ke he would labor to
t p ert
b ringe a m an to the kn owl ege of the m oo f
ne tte of it why ch e kn o wl eg e th o ul d euer more leade
and gy de a m anne to do t h at thy n ge wel ] whi ch e he
went aboute Why ch waye in a] man er of l earn y n g
to be be tt Plato dot he alto declare in E uthy d em us,
of wh om e Tull i e learned it as he dy d man y other
th y n ges mo
An d t h u s you te Toxoph ile by what
reaf
o n s and by wh o f
e auth o ri ti e I do require of you
thi s waye i n teach yn ge m e to fh o o te w h ich waye I
praye you wi th oute any more d el ay e th ew m e as far
fort h as you hau e n oted an d marked
You ca] me to a thyn g Philologe which I am
lot h e to do
And yet y f I do i t n ot beinge bu t a
n ale matter as you thy n k e you wyll lacke fren deth yp p
in m e y f I take i t in hande an d n o t brin g i t to pa tte
as you wo ulde haue i t, you mygh te thyn ck e great want
o fwy f
d o m e i n me
Bu t aduyte you fei n g y e wyll nedes hau e it to th e
b lame fh al b e yours as well as myn e : yours for
p utty n g e vp o n me to i n ttaun tl y e myne in rec ey uyn ge
to fon dly a greater burthen then I am able to beare
Th erfo re I , more wyl lyn g e to fulf
l
l
your
m
n d e than
y
y
h op yn g to ac comp l yth t h at which you loke for th all
fp eak e of it not as a ma tter of th o ty n g e but as one not
,

at) :

s hooti n g
th o ty n ge
A n d one
at

:0 5

al togyth er i gn o raun t i n
thy n ge I
am glad of, the tu u n e d rawi n ge down e to fatt
i nto the we tt; thall compell m e to drawe a p ac e
to the ende of our matter, to that hi s d arkn etl e th al l
to methyn g cl oke myne i gn o rau n c e An d b y caufe
r
n ge ofa matter be tt er
kn
owe
the
r
u
o
d
e
o
y
y
then I : A fk e me g en eral ly e of it, an d I
f
h al l p articularly anfwere to i t
g ht
.

'

Very g ladly Toxophile z for to

by ordre , th ofe th yn ges
.

wh i ch e I

woul d e
knowe , you fhal
tell th e b et
ter : an d
th o f
e
thyn g es
whi ch e y ou ( hal l tell, I
(h al l remembre
th e better
.

t he s rhutc

1 06

of

s ho tgun

T H E S E CO N D E
fc h o l e

th e

tIaI

B OO K E

h o ty n
o ff

OF

Wh at is the c h eyfe p oyn te in fh o o ty n ge

manne labouret h to come to ?

max To b y t th e marke
g ht H owe manye thyn g es are required
to make a man euer m ore b y t the marke ?
ax Twoo
g ht Wh i c h e twoo P
afar S h o ti n g e ttrey gh t an d k epy n ge of a l en gthe
g ht] H owe fh o uld e a mann e fh oo te tt raygh t and
howe fh ul d e a man kepe a length ?
I n k n o wy ng e an d h auyn ge thin ges b el o n gyn ge
to th o o ty n g : an d w h an they be kn o wen and h ad in
well h an d ly n g e of th em : w h ereof to m e belong to
f
h o tyn g ttray gh t to m e to k ep i n g of a lengt h to m e
commonly to t h em both e as th al l be tolde feueral ly
of th em in place co n u en i en t
g ht Th yn ges b el on gyn g to fh o ty ng why ch e be
they ?
Eli ot All th i n g es be o utwarde an d tome be i n tt r u
that

eu ery e

( the s rhulz at shoot i n g

:0 7

men tes for e uery tere archer to b ry n g e wi th him

proper for h i s ow h e vfe : o ther thy n g es be generall to
e uer man as the place an d t m e f
eru e th
y
y
g ht Which b e i n ttrum en te s P
afar Bracer tho tyn gg l o u e ftryn g b owe an d thatte
g ht Wh i c h e b e gen eral to all men P
The we ther and the mark e yet the marke i s
euer y u der th e rul e of th e wether
ht Wh eri n ftan deth w ell h an dlyn g e of th yn ges P
ux Al l togy th er wy th i n a man hi m tel te tome
h an d lyn g e i s proper to i n ftrum en tes tom e to the
wether tomme to the marke tome i s wi thin a man
'

g ht What h an dly n g i s proper to

.

th e I n ttrum en tes ?

S tan dyn ge , n o c k y n g, d rawy n g, h o l dy n g , low

n g, wh erb y c o mmeth fayre th o tyn g e, wh i ch e n eyth er
belong to wy n de n or wet h er, nor yet to the marke, for
in a rayn e an d at n o marke, a man may th ote a fayre
fh oo te
g ht Well tay d e, w hat h an dlyn ge belon ge th to th e
wet h er ?
ax K n o wy n g of hi s wyn d e, wi th b y m, agayn tt
b ym, tyde wynd , ful tyde wind , tyde wy n d e quarter
wi th hi m, tyd e wy n de quarter agayn tte b ym, an d to
.

forth e
g ht Well than go to, what h an dlyn ge b el ongeth to
th e m ark e P
ax To mark e hi s ttan dy n g to th o te c om p atl e to
draw euermo re lyke to l o wte e ue rm o re lyk e to con
ty d er the na ture of th e pricke in h y l l es an d dales in
ttrayt e plan es an d winding places an d alto to etpy h i s
marke
g ht Very well done An d w h at i s on ely within a
man b ym felfe P
Good h eed e gyuyn g e an d auoy dyn ge al l
atteti o n s : wh i ch e th y n g e s o ften ty m es do marre an d
mak e all An d the te th yn g es fp o k en of me gen erally
an d b re fely y t t h ey be we ] kn o wen h ad , and h andled
,

'

aphus
E ur

:0 8

38

th all b ryn ge a man to fuche f

h o oty n g e, as te we or no n e
euer yet came vn to, but turel y yf h e mi tte in any on e
of th em , he can n euer b y t th e marke , and in th e more
h e doth mi tte , the farth er he th o teth from hi s marke
But as in all oth er matters th e fyrtt fleppe or ttay re to
b e good , i s to know a mannes faul te , an d t h an to
amende it , and he that wy l not knowe h i s faulte , th al ]
.

euer amende i t
g ht You fpeake n ow Toxoph ile enen as I wol d
haue you to fp eak e But lette vs return e agay n e vn to
o ur matter an d th o te th y n g es wh y c h e you h aue packed
vp in to th o rte a ro um e we wy l ] l o wte t h em forth e
and take e uery py ec e as it were in our h ande and l o ok e
more n aro wly e vp on i t
I am content but we wyl l ry dde th em as fatt
as we can b y caufe th e fun n e goet h to fatte down e an d
yet to mewh at m u fle n eedes b e fay de of euery e on e of
th em
g ht Well fay de and I trowe we b egann e wy th
th o f
e th y n g es wh i ch e b e i n ttrum en tes
wh ereof th e
fy rtte as I fupp o fe was th e B rater
Q1303; Litle is to b e fayd of the b rafer A bracer
feru eth for two can tes on e to faue his arme from th e
ttry p e of the ttry n g e an d hi s doublet from wearyn g e,
an d the oth er is t h at th e ttry n ge gl y dyn g e th arp ely e
and q
ui c kly e of th e bracer may make th e th arp er
f
h o o te
For if th e ttryn g e th o ul d e l ygh t vp on th e bare
tl eu e th e ttren gth e of th e fh o o te f
h o ul d e tt o p p e and dye
th ere
But i t is be tt by my i udg em en te to gyn e th e
bowe to much e b ent th at the ttry n g e neede neuer touch e
a mannes arm e and to fh o ul d e a man nede no bracer
as I kno we manye good Archers wh i c h e o c c upy e none
I n a bracer a man mutte take hede o f iii thi n g es yat i t
haue n o n ay l es in i t t h at i t haue n o b ucles t h at it b e
fatt on with laces wy th o ut agg l ette s For th e n ay l es
wy ll th ere in funder a mannes ttri n g before he be ware
an d to p ut h i s bowe in i eo p erdy : Buckles and aggl ettes
at vn wares thall race h y s bowe , a thi n g e both e euyl l to
th e ty gh te and perilous for f
reaty n ge
And t h us a
n

t he inhale at shoot i ng

:0 9

Bracer i s onely had for this p urp o fe, that the ttryn ge
maye haue redye p affage
B hi I n my Bracer I am c un ny n g yn o ugh bu t what
faye yo u of th e th o o ty n g gl o ue
ux A fh o o ty n ge C loue is ch i ey e for to tau e a
mann es fy n g ers from h urty n ge t h at h e maye be able
to beare th e th arp e ttry n g to the vtterm o tt of hi s
ttren gth e
An d w h an a man fh o o teth t h e might o f
hi s fh o o te l y eth e on th e fo rmo o tte fy n g er an d on th e
Ringman for th e myddle fy n g er wh i c h e is the l o n gett
lyke a lubber ttart e th backe and beareth n o wey ghte
o f the ttryn ge in aman er at all th erfo re the two other
fy n g ers m utte hau e thicker l eth er an d that mutte h aue
th i c ke tt of all where o n a man l o wte th mo tte and for
ture l o wtyn g the fo rm o tte n g er i s m o tt e apte b y c aufe
i t holdeth be tt and for yat p urp o fe nature hat h as a
man woul de taye yock ed it wi th the th o umb e Ledder
if i t b e n exte a mans tk y n n e wy l tweat waxe h ard an d
chafe therefore te arle t for the to ftn es of i t and t h ick
n e tte wy th all i s good to tewe wy thi n a mann es gl o ue
I f that wy ll e n o t ferue but yet youre nger h u rteth
you mutte take a teary n g e c loth made of n e virgi n
waxe an d D eres tewe t an d put n exte your fy n ger and
to on wy th youre gl o ue
I f yet you fel e your fy n ge r
pin ched l eau e th o o tyn g both b ec aufe than you fh all
f
h o o te nought and agay n by litle an d lytle h urty n ge
your nger ye th all make it longe an d longe to or you
f
h o o te agay n e
A newe g l o u e p l uckes many th o o tes
b y c aufe th e ttri n g e goeth n o t freely e of an d therefore
th e ngers m u tte be cu t th o rte an d trimmed w ith tome
ointm ent that the ttri n g maye gly d wel awaye S ome
wy th h o ldyn ge i n th e n ock e of th eyr thatte too harde
rub th e tky n of there ngers For thi s t h ere be ii
re medy es
u ll f
on e to hau e a go ofe q
p l e tty d and
y
tewed ag ai n tte th e n o c kyn ge betwi x t the l i ning an d
h oo te mu ch e to
th e ledder , wh y ch e th al l h elp e the f
th e o ther waye i s to haue to m e roul e o f ledder tewed
b etw i xt hi s ngers at the fetting o n of the ngers
which th al l kepe h is ngers to in fun der that th ey
,

( turuy hus B
'

1 to

Th e
th al n o t hold th e nock to fa tt as they did
th o o ty n g g l o u e h at h a p urte wh y c h th all feru e to put
ne linen cloth an d wax in , twoo n ec ettary thy n g es for
a fh o o ter, tome men vte gl o ues or ot h er fuc h e lyke t h yng
on t h eir bow h and for c h afy n g, b ec aufe t h ey h o ul d e to
harde But th at c o m m eth c o mm o n ly e, w h en a bowe
uare , ne wax e th all do
i s n ot rou n de , but fo mewh at tq
very e well in tuch a c af
e to laye where a man holdet h
h i s bow : and t h us much e as c o n c ern y n g e your gl o ue
An d t h e te th y n ges al th o ugh e th ey b e tri e s, yet b y c aufe
you b e but a yonge fh o ter, I wo ulde no t lene t h em out
f
f
t
l
t
t
h
m
e
a
ure : Th e
An
d
you
al
do
me
o
o
o
t
p
g h
.

ttri n g

I trow be
Th e

th e n ext

i n dede A thing th ough i t be

lytl e yet n ot a litle to b e regarded B ut
S tri g
here in you mutte be contente to put yo u re
An d turely tt ri n g ers ough t
trutt e in h one tt tt ri n g ers
more diligently to b e looked Vp o n by the o fcers t h an
eth er bower or etc h er b y c au fe t h ey may d ec ey ue a
a mpl e man the more eafe ly er And ill ttri n g e
b rek eth e many a good bowe nor n o other th y n g e halfe
to many
In warre if a ttri n g breke the man i s lo tte
and is no man for h i s weapon is gon e and al th o ugh e
h e h aue two ttri n g es put on e at once yet h e th all h au e
fm all l eatu re and leffe ro um e to ben d h i s bow th erfo re
god ten d vs goo d ttri n g ers both for war and peace
N ow wh at a ttri n g e ough t to b e made on whe ther o f
good h empe as th ey do n ow a dayes or of ax e or of
l ke I l eaue t h at to the i ugem en te o f ttri n g ers of
wh o m e we m utte bye them on E uttathi us
E m hi
ap on th l S verte of hom ere
n ex te

'

"5

uo t/z tlze bow an d

q
ou t gu zckl ze t/ze
zaft

Twang

quot/z Men ng

twang

'

'

I l iad

doet h tel t h at in oulde ty me they m ade th eyr bowe

thy n g es of b ull ox t h e rmes wh i c h e th ey twy n ed to
g i th er as t h ey d o ropes an d th erfo re they ma d e a
great twan ge B owe ttry n ge s al to h ath bene made o f
th e h eare of an h o rf
e tay l e called for th e ma t ter of
,

E h! i rhul e ofShoo ti n g

1 r1

th em

H ippias as do th e app eare i n manye good

au th ors of the Greke ton gu e
Great
F a ri
tt ri n g e s an d lytl e ttry n g es be for d i uerfe
p urp o fe s : th e great ttri n g i s m ore turer for th e bowe
more ttable to p ricke wy th al but ower for th e ca tt
th e lytle tt ri n ge i s clean e c o n trary e not to ture th er
fore to be taken h ede of le tt e wit h longe tari e n g e on
i t b re ak e your bowe more t to fh oo te fa rre t han apte
to pri cke n ere th erfo re w h en you kn owe the nature of
bo th e bigge and lytl e you mu tt t you r bow ac
cording to th e o c c ati o n of your fh oo ti n ge
In
ttri n gi n g e of your b o w (th ough t h i s place belong rath er
to th e h an d lyn g t h an to th e t h yn g i t tel te ye t b y
c au f
e the thy n g e and the h an d l y n ge of th e thy n e b e
g
to i o yn e d toge ther I mu tt n ede tome ty m e couple
th e on e wy th th e o th er ) you mu tt mark th e t length
of your bowe For y f th e ttri n g e be to th ort the
ben ding wy l ] gy u e an d at th e la tt tl y p an d to put th e
bowe i n i eo pardy e Yf it b e longe the b en dyn g e
mu tt nedes be in the fmal of the ttri n g w h ich b eyn g e
tore twin ed mu tt ned e s knap in tunder to ye d i ttruc
tion of manye good bowes M o re o ueryou m u tt l oo k e
t hat youre bowe be wel l n ocked for fere th e th arp n etl e
of the h o m e th ere a tunder the ttry n ge A n d t h at
c h au n c e th ofte w h en in b ending th e ttri n g hat h bu t
on e wap to ttren g th e i t wy th all : You mu tt marke
alto to fet youre ttn n ge ttrey gte on or elles th e one
e n de th al l wri e th e contrary to the o ther an d to breke
your bowe
When the ttri ng e b egy n n eth e n euer to
lytle to were trutt i t not bu t a waye wit h i t for i t i s
an y l l fau e d h al p en y yat co tt es a man a c ro wn e T h u s
you te h owe many i eo p ardy e s h an geth e ouer the telye
poore bowe by re ato u o n ly e of the ttry n g e A s when
t h e ttri n g e i s th o rte when i t i s longe w h en eyth er of
th e n oc k es be n ough t w h en i t hath b ut on e wap and
w h en i t tary e th e ouer longe on
w
l
m
r
u el l
t
I
t
i
t
i
s
n
o
e
th
ough
o
ma
e
e
ny
t
g h
b o wes b e broken
afar Bowe s be broken twi te as many way es b efyd e
.

uo

n us .

'

'

m s

E ur

rn

th e te But a gayn e in ttri n gyn ge youre bowe y o u

m u tt loke for m uche bende or lytle bende for the y b e
clean e c o n trary e
Th e lytle bend e hath but one c o mmo di ti e wh c h e
y
i s in th o o tyn g fa tter an d farther fh o o te and ye cau te
t h erof is b y caufe th e ttry n ge hath to far a p affage or it
parte wy th the th atte Th e greate bende hat h many
commodities : for i t m aketh eaty er fh o oty n ge th e bowe
b ey n g halfe drawen afore
I t needeth no bracer for
th e ttry n ge f
to pp e th before i t come at the arme
It
wy l not to tone h i t a mannes eue or oth er geare by
th e f
am e reafo n : I t h urteth no t th e f
h aft fedder as
th e lowe ben de doeth It tue reth a man better to
Th erfo re lette youre bowe h au e
e tp y e his marke
good b yg bend a thattemen te an d i i fy n gers at th e
t for the te which I haue fp o k en o f
l eaf
g ht The b rater gl o ue and ttry n ge, b e don e,
n ow e you mutte come to the bowe, th e
B we
chefe i n ttrum en t of all
Dy uers c o u n try es and tymes haue vted al way es
dyu ers bowes an d of d yu ers fath i o n s
H orn e bowes are vfed i n tome plac es nowe an d
were vfe d alto in H omerus dayes for Pan
darn s bowe th e be tt fh oo ter among a ] th e
T ro i an es was made of two Gocte h orn es i oy n ed to
h
h
h
t
r
l
n
w
ero ffayth Homer was xvi hand
the
e
e
e
t
gy
g
bredes not far di eri n g from th e l en g th e of our bowe s
S cripture m aketh mention of b ra tte
P
al m 7
bo wes Iron bowes and tty l e bowes hau e
b ene of longe ty me and al to nowe are vfed among
th e Turkes but yet they mu tt nedes be vn p ro tab l e
For yfbratte yron or tty l e h aue th eyr o wn e ttren gth
and pith i n th em th ey b e farre aboue mannes ttre n g th
tt
ren g th e th ey r
f
t
h
ey
b
e
made
m
t
o
r
mann
es
ee
t
e
y
h oo te wyt h all
p i th e i s n o thy n g worth to th o o te any f
Th e E thi opians h ad bowes of palme t re wh i c h e
teemed to b e very ftro n g e but we h aue
H ero i p l
none experience of them The l en gth e of
them was ii i i c ub i tes Th e men of Inde had th eyr
.

: ethni c ofshunt i n g
Eli hu

"

b owes made of a rede wh i ch e was of a great ttre n gt h e

A nd n o m aruayl e though bowe and fh aftes were made
t h ereof for th e redes be to great i n Inde as H erodotus
fayth t h at of e uery i o y n te of a rede a man
I Thal ia
may make a fyth ers bote T h e te bowes
fay e th A rri an us i n Alexanders ly te gaue to g reat attro k e
t h at n o h arn eys or buckler thoug h i t were
8
Ar ia
n euer to f
tro n g could wy th ttan d it
Th e
length o t tuc h e a b o we was euen wy th the length of h y m
t h at vfed it Th e Lycian s vfed bowes made
I P ly m
of a tree called in Laty n Cam us (as con
c e rn y n g th e name of i t i n E n l i f
g h I can ton er proue
that ot h er men cal l it falte t h an I can tell the righ t
name of i t my tel te ) this woo d i s as hard e as ho m e
and ve ry t for fh aftes as fh all be toulde after
Q ui d th e we th that S yringa the N y mp h e
M tam r
an d one of th e may d en s of Diana h ad a
b owe of this w o od w h ereby th e poete meaneth that i t
was very e excellent to make bowes of
A s for b ratell E lme Wych an d Atth e experien ce
doth proue t h em to be but mean e fo r bowes and to to
conclude E we of all other thy n g e s i s th at wh ero f
p erte th o o ty n g wo ul d e h aue a bowe made
Th ys w oode as i t i s n owe general ] and common
am o n ges E n gly th e men to hat h it c o n ti n e wed from
longe ty me an d had i n m o o ft pric e for bowes
am o n g es the R o mayn es as dot h apere in t h is h alfe
verte of V yrgi ll
,

n us

Tax i to rgum tu r i n arm

V i rg i i as

r
.

