{\rtf1 \ansi \ansicpg1252 \deff0 \stshfdbch2 \stshfloch0 \stshfhich0 \deflang103

3 \deflangfe1033 {\fonttbl {\f0 \froman \fcharset0 \fprq2 {\*\panose 02020603050

405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f2 \fnil \fcharset134 \fpr
q0 {\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimSun{\*\falt SimSun};}{\f3 \fnil \fcharset2
\fprq0 {\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings{\*\falt Wingdings};}{\f4 \fmod
ern \fcharset0 \fprq0 {\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New{\*\falt Courie
r New};}{\f5 \fnil \fcharset0 \fprq0 {\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Monaco{\*\f
alt dearJoe4};}{\f6 \fswiss \fcharset0 \fprq0 {\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Ca
libri{\*\falt Calibri};}}{\colortbl ;\red0 \green0 \blue0 ;\red128 \green0 \blue
0 ;\red255 \green0 \blue0 ;\red0 \green128 \blue0 ;\red128 \green128 \blue0 ;\re
d0 \green255 \blue0 ;\red255 \green255 \blue0 ;\red51 \green51 \blue51 ;\red0 \g
reen0 \blue128 ;\red128 \green0 \blue128 ;\red0 \green128 \blue128 ;\red128 \gre
en128 \blue128 ;\red192 \green192 \blue192 ;\red204 \green204 \blue204 ;\red245
\green245 \blue245 ;\red0 \green0 \blue255 ;\red255 \green0 \blue255 ;\red0 \gre
en255 \blue255 ;\red255 \green255 \blue255 ;\red0 \green0 \blue0 ;}{\stylesheet
{\qj \li0 \ri0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs2
1 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \snext0 \spriority0 Normal;}{\*\cs10
\snext10 \sunhideused \spriority99 Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15 \ql \li0 \ri0
\widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \
tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tq
l \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \
tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \f
4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \snext15 \sunhideused \spriori
ty99 HTML Preformatted;}}{\*\latentstyles \lsdstimax260 \lsdlockeddef0 \lsdsemih
iddendef1 \lsdunhideuseddef1 \lsdqformatdef0 \lsdprioritydef99 {\lsdlockedexcept
\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 heading 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdl
ocked0 heading 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
heading 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 headi
ng 7;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 heading 9;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 2;\lsdpriorit
y99 \lsdlocked0 index 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlo
cked0 index 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 inde
x 7;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index 9;\lsdpr
iority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdl
ocked0 toc 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 7;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 No
rmal Indent;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 footnote text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
annotation text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 header;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 foo
ter;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index heading;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 caption;
\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 table of figures;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 envelope
address;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 envelope return;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 fo
otnote reference;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 annotation reference;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 line number;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 page number;\lsdpriority99 \l
sdlocked0 endnote reference;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 endnote text;\lsdpriority
99 \lsdlocked0 table of authorities;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 macro;\lsdpriorit
y99 \lsdlocked0 toa heading;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List;\lsdpriority99 \lsdl
ocked0 List Bullet;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number;\lsdpriority99 \lsdloc
ked0 List 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 4;
\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 2;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 4;\ls
dpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 2;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 4
;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Title;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Closing;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Signature;\lsdpriority9
9 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text;\lsdpr
iority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Contin
ue 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List

Continue 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Message Header;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0

Subtitle;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Salutation;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Date;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text First Indent;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body
Text First Indent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Note Heading;\lsdpriority99 \lsd
locked0 Body Text 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlo
cked0 Body Text Indent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent 3;\lsdprior
ity99 \lsdlocked0 Block Text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Hyperlink;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 FollowedHyperlink;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Strong;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Emphasis;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Document Map;\lsdpriority99 \lsd
locked0 Plain Text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 E-mail Signature;\lsdpriority99 \l
sdlocked0 Normal (Web);\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Acronym;\lsdpriority99 \l
sdlocked0 HTML Address;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Cite;\lsdpriority99 \lsdl
ocked0 HTML Code;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Definition;\lsdpriority99 \lsdl
ocked0 HTML Keyboard;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Preformatted;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 HTML Sample;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Typewriter;\lsdpriority
99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Variable;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Normal Table;\lsdpriorit
y99 \lsdlocked0 annotation subject;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 No List;\lsdpriori
ty99 \lsdlocked0 Table Simple 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Simple 2;\lsdpr
iority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Simple 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Classic 1;\
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Classic 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Class
ic 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Classic 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table
Colorful 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Colorful 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocke
d0 Table Colorful 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns 1;\lsdpriority99 \l
sdlocked0 Table Columns 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns 3;\lsdpriorit
y99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Columns 5;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 2;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 4;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 6;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 7;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid 8;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 2;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 4;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 6;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 7;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table List 8;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Table 3D effects 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table 3D eff
ects 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table 3D effects 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Table Contemporary;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Elegant;\lsdpriority99 \lsdl
ocked0 Table Professional;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Subtle 1;\lsdpriority
99 \lsdlocked0 Table Subtle 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Web 1;\lsdpriorit
y99 \lsdlocked0 Table Web 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Web 3;\lsdpriority9
9 \lsdlocked0 Balloon Text;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Table Theme;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Light List;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid;\lsdpriority99 \lsd
locked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2;\lsdpriorit
y99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2;\lsdprior
ity99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2;\lsdpri
ority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List;\lsdprior
ity99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List;\lsd
priority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Ac
cent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Light Grid Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 1;\lsdpr
iority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium
List 1 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;\lsdpriority9
9 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Ac
cent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlock
ed0 Dark List Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1;\lsd
priority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorfu
l Grid Accent 1;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;
\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Medium Shading 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;\lsd