E we l for a bow: to 6: made

on

N owe as I faye a bowe of E we mu tt be badde

,

to r
by

at the p ri ck es wh i c h e marke
c auf
e it is c e rtay n e and mo tte certaine rules may be
h
is
e
n
of
it
hall
u
for
our
commun
ica
ti
on
at
t
u
t
f
e
r
e
gy
time A good b owe is kn o we n much what as good
it
f
f
r
e
o
o
o
i
s
by
the
ende
an
d
c o un ta
l
w
n
e
k
n
e
o
p
y
an d yet both e a bowe and go od c o un te ll maye be
made bothe be tter an d worte by well or vll h an d ly n ge
p erte t e

th oo ti n g e

ophi l us
E ur

r1 4

of t h em : as o ften ty m es c h aun c e th And as a man

both m utte and wy ll take c o u n tel l of a wyte and
h one tte man th ough h e te not th e ende of it to mu tt a
fh o o te r of n ec e tli ti e tru tt e an h one tt an d good bowyer
to r a bow e afore h e knowe th e p ro o fe of it
An d as a
wyte man wy l l take p l en ty e of c o un te ] afore h an d w h at
fo e uer need to a f
i ul de h aue al wa
h o o ter
y es iii or
i iii bow e s in tt o re w h at to euer ch aun ce
g ht B ut if I trutte bowyers al way es fo m ety me I
am lyk e to be d ec eyu e d
E ar T h erefore th all I tell you tome tokens in a
bowe t h at you fh al be th e fe el do m er d ec ey ued If
you come into a th o pp e and tynde a bowe t h at is
fm al l long beauy and ftro n g ly i n g e tt[
r ey gh t n ot
]
wi n dyn g not marred with kn ot gaule wy n d eth ake
wem freate or p y n c h e bye t h at bowe of my warrant
Th e be tte colour of a bowe yat I tynde is w h an th e
backe and th e b elly e in wo o rky n ge b e much e w h at
after on e maner for tuch o ften ty m es in weary n g do
proue lyke virgin wax or golde h auy n ge a ne longe
grayn e e uen from th e on e ende of th e bowe to th e
ot h er : th e th ort graine al th ough tuch e proue well
fo mty m e are for ye mo tt parte very bri ttle
( ) f th e
maky n g e of th e bowe I wy ll not greatly meddle le tt e
I fh o ul de tee m e to enter into an oth er mannes ocen
p ati o n wh y c h e I can no tk y ll o f Yet I wo ul d e d efy re
all bowyers to teato n th eyr ttaues well to woorke
t h em an d ty n k e th em well to giuc th em b eetes con
u en i en t
and ty l l eryn g es pl en ty e For th ereby t h ey
fh o ul d e both e get t h em tel u es a good nam e (An d a
good name en c reafeth a mannes p ro fy te much e ) and
al to do greate commodite to th e h ole R eal m e If any
men do o ffen d in th is p oy n te I am afray d e t h ey be th o fe
i o u m y men whi c h e labour more tp ed i ly to make many e
bowes for th eyr o wn e m o n y e take t h an t h ey woorke
d i l li g e n tly to make good bowes for th e common wel th
fake not lay i n g e before th ey r eyes th ys wyte p ro uerb e
.

'

S an e y n oug xz,

{fwel y n oug /z

GU
):

Wh erwy th

: ofsr
arb or
buuti ng

rr5

h one tt han dy e c raf

t es man f
h uld
meature , as i t were wy th a rule , h i s wo rke withal H e
th at i s a i o urn ey man , an d ry d e th V p o n an ot h er
mannes h o rfe, yf he ryde an hone tt pace , n o manne
wy l l d yfal o we h ym : But y fh e make Po tt e h a tt e , bot h e
h e that oweth th e h o rfe , an d he p e rad uen ture al to t h at
afterward e th al bye th e h orte , may c h aunce to curte b y m
S uch e h att i n ette I am afray d e, maye al to be foun d
am o n g e s tome of t h em , wh y c h t h ro u gh ou t ye R eal m e
i n d i uerfe places wo rk e ye k i n g es A rti llari e for war,
thi n ky n g e y f th ey get a bowe or a th eaf
e of arro wes to
to m e fath i o n , t h ey be good y n o ugh for b eary n g e gere
An d th u s t h at weapon wh i c h e i s th e c h i efe defence of
th e R eal m e , very e ofte doth lytle teruy c e to b y m that
f
h o ul d e vfe it , b y caufe i t i s to n egl ig en tly e wrought of
h i m that fh u l d make i t , when tre wly e I fup p o fe th at
neth er ye bowe can b e to goo d and ch efe woode , nor
yet to well teato n e d or truly mad e , wy th h ety n ges and
ti l l ery n g es , ne ther that th a tte to go od wood or to
th o ro wely wrough t , with th e be tt pinion fedders th at
can be gotte n , wh e rwi th a man th al fe rue his prince ,
d efen de hi s countri e , an d faue b y m fe lfe frome his
And I trutt n o man wy ll b e an gry e wy th
e n emy e
m e for tp eky n g e thus , but th o fe w h ich n de t h em fel fe
touc h ed theri n : w h ic h ough t rath er to be an gry e wy th
th em tel te for d o y n g e to , than to be m i tc o n ten t wy th
m e for tay n g e to An d in n o ca te t h ey ought to be
d itp le ated wy th me , fe i n g e this is fp o k en al to after t h at
forte , n ot fo r the n o ty n g e of anye p erto n feu e ral ly e,
bu t for the amen dyn g e of euery e one g en erally e Bu t
tu rn e we agay n e to knowe a good fh o o ty n ge bowe for
c ure p u rp o f
e
E u e ry e bowe i s made ey th e r of a b o ugh e, of a plante
or of th e boole of the tree The bongh e c o mm o n ly e
i s very e knotty , an d full of pinne s, weak , of {mal l p i th e ,
an d tone wy ll fo l o we th e ttri n g e, and fel do m e we ri th to
any fayre coloure , yet for c h y l d ren and yonge begi nn ers
i t maye feru e well yn o ugh e Th e plante p ro ueth many
times we ], yfit be of a good and elen e growet h , and for
eu ere

E rphus i i

r1 6

the pith of i t i s quieke y n o ugh e of ca tt it wyll p ly e and

b o w far afore i t b reak e as a ] oth er yonge th i n g e s do
Th e boole of ye tree is c l en ett wi th out knot or pin
h aui n g e a fa tte an d h arde woode by reafon n e of hy s
full groweth ftro n ge an d mygh ty e of ca tt and be tt for
a bow y fth e ttaue s be cuen c l o uen an d be afterwarde
wro ugh te not o u er[
t] wh arte th e woode but as th e graine
and ftrey gh t gro wyn g of th e woode l ead eth e a man or
elles by all rea to u i t mu tt ton e b reake and t h at in
m any th i u ers Th is mu tt be c o n d ered in th e ro ugh e
woode an d when th e bow ttau es b e o u erwro ugh t and
fac i o n ed
For in d retl i n g and p i ky n ge it vp for a bow
i t is to late to loke for it
B ut yet in t h e te p oy n tes as
I fayd before you mu tte trutt e an h one tt bowyer to put a
good bow in youre hand fo mewh at l o o ki n g e your tel te
t o th o f
e tokens wh y c h e I th ewed you
And you mu tt e
not tti c k e for a grote or xii d more th an a noth er man
would giuc y fi t be a good bowe For a good bow twi te
paide for is better th an an ill bowe once broken
Th us a fh o o ter m utte b egy n n ot at th e m aky n ge
of hys bowe lyke a bower but at the b yi n ge of hy s
bow lyke an A rc h ere And when h i s bow i s bough t an d
brough t home afore h e trutte mu c h e vp o n it le t b y m
trye and trym it after th ys forte
Take your bow in to th e feeld th o te in h y m t1 n ke b ym
wy th deade h eauy e f
h afte s l o oke w h ere h e c o mm eth e
mo of
t p ro uy d e for th at place b etym es le tt e it pinc h e an d
to fre ate w h en you h aue th us th ot in h i m an d pe rcey ue d
good fh o o ty n ge wood e in b ym you mu tt h aue b y m
ag ay n e to a good c u n n y n g e and tru tti e wo o rk e m an
wh y c h e th all cut h y m th orter and pike b y m and d retfe
b ym fy tter make b ym comme rounde c o m p ac e eu ery
w h ere and wh i p pyn g at th e endes but with di fc reti o n
l eft h e wh y p in tun der or els free te toner th an he is ware
of h e mu tt al to lay b ym ttregh t if h e be catt e or oth er
wife n ede require and if h e be atte made gath er b y m
rounde and to th all h e bothe fh o o te th e fatter for farre
th o o ty n g e, and alto th e turer for nere p ry c kyn ge
g ht W h at y f I come into a th Op p e an d fpy e oute
,

11th: srhutz

of

shooting

:1

a bow which fh al bot h than pl eate me very we ] whan

I by him and be al to very t and meete for me w h an
I fh o o te in h y m : to that h e be both we ake y n o ugh e
for e afy e fh o o ty n g e and al to q
uy c ke and tp e d y e
n o u h e for farre c att n e
k
h
l
than
I
w
u
d
e
t
n
e I
o
y
g
y
y g
th all nede n o m ore b uti n etfe wy th him bu t b e con
tente wy th b y m and vfe b ym well yn o ugh e and to by
t h at meanes auo y de bot h e greate trouble an d al to
tome co tt wh i c h e you c u n n y n g e archers ve ry often
pu t your fel ues vn to b ey n ge very e E n gly th e men neuer
c e af
n
i
l
t
l
r
a
f
t
about
your
bowe
and
e
d
d
e
n
e
es
g
p
y
y g
w h an they be well but ey th er with th o rty n g and pik
yuge your bowes or el s with newe fe th ery n g p e ec
y n g e and h ead i n g e your th atte s, can n euer h aue done
vn ty l] t h ey be ttark e n ough t
We ] P /zzl ol og e furely e if I hau e any i udge
men t at all i n th o o ty n g it i s no very great good token in
a bowe w h ereof n o th y n g whan i t is n ewe and fretth e
nede b e cutte away eu en as C icero fay e th of a yonge
manne s wi t an d tty l e w h ich you knowe better t h an
I For eu ery e n ewe thy n g e m u tt e al way e s h aue more
th an i t n eade th or elles i t wy l l n ot wax e b etter and
better bu t euer d ec ay e an d be worte an d worte
N ewe ale if it runne n ot ouer th e barrel ] whan i t i s
newe tunned wil ton e leafe his pith an d his head
afore h e b e longe drawen on
An d lyke wyte as th at colte why c h e at th e fy rtte
tak y n g e vp n ed eth lytle b reaky n g an d h an d ly n g bu t
i s tte and gen tle y n o ugh e for th e fad dle fee l do m e
or n euer p ro ueth well eu en to that bowe wh y c h e
at the fy rtte b y i n ge wy th o ut any m ore p ro o fe an d trim
my n g e i s t an d eae to th o o te in th all n ey th er be
pro table to la tte longe n or yet p l eafau n t to fh o o te
well And th erfo re as a younge h o rfe full of corage
wy th h an d ly n g e an d b reak i n g e i s brough t vn to a ture
pace an d g o y n ge to thal l a n ewe bowe fretth e and
quieke of ca tte by n ky n g and c utty n g b e brough t to
a tte dfatt th o o ty n g An d an eae and gentle bow
whan i t i s n ewe i s not m uche vn ly k e a fo fte tp i ri te d
,

'

metaphus

r1 8

boye
boye
well
with

33

when h e i s younge B ut y e t as of an vn rul i e

wit h righ t h an d ly n g p ro ueth o ften e tt of a1 a
ordered man ; to of an vn t an d ttay th bow
good trimming mutte nedes fo l o we al way e s a
tted fatt th o ty n g e bowe
An d fuch e a p erte bowe wh i c h e neuer wyl l de
c ey ue a man excepte a man d ec ey ue i t mu tt be had
for t h at p erfe te ende why c h e you l o o k e for in fh o o ti n ge
g ht Well Toxoph ile I te e wel you be cunninger
in t h i s gere t h an I : but put cafe th at I h aue t h re
or fower fuch e good bowes p yk ed an d d retted as
you n owe fp eke of yet I do remembre yat manye
learned men do faye that i t is ca h er to gette a good
th y n g e t h an to f
au e and k e ep e a good thyng wh erfo re
i f you can teac h e me as c o n c ern y n g th at p o yn te you
h aue tati ffy ed me p l e n ti fully e as c o n c ern y n g e a bowe
Truly e it was t h e n ex te t h yng th at I wo ul d e
hau e come vuto for to th e matter laye
Wh an you h aue b ro ugh te youre bowe to fuch e a
p o y n te as I fpak e of than you m u tt h aue an h erden or
wull e n cloth waxed wh erwi th e uery day y ou mu tt rub b e
an d c h afe your bowe ty ll it th yne and gly tter wi th al l
Why c h e thy n g e th all c aufe it bo th e to b e cleane well
fauo ured g o o dl y e of coloure and th all al to b ry n g as i t
were a c rutte ouer it th at i s to fay th all make it
e ue ry where on th e o u tty d e to
y pp ery an d harde
t h at n ey th er any weete or wet h er can enter to h urte
i t nor yet any treat or p y n c h e be able to byte vp o n
i t : but t h at you fh al do it great wrong before you
b reak e i t
T h is mu tt be done oftentimes but tp e
h o o tyn g e
c i al ly w h en you come f
ro m f
Beware al to wh an you fh o o te of youre fh aft h e des
dagger k n y ues or aggl ettes l eft they race your bowe
a t h ing as I fay de before both e vn fem ely to l o o k e on
and al to dau n g ero us for freate s Take h ede alto o f
mi ttie and dan ky th e dayes wh i c h e fh al hurte a bowe
more t h an any rayne For t h en you m utte ey th er
alway rub it or e l s l e au e fh o o ty n ge
Your b o wec ate (t h is I dy d not p ro mi fe to fp eake of
.

( the S chulz at s hunti ng

rr9

it i s with out the nature of th o o t

B w a
yu ge or els I fh o ul d e truble me wy th
oth er th i n ges inn ite more ye t feing i t i s a fau egard e
for the bowe to methy n ge I wy l l faye of i t) youre bowe
ca te I faye yf you ryd e fort h m utte n ey th er be to
wyde for youre bowes for to th all one clap vp o n an
ot h er an d h u rt them nor yet to ttray te that tc arfe t h ey
can be thrutt in for t h at wo ul d e laye the m on tyd e
and wy n d e th em A b o wec ate of ledder i s n o t th e
be tt for that i s o fttyme s m o y tte whic h h u rte th th e
b owes very much Therfo re I haue fene good fh o o te rs
w h ich would h aue for euery e bowe a fere c afe made
of wollen clothe an d t h an you maye putte i i i or iiii
of them to cate d in to a ledder c afe if you wy ll T h i s
wollen cafe thall both e kepe t h em in funder an d al to
wy l l e kepe a bowe i n his full ttre n g th e t h at i t neuer
At home the te wood c afes b e
gy ue for any weth er
ve ry e good for bowes to ttan d in
But take h ed e yat
youre bowe ttan de not to nere a tto n e wall for t h at
wy l l make hy m m o y tte and weke nor yet to nere any
e r for that wy l l make him th o rt e an d brittle
And
t h us muche as c o n c e rn yn g th e tauyn g and k ep i n g of
our bowe ; nowe you th all heare w h at thyn ges ye mu tt
auo y d e fo r feare of b reak y n g your bowe
A fh o o ter c h aun feth to b reake h i s bowe commonly
iiii way es by th e ttry n g e by th e th a tte by draw
yng to far an d by treates By th e ttry n g as I fay d e
afore w h an th e ttry n ge is ey th er to th o rte to long
n ot turely put on wy th one wap or put c ro k ed on or
th orne in tundre wy th an euel ] n ocke o r tuffe re d to
Wh an th e ttryn g fayles the bowe
tary e ouer longe on
m utte nedes b reak e and fp ec i ally i n th e my d d e s
b e caufe bothe th e endes haue n o thy n g to tto p t h em
bu t wh i pp es to far backe t h at th e belly mu tt n edes
vi o l e n tly e ri te vp the wh c h e you th all well p e rc e y u e
y
i n b e n d y n g of a b owe b ackward
Th e rfo re a bow e
that fo l o we th the ttry n g e i s l e aft hurt wi th b re aky n g of
ttry n g e s
B y the th a tte a bowe i s broken et h er w h en
i t i s to th ort an d to you fet i t in your bow or w h en
b y caufe

c se

,
.

nphtl us
( tur

i zo

th e

nocke b reakes for

or when the ttryn ge

tl yp p e s wy th o ute th e n ocke for wy d en ette than you
poule it to your care and lettes it go wh ich mu tt
ned e s b reak e th e th atte at the l eatte and putte ttri n g e
an d bowe and al in i eo p ardy b y c aufe the ttren gth of th e
bowe h ath n o thy n ge in i t to fl op th e violence of it
T h ys kynde of b reaky n ge is mo o tte p eri l o ute for th e
ttan d ers by for in tuch a c afe you th all te fo me ty m e
th e en d e of a bow
y e a h oole tc o re from a man an d
t h at mo o ft common ly as I h aue marked o ft th e vp p er
ende of th e bowe The bowe i s drawn e to far ii
w ay e s
E y th er wh en you take a longer th a tte t h en
your o wn e or els w h en you th y fte your h and to low or
to h y e for f
h o o ty n g e far T h ys waye p o ul eth th e backe
in funder and th en th e bowe eeth e in manye peces
S o when you te a bowe broken h auyn g e th e b elly e
rifen vp b oth way es or tone th e ttri n ge brake i t
W h en i t is broken in twoo peces in a maner euen of an d
fp ec y ally e in th e vpp e rende th e th a tte nocke brake i t
W h en th e backe i s p o ul ed a fun der i n manye peece s
to farre drawy n g e brake it
T h e te tokens e y th er al way e s be trewe or els ve t ye
ly tl e n ette,

fel d o m e m y tte
Th e fo u rth e thyng th at b rek e th a b ow i s fretes ,
wh y c h make a bowe redye an d apte to
Freates
b reak e by any of the iii way es afore
fay d e
F reete s be in a f
h aft as well as i n a bowe ,
and they be muche lyke a C anker, c rep yn ge an d en
c reat n e in
th o te places in a bowe , why c h e be
y g
weaker th en other And for th ys p urp o fe mu tt your
bowe be well try m m ed and piked of a conning man
t h at i t may come roun de in tre w compatte euery
w h ere For freetes you mu tt beware, y f youre b o w
h aue a k not in the backe , l eft th e places wh y c h e be
n ex te it, be not a
l o wed f
tro n g y n o ugh e to bere with
th e k n o tte , or el les th e f
tro n g e kn o tte th all fre ate th e
weak e places n exte i t
Freates be fy rtt litle p i n c h ete,
th e wh y c h when you p erc eau e , pike th e places about
the pinch es, to make th em fo mewh at we ker, and as
.

E h: i thul e at shunt i ng

:2 1

well c o mmy n ge as where it pinched and to the pinch es

thall dye and neuer en c reafe farther in to great freates
F reate s b egyn n e many tymes in a pin for th ere th e
good woode i s corru pted t h at it m utte nedes be weke
d b y c aufe i t i s weak e th erfo re it freates
Good bowyers th erfo re do ray te euery pyu and
alowe i t m oore wood e for feare of freaty n g e
A gay n e bowes m o o f
t c o mm o n l y e freate vn d e r t he
h an de n ot to muc h e as tom e men fupp o fe for th e
m o i ttn ette of th e hande as for the b eete of th e han d
ay e th A ri tto tl e i s to l o wte and n ot
th e nature of beate f
to k n yt fa tt and the more l o wter the more weaker th e
weaker th e re di er to freate
A bowe i s not well made wh y c h hath no t wood
l
h
f
h
e
i
n
the
ande
For
endes of th e bowe
n
t
e
t
e
p
y
y
b e ttaffyth e or a mans hande any th y n g e boote the
Remedie for tretes to
b elly e mu tt n edes ton e frete
any p urpo fe I n euer hard tell of any bu t o n ely e to
make the treated place as ttro n g e or ttro n g er t h en any
ot h er To ll vp the freate wit h ly tle th eu ers of a quill
an d glewe (as tome tay wy ll do wel ) by reato u mu tt be
ttarke n ough t
For put cate the freete dy d c e afe then yet the cau te
which made it freate a fore (and t h at i s we ak en e tte of
e i t is not taken away mu tt nedes
th e place ) b i c auf
make i t freate agay n e A s for c u tty n g out of treates
wy th e all maner of p ec yn g e of bowes I wy l l cleane ex
h oo ty n g e
For p ec ed bowes be
e lude from p erte f
muche lyke o wl de hou ten why ch e be more chargeable
to repayre than c o mmo d i o ute to dwell in A gayn e
to fwad le a bowe much about wy th bandes ve ry e
fel d o m e doth e anye good excepte i t be to kepe down e
a tpel in the backe o th erwyte bandes ey ther n ede not
w h en the bow i s any th i n ge wo rth e or els boote no t
w h en i t i s marde an d pa tt be tt And al th ough I
knowe mean e an d poore fh oo ters wy l l vfe p ec e d an d
ban ded bowes fo me tym e b y caufe t h ey are not able to
get better when they wo ul de yet I am fure yf they
h all tynde i t bot h e le tte charge
c o n ty d e r it well they f
,

uphtl us
E ur

1 22

to ware at any ty me a couple of

th y lly n g e s of a new bowe t h an to b e tto we x d of
For better is co tte vp o n
p eacy n g e an olde bowe
fo m ewh at worth than tp en c e vp o n n ot h ing wort h
An d th ys I fp ek e al to b y caufe you wo ul de h aue me
re terre all to p ertn ette in fh o o ty n ge
M o reouer th ere i s an ot h er th y n g e wh y c h e wy l tone
c auf
e a bowe be broken by one of th e
iii way e s
why ch be rtt fp ok en of an d th at is fh o ty n g in winter
wh en th ere is any frotte Fro tt e is wh ereto eu er is any
wateri th h umour as i s in a] wo o des ey th ermore or le tte
an d you knowe that al thyn ge s froten and I e wy l
rath er breke t h an ben de Yet if a man mu tt ned e s
f
h o o te at any fuche r
yme lette h ym take hy s bowe
and b ry n g e i t to th e fyer and th ere by litle and litle
rub b e and c h afe i t with a waxe d clot h e wh i c h e th all
bring it to t h at poyn t yat he maye th o te tafel y e y n o ugh
i n it This rub b y n g wi th waxe as I fay de before is
a great fuc c o ur agay n tt all wete and m o yttn ette
In the fy el d es al to i n g o yn g b etwy xt th e pricks
or elles wy th a cloth e you
e y th er wy th your h an de
m utte k eep e your bowe in fuch e a temper
And th u s
much e as c o n c ern y n ge youre bowe howe fy rtte to
knowe what wood is be tt for a bowe t h an to c h ote
a b o we after to tri m a bowe agayn e to k eep e it in
fe latt e of a] , h owe to taue i t fro m a] harm
g o o dn ef
an d euy l n ette
And alth ough many m en can faye more of a bow
yet I trutt th e te th y n g es b e true and al mo tte fui c i en t
for the kn o wl ege of a p erfe te bowe
g ht S urely e I belene to and yet I c o n l de hau e
h eard e you talke longer on i t : al th o gh I can not te
wh at maye b e fayd more of i t Th erfo re excepte you
wy l l pau te a wh y l e you may go fo rwarde to a thatte
015M What fh aftes were m ade of in oulde tym e
auth o urs do not to man i fettly e th e we as
H
t p
of bowes H erodotus doth tel that in th e
f
l ood of N ilus t h er was a b eatt called a water h o rfe
of wh o fe tk i n n e after i t was dried th e Egyptian s made
and more

p l eafure

ero

eu e

Eh: srhal e at shooti ng

:2 3

f
h aftes , an d d artes on
The tree calle d
Sen H i pp
t e s of, t hat in good
Cam us was to common to make fh af
auth o u rs of ye l aty n tongu e , Cam ur is taken fo r a th a tte ,
as in S en eca , an d th at place of Virgi l] ,
Virg cn ci 9
.

Valat I tal a Cam

u r.

Yet of all thy n g es that euer I warked of olde auth o urs

ei th er g rek e or latin for fh aftes to be made of t h ere
i s not h ing to common as reede s Herodotus in d ef
c ri b y n g e t h e m i gh ti e h o o tt of Xerxes doth
I P ol y m
tell t h at th re great c o n tri es vted th attes
made of a rede the Aethiopian s th e Lycian s (who fe
f
h aftes l ack ed tethers where at I maruay l e mo tte of
all) an d th e men of In de Th e fh aftes i n
8
Am
Inde were very e longe a yarde and an
h alfe as A rri an u s doth faye or at th e
Q O ut 8
l eaf
t a yarde as Q C u rtius doth faye and
e
t h erf
o re th ey gaue ye greater ttryp e but yet b y cauf
t h ey were to long th ey were th e more vn h an to me an d
le tte pro table to th e men of Inde as C u rti us doeth tell
I n C rete an d I tali e t h ey vfed to hau e t h e i r fh afte s
of rede al to Th e b e tt reede for fh aftes grewe i n
I nde and i n R h en us a ood of I taly
6 36
P li
B ut b y caufe fuc h e fh aftes b e n ey th er
e ati e for E n gl i th e men to get, an d y fthey were gott en
tc arfe pro table for the m to vfe I wy ll lette t h em
f
h
a
k
h
f
h
a
f
t
w
h
c
e
E
n
l
f
h
an
d
of
a
f
e
e
t
o
e
e
s

e
y
g
y
p
p
men at this daye mo tte commonly do ap pro ue and
,

'

all o we
A th aft hath three principal] partes , th e ttel e, the
teth ers , an d the head : whereof euery e one mutte be
teueral ly e fp o k en o f
S teles be made of dyu erfe wo o des as
.

B ratell

Turki c wood
Fu tti c k e
S ug erc h ette
H ardb eam e
.

6 0 mphth i s

A tth e

C oke
S erui s tree
H ul der
.

Blackth orn e
Bech e
E lder

A tp e
S alow
.

The te wo o dd e s as t h ey b e mo tt commonly vfe d to

t h ey be m oo tt e t to be vfed : yet tome one fy tter
t h en an ot h er for di n ers m en n e s fh o ti n ge as fh alb e
toulde afterwarde And in t h is pointe as in a bowe
you mutt e trutte an h one tt e tc h e r N eu erth el ette a]
t h o ugh e I can not teache yo u to make a bowe or a
th a tte wh i c h e belonget h to a bowyer and a e tc h er to
comme to th ey r l y uy n g yet wy l] I th ewe you tome
tokens to knowe a bowe an d a fh afte wh i c h e per
h o o ty n g e
tayn eth to an Arch er to come to good f
A tt el e m utt e b e well teato n e d for C afti n ge and i t
mu tt be made as th e grayne lieth and as i t groweth or
els it wy l n euer y e elen e as clot h e cu t o u ertwh art and
agay n tte th e wu ll e can neuer h o o te a mann e clean e
A kn o tty e tt el e maye be {u ttered i n a b y gge th a tte
b ut for a lytle th a tte it i s n o th y n ge t bot h e b y c aufe i t
wy l l neuer y e far an d b ety d es t h at i t is euer i n
d an ger of b reaky n g e i t i eth not far b y c aufe th e
ttre n gth e of th e
i o o te is h i n d re d and tt o pp e d at th e
k n o tte eu en as a tto n e ca tt in to a plaine e u en tti l
water wy l l make the water moue a greate fpac e yet
y f t h ere be any wh i rly n g e plat in th e water th e
m o uy n g e ceafeth e w h en it c o mm e th e at th e wh y rl y n g e
plat why c h e is not much e vn ly k e a kn o tte in a i afte
S o eu ery t h yng as it i s plaine
y fit be c o n d ered wel
an d ftreig ht of h y s o wn e nature to i s i t ttett for far
mo uy n g e Th erfo re a ttel e wh y c h e is h arde to tt an d e
in a bowe wit h ou t k n o tte an d ttre igh te ( I mean e not
arti c i al ly e tt rey gh te as the etc h er dot h e make it but
,

( the srhulz o f s hoot i n g

r2 5

naturally ft reig h t as it groweth in the wood ) i s be tt to

make a fh aft of ey th er to go clean e y far or ttan d turely
i n any wedd er N ow h owe big how fmal l h o w benye
h o w ly gh t h o w longe how th ort a th a tte fh o ul d e b e par
t i c ul arly e for eu ery e man (f
ey n g e we m u tt taulk e of th e
general ] nature of th oo ty n g ) can n ot b e toulde n o m ore
t han you R h eth o ri c i an s can ap p o yn t any on e kynde of
wordes of fe n ten c e s of fygu res ty t for euery matter
but cuen as th e man an d th e matter req
u reth to th e
y
fy ttett to b e vfed
Th erfo re as c o n cern y n g e th o fe
c o n trar es in a thatte e u er man m u tte auo d e t h em
y
y
y
and draw to the m ean e of t h em wh y c h e m ean e i s
be tt in a] thy n g es Yet y f a man happen to o en de
i n any of the extremes i t i s better to o ffend in wan t
and tc an tn ette than i n to muche an d o utrag i o ufe
e x c ee dy n g e
A s i t i s better to h au e a th atte a lytle to
th o rt e t h an ou er longe fo m e wh at to l y gh t t h an ouer
l umpytth e a lytl e to fmal l t h an a greate deale to big
wh i c h e th yn g i s n ot onely trewly e fay d e i n th o o ty n g e
bu t i n all other th yn ge s t hat euer man goeth abou te
as i n eaty n g e taulky n g e and all other thyn ges lyk e
why ch matter was on te e xc el l en tly e d i tp uted vp o n in
th e S c o o l e s you knowe when
A n d to o en d in t h ete c o n trary es c o mm eth mu ch
y f men take n ot h ede th ro ugh e th e kyn d of wood
wh ero f th e f
h aft i s made : Ffo r tome wood b el o n g es
to ye exc edyn g part tome to ye tcan t part tom e to
ye mea n e as B ratel l Turk i e wo o d Futti c k e S ugar
and tuch lyke make deade h euy l ump i th
c h e tt e
h o b b lyn g fh afte s A g ai n e H ul d er b lac k thorn e S erues
ey th er for th eyr
tree Beche E lder
l at ting ttu dd i n g
wek en es or l ygh ten e tte make bolow, f
Bu t Birch c H ardb eme tom e
h af
tes
g add yn g e f
C oke and tom e Atth e b eyn g e both e ftron g e y n o ug h e
to ttan d e i n a bowe an d alto lygh t y n o ugh e to
y e far are be tt for a m eane whi c h e i s to be
And al th o ugh e I knowe
to ugh te oute in euery thi n g e
h oo te to ftro n g e t h at th e deade
that tom e men f
w o o d es b e l y g h te yn o ugh e for t h em and o th er tom e
,

E Ut phtttt S

r2 6

week e that th e l o wte wo o des be ly kewy fe for them

bigge yn o ugh e yet generally for th e m o o ft parte of
m en th e m eane i s th e be tt And to to conclude
th at is alway es be tte for a man wh i ch e i s m etett for
him
Th us no wood of h i s o wn e nature i s ey th er to
l y gh t or to h euy but as th e f
h o o ter is him tel te wh y c h e
dot h e vfe it For t h at th atte wh i c h e one y eare for a
man is to l ygh te and fc udd i n ge for th e fam e tel te
man th e n ext y eare may c h aunce b e to h euy and
h o b b ly n g e
Th erfo re can not I e xp re tte excepte
g e n e rally wh at is be tt wood for a fh aft but let euery
man w h en h e knoweth h i s o wn e ttren gth an d th e
nature of euery wood p ro uy de and ty t h i mfel fe th er e
after Yet as concerning th eaffe Arron te for war (as
I fupp o fe) i t were better to make th e m of good Afth e
and n ot of A tp e as t h ey b e now a dayes For of all
ot h er woo d es th at euer I p ro ued A tth e being big i s
fwi ftett and ag ayn e h euy to g i ue a greate ttri p e wit h
all why ch e A tp e thall not doo W h at h euyn e s doth
i n a ttri p e euery man by experience can tell th erfo re
A fth e being both twyfter and h eui er i s more t for
th eafe Arroes then A tp e and thus muche for th e be tt
wood for fh aftes
A gay n e ly k ewy fe as n o on e wood can b e greatly e
meet for all kynde of fh afte s n o more can one fac i o n
of th e ttel e be t for e uery th o o ter For th o fe th a t
be lytle b retted an d big toward th e hede called by
th e yr l y k en ette tap erf
ath i o n re th e grown e an d of tome
m erry e fellowes b o b tay l es be t for them wh i c h e
th o te vn d er hande b y c aufe they f
h o o te wy th a fo fte
l o wte an d tt rettes not a th aft muc h e in the bre tt e
w h ere the weygh te of th e bowe ly eth e as you maye
p erc ey ue by the wery n g e of eu ery th a tte
A g ayn e th e b ygge b rette d th a tte i s fytte for h y m
w h ic h th o teth righ t afore h i m or els th e bre tt being
weke fh o ul de n euer wy th ttan de th at ftro n g p i th thy
kynde of fh o o tyn ge thu s the vn derh an d e mu tt haue a
trn all bre tte to go clean e awaye oute of the b owe th e
fo reh an d e mu tte hau e a b igge bre tte to bere the
to

t he s rhul r o fs hunting

1 27

great mygh te of th e bowe Th e th a tte mu tt be mad e

round e n o thy n ge at wy th out gal or wemme for th ys
For b y c aufe ro un dn ette (w h eth er you tak e
p u rp o fe
example i n h e au en or in earth e ) i s ttett th app e an d
form e bot h for fa tt m oui n g and al to for ton e p ercy n g e
o f any th y n ge
An d th erfo re A ri tto tl e faythe t ha t
n ature hat h
made th e raine to be round b y c aufe i t
th o u l d e th e eaf
e ly e r enter th ro ugh e th e ayre
T h e n ocke of th e tha tte i s d y u ertl y made for to m e b e
greate and full tome h an to me an d lytle to m e wyd e
to m e narow tome depe tome th al o we tome round
to m e longe tome wy th on e n ocke tome wy th a
d ouble n ocke wh ero feuery one h ath e hys p ro p erty e
Th e greate and full nocke maye be well telte an d
many way es t h ey taue a th a tte from b rekyn ge Th e
h an to m e an d lytle n ocke wy ll go elene awaye from e
th e
h and
th e wyde n ocke i s n o ugh te bot h for
b reaky n g of th e th a tte an d al to for toden
y ppyn g e
oute of the ttry n g e w h en th e n arro we nocke do th
auo y d e bothe th o fe barmes
The depe and longe
n ocke is goo d in warre for ture k epyn g i n of th e
ttry n g e
The th al o w and ro wn de n ocke i s be tt for
o ur p urp o fe in p ri c ky n g for clean e d el y ueraun c e of a
f
h o o te
And double n o c kyn g i s vfed for double
fuerty of the fh aft An d thus far as con c ern yn ge a
h oole ttel e
P eec yn ge o f a th a tte wi th b ratell an d h ol i e or
oth er h e auy wo od es is to make th e en de compa tt e
beauy with th e tethers in iyn g for the ttedfatter
f
h o ty n g
For if the en de were plumpe h eauy wy th
lead and the wood n ex te it ly gh te th e h ead ende
wo ul d e euer b e d o wn ward es an d n euer y e ttraygh t
Two p o yn tes in p eec i n g be y n o ugh left th e m o y ttn es
of th e earth e en ter to moc h e into th e p eec i n g e and to
leu te th e glue Therefore many p o yn tes be m ore
p l e afau n t to th e eye th an pro table for th e vfe
S umm e vfe to pe ece th eyr f
h aftes in the n ocke wy th
bra tel or h o ly e to c o un terwey with th e h ead an d I
h au e fen e fumm e fo r th e fame p urpo fe bore an h ol e a
.

i zs

i pb il us
or
r

lytle b i n eth the n ocke and put l eade in it B ut yet

non e of th e te way es be anye t h ing needful at a ] for ye
nature of a teth er in ying if a man marke i t we] is
able to bear vp a wonderfu l wey gh t : an d I th i n ke
fuch e p e ec i n g came vp rtt t h u s : w h an a good
Arch er h at h broken a good thatte in th e tethers and
for th e fan tae h e h at h h ad to i t he is loth e to leete
i t and th erfo re doeth h e peece it A n d th an by and
by oth er ey th er b y c au fe it is gaye or elles b ecaufe
t h ey wyl l h aue a th atte lyke a good archer cutteth
t h eyre hole fh aftes and p e ec eth them agayn e : A
ul l
thy n g e by my i udg em en t more c o ttl y e t h an n ed e f
tth i o n
An d th us h aue you h eard w h at wood w h at fa
wh at n o c ky n ge wh at p ee cy n g e attel e m utt e h aue : N owe
.

fol o weth th e feth ery n g e

g ht I wo ul d e neuer haue though t you could hau e
fayd h alfe to much e of a ttel e, and I th y n k e as con
c ern yn g th e litle tet h er and th e playne h ead , t h ere i s
.

but lytle to faye

GEM Lytle yes tru ly e : for th ere is n o on e thing
in a] fh o ti n g to moc h e to be loked on as th e teth er
For fy rtt e a q
u e tt i o n maye b e atk ed w h eth er any oth er
t h ing b efy d e a teth er b e t for a fh aft or n o ? i f a
teth er o n el y e be t w h e th er a g oo fe teth er onely
or no ? y f a g oo fe teth er b e be tt t h en w h eth er
t h ere be any d i eren c e as co n c ern yn g e the teth er
of an oulde g o o fe and a yonge g o o fe : a gander
or a go o fe : a fen n y e goo fe or an vpl an di th go o fe
A gai n e w h ic h is be tt tet h er i n any g o o fe the rygh t
wing or th e left wing th e pinion te ther or any oth er
te th er : a w h yte blacke or grey e teth er ? T h irdly in
fe tty n g on of your teth er w h eth er it be pared or
drawen with a th icke ry b b e or a th i n n e ry b b e (th e
ryb b e is ye hard quill whi c h e d euy d eth th e teth er) a
long tether better or a th o rte fe t on n e re th e nocke
or farre from the nocke fet on ftrei gh t or to rn w ha t
b o wy n g ? and wheth er one or two teth ers ru nne on th e
bowe Fourth ly in c o uli n g or th ery n g w h et h er h igh
or lowe w h eth er fo m ewh at twy n e backed (I m utte vfe
.

t he s thol e o fShouti n g

1 29

or tadle back ed whet h er rounde or

And w hether ath aft at any ty me ought
to be plucked and h o w to be plucked
h
urely
Toxop
ile I thy n ke manye e tc h ers
S
t
g h
(alt h ough d ay ly e t h ey h au e t h e te th i n ge s in vre) i t
t h ey were atke d to deyn ly w h at t h ey c o u ld e faye of a
te ther they could not faye to moc h
B u t I praye you
le t m e h eare you more at l arge e xp retfe th o fe thyn ge s
in a teth er th e wh i c h e you packed vp in to n arro we a
rowme And fyrtt whet h er any other thyn g may be
vfe d for a tether or not
That was ye fy rtte poy u te in dede an d
b y caufe t h ere fo l o weth many after I wy ll h y e apace
ouer t h em as on e that h ad manye a my le to ride
S h afte s to hau e h ad al way es tethers Plinius
p r 6 36
in Latin and I ul i us Pollux in Greke do
I Pl
H
P o l rm
l
l
a
t
h
w
n
yet
onely
the
Lycian
s
I
e
e
e
p y y
reade i n H erodotus to haue vfe d fh aftes wi thout
fedders On ely e a fedder is t for a th atte for ii
can tes fy rtte b y caufe i t i s l eath e weake to giu c
place to the b owe than b y caufe i t is of that
nature that it wy l l ttarte vp after ye bow S o Plate
wood or hom e can not ferue b y c aufe t h e [
y] wil
no t gy u e place Again e C loth Paper or Parc h men t
can not fe rue b y c aufe t h ey wy ll not ryfe a ft er th e
bowe th e rfo re a fedder is onely mete b y caufe it o n ely e
wy l do bothe Nowe to l oo k e on th e fedders of all maner
of b i rde s you fh al te tome to lowe weke and th o rt e
tome to cou rte tto o re an d h ard e and th e rib to brickle
t h in and narro w that i t can net h er b e drawen pared
nor yet wel l fet on that except it b e a twan for a dear]
th a tt e ( as I knowe tom e good Arc h ers haue v f
e d) or a
duck e for a y gh te whi c h e la ttes bu t one fh o o te t h ere
i s n o te th er but o n el y e of a g o o fe t h at hath al l com
m od i ti e s in i t
And tre wely e at a th ort but w h ic h
tom e man d oth vfe ye P ec o c k tet h er dot h fe l d o m e
kepe vp ye fh aft ey the r ry gh t or l eue] it i s to ro ughe
an d h euy to th at many men w h ic h h aue taken t h em
vp for g ay e n ette h ath e lay d e t h em dow n e agay n e for
th o te rs wordes )
u are th orne ?
tq

er

no

t uruphus S

3o

pro fy te , thu s for our p urp o fe, the C oo te is be tt tether,

for th e be tt th o ter
h
t
No
t
h
at
i
s
not
t
o
for
e be tt th o ter th at euer
t
,
g h
was vfed ot h er teth ers
afar Ye are to c un n i n g e in fh o o ty n ge I praye you
wh o was t h at
H e sio d ; n
g ht H ercules why c h e had h y s fhaftes
S
CU
O H cr
h
d
tet h ered wit h Egles tet ers as H eo us
doth e faye
QI UI Well as for H ercules , fey n ge n eth er water n or
lande , h eau en nor h ell , c o ul d e tc arfe contente b ym to
ab y d e in , it was no m eru ell th o ugh e a tely poore gou te
te th er could not p l ete h i m to f
h o o te wy th al , and ag ay n e
as for Egles t h ey
y e to h y e and b ui ld e to fa r of, yat
t h ey b e very h ard to come by
Yet welfare t h e gentle
gou te w h ich b ringeth to a man euen to h y s
C au s e
d oore to manye exc e dyn g e commodities
For th e gou te is man s c o mfo rte in war an d i n p eace
tl epyn g e and waky n ge
Wh at p rayte to euer is gy uen
to fh o o ty n g e th e gou te may c h al en g e th e be tte part e in
it
How well dot h e th e make a man fare at his table P
Howe eafely e doth e th e make a man lye in hy s bed P
H ow t eu en as h er feth ers b e o n ely e for fh oo tyn ge, to
be h er q
u ll es fytte o n e l e for wr t n g
y
y
y y

ghtlu In deade To x o p hyl e th at is the be tte prayte

you gaue to a gou te yet , and furely e I would hau e
fay d e you h ad bene to blame y fyou h ad o uertk yp te it
Th e R o m ay n es I trowe P h ilologe not to
muc h e b y caufe a gou te wy th cryi n ge faued th eyr
C apitoli u m and h ead toure wy th t h eir golden I up i ter
as Propertius doth fay very p retely in th ys verte
.

An

'

d tu tu : u ace

I au em

ro pert i us

Dy d make a golden gou te an d fet hi r in th e top of ye

C apitolium an d app oyn ted al to th e C en
D
tores to alow out of ye common buteb e
yearly tti p en des for ye n d i n g e of c ertay n e Gee te ye
R o m ay n es did not I faye giuc a1 thys h onor to a gou te
7 7t

on

a n i g h t lzad

al n : I

p i ter, h ad a g ol f
/2 n ot

b aked/e

he

in

hale

of

shooti ng

:3 1

fo r yat good ded e onely bu t fo r other i n n i t mo w h ic h

comme d ay ly to a man byn Gee te an d turely y f I
fh o u ld declam e in ye p rayte of any man er of be tte
ly uy n g I would c h o te a gou te But th e gou te hath
made vs e e to farre from oure matter N owe r
ye h aue h eard e h owe a teth er mu tt be had an d t h at a
h
o
f
t
o
e
et
er on ely I t fo l o we th of a yong go te and
g
an oulde an d th e redue belon gi ng to a teth er :
w h ic h t h ing I wy l l th o rtly e courte ou er : wh ero f
w h en you knowe th e properties you m aye tte you r
fhaftes ac c o rdyn g to you r th o ty n g whic h rule you
m u tt o b teru e in all ot h er thyn ges too b y c aufe no on e
fath i o n or q
uan ti ti e can b e tte for e u er
y m an n o
more than a th oo e or a cote can b e The oulde g oo fe
te th er i s ttyffe an d ftro n g e goo d for a wy n d e an d
fy ttett for a deed fh aft : th e yonge g oo fe te ther i s
w e ak e an d tyn e be tt for a twyfte f
h aft and i t m u tt be
c o u l e d at th e rtt th e ri n
g fo m ewh at h y e for wit h
f
h o ti n g it wy l l ta t tle an d faule very moc h e
Th e
tam e t h ing (alt h ough not to m oc h e ) i s to be con
ty d e red in a g oo fe an d a gander
A fenny g oo fe
e uen as h e r
e th i s black er tto o rer vn h o lto m er to i s
h er teth er for th e fam e c aufe cou rter tto o re r an d
rough er an d th e rfo re I h aue heard very good etc h ers
faye t h at th e feconde tet h er in to m e place i s better
t h en th e pinion i n ot h er tome
Be twixt th e winges i s
ly tle d i eren c e but that you mu tt haue d i uerfe fh aftes
of on e igh t teth ered wit h d i u erfe winges for
di uerfe windes : for i f th e wy n d e an d th e tet h er go
both one way th e th a tr wy ll b e cary e d to m oc h e
Th e pin ion tethers a s i t h ath th e rtte place i n the
wi nge to it hath the fy rtt place in go od fe th eri n ge
You maye knowe i t afore it be pared by a boug h t
wh i c h e i s in it an d ag ayn e wh en i t i s c o l d e by th e
th i n n ette aboue and t h e th i c k n e tte at the gro un d e and
al to by th e tti fn es and n ette which wy ll cary a fh aft
be tter fa tter and fur th er euen as a n e tay le cloth
doth a thy p p e
Th e c o u lo u r of the tether i s le tte to be regarded ,
,

E umpb i l u 15

31

yet fo mmewhat to b e looked on : for a good w h yte

you h aue fo m e ty m e an y l l g rey e
Yet furely e it
ftan d e th with good reafo n to h au e th e cocke feth er
black or grey e as it were to g yn e a man warn ing
to n ocke ry gh t Th e cocke fe th er is c all e d th at
wh ich ftan d eth aboue in rygh t nocking w h ic h if you
do not o b ferue th e other feth ers mu nedes run on th e
bowe and fo m arre your fh o te And th us farre of th e
o l o weth th e
f
h
r
: now f
and
of
your
f
f
c
h
o
f
e
t
e
o
o
d
n
e
e
e
y
g
l e tti n g on Wh e ri n you mu lt l o o k e t h at your feth e rs b e
not drawen for h ai n ee but p ared cuen and rey gh te
with d iligence Th e e tch er drawet h a {e ther w h en
h e h ath but on e fwap p e at it wit h hi s kn y fe an d then
t
h
rub b y n ge it ouer h i s k n yf
e
it
a
lytle
wi
l
t
h
n
a
e
p y
H e pareth it w h en h e taketh l eyfure and h ede to mak e
t rei gh t and enen
e u ery parte of th e ry b apt to {l an d f
on vp o n th e ele T h i s th ing if a man take not h eede
on h e maye chaunce h au e cau fe to faye fo of h i s
etc h er as in d rei n g e of meate is c o mm un e ly e fp o k en
of C ookes : and t h at i s t h at God fen d e th vs good
Yf any
feth ers but th e de uyl l n o ugh ti e Fletchers
etc h ers h eard me faye t h us th ey wolde not be
an gry e wi th me excepte they were y ll e tc h ers : an d
yet by reafo n th o fe etc h ers too ough t rath er to
amend t h em fel ues for doing y ll t h en b e angry wi th
me for faying truth Th e ri b b e in a ye {e th er may
be th inner for fo i t wy ll ftan de cleaner on : but in a
weak e fe th er you m ull l eau e a th icker ri b b e or els yf
o un dac i o n and gro u n d e wh eri n
th e ry b w h ic h is th e f
nature h ath fet eu ery e c l efte of th e fe th er be taken to
nere th e feth er i t mu ite n edes fo l o we th at th e feth e r
f
h al l faule an d d ro up e downe e u en as any herbe
doeth wh y ch e h ath h i s ro o te to nere taken on with a
fe of the fe th er
fpad e
Th e l en g th e an d {h o rtn e f
h afte s as a long feth er for a long
feru e th for diners f
h afte th e fh o rte fe th er for th e contrar y
h eauy or b yg f
tan d e farth er th e longe n e rer
A g ayn e th e th o rte may f
Youre feth e r m u e li ande alm o o e
th e nocke
rey gh t on bu t yet after t h at forte yat i t maye turn e
,

'

'

t he b ut: at shunt i ng

1 33

roun d e i n y i n ge An d h ere I c o n d er th e wonder

full na ture o ffh oo ty n ge wh i c h e lt an d e th all to gy th er by
that fath i o n which i s m olt e apte for q
u i c ke m o u n e
y g
an d that i s by ro u n d en e f
fe
For rfte th e bowe mu ll be
gath ered rounde in drawy n g i t mucome rounde com
r
f
t
a
I
T
e
the
p
yn ge m ufte be rounde the ele rounde the
be it n ocke rounde th e feath er fh o rn e fo m wh at rounde
h afte i n y en g e m u e tu m e rounde an d i f it y e
th e f
far i t y eth a rounde c o mpac e
For ey th er aboue
or b e n eth e a roun de c o mp ac e hy n dereth the y i n ge
M o re o u er bothe the etc h er in makyn g e your fh afte
an d you in n o c ky n g e your fh afte rn u e tak e heede
t h at t wo feth ers equally e runne on th e bowe For
h al
y f one fe th er runne alone on the bowe i t f
f
h
a
ll
i
c k el
m
u
b
e
wo
e
and
n ot be able to match e
q
y
with th e oth er fe th e rs and ag ay n e at th e lowi e y fthe
f
h afte be l y gh t i t wy l ftarte if it b e h euy e i t wi l h oble
An d th us as c on c ern yn g fettyn g on of your f
eth er
Nowe of c o ulyn ge
To {h ere a fhafte h y gh e or lowe mue b e as th e
f
h afte i s b eauy or ly gh t great or lytle long or fh o rt
The {wyn e back ed fafh i o n maketh th e fh aft deader
for i t gath ereth m ore ayer t h an the faddle backed and
th e rf
o re th e faddle backe is furer for d au n g e r of
weth er and tter for fmo th e i i n g Agay n to (h ere
a fh aft ro unde as t h ey were woun t fo m ti me to do or
after the trian gle fath i o n wh y c h e is m uch e vfe d nowe
a dayes bo the b e good For ro un d n ee i s apte for
iyn g e of his o wn e nature an d a1 maner of trian gle
h i o n (th e {harpe p o yn te g o yn g before ) i s alfo
faf
o re fayt h
naturally apte for q
uy c k e en try n g e and th erf
C icero tha t cranes taugh t by nature o b
D
at d oo r
ferne i n yi n ge a triangle fafh i o n alway e s
b y caufe i t i s {o apte to perce and go th oro we th e
ayer wy thall Lafte of all p l uc kyn ge of fe th ers i s
o re le t e u ery
n o ugh te for there i s n o fuerty in i t th e rf
archer h aue fuc h fhaftes th at he maye both e k n ow e
them and tru li them at euery chaunge of wether Ye t
i f t h ey mu ll nedes b e plucked pl uc k e t h em as litle as
.

'

e n

E m pb us B

r3 4

can be fo r {o fh al th ey b e th e le ffe vn c o n ftan te And

thus I h aue knit vp in as fh o rte a ro ume as I c o n l d e
th e b ef
t fe th ers fe th eri n g e an d c o ul i n g e of a f
h af
te
15 M I thyn ke furel y e you h aue fo taken vp th e
matter wy th you yat you haue lefte n o th yn g e b e
h inde you
Nowe you h aue brough t a fh afte to the
h ead wh i c h e if i t were on we h ad done as con
c ern yn g all i n itrum en tes b el o n
h o o ty n g e
gyn g to f
ux N ec efti e th e i n uen to ur of all g o o dn ee (as
all an th o n rs in a maner doo faye ) am o n g es al l oth er
t h i n g e s i n u en ted a f
h aft h eed rfte to fane th e ende
from b reaky n g th en it made i t {harpe to y ck e better
after i t made i t of ftro n g matter to laft b e tter : Laft
of all experience and wyfedo me of men bath e brough t
i t to fuc h e a p ertn effe th at th ere i s no on e thing fo
protable b el o n gyn g to arti ll ari e ei th er to ry ke a
mann es e n emy e forer in warre or to fh o o te neret th e
marke at h ome t h en is a tte heed for both p urp o fes
For if a fh aft lacke a h eed i t i s wo rth n o th y n g e for
nei th er vfe Th erfo re fei n g e h eed es be fo n ec e ffary
th e y m ufl of n ec efti e be wel looked vp o n H eed es
for warre of longe ty me h aue b en mad e not on e ly
of diners matters but alfo of d iners fafhi o n s T h e
Tro i an s h ad h ee d es of yron as t h is verl e fp o k en
of Pandarus lh e we th :
V1 ) to we p appe ki : ri ng di d k: p u ll l a
lra
to ti l e Izarae
,

'

I l i ado s 4

Th e Grecian s had h eed e s of b rae, as V ly f

l e s lh aftes
were h eeded , w h en h e ewe Antinous, an d th e ot h er
wo wers of Pen elope
'

u i te t/zroug /z a ao re,

ewe

a/ha

lzeaa

w i t}: a ra

Od y ssc

I t is pl ayne in Homer where M enelaus was

wounded of Pandarus fh afte yat th e h ee d es were not
gl e wed on but tye d on with a ring as
I l iad
4
th e commen tari es in Greke p l ay n el y e t e ll
And th erfo re lh o ters at t h at ty me to carr y th eir fh afte s
wi th o u te h eed es vn ti ll th ey o c c upy ed th em and t h an
,

os

E l) : S rb ulz o fs hoo t i ng

1 35

fet on an heade as it ap ereth i n H omer the xxi

booke Odya w h ere Penelope brought V li xes bowe
d own e amo n g es the gen tlemen wh i c h e came on wow
ing to her that h e wh i c h e was able to bend e i t and
drawe it migh t i n i o y e her and a fter h er
Ody sse
fo l owed a mayde fayth H omer c ari en g e
a bagge full of b ead es bothe of iron an d b ra ffe
Th e
Th e m en of S cyt h ia v i ed h ead es of braffe
m en of Inde vfed beades o f yron Th e E thiopian s
vfed beades of a harde th arpe f
to n e as
Cl i
both e H erodotus an d Pollux d o tel
H r
my
The German es as C ornelius Tacitu s d oeth
faye had th eyr fh aftes headed wit h bone an d many
c o u n tr es bothe of olde t m e an d n owe vf
e b ead es
y
y
of ho m e but of all oth er yron and ftyl e mue nedes
be th e tte ft for b eades
I ul i u s Pollux calleth o th er wy fe than we doe where
th e fe th ers b e the head and that why c h e 1 P l
we call th e head h e calleth the p o y n te
Fafh i o n of beades i s diners and t h at of olde ty me
two maner of arrowe beades fay e th Pollux was vfe d
i n olde ryme The on e h e calleth 5 y xw o g d efc ryb yn ge
i t t h us h auy n g two p oy n tes or barbes l o o kyn g backe
warde to the {tele and the feth ers which furely we call
i n En gl i fh e a brod e arrowe head or a fwal o we tay l e
Th e other h e calleth y xwxl g h aui n g ii p o y n tes firetc h
yng fo rward e and t h is En g ly fh m en d o call a forke
h ead : b othe th efe two kyn des of beades were vfe d in
H omers dayes for Teucer vfed forked beades fay i n g e
thus to Agamemnon
.

'

e o

l o

e: [aut [at /21h : I

E g / t: g ood /lta
head e
rt

came,

b e

on :

wy t/z aforl :

I l iad

Pandarus h eades an d Vlyffes beade s were b ro o d e

arrow h ead es as a man maye l earn e in H omer t hat
wo ul d e be c uri o ufe in kn o wy n g t h at matter H ercules
vf
e d forked b eades but yet t h ey had thre pointes or
fo rk es when oth er m en n es had but twoo
p l mm h
m CW
l
h
Th e P arthyan s at that great b attel w ere
,

u.

E uropb us 8

36

t h ey newe ri tch e C raffus and his fo n n e vfe d brode

Arrowe beades wh y c h e ftacke fo fore that th e
R o m ay n es could not poule th em out agay n e
Co m
modu s the E mp ero ure vfed forked h eades
B r di a
wh o fe fac i o n H ero d i an e doeth ly u ely an d
naturally d efc ri b e fay i n ge th at th ey were lyke the fhap
of a n ew mone Wh erwy th he would fmi te of th e heade of
a birde and neuer mi lfe other fac i o n of b eades h au e not
I red on
O ur En glyfh e b eades be better in war th an
ey th er forked b eades
or brode arrowe h ead es For
rfte th e ende b ey n g e ly gh ter th ey ee a great deele
th e falt er and by th e fam e reaf
o n gy u eth a far forer
(tripe
Yea and I fup p ofe if ye fame lytle barbes
wh i c h e th ey haue were c l en e put away t h ey f
h ul d
be far better For t h ys euery man doth graunt yat a
f
h aft as long as it y eth turnes an d whan it l eu eth
t urn y n g it l eueth g oy n g any fart h er
And e uery
thy n g e t h at enters by a turn y n g e and boring f
ac i o n
th e more atter i t is th e wo rf
e it enters as a knife
th o ugh e i t be {h arpe yet b ec auf
e of th e edges wil n ot
bore fo wel as a bodkin for e uery rounde th y n ge
e nters b e f
te an d t h erefore nature fay e th A ri f
to tl e made
t h e rayn e dropp es round e for q
ui c ke
p ercy n g e th e
ayer T h us ey th er fh aftes turne n ot i n y en g or els
our atte arrowe b eades {t oppe the fh afte in e n try n ge
g ht Bu t yet Toxop h ile to h olde your c ommun i ca
tion a lytle I fupp o fe th e at heade i s better both e
b y c aufe it maketh a gre ter h oole and alfo b y c aufe i t
{ticks fa lter i n
ux Th efe two reafo n s as they be bothe trewe f0
they be both nough t For fy rft the le ffe h oole y fi t
be depe is th e wo rIt to b eale agaym : when a man
th o teth at hys enemy he d efy reth rather yat i t f
h o ul d
enter far t h an ick fait For what rem edy e i s i t I
praye you for b y m wh y c h is fmi tten with a depe
wo u n d e to p o ull out th e f
h aft q
ui c k ely except it be to
hafte hi s death fp ed ely ? t h u s beades why c h e make a
lytle h ole and depe be better in war t han th o fe whic h
m ake a great hole and it i c k e {af
t in
,

e o

( III) : stb nl e

o f uutin g .

1 37

P O I'
W

7
Pollux m aket h men c i o n of cer
7
tayn e kin des of beades for warw h ich beare
fy re in t h em and fc ri pture alfo fp eak eth fo m wh at of
H erodotus dot h tell a won
t h e fame
H r V a
d e rfu l l pollicy to b e don e by X e rxes w h a t
t y m e h e b ef
eg e d the grea t Toure i n At h enes : H e
made h i s Arc h ers binde t h ere fh afte h e ad es aboute
wy th towe an d t h an fet i t on fy re an d f
h o o te them
wh y c h thyng d one by many Arc h ers fet all th e place s
on fy re why c h were of matter to burn e 3 and b efy d es
t hat dafed t h e men wy th i n f
o yat t h ey k n e we not
wh y th er to turn e t h em
But to make an end e of all
b eades for warre I wo ul d e wy fh e t h at th e h ead makers
of E n gl an de fh o ul d e mak e t h eir th eafe arrowe beades
more h arder poyn ted t h en they be for I my fel fe hau e
fen e of late fu c h beades fet vp o n th eafe A rro we s as ye
o
i c ers y f t h ey h ad fen e t h em wo ul d e n ot hau e ben e
conten t wy th all
N ow as c o n c e rn y n g beades for p ry ckyn g w h ich i s
oure p u rp o fe there be dy uerfe ky n de s fo me be b lo n te
h ead es fom e (h arpe fome bot h b l o n te and th arpe
Th e b l o n t b eades m en vfe b y c aufe t h ey p erc eau e
t h em to be good to kepe a l en gth e wy th all they
kepe a good l en g th e b y c aufe a man p o ul e th e t h em n o
For in fe ly n ge
fe rd er at on e ty m e t h an at anot h er
th e p l o mp e ende al way es e q
u al l e h e may l o wf
e t h em
y
Yet in awi n d e an d agay n fte th e wyn d th e wet h er h ath
fo muc h power on th e brode end yat n o m an can
Th erfo re a
k epe n o fure l en gth e wy th fu ch a heade
b l o n t h ede in a c an l m e or down e a wind is ve ry good
e non e wo rf
o th e rwyf
e
h o ul d e rs
S ha rp e b ead es at t h e ende wy th o ut anye f
( I call tha t the fh o ul d er i n a h eade why c h e a man s
nger fh all fee l e afore i t com e to th e p o y n te ) wy l l
uy c k ly e th ro u h e a w n d e but yet it h at h ii
perc h e q
g
y
d i fc o mm o d i ti es the on e that i t wy ll kepe no l en g th e
i t ke p eth n o l en gth e b y c aufe n o mann e can poule it
cer
t ay n l y a s far on e ty m e as at an o t h er : it i s n ot
d ra en c ertay n ly e fo far one ty me as at an other

I ul i u s

'

e o

r n.

in s
( Compla

r3 8

33

b y c auf
e

i t l ac ke th e fh o ul dry n g e wh erwy th as wy th a
fure token a man my gh te be warn ed when to l o wfe
and alfo b y c aufe menne are afray de of th e th arpe
poyn t for fe ttyn g it in ye bow Th e feconde i n c o m
m o d i ti e i s w h en it is ly gh ted on ye ground ye fmal
h all at e u ery ty m e b e in i eo p ardy e o fh u rty n ge
p o y n te f
wh y c h e th y n g e of all other wyl l fo n elt make th e f
h afte
lefe the l en gth e N ow w h en b l o n te b eades be good
to kepe a l en gth e wythall yet n o ugh te for a wy n d e
{h arpe h ead es good to perche the wet h er wy th al
yet nough t for a length c ertay n e h e ad em ak e rs
d welly n g in London p erc ey uy n g e th e c o m m o d i ti e of
both kynd e of beades i o yn e d wy th a d i fc o mm o d i ti e
i n u e n ted newe les an d ot h er i n f
trum en tes w h ere wy th
b ro ugh te h ead e s for p ry c ky n g e to fuc h a per
tn ee t h at all th e commodities of th e twoo o th er
beades fh o ul d be put in one h eade wy th o ut anye dis
c o mmo d i ti e at all
They made a c ertay n e kynde of
b eades wh y c h e men ca l l hie rigged c re afe d or f
h onl
dred h eades or fy lu er fp o n e beades for a c ertay n e
fe t h at fuch e beades h aue wy th th e knob ende
ly k en ef
of fom e fy luer fp on es
Th efe b eades be good both to kepe a length with al
an d alfo to perch e a wy n de wy th al to kepe a length
wyt h all b y c aufe a man maye c ertay n ly poule it to th e
fh o ul dryn ge eu ery fh o o te and n o fart h er to perch e a
wy n d e wyth all b y c aufe th e pointe from th e fh o ul d e r
fo rward e b rek eth th e wet h er as a1 other {harpe th y n ges
doo So th e b l o n te fh o ul d er feru eth e for a fure l en gth e
k epy n ge th e p o y n te alfo i s euer t for a ro ugh e and
greate weth er p ercyn g An d th us much as ih o rtly e as
I could as c o n c ern yn g b eades bot h for war and peace
g ht B ut i s th ere no cunning as concerning fetting
on of y e h ead P
Wel rememb red But that poynt belongeth to
etc h ers yet you may d efyre b ym to fet youre h eade
full on and c l o fe on Ful on is whan th e wood i s
be [
n] t h ard vp to the ende or lt Op py n ge of th e h e ade
c lo f
e on i s w h en t h ere is lefte wood on e ue ry e f
y de
,

'

but: ( I f Q uo tin g

39

the fh afte y n o ug h e to fy l l the head wi th al l or when i t

is n ey th er to little nor ye t to greate I fth ere be any
faulte in any of th efe p o y n tes ye head w h an it l ygh teth
on any hard fton e or gro un d e wi l be in i eo pe rdy
ey th e r of b reaky n g e or els o th erw f
S to p
y e h urty n ge
p yn g e of b eades ey th er wy th l ead e or any th yn g e els
lh al l not nede n o w b y caufe e uery l ue r fp o n e or
lh o wl d re d h ead is {t opped of i t fe lfe S h o rte b eades b e
better t h an longe : For rfte the longe h ead is wo rfe
for th e maker to fyle firaygh t c o mp ace e uery waye :
agay n e i t i s wo rfe for th e e tc h e r to fet lt ray gh t on
thy rd ly e i t i s al way es i n more i eo p erdi e of b reak i n g e
w h an it is on An d nowe I trowe Philologe we h aue
done as c o n c ern y nge all I n ftrumen tes b el o n gyn g to
fh o o ty n g e wh i c h e e u ery fe re arc h er ough t to pro uy d e for
b y m fe lfe
And there re m ay n eth ii thyn g es b ehi n d e
wh i c h e b e generall or common to e u e ry man th e
W ether an d the Marke but b i caufe t h ey b e fo kni t
wy th f
h o o ty n ge tt raygh t or k epy n g e of a l en gth e I
wy l l d e ferre t h em to t h at place an d now we will come
h
h
ll
n
r
u
m
n
s
God
w
to
handle
oure
t
t
ing
i
n
f
t
e
e
t
e
(
y y g)
t h at e uery man d e re th to do wel
e
0 well to h an dle th e f
19M I f you can teac h e me [
i n itrum en tes as yo u haue d efc ri b ed them I fupp o fe I
f
h al b e an archer good y n o ugh
Eli ot To l earn e any thing (as you knowe better t h an
I P h ilologe ) and fp ec i ally e to do a thing wi th a manne s
b andes m uf
t be don e if a man wo uld e be excell en t i n
h i s yonth e
Yonge tree s in gardens which lacke a1
feu l es and b e alt e s with out reafo n when they b e yo ng
may wi th hand ling and teach ing be broug h t to won
d e rfull th yn g es
An d thi s i s not onely true in n atural
th i n g es bu t in art i c i al l th i n ge s to as th e potter mo lt
te
of
c o n n y n g l y doth ca it h i s p o tte s w h an h i s clay e i s f
and workable and waxe taketh pri nte wha n i t i s
warme and l eath i e weke n ot whan claye an d wax e b e
hard an d oulde an d euen fo euery e man in his y o u th e
bot h e with wi tt e and body is m o lte apte and pliabl e
to rec ey ue any c un n y n g t hat fh ul d e b e taugh t hy m
,

E urupb u

t 4o

This communication of teac h ing yonthe mak eth me

u ll and my n g ul e rgood
to remembre th e rig h t wo rlh i p f
ter S i r Humfrey Wi n gfel d e to w h om n e x te God
m ay f
I ough t to refer for his man i fo l d e b e n etes b e fto we d
on me th e poore talen t of l earn y n g wh i c h e god h at h
lent me and for h i s fake do I o we my ferui c e to all
oth er of th e name and noble h o ufe of th e Wy n g fe l d es
both e i n woo n l and dede Th ys wo rth yp full man h ath
e d to h aue many c h ildren brough t
eu er l o ue d an d vf
e lf
e
vp in l earn y n g e in his h o uf
e am o n g e s wh o m e I my f
was one For w h om at term e t ymes h e wo ul de b ry n g
downe from Lon don bot h e bowe and lh afte s And
when t h ey fh u l d playe h e wo u l d e go with t h em h i m
l
h
f
h
h
e t h at
e
and
f
e
t
e
m
o
o
t
e
and
fe lfe in to th e f
e
d
y
fh o t fay relt fh u ld e h aue th e be lt bowe and lh afte s
and he t h at thot ilfauo uredly e fh ul d e be mocked o f
his fel o wes til h e fh o t better
Wo ul de to god all E n g lan d e had vfe d or wolde vfe
to lay th e fo un dac i o n of youth after th e example o f
t h i s wo rfh i p ful man in b ri n gy n g vp c hy l dre n in th e
B ooke and th e B owe : by wh i c h e two th yn ge s th e h ol e
common wel th both in peace and warre is c h efely e
ruled and defended wyth all
B ut to our p u rp o fe h e t h at mu fte come to t h is high
p erfet n es in fh o o ty n g w h i ch we fpeak e of mu lte nedes
b eg i n to l earn e i t in h y s y o uth e th e omitting of wh i c h e
h o o ters and
th i n g e in E n gl an d e bot h maket h fewer f
alfo eu ery man t h at i s a fh o ter fh o te warfe than h e
mygh t if h e were taught
19 E uen as I knowe t h at this i s tru e wh i c he you
faye e uen fo Toxop h ile h aue you quyte d i fc o urag ed
me and drawen my minde cleane from fh o o ty n ge
fe i n ge by t h i s reafo n no man yat h ath not vfe d i t in
And I fu pp o fe th e
h i s yont h e can be excellent in it
fame refo n wo uld e di fc o urag e many oth er mo y f t h ey
h eard e you talke after t h is forte
ux T hi s t h yng P h ilologe fh all d i fc o u rage n o man
that is wy fe For I wy ll proue yat wi fdo m e may wo rke
ame th i n ge in a man t h at nature do th in a c hylde
th e f
,

El) : s rbul e

of

wanti

ng

:4 1

A c h yld e by t h re th i n g e s , is broug h t to e xc e l le n c i e
By A ptn e lTe, D e re , and F eare : A ptn effe maket h b y m
pliable lyke wax e to be formed and fafh i o n e d , euen as a
man wo ul d e haue b y m D e fyre to be as good or better ,
t han h i s fel o wes : an d Feare of t h em wh o m e h e i s
vn d er, wy l c auf
e b y m take great labour an d payn e
with diligent h ede , i n l earn y n ge any th i n ge, wh e ro f
r
c
h
h
o
e
d
e
t
at
t
e la tte e xcellency and p e rf
e ftn e f
fe
p
A man maye by wifdo me i n l earn y n g any th in ,
and fp ec i al ly to fh o o te , h aue thre lyke co mmodities
a
l fo , wh erb y h e maye , a s it were become younge
agay n e, an d fo attay n e to e x c e ll en c i e
Fo r as a
ch ilde is apte by n atural l youth , fo a man by vfyn g at
the rfte weak e bowes , far vn d e m eth hi s ltren gth ,
f
h al be as pliable an d ready e to b e taug h t fayre
f
h o tyn g as any ch yld e : and d ay ly e vfe o f th e fame ,
f
h al bo th kepe h y m in fayer f
h o ty n g, an d alfo at ye
la ft b ryn g b y m to ft ro n ge fh o o tyn ge
An d i n tt ed e of th e feruen te d e fy re, w h ich pro
u o k e th a chylde to b e better th an hys f
e l o we , lette a
man be as much e fti rre d vp wi th fh am efaftn es to be
wo rfe t h an all ot h er
An d the fame place t h at feare
hath e i n a c h ylde , to compel l h i m to take p ey n e , th e
fame h ath l oue of fh o ty n g in a m an , to c aufe b y m
fo rfake n o labou r, wi th o u te wh i c h e n o man n or chylde
c an be excel len t
And t h us wh atfo euer a c h ylde
may be taugh t by A p tn e ffe , D e re, and Feare , th e
fame t h ing in fh o o ty n g e , maye a man be taugh te by
fe an d Loue
weak e bowes , Sh am e f
af
tn e f
And h ereby yo u may fe that that i s true wh i c he
C icero fay eth , th at a man by vfe, may be b ro ugh te to
a newe nature And t h i s I dare be bould to faye , t h at
any man wh i c h e wi ll w i fely b egy n n e, and c o n ftan tly e
p e rfe ue r in t h i s trade of l earn y n g to lh ote , lh al l at tay n e
to p e rfe ctn ee th erein
19 T h is communication Toxop h ile , doeth p l eafe
me very e well an d n owe I p erc ey ue t hat mo lt e gen e
rally an d c h e fly yon th e m u c be taugh te to fh o o te, an d
fe c on d ari ly e no man i s debarred t herfro m excepte it be
.

'

M
.

( Campb il tt 33

r4 2

more thorough h i s o wn e negligence for b i c au fe h e wy ll

not l earn e th an any di fab i l i ti e b i c aufe h e can not lerne
Th erfo re s ey n g I wy ll be glad to fo l o we you r c o un fel l
i n c h o fyn g e my bowe and oth er i n ftrumen tes and alfo
am alh am e d t h at I can lh ote no better t h an I can
m o reo u er h auyn ge fuch e a lou e toward lh o yn ge by
your good real ons to day th at I wy l l fo rfak e n o
labour i n th e e x erc i fe of the fame I b efec h e you
i magyn th at we h ad both e bowe and lhaftes here and
teac h e m e h owe I fh o ul d h andle t h em an d on e th y n ge
I d efyre you make me as fayre an Arch er as you can
For t h ys I am l ure in l earn yn ge all oth er matters
h
a
l
l
h
v
w
ic
n o th n g e i s b ro ugh te to th e m o o lt p ro f
t
b
e
c
y
y
i s not h andled after th e m o o ft c umly e falh i o n As
malters of fence h aue no ltro ke t eth er to h i t an
o t h er or elfe to defende b y m felfe why c h e i s not
A C ooke can
i o y n ed wy th a wo n d erful l c uml i n effe
n ot chop hy s herbes n ei th er q
u i c k el y e nor h an f
o m ly e
ex cepte h e kepe fuche a m e l ure with h y s c h o pp y n ge
k n i ue s as wo ul d e d ely te a manne both to fe b y m and
h eare h ym
E uery e h and craft man t h at wo rk es be lt for hys
o wn e p ro f
y te wo rk es mo lt fem ely e to ot h er mens
gh t A gay n e in b uy l dy n g e a h o ufe in maky n ge a
thypp e eu e ry parte the more h an fo m el y t h ey be
i oy n ed for p ro fy t an d lalte the more c u mly e t h ey be
falh i o n ed to eu ery mans fygh t and eye
Nature i t
fel fe taug h t men to i oy n e al way es we l fau o ure dn effe
wit h p ro fy tab l en elfe As in man that i o y n t or pece
which i s by anye chaunce d ep ri ue d of hys cumly
n e ll e th e fame i s al l o debarred of h y s vl c an d p ro f
y
.

t ab l en ef
fe

As h e that i s g o gl e eyde and loke s a fq

n i n te hath
both hys c o un ten aun ce c l en e marred an d hys l i gh t
fore b l em my fh ed an d l o in all other members lyke
M o reo u er what ty m e of th e y eare b ry n g eth m oo tte
p ro f
y te wy th i t for man s vfe th e fam e alfo c o u ere th
and d ekk eth both e e arth e and trees wy th m o o lt cu mly
ne ll e for man s p l eafure A nd t h at tyme why ch tak eth e
,

Eb :

ote o f Shoo tin g

sm

:4 }

awaye the p l eafure of the gro un d e cari eth wy th h ym

al l o th e p ro fy t o f the g ro un de as eu ery man by e x p e
ri en c e knowet h i n h arde an d ro n g h e w inters
S om e
th y n g es t h ere be wh y c h h aue n o ot h er end e but onely
c u ml n ef
fe as p ayn tyn g an d D au n fmg An d vertue it
y
fe lfe i s n o th yn g e eles but c u m l y n efle a s al P h i l o
{Oph ers do agree in Opinion th erfo re fey n g e th at wh y c h
i s be lt don e i n anye matters is al way e s m o o lt c um ly e
don e as both Plato an d C icero i n manye places
do proue an d day ly e expe rience dot h e teache in ot h er
t hy n g e s I praye you as I f
ay d e before teatc h e m e to
lh o o te as fayre an d wel fau o ured ly as you can imagen
more Trewly e Philologe as you proue very e well in
ot h er matters the be lt fh o o tyn g e i s al way es th e m oo lt
h o o ty n ge b ut thys you know as well as I t h at
c u mly e f
fu s fh ewe th e in C icero t h at as c u ml i n e lfe is the
C raf
c h efe p oynt and m o lt to be fought for in all thyn g es
l o c u m ly n e ll e o n ly e can n eu er be ta u gh t by any Art e
or craft But maye be p erc ey ued well w h en i t i s don e
n ot d efc ri b ed wel how it lh o ul d be don e
Ye t n eu e rth el elfe to comm e to it t h ere b e manye
waye why c h way es m en h aue affay d e in oth er matters
i o o te
as y f a man would fo l o we i n l earn y n g e to
faire the noble paynte r Z eux e s in p ay n ty n g H elena
wh y c h e to make hi s Image b e wti ful l dy d c h ofe out v
of th e fayreft m ay d e s in al th e coun trie ab oute an d in
b e h o ldy n g e t h em c o n c e y u ed an d drewe out fuch e an
I mag e that it far exceded a1 oth er b y c aufe th e c o m eli
ne ll e of them al was b ro ugh te in to on e m o o lt p erfy te
e in lh o ty n g e y fa man wo u l d e
e : S o l y k e wy f
c o m el i n e lf
l et before hys eyes v or vi of th e fay re lt A rchers t h at
eu e r h e l aw lh o o te an d of on e l earn e to ltan d e of a
n o th er to d rawe of an oth er to l o wfe and l o take of
e u ery man w h at eu ery man c o n l d e do be lt I dare faye
h e lh o u ld e come to fuc h e a c o mly n elfe as neuer man
came to yet
As for an example i f th e m o o lt comely
i
n
n g e t h at H ewe Prophete th e K yn g e s
f
h
o
o
t
t
e
n
o
y
p y
fe ruaun te b ath and as my fre n d es T h omas and Raufe
C antrell doth vfe with th e mo o lt femely e fac y o n s t h at
,

'

m or 1 1 11 excellent Arc h ers h au e b ed e were al i o y n ed

in one I am fure all men wo ul d e wonder at ye exc e llen c i e
of i t An d th is is one waye to l earn e to lh o o te fayre
g ht This is very wel truly but I praye you teac h e
me fo m e wh at of lh o o ty n g fayre youre fel fe
I can teach e you to lh oo te fayre eu en as
S ocrates taugh t a man ones to knowe God for w h en
he axed hy m what was God : n aye fay eth he I can tell
you better w h at God i s not as God is n ot y ll God i s
vn f
p eak eab l e vn fearc h eab l e an d l o forth : E u en lyke
wyl e can I faye of fayre lh o o tyn g it h ath not this dif
commodite with i t nor t h at d i fc o mm o d i ti e and at laft
a man maye fo lh i fte all th e d i fc o mm o d i ti e s from
f
h o o ty n g e t h at t h ere f
h all b e left no th y n g e b ehyn d e
but fayre fh o o ty n g e And to do t h is th e better you
mu lt remember h owe t h at I toulde you w h en I de
fc ry b ed generally th e hole nature of lh o o ty n g t h at
fayre lh o ty n g came of t h e l e thy n g es of ltan dyn ge
d rawy n g e h o wl dy n g c and l o wfy n g e t h e
n o c ky n g e
wh y c h I wy ll go ouer as lh o rtly as I can d efc ri b y n g e
c o mm o d i ti es th at men commonly vf
th e di f
e in al l
partes of th e y r bod ies t h at you y f you faulte in any
l uch maye knowe i t and l o go about to amend i t
Fau l tes in Arc h ers do excede th e number of Arc h ers
h o o ty n g e wy th o ute teac h
why c h e come wy th vl c of f
and c ulto me fep arate d from k n o wl eg e
e
y n ge
an d l earn y n g e dot h not onely h urt lh oo tyn g e but th e
m o o lt we y g h ty e th y n g es in th e wo rl d e b e de : And
o re I m aruay l e moc h e at t h o l e people wh y c h e
th erf
be th e m ay n e ten ers of vfe s wi th o ute k n o wl ege h auyn ge
n o o th er worde in th ey r mouth e b ut t h ys vf
e vf
e cu lt
ome c u lto m e S uch e men more wy lful t h an wy l e
b ed e oth er di fc o m m o di ti es take all place and o cc afi o n
fro m al amendment And t hys I fp eak e gen erally of
vl c and c ult o me
Wh y c h thy n g e y f a learned man had it in h ande
yat wo ul d e app ly e i t to anye one matter he m ygh t
But as fo r lh o o tyn g vfe is the
h andle i t wo n d erful l y e
onely c aufe of all fau tes in it an d th e rfo re c h yl dern e
.

'

t he b ut: at

shootin g

:4 5

and l oner maye be taug h t to lh ote excel

l en tl y e t h en men b y c aufe c hy l d ern e may be taught
t o lh o o te well at th e f
y rlte men hau e m ore payn e to
vn l earn e th eyr y l l vf
es
than they haue 1aboure a fter
warde to come to good fh oo ty n ge
All the d i fc o mmo di ti es wh i c h e il l c ulto me hath
uy c kl y e p o ul l ed
graed in arc h ers can n ey th er be q
out n or yet fone rec k en ed of me they b e l o manye
S ome f
h o o te th hi s head fo rward e as though he
wo ul de b y te the mark e : an other ltareth wyt h hys
eyes as t h ough they fh ul de y e ou t : A n other
winketh wi th one eye an d l oketh wit h th e other :
S ome make a face with writh ing th ey r mouthe an d
c o un te n aun c e f
o as th ough they were d o y n g you wott e
w h at : An oth er b l ereth ou t his tonge : An oth er
b y te th hi s l ypp es An other holdeth hi s necke a wrye
I n drawy n g fome fet fuche a c o mpalfe as th o ugh e
they wo uld e tou rn e abou t an d b ll e all the feelde :
O th er h eaue th eyr hand n owe vp n owe downe th at a
man can n ot d ec ern e wh erat t h ey wolde l hote an
oth er wagg eth th e vp p er en de of h i s bow one way
th e n eyth e r ende an oth er waye An other wi l fland
n e his lh a
f
t
h
w
h
l
at
marke
a
good
an
d
by
o
n
i
t
e
e
t
e
y
g
y
p
and by h e wy l l gy ue b ym a whip an d awaye or a man
wite
An other maketh fuche a wreftl i n g with h i s
gere as th o ugh e he were able to lh o o te n o more as
longe as h e ly ued A n other draweth fo ftly to ye mid
des an d by and by i t i s gon you can not kn owe howe
A n other draweth h i s fh afte lowe at th e b realte
as th o ugh e he wo ul de lh o o te at a ro uy n g e marke an d
by and by h e lifteth hi s arm e vp p ricke h eygh te An
other maketh a wryn c h i ng e wi th hys backe as though
a manne pyn c h ed b y m b ehy n de
An o ther c o ureth down e and laye th out his but
t oc ke s as though he l h o ul d e lh o o te at crowes
An other l etteth fo rward e hys lefte legg e and d raw
eth backe wy th h e ad and fh o wld ers as th o ugh e he
m
l
at
a
rope
or
els
were
a
f
r
a
d
of
ye
arke
u
e
d
e
o
y
p
An oth er d raweth hi s fh afte well vn ty l l wy th i n i i
more

e all y

'

Qtuyophi l u

1 46

fy n g ers of th e h ead , and th an h e ftay eth a lyttle , to

l o o k e at hys marke , and t h at done , p o ul eth i t vp to
wh y c h w aye alth ough fu mm e
th e h ead , and l o wf
e th
excell e nt lh o ters do vfe, yet fure ly i t i s a faulte , an d
good m en n e s faul tes are not to be fo l o wed
S umme m en drawe to farre , l umme to lh o rte, l umme
to ll o wl y e , fumm e to qui ck ely , l umme h olde ouer longe ,
l umme l e t go ouer fone
S umm e fette th ey r lh afte on th e gro u n d e and fetc h
e th h i m v
arde An ot h er p o yn te th vp to ward e th e
lk y e , and fo b ry n g eth b y m d o wn eward es
O nes I fawe a mann e wh y c h e vfed a b rafar on h i s
c h eke , or elles h e h ad fc ratc h ed all th e lky n n e of th e
one l yde , of h i s face , with h i s d rawy n g e h and
An oth er I fawe , wh i c h e at e u ery e lh o o te, after th e
l o o fe , l y fte d vp h i s rygh t legge l o far, t h at h e was euer
in i eo perdy e of fauly n g
S umme lt am p e fo rward e, an d fu mm e l eap e back
warde All t h e l e faul tes be ey th er in th e d rawy n ge ,
or at th e l o o fe with many oth er mo wh i ch e you
may eafely e p erc eyue, and l o go about to auoy d e th em
N owe afterwarde w h an th e lh afte i s gone , men haue
manye faul te s, why c h e euell C ult o m e h ath b ro ugh te
th em to , and fp eci al ly i n c ry i n ge after th e lh afte, and
fp eaky n g e wo o rd es fc arc e h o n e lt for fuc h e an h o n elt
palty m e
S uch e wo o rdes be very e tokens of an ill m yn d e ,
an d m an i felt e l i gn es of a man t h at i s fub i e te to i n
m ealurab l e affe cti ons
Good m en n es cares do abh or
t h em , an d an h o n elt man th erfo re wy l auo y d e t h em
An d b efy d es t h ol e wh i c h e mu lte nedes haue th ey r
tongue t h u s walky n ge, oth er men vfe oth er fautes as
fome will take th ey r bowe and wri th e an d wri n ch e i t,
to poule in h i s lhafte, w h en it y eth wyde , as yf h e
d rau e a carte
S ome wy ll gyn e two or iii ltry d es
fo rward e, d aun l i n g and h o ppy n g e after h i s lh afte, as
long as i t fly e th , as t h ough h e were a m adman
S ome w h ich feare to be to farre gon e , runne backe
warde as it wer e to poule his lh afte backe Anoth er
runneth fo rward e, w h an he feareth to be fb ort , h e au
.

'

EU) : S thal e

of

s hunt i n g

r4 7

y n g e after his armes , as t h ough he wo ul d e helpe h i s

lh af
te to y e
An oth er wri th es or runneth a l yde , to
poule in his lh afte ltray gh t O n e lifteth vp h i s beele,
an d l o holdeth hi s foo te lti ll , as longe as hi s lh afte
y eth
An o th er c afte th hi s arm e b ac k eward e afte r
e
And an other fwy n ges hy s b owe aboute
th e l o wf
b y m , as it were a man wit h a ltalfe to mak e ro u me in
a gam e place And manye oth er faul tes t h ere be ,
wh i c h e nowe com e n ot to my rem emb rau n c e
Th u s
as you h au e h e ard e, manye archers wy th marry n g e
t h eyr face and c o u n ten aun c e, wy th ot h er partes , of
h o ul d e d au n c e an
t h ey rb o d y e , as it were menn e t h at f
tiques , be farre from th e c o m el y e porte in lh oo ty nge ,
wh i c h e h e t h at wo u l d e be excellen t mu lte l o o ke for
O f th e fe faul tes I haue veri c many my felfe , but I
talke n ot of my lh o o tyn g e, bu t of th e generall natu re
of lh oo ty n ge Nowe ym agi n an Archer t h at i s cleane
wy th o u t a1 th efe faul tes an d I am l ure euery e man
would b e d ely ted to fe b y m lh o o te
An d al th o ugh e fuche a p e rfy te c umly n e ffe can no t
be ex preffed wy th any p rec ep te of teac h yn g , as C icero
and ot h er learned menn e d o faye , yet I wy ll fp e ak e
l
h
n
to
my
lytle
k
n
w
that
t
ing i n i t,
a
cc
r
d
o
e
e
o
y g
g )
(
w hy c h y f you fo l o we , al th o ugh e you lh all not b e
wyt ho ut faul t, yet your fault f
h al n ey th er quickly be
r
c e ue d, nor yet greatly rebuked of t h em t h at ltan d e
e
p
by S tan dyn g , n oc kyn g , drawy n g, h o l dyn g , l o wfy ng ,
don e as t h ey fh o ul de be don e, mak e fayre lh o o ty n g e
T h e fy rfte poyu te is w h en a man fh o uld e l ho te , to
take fuch e fo o tyn g an d ltan d y n g as fh al b e
S tan d y ng c
both c um ly e to th e eye an d pro fy tab l e to
h y s vfe , fetty n g h y s c o un ten au n c e and al th e other parte s
of hys b o dy e after fu ch e a b ehaui o ur and porte , that
bo the al h s ltren g th e may b e employed to hys o wn e
m oo lt a d uan tage, an d hys lh o o t made and h andled
to o th er men s pl eafure an d dely te A man m u ft n ot
go to h aftel y to i t, for t h at i s rafh n effe, n or yet mak e
to much to do abou t it , for yat is c uri o ti e , ye one
fote mu lt n ot ltan de to far from th e ot h er, le ll e h e
ll o u pe to muc h e wh y c h e is vn fe m ely e, n or yet to nere
.

1 48

npb itus B
t ur
.

together l elte h e ltan d e to ftreyght vp for l o a man lh all

n e y th er vf
e h y s ltren gth e wel l n o r yet ltan d e lt edf
alt ly e
Th e mean e b e twy x t bot h e mu lt be kept a t h ing
more pl eafaun te to b eh o ul de when it is done th an eae
to be taugh t howe i t lh o ul d e be done
To nocke well i s the eaelt p o y n te of all and th ere
in is no c un n i n g e b ut o n el y e dy l ygen te hede
N ky g
gyu y n g to fet h y s lh afte meyth e t to h y e nor
to lowe but eu en f
t reygh t o u ertwh arte h y s bowe V n
c o n ltan te n o c kyn g e maketh a man leefe hys l en th e
g
An d b efy d es t h at y f th e lh afte hande be h y e an d
th e b owe h ande lowe or contrarie both e t h e bowe i s
in i eo pardy e of b reky n ge and th e lh afte y fi t be lytle
wy ll ltart : y fi t be great i t wy l l hobble
Nocke th e
cocke feth er v ard al way es as I toulde you when I
d efc ri b ed th e feth er And b e fure al way es yat your
lt ri n g e ip not out of th e nocke for t h en a1 i s in
i eo p ardy e of b reakyn ge
D rawy n g e well is the be lt parte of
Drawy g
l h o o ty n g
Men in oulde ty m e vfed oth er
maner of d rawy n ge t h an we do They vfed to drawe
low at th e bre it to th e rygh t pap and no farther and this
t o be trew i s playn e i n Homer w h ere he d el c ryb eth
Pandarus lh o o ty n ge
I l iad 4
,

oc

e.

rzn g e dy d ll e p u l
ae to th e hard heed
Th e noble women of S cyth ia vfed the fame falh y o n
of lh o o tyn g low at th e b relt an d b i caufe th ere lefte
pap h i n d re d th ey r fh o o ty n g e at the lo wfe t h ey cut i t
of wh en t h ey were yonge and th erfo re b e th ey called
in l ac ky n ge th eyr pap Am a zones N owe a dayes
c o n trar e wy f
h
h
a
r
we
drawe
to
r
e
t
e
t
e
e
e an d not to
y
g
y
W h eth er th e olde waye in drawy n ge low to
th e pap
t h e pap, or th e new way to dra w a lo f
t to
p m pg
H i P m
t h e care be better an excellen te wryt er in
Gr eke called Pro c opius d oth faye hys myn de lh ewyn g
s
a
w
f
l
h
a
t
t
h
oulde
a
n
in
rawing
to
ye
pap
e
o
d
y
y
nough t of n o p i th e and therfo re faith Procopius : i s
A rty llary e d i fpray fed in H omer wh y c h calleth it
ab rl m o r I
We nke and ab l e to do no good Draw
'

I }? to t/w p ap

co

us

( the rbutz

of

shoot i ng

:49

yn g to th e c are h e p ray feth greatly , whereby men

lh o o te bot h e ltro n ger an d longer : d rawy n g e th e rfo re
to the care is better t h an to drawe at the bre ll e
And one t hyng c o mmeth i nto my rem emb raun c e n owe
Philologe w h en I fp eak e of drawy n g, that I n eu e r
red of o th er kynde of lh o o ty n g , than drawi n g wy th a
man s h and et h er to the b relte or eare : Thi s t h yn g
haue I foug h t for in H omer H erodotus an d Plutarch ,
and th e rfo re I me ruay l e how c ro fb o we s came fy rlt vp ,
of th e which I am l ure a man lh all n de
C ro s b tm c s
lytle mention mad e on i n any good A uth o ur
Leo th e E m p ero ure wo uld e haue h y s fo uldy ers
drawe quy c kly e i n warre , for that maketh a th a l t i e
a pace I n fh oo ty n g e at the p ry c k es , h alt y and quieke
drawing i s n ey th er fure n or yet c umly e T h e rfo re to
drawe eafel y and vn i fo rm ely, t h at i s for to faye not
waggy n g your hand , n ow p
arde , now d o wn eward C, but
al way es after on e falh i o n vn ti l you come to th e ri g or
lh o u ld rin g of ye h ead , i s be lt bot h for pro t an d femel i
n elf
e , H o l d yn g e mu lt not be longe , for i t
H o ldi n g
bot h e pu tteth a bo we in i e Op ardy , an d alfo
marreth aman s fh o o te, i t mu lt be l o lytle yat it may be
p e rc ey ued bett er in a mans m yn d e when i t i s don e , than
feen e wi th a mans eyes w h en i t i s in d o yn g
Lo ws y n g e
Lo wfyn ge mult e be muche lyke
So
i
r
l
u
k
h
d
es
o
c
hard
yat
i
t
b
e
w
oute
all
e
a
n
d
t
,
g
y
qy
l ofte an d ge n tl e t h at the lh afte
y e not as i t were
fente ou t of a bow cafe The meane b etwi x te bot h e ,
why c h e i s p erf
y te l o wfyn ge i s not fo hard to be
fo lo wed i n f
h o o ty n g e as i t i s to be d efc ryb ed in
For clean e l o wfyn g e you mull t ak e h ede of
t eac hy n g
h yt tyn g e any th y n g e aboute you
And for
the fame p urp o fe Leo the E m p ero urwould
h aue a1 Archers i n war to h aue both th eyr b eades
th e y r
h
h
n
l
an
d
t
h
ere
berdes
l
h
a
n
l
lt
t
e
eare
of
e
o
e
d
u
e
e
,
p
b eades lh u l d lto p th e fy gh t of th e eye , th e h eere of
tryn g e
th eyr berdes hi nder th e c o urf
e of th e f
And t h e l e p rec ep te s I am fure P h ilologe y fyou fo l o we
i n ltan dyn g n o c ky ng , d rawy n g e h o l dy n ge , and lo wfy n g e ,
f
h al b ry n g you at th e l alt to e xcellen t fayre lh o o ty n g e
.

intUpb il tt

t 5o

glji All th el e

thy n g es

Toxoph ile al th o ugh e I bothe

nowe p erc ey ue t h em th o ro wly e and alfo wy l l remember
t h em di lli g en tly : yet to m o ro we or fome ot h er day w h en
you h aue l eafure we wy ll go to th e p ry c k es and put th em
by lyt le and lytle in experience For teac hyn g e not fol
owed doeth eu en as much e good as b o ok es neuer looked
vp o n
B u t nowe feing you h aue taugh t me to l hote fayre
I praye you tel me fo mwh at how I fh o ul d fh o o te nere
lefte th at p ro uerb e mygh t be fayd i ultly e of me fome
H e th o o tes lyke a gen tle man fayre and far of
ty m e
@032 H e t h at can lh o o te fayre lacketh n o th y n g
bu t lh o o ty n g ftreygh t and k epyn g of a length wh ero f
c o mm e th h y tty n g e of th e marke
the ende both of
lh o o ty n g and alfo of thys our communication
Th e
h an d ly n g of ye wet h er and the mark b i c aufe t h ey
belong to lh o o ty n g ftreygh te and k epy n ge of a
l en gth e I wy ll i o y n e t h em to gy th er lh ewi n g e what
th i n g es belonge to k epy n g e of a l en g th e and w h at to
.

fh o o ty n ge f
trey gh t
Th e g reatelt enemy of lh o o tyn g I S th e wy n d e and
th e weth er, wh erb y true k epyn g a l en g th e is c h e f
ely
h i n d re d
I f this t hing were not , men by
wy n d e an d
we th er
teaching migh t be brough t to wonde rful
n eare lh oo t n e
I t is no m aruay l e if th e litle poore
y g
lh afte being fent alon e , fo h igh i n to th e ayer into a
great rage of weth er, one wy n d e to fn ge i t th at waye , an
oth er th ys waye , it is no m aruay l e I faye , th o ugh e i t
leefe th e l en g th e, an d m i lfe t h at place w h ere th e fh o o ter
h ad though t to h aue fo un d e it
Greter matters t h an
lh o ty n g e are vn d er th e rule an d wyll of th e weth er,
as fay l y n ge on the fea An d ly k e wi fe as i n fay l i n g ,
th e c h efe poyn t of a good m af
ter, is to knowe th e
token s of c h aunge of weth er, the co urfe of th e wy n de s,
t h at the rb y he maye th e be tter come to th e Hauen :
h o o ter, i s to
e u en f
o th e belt p ro p erti e of a good f
kn owe the nature of th e wy n d es , with b y m and
agay n lte b y m, t h at t h ereby h e maye th e n erer lh ote
at h y s marke Wy fe m ay lters whan th ey cann e not
win ne th e be ll e h auen , th ey are gl ad de of the n exte :
Good fh o o te rs alfo , yat can n ot w h an they would h i t
.

m) :

at shout i ng

t ul c

:5 1

the mark e wil labour to come as nigh as they can

Al l th i n ges in this wo rl d e be vn p erte and vn c o n ltan t
t h erf
o re le t eu ery man ac kn o wl eg e h y s o wn e we ak e
n e lf
in all matters great an d fmal weygh ty e and
e
mery e an d gl o ri e h i m i n wh o me only p erfyt e p e rt
n e lf
e is
B u t n owe fi r h e that wy ll at all aduen tures
vf
e the feas kn o wi n ge n o more w h at i s to be done in
a temp elt than in a can l m e lh all fo o n e b ec umm e a
marc h aun t of E ele lk i n n es : fo t h at f
h o ter wh i c h e
putteth n o d i fference b ut lh o o te th in al l lyke in
rough wether and fayre , fh all alway e s p ut hi s wyn
n i n g e s in hi s eye s
Lytle botes and th i n n e boord es can not endure the
rage of a te mp elt We ake bowes and l ygh t lh afte s
can not fl ande i n a rough wyn d e And ly ke wyfe as a
b l y n d e man whic h lh o u l d e go to a place w h ere h e had
neu er ben afore th at h ath but on e ltray g h te waye to
it an d of ey th er l yde booles and p y ttes to faule into
nowe fall e th i n to t h i s h ol e and th an into t h at hole
an d neuer c o mm eth to his i o u rn ey ende bu t wanderet h
al wai es h ere an d there fart h er and farth er of : S o t h a t
archer w h ich i gn o raun tl y lh o teth c o n d eri n g n ey th er
fayer n or foule ltan dy n g e nor n o c ky n g e feth er n or
h ead d rawy n g e n or l o wfy n g n or ye t any c o m p ac e
lh al l al way e s lh ote fh o rte and gone wyde an d farre of
an d n euer comme nere excepte p e rc h aun c e h e {tumble
fum ty me on th e marke
For i gn o raun c e i s n o thy n g e
e lles but mere b lyn d e n e lfe
A m ayl ter of a lhi pp e rft l e am eth to knowe th e
c ummy n g of a te mp elt th e nature of i t an d howe to
b e h aue h y m felfe i n i t ey th er with c h au n gy n g e h i s
c o ur
fe or p o ully n g e do wn e hi s h y e to pp e s and brode
fayles b eyn g glad to efch ue as m uc h e of th e wet h er
as h e can : Euen l o a good arc h er wy l fyrlt wyth
d i l li g en t vfe an d m arky n ge the wet h er le arn e to
kn owe the nature of th e wy n d e and wyt h wy fe d o m e
wy ll m eafure i n h y s m y n d e h owe m uch e i t wy l l al te r
his lh o o te ey th eri n l e n gth e k ep yn ge or els in ftreygh t
lh o ty n ge an d l o wi th c h aunging his ftan dy n g e o r
tak yn g e an ot h er lh af
te th e wh i c h e h e kn owet h p e r
,

I tayupb il ud B

r5 2

ly tly e

to be tter for hi s p o urp o l e ey th er b ycaufe it

i s lower feth ered or els b y c aufe i t is of a better wy n g
wy ll fo h andle wy th d i fc reti o n hys
i o o te that h e lh al l
feem e rath er to haue th e weth er vn der hys rule by
goo d h ede g yuy n ge than th e weth er to rule hys fhafte
by any fo day n e c haun gy n g
T h erefore in i o o ty n ge t h ere is as much e d i fference
be twixt an arch er th at is a good weth er man and an
oth er th at knoweth an d marketh n o thyn ge as is b e
twi x te a b ly n d e man and h e that can fe
T h us as c o n c ern y n g e the wether a pe rfy te arch er
mu lte rlte l earn e to knowe th e l ure y g hte of h i s
lh afte s t h at he may be b o ul d e al way es to tru lt
t h em than mu lte h e l earn e by day ly e experien c e
all maner of kyndes of weth er th e tokens of it
whan it wyl c um me the nature of it w h en i t i s c umme
the d i u erti e an d altery n g of it w h an it c h aun g e th
the d ec reafe an d d i mi n i lh i n g of i t w h an it c eafeth
Th irdly the l e th i n g es k n o wen and e ue ry lh o o te d i li
g en tl y e marked t h an mult a man compare al way es th e
weth er and h i s fo o tyn g to gyth er and wi th d i fc re ti o n
m eafure t h em l o t h at w h at l o euer th e ro ugh e weth er
h al l i ult e

i al l take awaye from hys lh o o te the fame f

fo o ty n g e relto re ag ayn e to h y s lh o o te
Thys th y n g e well kn o wen and d ifc rete ly e h an dele d
i n lh o o ty n ge b ry n g eth more p ro te and commendation
and p rayfe to an Arch er th an any oth er thy n ge b efy d e s
H e that wo ul d e knowe perfe ctly th e winde and
weth er mu lte put di fferences b e twi x te tymes For
d i u erfi ti e of ty m e caufeth d i uer ti e of weth er as i n
re Sp ryn g e ty m e S omer Faule of th e
th e whole y ea
leafe an d Winter ; Ly kewy fe in one day M o rn y n g e
N o o n ety m e After n oone and Euen ty de bot h e al ter
the wet h er and c h aunge a mannes bowe wy th th e
ltren gth of man al fo
And to knowe th at this is l o
is yn o ug h for a th o ter an d artillerie and not to
l erc h e the c auf
why it fh o uld e be fo : wh i c h e
e
belon ge th to a learned man an d Ph i l ofo ph i e
I n co nfy d eri n g the ty me of th e y eare a wyl e Archer
wy l l fo l o we a good Shipman
In Winter and roug h
'

shooti ng

of

( the rbuls

1 53

weth er fmall bootes and lytle pi n kes fo rfake the feas :

And at one ty me of the y eare n o G allies come
ab ro d e ; S o l y k ewy f
e we ak e Arc h ers vf
yn g fmall an d
h o l o we fh aftes wi t h bowes of litle pit h mu lte be con
ten t to gyne place fo r a ty m e
And t h is I do n ot faye e y th er to d i fc o mm en d e or
d i fc o urage any weak e fh o o ter : For l y k ewy fe as t h ere
is n o lh i pp e better t h an Gal lie s b e in a fo fte and a
c an l m e fea l o n o man lh o o te th c uml i e r or n e re r h s
y
marke t h an fome weake arc h ers doo i n a fayre and
cleare daye
Thus e uery archer mu lt knowe not o n ely e what
bowe an d lhafte is ttelt for him to lh o o te wi th al l but
alfo whatty me and feafo n is be lt for b y m to lh ote in
And furely in al oth e r matters to amo n ge 3 1 degrees
of men t h ere i s n o man w h ic h d oth any th ing ey the r
more d i fcretely for his commendation or ye t mor e
protable for his aduaun tag e th an he whic h wy ll knowe
p ertly for what matter and for w h at ty me h e is
m o o ft apte an d t
Yf men wo u l d e go aboute mat
te rs why c h they lh o ul d do an d be t for and not
fuc h e thy n ges why ch e wy lfully e t h ey d efyre and ye t
be vn t for verely greater matters in the common
wel th e than lh o o ty n g lh o ul de be in better cafe th an
they b e
Thi s i gn o raun c i e in men wh y c h e know
not for what ryme and to w h at thy n ge th ey be t
c auf
for who m e it were
e th fome wy lh e to be riche
better a greate deale to b e poore : other to b e
m e d lyn g e i n e uery man s matter for wh o me i t were
more h o n elti e to be quiete and lty ll
S ome to d ere
to be i n th e C ou rte wh i c h e be born e and be tte r
rather for th e carte S omme to b e may lters and rule
other whi c he neuer yet began to rule them felfe : fom e
al way e s to i an g l e and tan l ke why c h rather lh o ul d e
h eare an d kepe l en c e
So me to teache w h ic h
rat h er lh o uld l earn e
S om e to be pre ll e s wh i ch e
were fy t ter to b e c l erke s An d thys p eru erfe i udge
men t of ye wo rl de when men me l ure th em felfe a
mi ll e bringeth muche myfo rd er and greate vn fe mely
nefl e to the hole body of th e common wealt h as y f
,

urapb us

54

a man ne lh o ul d were his hoo l e vpo n hi s head or a

woman go wy th a fwo rd e and a b u c k el er e uery man
would take it as a greate vn c uml y n e lfe although i t b e
bu t a try e in refp ete of the oth er
T h ys p eruerfe i udg em en t of men h i n dreth no thy n ge
l o much as l earn y n g e b y c aufe c o m m o n ly e th o l e wh y c h
be vn ttelt for l earn y n g be c h ey y fet to l earn y n g e
As y fa man nowe a dayes haue two fonnes th e one
impoten t weke c kly l i fp y n ge lt uttyn g e and
ltam eryn g e or h auy n ge any m i ff
h ap e i n h y s b o dy e :
w h at d ot h th e fath er of fuc h e one c o mmo n l y e faye
Th is boye is t for n o thyn ge els but to l e t to
l ern y n g and make a p re lt of as wh o would fay yat
o utc altes of th e wo rl d e h auy n g n ey th e r c o un te n aun c e
to un g e nor wit ( for of a p eruerf
e b o d y e c u mm eth com
mou ly a p erue rfe my n d e) be good y n o ug h to make
th o l e m en of wh i c h e lh al l be ap p o y n te d to p reac h e
C oddes h o ly e wo o rd e and m i n i lter h y s b l etl ed
fac ram en te s b efy d es oth er m o o ft wey gh ty e matters in
th e common wel th e put ofte tymes and wo rth el y e to
learned menu es d ifc reti on an d c h arge : w h an rath er
fuc h e an o lfy c e l o h yg h in d ign i ti e l o go d ly e in ad
m i n i ltrati o n fh ul d e b e committed to no man whi c h e
fe to
fh ul d e not h aue a c o un ten aun c e full of c u m l y n e f
allure good m enn e a b o dy e full of m an l y e au th o ri ti e to
feare ill men a witte apte for al l earn y n ge with tongue
and vo y c e able to p erfwad e all men
And alth ough
fe we fuc h e men as t h e l e can be fo un d e in a common
weal th e yet furel y e a godly d i f
p o fed man wi ll bot h e
in h i s myn d e thy n ck e t and wi th al hi s ttu di e labour to
ge t fuc h men as I fp ek e of or rath er better if better
can be gotten for fuc h e an h i e ad m i n i lt rati o n wh i c h e
i s mo lt p ro p erly e app o y n ted to g o dd es o wn e matters
an d b un effe s
T h is p eru erfe i ug em en t of fathers as c o n c ern y n ge
fe and vn tn elfe of th ey r c h y l d ren caufe th th e
th e tn ef
common weal th e h aue many vn t m i n i lters : And
fey n g t h at m i n i lters b e as a man wo ul d e fay i n ftru
mentes wh erwi th the common weal th e doeth wo rk e
all her matters wi th all I maruay l e howe it c h aun c e th
,

QED
: tbulz of Shooti n g

1 55

yat a pore lh o mak er h ath l o much wit yat h e will pre

pare no i n ltrum en t for hi s fc i en c e n ei t h er kn y fe nor
aule nor nothing els wh i c h e is not very tte for h i m
th e common we al th e can be con ten t to take at a fonde
fat h ers hande th e ri fraffe of th e wo rl d e to make t h o l e
i n rum en tes of wh erwi th al
i e lh o ul d e wo rk e
ye
h ie lt matters vn der h eau en
An d fu rely an aule of
lead is not l o vn p ro tab l e in a lh o makers (h o p as
an vn t m i n i lter mad e of g ro lfe m etal is vn fe m ely in ye
common wel th Fat h ers in olde time among ye noble
P erti an s mig h t not d o wi t h th ey r c h ildren as t h ey
t h ought good but as th e i udg em en t of th e common
wealth a1 way es t h ough t b e lt
This fault of fath ers
bringeth many a blot with i t to the great d e fo rm i ti e of
th e common weal th e : and here f
ure ly I can p rayf
e
gentlewomen which hau e alway es at hande th ey r
g l affes to fe if any th i n ge b e am i ffe an d l o will
amende it yet the common wealth h aui n g ye g l alfe of
kn o wl eg e in e uery man s hand dot h fe fuc h vn c uml i n es
in i t : an d ye t winketh at i t This faulte an d many
fuc h e lyke mygh t be fon e wy p ed awaye y f fat h ers
wo ul d e b e lt o w t h eir c h ildren on yat t h ing al way e s
wh ervn to nature h ath o rd e i n e d them mo lte apte an d
t For i f yout h be grafted ltrey gh t an d not a wrye
te r
Wh an
th e hole common we l th wi l
o ri lh th eraf
this is done t h an mu lt e euery man beginne to be m ore
ready to amende b y m fel fe than to c h ecke an oth er
m e afury n g t h eir matters with t h at wi l e p ro u erb e of
Apollo K n owe t/zy fe/ : t h at i s to faye l earn e to
kn owe w h at thou arte able tte an d ap t vn to and
fo l o we th at
Thi s th i n g e i ul d e b e b oth e c uml i e to th e common
w ea
l th e an d m oo ft protable for e u ery on e as dot h
appere very well in al l wife men ues d ead e s an d
fp e c i ally to turne to our communication agay n e i n
lh o o ty n ge where wife archers h aue al way es th ey r
i n ltrum en tes t for th eyr ltren gth an d wayt e e uer
more fuc h e ty m e an d wet h er as i s mo lt agre ab l e to
t h eir gere Th erfo re if the weth er be to fore an d
vn t for your lh o o ty n g e l e au e of f
o r that daye an d
,

u
opb
E ur

x5 6

For he i s a fo o l e yat wy l n o t
way te a better feafo n
go , wh o m e n ec efti e d ri u eth
l
l
f
d
o
T
is
communication
of
yours
me
h
e
a
e
t
g h
p
well Toxoph ile , th at furely e I was n ot h alti e to calle
you , to d efc ry b e fort h e th e wet h er bu t wi t h all my
h arte wo ul d e h au e fulfe red you yet t o h au e ltan d e
longer in t his matter For th efe th i n ges touch ed of you
by c h aun fe, and by th e waye , be farre aboue th e matter
it fel fe, by w h o l e o c c al i o n ye ot h e r were b ro ugh te in
ax Weygh ty e matters t h ey be in dede an d t
both e in an ot h er place to be fpo k en : and of an
oth er man t h an I am , to be h andled And b y c aufe
mean e men mu lt meddle wy th m ean e mat te rs , I wy l
go fo rwarde i n d efc ry b y n g th e wet h er, as c o n c erny n ge
lh oo ti n g : and a s I toulde you b e fore , I n t h e h ole
yere , S pring ty me, S omer, Fal of th e leafe , an d
.

Winter : and in one day M orning Noone tym e

After noon e and Euen ty de altereth th e c o urfe of the
weth er the pith of th e bowe th e ltren g th of th e man
An d i n eu ery on e of th e l e times th e weth er alteret h
as fum ty me wyn di e fum ty me c an l m e fum tym e c l o ud i e
fum ty me clere fum ty me hote fum ty m e c o n l d e th e
wy n d e fumty m e m o i ll y e and th icke fumty m e drye and
fmo th e
A litle winde in a m o y l ti e day ftOp p e th a
lh af
te more than a good wh i lk y n g e wyn d e in a clere
daye Yea an d I h aue fene w h an there h ath ben e n o
winde at all th e ayer fo mi ltie and t h icke that bot h
th e markes haue ben wo n d erful l great
A nd ones
w h an th e Plage was in C amb ri g e th e downe winde
twel ue f
c o re marke for the f
p ac e of i ii weekes was
xii i fc o re an d an h alfe and into th e wy n d e b ey n ge
not very great a great deale aboue x i iii fc o re
The winde i s fum ty m e playn e vp and do wne
whi c h e i s commonly mo lte c ertay n e and requireth
l ealt k n o wl eg e wh eri n a mean e lh o ter wit h mean e
geare if h e can lh oo te h ome maye make be lt lh i fte
A l yde wyn de try e th an arc h er and good gere very e
muche S umty me i t bloweth a l oft e fum tym e h ard
by the gro un de : S umtyme it blowe th by b lall es an d
fum ty m e i t continueth al in one : S umty me ful d c
,

( the 17t

of

s hoot i ng

:5 7

wy n d e, fum ty m e quarter with hym and more , and lyke

wy fe agayn lt h ym , as a man with calty n g e vp l y g h t
g ralfe, or els if h e tak e go o d h ed e, lh al l fen b ly l earn e
by experien ce To fe th e wy n d e, with a man h i s eyes ,
i t i s vn p o lli b l e, th e n ature o f it i s l o fy n e, and fub ti l e,
yet this experience of th e wy n d e had I ones my fel fe ,
and that was in the great fn o we t h at fell iiii y eares
agoo I rode i n the hy e waye betwix t Topc liffe vp o n
S wale , an d Borowe b ridge , t h e waye b eyn g fu mwh at
trodden afore, by waye fayryn ge men Th e feeld es
on bot h e d es were playn e and laye alm o lt y earde
depe wit h fn o we, th e n ygh t afore had ben a litle fro lt e,
That
fo yat the fn o we was hard and crufted aboue
morning the fun lh o n e brigh t and clere , the winde was
whi ltel i n ge a lofte , an d {harpe ac c o rdy n ge to the ty me
of the y eare Th e fn o we i n th e hye waye laye l o wfe
and tro den wy th h o rfe feete : l o as th e wyn d e b lewe,
it toke th e l o wfe fnow with i t, and made it l o i de
V p o n th e f
n o we in th e felde wh y c h e was h arde and
crufted by reafo n of th e fro ft ouer n ygh t, t hat th erb y
I myg h t fe very e wel , th e hole nature of th e wy n de as
i t b l ewe yat daye
An d I h ad a great d ely te an d
p l eafure to marke it , wh y c h e maketh me n ow far
be tter to remember i t S o metym e the wyn d would
be n ot pa lt i i y eard es brode , and l o it wo uld carie
n o we as far as I coul d f
th e f
e An other ty m e th e
fn o w wo ul d e blowe ouer h alfe th e felde at on es
S o m etym e the fn o we wo u l d e to mb l e fo ftly , by an d
by i t would y e wo n d erfull fa lt And t hys I per
alfo t h at ye wi nd goeth by ltream es an d
c ey u ed
n ot h ole to gi th e r
For I lh o uld fe one ltream e
wy th in a S core on m e , than th e fpac e of ii fc o re
uan ti ti e of
n o w would lti rre , but after l o m uc h e q
no f
n o w at th e fame very
n d e , an ot h er ltre am e of f
u
r
o
g
e , but n ot equally
For
ty me lh o ul d be cary e d l y kewy f
th e one wo uld ltan de lty ll when the o ther ew a pace ,
an d l o c o n ty n ewe fo m tym e fwiftly erfo m eti m e ll o wl y er,
fo m e ti me brod er, fo me ti m e n arrower, as far as I c o u l d e
N or i t ewe n ot ltreight, but fo m ety me it cro oked
fe
thys waye fo m e ty me t h at waye , an d fo mty m e i t ran

um b li ng 35
cr

r5 8

roun d aboute in a co mp afe

A nd fo mtym e t h e
fn o we wold be ly ft elen e from th e groun d vp i n to th e
ayre and b y an d by it woul d be al clapt to th e gro un d e
as t h ough th ere h ad bene no winde at all ltreigh twa)
it wo ul d e rife and y e ag ay n e
An d th at why c h was th e m oo lt m eruay l e of al at
ym e ii d ri fte s of fn o we e we th e on e ou t of th e
on e r
We lt into ye E alt th e oth er ou t of th e North i n to ye
B a lt z An d I faw ii windes by reafo n of ye fn o w th e
one c ro ffe ouer th e ot h er as i t h ad bene two h y e
And agay n e I lh o ul d e h ere th e wynd blow in
way es
w h en noth ing was lti rre d at th e ground
t h e ayre
A n d w h en all was lti ll w h ere I rode n ot very e far from
me th e fn o w lh o ul d be lifted wond e rfully T hi s e xp e
ri en c e m ade me m ore m eruai l e at ye natur e of th e
wy n de t h an it made me conning in ye k n o wl eg e o f
ye wynd : but yet th erb y I learn ed p e rtly t h at i t i s
n o m eru ay l e at al th o ugh e men in a wy n de leafe th ey r
leng th in lh oo ti n g feying fo many way e s th e wy n d e is
l o variabl e in b l o wy n g e
But fey n ge t h at a M ay fte r of a lhy p b e he neuer l o
l eefe th
c u n n y n g e by th e vn c ertay n ty e of th e wyn d e
many tym e s both l yfe and goodes fure ly e it is n o
wonder t h ough a ry gh t good Arc h er by th e fel f fame
wy n d e fo variable in h y s o wn e natu re fo vn fe n fy b l e to
o ure n atu re leefe manye a lh o o te and gam e
Th e more vn c e rt ai n e and di fc ey u ab l e th e wyn d i s
th e more h ede mu lt a wyfe Arch er gy ue to know th e
gyles of i t
H e yat doth mi ltrult i s feldo me b eg il ed
Fo r
alth ough th erb y h e fh all n ot attay n e to th at w h ich
i s be lt y e t by t h e l e mean es he lh all at l ealte au o y d e
a
l
t
h
e
l
e
kindes
of
windes
Be f
d
e
y at wh y c h e i s worll
y
you mu lt take h ede yf you fe anye c l o ud e apere and
gat h er by lytle an d litle agay n lt you or els y fa lh o wre
of raine be lyke to come vp o n you for th an both the
d ry u i n g of th e wet h er and th e thy c ky n g e of th e ayre
i n c reafe th th e marke w h en after ye lh o wre a1 th y n g es
are contrary clere an d c aul m e an d th e marke for t he
mo lt par te new to b egy n agay n e You mull take
.

'

'

( the

s r nle uf

shunt in g

r5 9

h ede al l o y f euer you l hote w h ere on e of th e marke s

o r both lt o n des a lyt le lh o rt of a hy e wall for there
you may be e ay e b egy l ed Yf you tak e gralfe and
ca lt e i t vp to fe h owe t h e wyn de ltan d es manye tym es
you fh al fupp o fe to lh o o te down e the wy n d e w h en you
lh ote cleane agay n lt th e wy n d e
An d a good reafo n
wh y
For th e wynd why c h c o mm eth i n dede agai n lt
you red o un d e th bak e agayn e at th e wal an d wh yrl e th
backe to th e p ry c k e an d a lytle farth er an d than
tu rneth agay n e cu e n as a ve h emen t water doeth
ag ay n lte a rocke or an h y e braye wh y c h e example o f
water as it i s more fen b l e to a man s eyes l o it is
n euer a wh y t th e trewer th an t h is of th e wy n d e S o
t h at th e grall e calt e vp lh all ee that waye wh y ch e in
d e de i s th e longer marke and d ec eyue q
uy c kly e a
fh o o ter that i s n ot ware of it
Th i s expe rienc e had I on es my felfe at N o rwytc h i n
th e c h apel felde wy th i n th e wau ll es
An d thys waye
I vfe d in fh o o ty n g e at t h o l e mark es
W h en I was in th e my d way betwixt the markes
wh y c h e was an open place t h ere I toke a feth er or a
lytle l ygh t g rall e an d fo as well as I c o n ld e learned
h o w th e wynd lto o d e t h at done I wen te to th e p ry c k e
as falt e as I c o ul de an d according as I had fo un d e ye
wy n d e w h en I was i n the mid waye l o I was fayne
t h an to b e con tent to make th e b e lt of my lh o o te t h at
I c o ul d e E u e n fu c h e an ot h er experience h ad I in a
maner at York e at th e p ri c kes lying b e twi x te the
c alt e l l an d Ouf
An d al th ough you fm i le
e l yde
P h ilologe to h eare m e tell myne o wn e fo n d en es
yet feing you wil nede s haue me teach you fo mwh at
in fh o tyn g I mu lt n edes fo m ty me tel you of myn e
o wh e expe rience an d th e better I may d o l o b y
cau l e H ippocrates in te ac h yn ge p h yke
Hu
ma n e
Take
vf
e th ve ry e muc h e th e fame waye
h eede al l o w h en you lh oo te n ere th e fea co lt
alth ough you be
or iii miles from th e fea for
t h ere di ligen t mark i n ge lh all e fp i e i n th e m o lt
clere daye wo n d e rful l c h aun g i n ge Th e fame i s to
be c o n fi d ered l yk e wy fe by a ri ue r li de fp e c i alli e i f
,

'

'

E urop b il us B

t 6o

ebbe and o we where h e yat taketh diligen t hede

of ye tide and we th er lh al ligh tly take away al yat h e
i o o te th for
And t h u s of ye nature of windes an d
we th er according to my marking you h aue h eard e
P h i lologe : and h ereafter you lh al marke farre m o
your felfe i f you take h ede And th e weth er t h us
marked as I tolde you afore you mu lte take hed e
of youre ltan di n g yat th erb y you may win as much
as you lh al l oo fe by the wet h er

gbi I fe well it i s n o maruell though a man mi ffe

many tym es in lh oo ty n g feing ye wet h er i s fo vn c o n
fl ant in blowing but yet t h ere is one th ing wh i c h e
many arc h ers vfe yat fh al l cau l e a man h au e l e ffe
nede to marke th e weth er and t h at i s Ame gyu i n g
O f gy uyn g Arn e I can n o t tel wel wh at I
lh ul d f
ay
For in a ltraun g e place i t taketh away a1
i o n of foule game w h ic h is ye only
o c c af
prayfe of it
yet by my i udg em en t i t h i n dre th ye k n o wl ege o f
lh o ty n g and make th men more n egligente : ye whic h
i s a d i fp rayfe T h oug h Am e be g i uen yet take h ede
for a t an ot h er mans fh o te you can n ot wel take Am e
nor at your o wn e n eith er b y caufe th e weth er wil
alter en e n in a minu t e ; an d at th e on e marke an d n ot
at th e ot h er and trouble your lh afte in th e ayer w h en
you lh al p erc ey u e n o wyn d e at th e ground as I my
fe l fe h aue fen e lh aft es tumble al o fte in a very l ay er
daye T h ere may be a fault alfo i n drawing or lo wf
y n ge and many th y n g es mo wh i c h e all to gy th er are
r e quired to k epe a i ult length But to go forward th e
n e x te
h
t
h
n
af
t
e
r
h
e
m
a
r
k
of
your
wet
er
is
e
o
t
e
t
n
p y
y g
taky n g of your f
And in a ti d e winde you
tan dy n g
mu lt ftan d fumwh at c ro ffe in to th e wy n d e for l o
lh all you lh o o te th e furer
W h an you h aue taken
good footing th an mu lt you l o o k e at your fh afte yat
no earth e nor weete be lefte vp o n i t for fo fh o ul d i t
leefe the l en g th e You mu lt loke at the h ead alfo
l eft i t h aue h ad any ftry p e at the la f
t lh o o te
A
ftri p e vp o n a lto n e many tym e s will both e m arr e
t h e h ead
croke th e lh afte an d h urte th e feth e r
wh e ro f th e l ef
t of th em all wy l l c aufe a man leafe
it

( the

s r nl e o f

s hoot i ng

1 6:

For fuc h e th i n g es which chaunce eue ry

i o o te many arch ers vfe to h aue l umme place made
i n th eyr cote tte for a lytle fyle a lt o n e a H un
h aft t ag ay n e at
h lk i n and a cloth to d reffe th e f
fy f
all nedes T h ys mu lt a man l o o k e to euer wh e n
h aft An d the h eade maye be made
h e taketh vp his f
to fmo th e w h i ch wil cau l e i t y e to far : w h en youre
lh afte is t t h an mu lt you tak e you r bow enen in t h e
midde s or elles you fh al l bot h leafe your l e n g th e and
p ut youre bowe in i e o pardy e of b reaky n ge N ock
y n g e i ult e i s n ext whic h i s muc h e of th e fame na ture
T han drawe eq
ually e l o wf
u al ly e w th h o u l d n e
e eq
y
y g
your hande euer of one h e igh te to kepe trew com
l
a
lf
To
h af
t e hed e at the l o wfe i s
e
o o k e at your f
p
t h e greatelt helpe to kepe a l e n g th e that can be
why c h t h yng yet h i n d reth excellen t lh o ty n g b i c aufe
a man can n ot l hote ftrei gh t p ertly e excepte h e
l o o k e at his marke yf I lh o ul d fh o o te at a line and
not at the mark e I wo ul de al way e s loke at my fh aft
end e but of thys th yng fome w h at afterward e N owe
if you marke th e wet h er d i l ig en tly e kepe your ltan d
y uge i u ltely h o ul de and n ocke trewly e drawe and
l o wfe equally e and kepe your c o mp ac e c ertay n ely e
you fh all n euer mi ll e of your l en gth e

gbi T h en there i s n o thy n g b eh i n d e to make m e

hit ye marke but onely lh o o ti n g ftre igh t
afar N o tre wl y e An d fy rlte I wy ll tell you wh at
l hy ftes Arc h ers h aue fo u n d e to fh o o te lt rey g h t t h an
w hat i s th e be lt waye to fh o o te ftrey gh t As th e
wet h er belonge th fp ec i al ly to kepe a l en g th e (yet
a l i de winde belongeth alfo to lh ote ftre igh t) eue n
l o the nature of the pricke i s to lh ote ftre ig h t
Th e
le n g th e or lh o rtn ell e of the marke i s al way e s vn d e r
th e rul e of th e wet h er yet f
u m wh at t h ere i s i n ye
marke wo rthy e to be marked of an Arc h er Yf the
p ri c k es ftan d of a ftreyg h t plan e groun d t h ey b e ye
be lt to lh ote at Yfye marke ltan d on a b y l fy d e or
ye ground be vn e q
ual with p i tte s and tum i n g e wa e s
y
b e t wy xte t h e m arkes a mans eye th all th y n k e that
his

l e n g th e


li al uy hi l u B

1 62

'

to be ft rei gh t wh y c h e i s c ro k ed : Th e experience of
t h is t h ing is fene in p ay n ty n ge th e c aufe of i t is
k n o we n by l earn y n g e
An d it is y n o ugh e for an arch er to mark e it an d
take h e de of it Th e c h ei fe c aufe wh y men can not
i o o te ftrei g h t is b i c au fe th ey loke at th ey r fh aft : an d
t h is fault c o mm eth b y c aufe a man is not t augh t to
lh ote wh en h e i s yong Yfh e l earn e to lh oo te by h i m
fe lfe h e is afray d e to pull th e lh afte th ro ugh e th e
bowe an d th erfo re looketh al way es at h y s lh afte y l l
vf
e c o n rm e th t h ys faulte as i t dot h many m o
And men c o n ti n ewe th e lo n ger in t h ys faulte b y c aufe
i t is l o good to kepe a l en gth e wy th al an d y e t to lh ote
ftre i gh t t h ey h aue i n uen te d fome wai es to e fp i e a tree
or a h ill b ey o n d e th e marke or elles to h au e fumrn e
n otable t h ing b e twixt ye markes : and ones I fawe a
good arc h e r wh i c h e did ca lte of h i s gere and l ay d h i s
qui uer with i t enen in th e midway betwixt ye p ri c k es
S umme t h ough t h e dy d l o for fau eg ard e of h i s gere :
I fupp o fe h e did it to lh o o te ftreygh t wi th al l O th er
men vfe to efp i e l umme marke al mo o lt a bow wide
of ye prick e and t h an go about to kepe hi m fel fe on
yat h ande t h at th e p ry c k e i s on w h ich th ing h owe
much good i t dot h a man wi l not bele n e t h at dot h
n ot proue i t O th er an d t h o l e very good arc h ers
i n drawy n g loke at th e marke vn ti l l t h ey come al m o ft
to ye h ead th an t h ey l o ok e at th ey r l h afte but at ye
very l o wfe wi t h a fecon de fi gh t t h ey fy n de th ey r marke
ag ay n e
T hi s way and a1 oth er afore of m e reh erfed
are but lh i fte s and n ot to be fol o wed in fh o ty n g
f
treyg h t
For h auy n g a mans eye alwaye on h i s marke
i s th e only waye to lh ote ltregh t yea and I fupp o fe fo
redye and ea l y a way y f i t be learn ed i n yout h and
conrmed with vfe yat a man fh al l neuer mill e th erin
M en doubt yet in l o k i n g at ye mark w h at way i s
be lt wh eth er betwixt th e bowe and th e ltri n g e aboue
or b e net h hy s h and an d many way es moo : yet i t
maketh n o great matter w h ic h way a man l o o k e
at h i s mark e y f it be i o y n e d with comly lh o ty n g e
Th e d i u erti e of mens ltan dy n g and drawing c aufeth
,

'

( the hole at

shoot i ng

:63

men [
to ] lok e at th eyrmark e d i uerfe way es : ye t
t h ey a1 lede a mans han d to lh o o te ftrei ght y f n o thy n g
e ls floppe S o t h at c u mlyn e lfe i s th e only i u dge of be lt
l o ky n g at th e marke S ome men wonder why in call ing
a man s eye at ye marke th e h an d lh o uld go ftrey gh t
S urely ye he c o n fy d ered the nature of a mans e y e h e
wolde n o t wo n der at it : For t h i s I am c ertay n e of
that n o feruaun t to hys may lter n o c h yld e to hys
fath er i s l o obedient as eu ery e i oyn te and pece of th e
b ody is to do what fo eu er the eye b idd es Th e eye i s
the guide the ruler and th e fuc c o u re r of al th e oth er
Th e han de the foote an d oth er members
partes
dare do n o th y n ge withou t th e eye as dot h appere on
th e night and darke corn ers
Th e eye i s th e very
tonge wh erwi th wy t an d re afo n dot h fp ek e to eue ry
par te of th e body an d th e wyt doth n ot fo fone gn i fy e
a thy n ge by th e eye as eu e ry parte i s redye to fo lo w
or ra th er p re uen t t he b y ddy n g of th e eye T hys i s
playn e in many th i n g es bu t m o lt e ui den t i n fence an d
fe y gh ty n ge as I haue h eard men faye
There euery
parte ltan dy n g e in feare to h aue a blowe runn es to th e
eye for helpe as yonge c hy ld ren do to ye moth er : th e
foote th e h and an d al way teth vp o n th e eye Yf th e
eye hy d ye han d eith er beare of or n ite or th e foote
e ther go forward or b ac k eward it doth l o And t h at
wh y c h e is mo o ft wonder of all th e on e man l o o ky n g e
lted faltly a t th e oth er man s eye and n ot at h i s h and
wy l e ue n as it were
rede i n h i s eye w h ere h e
h
h
f
n e x te
e eye i s n o th y n g els
to
for
u
r
f
t
m
e
t
o
e
t
p
y
p
but a c ertayn e wy n do we for wi t to lh ote oute h i r
h e ad at
Thys wo n de rful l wo rk e of god in maky n ge all th e
m embers l o obedien t to th e eye i s a p l eafau n te thy n g e
to remember and loke vp o n th erfo re an Arc h er maye
be l ure i n l earn y n g to l o o k e at h y s marke w h en h e is
yong al way es to lh o o te ltreyg h te
Th e th yn g es th at
h yn der a man wh y c h e looket h at h y s marke to lh ote
ltre y gh t be th e l e : A l yd e wy n d e a bowe eit h er to
f
tro n g e or els to we n k e an ill arm e w h an th e fe th e r
runnet h on th e bo we to muc h a b yg b re lte d lh afte for
d i u erfe

ic r
ophi l us
m

1 64

hym th at lho teth vn d er h ande , b y c aufe it wyl l h obble

a li ttle b relted lh afte for b ym yat lh o teth aboue ye
h ande , b i c au fe i t wy l ftarte : a payre of wi n dyn ge
pri c k es, an d many other th i n ges mo , w h ich you lh al
marke your felfe , and as ye knowe th em , l o l earn e to
amend them I f a m an woul d e l eaue to l o ok e at h i s
lh afte, and l earn e to loke at h i s marke , he maye vfe
th is waye , wh i c h e a good f
h oo ter tolde me ones th at
h e did
Let h i m take his b owe on th e n y gh t, and
lh o o te at ii l i gh tes, an d t h ere h e fh al l be compelled to
l o o k e al way es at h i s marke , and n euer at h i s lh af
te : T h i s
t hing ones or twy fe vfed wyl cau l e h y m fo rfak e l oky n ge
at h y s lh afte
Yet let h y m take hede of fetty n ge h i s
lh afte in th e bowe
T h us Ph ilologe to lh o o te ftreygh t is the l e alte
may lte ri e of all, y f a manne order h ym fel fe t h ere
aft e r, in hys y o uth e An d as for key py n ge a l en g th e,
I am l ure the rules wh i c h e I gaue you , will neuer
d i fc ey u e you , l o t h a t t h ere lh al lacke n o th y n g e ,
ey th e r of b ittinge th e marke al wa e s , or elles ve ry e
y
nere fho ty n g e, ex c ep te th e faulte b e onely in youre o wn e
felfe , whi c h e maye come ii way es , ey th er in h ani n g a
fay n t h arte or courage , or elles in fuffery n g e your fel fe
ouer much e to be led wi th ae t i o n : y f a m ans
my n de fay l e b y m , th e b o dy e wh i c h e is ruled by th e
m y n d e can n euer do h i s d u eti e y f lacke of courage
w ere not , m en my gh t do mo m altri es t h an t h ey do , as
doeth appere in l eap y n g e an d vaul ti n g e
All affe ct ion s and fp ec i ally anger , h urteth bothe
my n d e an d b o dy e Th e m y n d e i s b lyn d e th e rb y : and
y fth e my n d e b e b l y n d e, i t can n ot rule th e b o dy e arigh t
h
The b ody both blood an d bone , as th ey l a
i
s
broug
t
,
y
ou t of his rygh t c q
urf
Wh erb y a man lack eth
e by anger
h i s rig h t ltren gt h e, an d th erfo re can n ot lh o o te wel
Yf t h e l e th y n g e s b e au o y d e d (wh ero f I wy ll fp eak e
n o more , both b y c aufe t h ey belong n ot properly to
fh o ti n g , and al l o you can teache m e better, i n t h em ,
t h an I you ) an d al th e p rec eptes which I h aue gyuc h
you , d i llig en tly marked , n o doubt ye i al fh o o te as
w ell as euer man dy d yet , by th e grace of God
.

El b e S chul z uf shunt i ng

1 63

Thys commun ication h andled by me P h ilologe as I

knowe wel not p e rfy tly yet as I fupp o fe true ly e you
mu lt tak e i n good wo rth e wh eri n if diners th i n g es do
n ot all togy th e r p l eafe you th an k e youre felfe wh i c h e
wo ul d e h aue m e rather faulte i n mere fo lly e to take
t h at thy n g e i n hande wh y c h e I was n ot able for to
p erfo urm e than by any h o n elte lh am e faltn es wi thfay
your re q
u e lt a
n d minde whic h I knowe well I haue
n ot fati fe d But yet I wy l th i n k e this labour of
min e the b etter b elto wed if tomorow or fome oth er
daye w h en you h au e l ey fo ur you wyl fp en de as m uch
ty m e with me h ere in t h i s fame place i n en treati n g e
th e q
ue lti o n
D : an gi n ac mi mce an d the i o y n y n g of i t
with the b o dy e that I maye knowe howe far Plato
A ri lto tl e an d the S to i c i an s h aue waded i n i t

gbi H ow you haue h an d el ed t h is matter Toxophile

I may not well tel you my felfe nowe but for your
g en tl en e ffe an d good wy l l to warde l earn y n g an d
lh o ty n g I wy ll be conten t to lh ewe you any p l eafure
wh en fo e u er you wy l l : and n owe the l unne is doun e
th erfo re if it p l eaf
e you we wil go home and d ry n ke
in my c h ambre and there I wy l l tell you p lay n el y e
w h at I th i n k e of thi s communication an d alfo w h at
u elt for th e other
daye we will ap p o y n t at your req
matter, to mete h ere agayn e
,

Deo gratias

L O N DO N I
I

wazu s E dou ard ? V

C um p ri ui l egi o ad i mp ri
m e n dum l o lum
.

5 45

5 3

1 65

N 0 TE S

N A I N

To x o ru rw s, T H E F O U D T O
o r A S CH A M s A FTE R
O R T U S I n a h um o ro us etter to Q ueen E izab eth , o n 1 0
Oc t 1 5 67
A l c h am d i i d es hi s i d e ao f h er i n to two ; an d
alk i n g h er i n o n e p e rfo n ali ty as h i s ri e n d , t o i n terc ed e w i th h er
o th e r
u e en , to re i e e h i m ro m hi s d i f
c u ti es,
p e rfo n al i ty , as q
re co un ts to h er t h e h i lt o ry o f h i s
p en o n
I w ro te o n c e a i tt e b o o k o f lh o o ti n g ; Ki n g H R Y , h er
m o l t n o b e ath er, d i d l o w e
i k e an d a o w i t, as h e g a e m e a
i i ng fo r i t ; w h e n h e o t h i s i e I o t m y i i n g ; b u t n o b e
Ki n g E DW R D ag ai n d i d rll: re i e i t b y h i s g o o d n e fs , th en d id
i n c re afe i t b y h i s i b e ra i t ; th i rd , d id co n rm i t b y h i s au th o ri t
u n d e r th e
g reat e a o f E n g an d , wh i c h p aten t al l th i s ti m e
w as b o th a g re at p l eafu re an d p ro t to m e , l a i n g th at o n e un

d uri n g p l eafure , t u rn e d
p leafan t w o rd i n th at p aten t, ca ed
m e a te r to g reat d i fpl eal ure ; fo r wh e n Ki n g E D W R D w e n t,
h i s p l e afure wen t w i t h hi m, an d m y wh o e i i n g we n t awa wi th

th em b o th B u t b eh o d
od s
nd his
ro i
g o o d n efs to wards m e, a
p

d en c e o e r m e, i n Q ue e n M R Y , h er h i gh n el s l i f
t er s ti m e , wh e n
I h ad o ft al l an d n ei th er o o k ed n o r h o p ed fo r an y th i n g ag ai n ,
al l m y ri en d s b ei n g un de r o o t, w i th o u t an y ab o u r, wi t h o u t
my k n o w ed ge I w as fud d en l y l e n t fo r to c o m e to th e c o u n ci
I c am e w i th all wi , an d d e p arte d w i th m uch c o m o rt, fo r th ere
I w as fwo rn fec retary fo r th e Lati n to n gu e, b e caufe o me o f
th e m k n ew th at Ki n g E D W A R D h ad gi en m e th at o f
ce wh e n

I was ab fen t i n e rm an , b y g o o d M r S ec re tar s p ro c u re m en t,

an d b ecaufe o m e d i d t h i n k I w as tte r to d o th at o f
c e th an
t h o l e were th at d i d e x e rc i f
W h en I faw o th er l o w i i n g to
e it
d o fo r m e, I was th e b o d er fo m e wh at to l p eak fo r m y fe l f I
s aw W
C
S T R d i d i k e we
th e m an n e r o f m y wri ti n g ; I
law a fo th at h e o n
I to d
was D om zn u : reg zt m e th at ti m e
h i m th at m y p aten t an d i i n g fo r m y B o o k o f S h o o ti n g w as
W e , fai d h e c aufe i t to b e w ri tten ag ai n , an d I w i d o
of
t
wh at I can
I d i d l o , an d h ere I wi o p en to o ur m aje lty a
a g o o d tu rn to m yfel f, wh e re at
p re tt fub tl e ty i n d o i n g h app i
p e rch an c e y o ur m aje lty wi fm i l e fo r fure l y I h a e aug h e d at
i t twe n t ti m es m y fe l f, an d th at wi th g o o d c aufe, fo r I h a e
l i ed fo m ewh at th e b etter fo r i t e er n c e
I c au fe d th e am e
o rm o f th e
p aten t t o b e w ri tte n o u t, b u t I wi e d a ac an t p ace
to b e e t f
o r th e l um
I b ro ugh t i t l o w ri tten to th e b i lh o p :
h e al k e d m e w h y th e o l d l u m was n o t p ut i n
S i r, q
u o th I ,
th e au t i s i n th e w ri te r, wh o h ath d o n e e r i l l b e d e , to e a e
n ot ha
ll
th e ac an t p ac e l o g reat, fo r th e o l d w o rd ten w i
e
o u r l o rd lh i p to
th e ro o m , an d th ere o re furel y , ex ce p t i t p l eaf
h e p to pu t i n tw en t p o un d s , th at wo u d b o th l l u p th e ac an t
p ac e we n o w an d a l o ll m y purfe th e b e tter h e re a te r, t ru
I lh all b e p u t to n e w c h arg es i n c au n g th e p ate n t to b e n e w
Th e b i lh o p e i n a augh ter, an d o rth wi th we n t
wri tten agai n
to Q uee n M RY an d to d wh at I h ad l aid , wh o , wi th o u t an y

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mo re fpeak i n g , b e

1 67

h ad d o n e h er an y fervi c e, o f h er o wn
b o un ti full g o o d n e f
s m ad e m y
aten t tw e n ty po un d s b y y ear

d uri n g m y i e, fo r h er an d h er u cc effo rs
T h at th i s ac co un t i s b ut p art i a
c o rrec t, a
n d th at h e w a
s
mak i n g a te i n g lto ry to am ul e th e Q ueen , ap p ears ro m h i s
e t te r to
ard i n e r, at th e ti me o f th e re n e wal o f hi s p en f
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I S H O P GA D I N E
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I n w ri ti n g o ut m y p aten t I h a e e t a ac an t p ace fo r o ur
wif
d o m to a ue th e l um ; wh e re i n I t r ult to n d urth e r a o ur ;
fo r I h a e b o th g o o d cau l e to afk i t, an d b e tte r h o pe t o o b tai n
i n c o n l i d e rati o n o f m y u n re w ard e d p ai n s an d u n d i s
i t, p art

on,
c ha
rg ed co t s , i n te ac h i n g Ki n g E D W A R D S p erf
art
fo r
p

m y th re e ears fervi c e i n th e E m p e ro r s co urt, b u t c h i e o fal l

reen wi c h ,
RY rst g a e i t m e at
o u r l o rd lh i
w h en Ki n g H
p
i n th e ga e r th e re afk i n g m e wh at t h e ki n g h ad gi en m e , an d
k n o wi n g t h e tr uth , o u r l o rd lh i p l ai d i t was to o i tt e , an d m o lt
B ut t h en I m o ft
o fe red m e to l p eak to t h e k i n g f
or m e
g en t
h ap p i y d e red o u r l o rd lh i p to re e r e th at g o o d n efs to an o th e r
t i m e , w h i c h ti m e G o d h ath g ran te d e en to th e l e d a s , w h e n
yo u r l o rd lh i p may n o w pe r o rm b y a o ur as m u ch as th en y o u
w if
h ed b y g o o d wi , b e i n g as e al to o b tai n th e o n e as to af
k
t h e o th e r
A n d I b efee c h o u r l o rd lh i p fe e w h at g o o d i s o fe red
m e i n wri ti n g th e p aten t th e fpac e w h i c h i s e ft b y c h an c e d o th
l e e m to c ra e b y g o o d uc k o m e w o rd s o f en gt h , as wgi n tz o r
h q
u ad ra i n m w o u d
t ri gm ta, y ea, w i th th e h e p o f a i tt e d af
g
fe r e b elt o f al l
B u t l ure as fo r dawn i t i s fo mew h at wi th th e
lh o rte f
t : n e e rth e e ss I fo r m y p art fh all b e n o e ss co n te n te d
wi th th e o n e th an g lad w i th th e o th e r, an d fo r ei th e r o f b o t h
A n d th us Go d p ro fp er y o ur
m o re th an b o u n d to o ur l o rd lh i p

Yo ur l o rd lh i p s m o l t b o un d en to fer e y o u
l o rd lh i p
R A SK
To th e R t R e e ren d F ath er i n Go d,
M y Lo rd B i lh o p o fW i n c h e lter h i s rac e , th el e

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b 8 65 afcen d e d th e
furn am e d i n at te r th e P /zzl q
th ro n e 1 M ar 88 6 d 9 1 1
p er,
i s rep u te d to h a e wri tte n , b e d e s o th e r w o rk s, o n e e n ti t e d

h
r
i
Tu? ! i v wo i p o rc rarn x tv avvro p o g wap t o m c, ( A l u m rn ary

i ti o n o f th e a
rt o f war)
ati o n i n to
e x po f
S i r J o h n C h e k e s t ran
h e d at B all e i n
Latin , o f th i s b oo k i n 1 5 4 3 o r 1 5 4 4, w as p u b l i f
1 5 5 4 , u n d e r th e ti t e o f L eam s l mp erato n lr D e elli c o a
,
ah /m m co mm /u s , I O
t r, e
C
C O Can t m b n gag
l
g re w i n [
/I
I n te rP
Th e Du tch m an
T R N
G,
ati n iz e d N A N N I U S ,
3
1 5 5 7 ] was P ro f
ef
fo r o f Lati n , i n c o e g e o f
b l 5 o o d 2 1 J u

i ty o f Lo u ai n
H e w ro te a
th e th ree an gu ag e s i n th e U n i ve rf
l ho rt trac t o f 34 p p , D e mi l i l e p ereg n n o i n w h i c h , i n a d ia o g ue
2

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O TE S

y G

b e t ween Ol y mp i us an d X en o ph o n , h e d i f
l es A rch er -v- un s
cuf

T h i s t rac t i s at tach e d to an o th e r e n ti t ed Oratzo d z o M azo /ze

L ozzam mf
h e d at Lo u ai n i n S e p te mb e r 1 5 4 3
i B o th were pub l i f
T h e F ren c h m an JO
b ab o u t 1 4 80
R A V I S l U s T X TO R [
4
d
b e cam e R e c to r o f th e U n i verty O f ari s
3 De c :
fag e th at p ro
h ed i n 1 5 2 2
Th e p af
H i s Oj i czn a was rft p ub li f

u z w a rzi fz mt B rz
tor (q
v o k e d A l ch am s i re i s , Crzzzi tu : azt S t a
l m m i s ) i n d zrz
g m dzs fag i /tzr acrer g/
fe ct eg regi or F o l 1 5 8 E d

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Th e F o re n ti n e
T R R C C O o r l ati n iz e d C R I N I T U S
d ab o u t
In
an I ta i an b i o g raph e r an d p oe t
6
b
1
[ 4 5
D ec e m b e r, 1 5 0 4 was p ub li f
h ed h i s Cal /m en tan z d: H om a D i s

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ml /M I

Th e F ren ch C h ro n i c er, R O B RT G A G U I N b ab o u t 1 4 2 5
6

e n era o f th e
rd e r o f th e T ri n i tari an s ,
d 22 Ju
an d re p u te d th e b e lt n arrato r o f h i s ag e Th e rlt e d i ti o n o f h i s
was p ub l i f
h ed i n
ari s , i n
Co zzzp m d zu m fup er F ra/zt o ru m

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1 4 95

Th e S co t I o n N M J O R , ati n iz e d I OA N N E S M J O R , D D

8
1
b
[ 4 7 d 1 5 40 ] w as fo r m an years P ro feffo r o fTh eo o gy an d
ari s
H e p ub l i fh ed h i s
o n e o fth e D o cto rs o fth e S o rb o n n e, at
Hz
o rza M azori r B ri ta/m us , tam A I rgl za: qu am S cotza, p er
m aem S cotu m , p roj i on e au tem
J o an n e: M ai o rem , n om zm q

T/Leol og vm z, e vetem m man y /I zm i r: con a m zaza

4 to ari s 1 5 2 1
Th i s h i lto ry i s d i i d ed i n to fi x b o o k s wh e re i n h e g i es a fum
fai rs o f S c o t an d ro m F e rg u s I ti th e
m ary ac c o un t o f th e af
i n th e ear 1 469, w i th w h i ch h e
m arri ag e o f Ki n g J am es

Wri ter: of t/ze S cot/Mr

M ac k en z i e
c o n c ud es h i s wo rk
N ati on , i i 3 1 5
8
H CTO R B O T U S , o r B O C , o r B O B S [
b ab o u t 1 4 7 0

d ab o u t 1 5 5 0 ] a n ati e o f D un d ee , b ec am e
ri n c i p a o f Ki n g s
C o eg e A b e rd ee n wro te S cotom m lzz
orza a p ri ma g en us
h ed i n
an gi n a & m i n 1 7 b o o k s, rlt p ub l i f
ari s i n 1 5 2 6, an d
eq
u en tl y e n ar e d i n ate r ed i ti o n s
s ub f
g
S i r Th o m as E o t d
Th e wo rk re fe rre d to b y
9
A fc h am, d o es n o t app ear e e r to h a e b een p u b l i f
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