priority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium

Grid 1 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent
2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked
0 Colorful List Accent 2;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Li
st Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlo
cked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Acce
nt 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked
0 Medium List 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3;\lsdp
riority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium G
rid 3 Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsd
locked0 Colorful Shading Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accen
t 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Light Shading Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;\lsdprior
ity99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading
1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accen
t 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Medium Grid 2 Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdpr
iority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shad
ing Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \l
sdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 4;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent
5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Lig
ht Grid Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriori
ty99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Lis
t 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \l
sdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent
5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Dark List Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;\lsdprio
rity99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Gr
id Accent 5;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \ls
dlocked0 Light List Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;\lsd
priority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medi
um Shading 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdprio
rity99 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid
1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \ls
dlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6;\l
sdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Co
lorful List Accent 6;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6;}}{\*\gen
erator WPS Office}{\info {\author Welcome}{\operator Welcome}{\creatim \yr2016 \
mo11 \dy30 \hr13 \min56 }{\revtim \yr2016 \mo11 \dy30 \hr13 \min57 }{\version1 }
}\paperw12240 \paperh15840 \margl1800 \margr1800 \margt1440 \margb1440 \gutter0
\ftnbj \aenddoc \dghshow1 \dgvshow1 \jcompress1 \viewkind4 \viewscale100 \splytw
nine \htmautsp \lyttblrtgr \lnbrkrule \asianbrkrule \allowfieldendsel \snaptogri
dincell \viewkind4 \pgbrdrhead1 \pgbrdrfoot1 \noultrlspc {\*\fchars !),.:;?]\'7d
{\uc1 \u168 ?}{\uc1 \u183 ?}{\uc1 \u711 ?}{\uc1 \u713 ?}{\uc1 \u8213 ?}{\uc1 \u8
214 ?}{\uc1 \u8217 ?}{\uc1 \u8221 ?}{\uc1 \u8230 ?}{\uc1 \u8758 ?}{\uc1 \u12289
?}{\uc1 \u12290 ?}{\uc1 \u12291 ?}{\uc1 \u12293 ?}{\uc1 \u12297 ?}{\uc1 \u12299
?}{\uc1 \u12301 ?}{\uc1 \u12303 ?}{\uc1 \u12305 ?}{\uc1 \u12309 ?}{\uc1 \u12311
?}{\uc1 \u65281 ?}{\uc1 \u65282 ?}{\uc1 \u65287 ?}{\uc1 \u65289 ?}{\uc1 \u65292
?}{\uc1 \u65294 ?}{\uc1 \u65306 ?}{\uc1 \u65307 ?}{\uc1 \u65311 ?}{\uc1 \u65341
?}{\uc1 \u65344 ?}{\uc1 \u65372 ?}{\uc1 \u65373 ?}{\uc1 \u65374 ?}{\uc1 \u65504
?}}{\*\lchars ([\'7b{\uc1 \u183 ?}{\uc1 \u8216 ?}{\uc1 \u8220 ?}{\uc1 \u12296 ?}
{\uc1 \u12298 ?}{\uc1 \u12300 ?}{\uc1 \u12302 ?}{\uc1 \u12304 ?}{\uc1 \u12308 ?}
{\uc1 \u12310 ?}{\uc1 \u65288 ?}{\uc1 \u65294 ?}{\uc1 \u65339 ?}{\uc1 \u65371 ?}
{\uc1 \u65505 ?}{\uc1 \u65509 ?}}\fet2 {\*\ftnsep \pard \plain {\insrsid \chftns
ep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard
\plain {\insrsid \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsep
c \par }}\sectd \sbkpage \pgwsxn12240 \pghsxn15840 \marglsxn1800 \margrsxn1800 \

margtsxn1440 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt32 \sec

tdefaultcl \endnhere \pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \
saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \as
pnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140
\brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brs
p140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx
2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx82
44 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx
13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lan
g1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpa
t15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Introduction }{\
b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr
\brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfen
p2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto
0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp
140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \
brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql
\tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \t
x8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql
\tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \a
f5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chc
bpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \
plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widc
tlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin
0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brd
rcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15
\brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx45
80 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx1007
6 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \
fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe205
2 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0
\expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \l
angfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \
sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \
nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw
15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \b
rdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916
\tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \t
ql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \
tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19
\kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdr
w15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \c
aps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \s
l21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adju
stright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \b
rdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdr
r \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql
\tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \t
x9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql
\tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \lan
gnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1
033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Since the nineteenth centu
ry, the traditional understanding of Islam has been scrutinized due }{\b0 \i0 \f
s19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \
brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf

8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto
0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdr
b \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \
brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \
tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tq
l \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740
\tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \l
ang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 to the impact of Weste
rn imperialism and colonialism upon the Muslim world. Western }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \k
erning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw1
5 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \cap
s0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl2
1 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjust
right \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brd
rs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr
\brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \t
x3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9
160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \
tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langn
p1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \
loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang103
3 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 occupation upon the Islamic
world resulted in Muslims asserting their religious, socio- }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \ker
ning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15
\brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0
\par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21
\slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustri
ght \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs
\brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \b
rdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3
664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx916
0 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx
14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1
033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \lo
ch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 economic and political identit
ies. Additionally, Orientalism and Christian missionary writings }{\b0 \i0 \fs19
\kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brd
rw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \
caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \
sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adj
ustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \
brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brd
rr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql
\tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \
tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tq
l \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \la
ngnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af
5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang
1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 brought about an intellec
tual response from the Muslim intellectual elite. The effect of }{\b0 \i0 \fs19
\kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdr
w15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \c
aps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \s
l21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adju
stright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \b
rdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdr

r \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql
\tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \t
x9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql
\tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \lan
gnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1
033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Western presence brought i
nto question the viability of the traditional understanding of Islam }{\b0 \i0 \
fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs
\brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \c
f8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saaut
o0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brd
rb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140
\brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748
\tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \t
ql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740
\tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 upheld by the 'Ulama'
. Muslim intellectuals who contended that traditional Islam was }{\b0 \i0 \fs19
\kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdr
w15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \c
aps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \s
l21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adju
stright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \b
rdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdr
r \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql
\tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \t
x9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql
\tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \lan
gnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1
033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 responsible for the backwa
rdness \'7btakhaluf) and political subjugation \'7bistibdad) of Muslims, }{\b0 \
i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \br
drs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp205
2 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \s
aauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \asp
num \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140
\brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp
140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2
748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx824
4 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx1
3740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang
1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \
hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat
15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 recommended moder
nism (ta/did), reformism (isJah) and revivalism (nahda) as being necessary }{\b0
\i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \
brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2
052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0
\saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \a
spnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp14
0 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \br
sp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \t
x2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8
244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \t
x13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \la

ng1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbp
at15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 for the emancip
ation of Muslims and their progress. However, different Muslim responses }{\b0 \
i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \br
drs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp205
2 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \s
aauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \asp
num \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140
\brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp
140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2
748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx824
4 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx1
3740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang
1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \
hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat
15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 were voiced towar
ds the West and according to Masud some can be categorized under the }{\b0 \i0 \
fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs
\brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \c
f8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saaut
o0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brd
rb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140
\brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748
\tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \t
ql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740
\tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 rubric of 'Islamic mo
dernism'. 1 }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \e
xpndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \lang
fe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0
\sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \now
wrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15
\brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdr
w15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tq
l \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql
\tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql
\tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \a
f4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \ke
rning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15
\brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps
0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21
\slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustr
ight \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdr
s \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \
brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx
3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx91
60 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \t
x14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp
1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \l
och \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 In the Indian subcontinent, S
ir Sayyid Ahmad Khan is regarded as the father of 'Indian }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerni
ng0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \b
rdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \
par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \s
lmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustrigh

t \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \
brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brd
rs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx366
4 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160
\tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14
656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp103
3 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \l
angnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Islamic modernism'. In both the
political and intellectual realms he contributed towards }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kernin
g0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \br
drcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \p
ar }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \sl
mult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \b
rdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdr
s \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664
\tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \
tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx146
56 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \la
ngnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0
\li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0
\noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \b
rdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdr
l \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \
tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql
\tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql
\tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch
\af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0
\i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \
brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2
052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0
\saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \a
spnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp14
0 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \br
sp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \t
x2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8
244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \t
x13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \la
ng1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbp
at15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \pl
ain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctl
par \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0
\cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrc
f14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \b
rdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580
\tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076
\tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs
20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052
\langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \
expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \lan
gfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 1 Khalid Masud, Iqbal's Approach to Islamic th
eology of Modernity, Al-Hikmat, Punjab University, vol. 27, }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \ker
ning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15
\brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0
\par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21
\slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustri

ght \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs
\brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \b
rdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3
664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx916
0 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx
14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1
033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \lo
ch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 2007, p. 1-2 }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \
kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw
15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \ca
ps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl
21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjus
tright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \br
drs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr
\brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \
tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx
9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql
\tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \lang
np1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang10
33 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql
\fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \
keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \br
drt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140
\brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brs
p140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx549
6 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx1099
2 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0
\dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp205
2 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \ch
brdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \lan
gfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Islamic theology of modernity, also known jadid'ilm al- ka
lam, "new theology" and "Islamic modernism", is }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \c
hcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard
\plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \wi
dctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \r
in0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \b
rdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw1
5 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx
4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10
076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0
\fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2
052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expn
d0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 usually characterized as an apologetic app
roach to defend Islam against modern Western criticism. This is }{\b0 \i0 \fs19
\kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdr
w15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \c
aps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \s
l21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adju
stright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \b
rdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdr
r \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql
\tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \t
x9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql
\tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \lan
gnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1

033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 probably because modernity

came to be known in the Muslim world in the wake of colonialism when Muslims }{
\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrd
r \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfe
np2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbaut
o0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha
\aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brs
p140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14
\brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql
\tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \
tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql
\tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \
af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \ch
cbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 found themse
lves on the defensive. To the Western colonial regimes, Islam was not compatible
with modernity }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd
0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0
\sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0
\nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdr
w15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \
brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916
\tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \
tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908
\tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hic
h \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19
\kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brd
rw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \
caps0 and hence it was to be reformed and modernized or else marginalized. Musli
ms, therefore, generally conceived }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \a
f5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lan
g1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15
\ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep
0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15
\brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp
140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \
brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx
5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx1
0992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerni
ng0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp
2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0
\chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \
langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 modernity, modernism and modernization not only as West
ern and alien but also as hostile and threatening. }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \db
ch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14
\chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\p
ard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0
\widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0
\rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15
\brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brd
rw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql
\tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \t
x10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \it
ap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \lang
fe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \e
xpnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp10
33 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Islamic theology of modernity was not,
however, entirely apologetic. It was essentially an endeavor to develop an }{\b0
\i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \

brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2

052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0
\saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \a
spnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp14
0 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \br
sp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \t
x2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8
244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \t
x13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \la
ng1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbp
at15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Islamic framewo
rk to understand and respond to the questions that modernity posed to Muslim cul
tural outlook }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0
\expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \la
ngfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \s
b0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \n
owwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw1
5 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \br
drw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \
tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tq
l \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \t
ql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \
kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw
15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \ca
ps0 in general and to Islamic theology in particular. In this respect it defende
d Islam against particular criticism but }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \h
ich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat1
5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain
\s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar
\keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cb
pat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14
\brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdr
cf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \t
ql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tq
l \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20
\kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \la
ngfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \exp
ndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe
2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 it also developed a theological framework to expl
ain how modernity was relevant and compatible to Islam. }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning
0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brd
rcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \pa
r }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slm
ult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrb \brdrs \br
drw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs
\brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tql \tx2748 \tql \tx3664
\tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql \tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \t
ql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tql \tx13740 \tql \tx1465
6 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \
f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \lan
gnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 Muslim responses to Western modern
ity range from call for reform of to call for revival of Islam, and from total }
{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbr
dr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \chcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langf
enp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \s15 \ql \fi0 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa150 \sbau
to0 \saauto0 \sl21 \slmult0 \widctlpar \keep0 \keepn0 \noline0 \nowwrap \aspalph

a \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \cbpat15 \brdrt \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \br
sp140 \brdrb \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \brdrl \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14
\brsp140 \brdrr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \brsp140 \tql \tx916 \tql \tx1832 \tq
l \tx2748 \tql \tx3664 \tql \tx4580 \tql \tx5496 \tql \tx6412 \tql \tx7328 \tql
\tx8244 \tql \tx9160 \tql \tx10076 \tql \tx10992 \tql \tx11908 \tql \tx12824 \tq
l \tx13740 \tql \tx14656 \itap0 \fs20 \kerning0 \dbch \af2 \hich \af4 \loch \af4
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 {\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \chbrdr \brdrs \brdrw15 \brdrcf14 \c
hcbpat15 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 rejection o
f either tradition or modernity to a reconstruction of Islamic religious thought
. }{\b0 \i0 \fs19 \kerning0 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \expnd0 \expndtw0 \l
ang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \cf8 \caps0 \par }\pard \plain \ql
\li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \ad
justright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af6 \hich \af6 \loch \f6 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }}