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C ONCRETE M IX D ESIGN ,
T RIALS & M IX A DJUSTMENT
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B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
Strength margin
B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
Durabilityy requirements:
q
Max w/c,
/ , min cement
Max size of
aggregate (mm)
Workability
Slump
10
Concrete density
Total aggregate
Trial
Mix adjustment
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Standard of
control
3
Excellent
49151/A2014/L5/VS
Very good
3-3.5
Good
3.5-4
Fair
4-5
Poor
>5
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10-30
30-60
60-180
>12
6-12
3-6
0-3
225
Type of
Aggregate
Uncrushed
150
180
205
Crushed
180
205
230
250
20
Uncrushed
135
160
180
195
Crushed
170
190
210
225
40
Uncrushed
115
140
160
175
Crushed
155
175
190
205
0-10
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B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
D ETERMINE FREE WATER CONTENT
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B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
10
100
1. Maximum w/c
90
If target w/c > max w/c, use max w/c and get better strength
% passingg
80
70
60
50
40
30
If calculated cement content < min cement ..Use min cement and
20
10
0
Sieve
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B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
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B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
11
90
80
% passingg
60
50
40
30
70
20
10
0
Sieve
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B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
% passing
g
B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
U NIT W ATER M ETHOD - C HECKING YIELD
Components
Free water
90
Cement
80
40
density
Mass,
kg/m3
Volume
1000
3.15x1000
SCM
70
50
Air 1.5%
Finer Zone C
Zone B
PASTE, P
Coarser Zone A
30
20
AGGREGATES = 1-P
2
10
TOTAL
49151 L5 AUTUMN SEMESTER 2014
49151/A2014/L5/VS
12
100
60
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Sieve
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13
B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
U NIT W ATER M ETHOD - C HECKING YIELD
Components
Free water
Cement
density
Mass,
kg/m3
16
Volume
1000
210
0.210
3.15x1000
420
0.133
SCM
Air 1.5%
0.015
PASTE, P
0.358
AGGREGATES = 1-P
0.642
1720
600
1120
0.415
2350
0.999
TOTAL
0.226
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PART T WO M IX D ESIGN
E XAMPLE Q UESTIONS
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B ASIC M IX D ESIGN
15
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E XAMPLE O NE (1/8)
18
T RIAL MIXES
17
Question
6, Measure the mass per unit volume and air content, and strengths
7. Adjust mix proportion by volume (Unit Volume Method) to get the
right yield
8 Re-design the mix based on improve data eg. Strength vs w/c
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E XAMPLE O NE (2/8)
19
Question (Cont.)
Question (Cont.)
kg/m
kg/ 3)
Water
W t content
t t (in
(i
General
G
l purpose PC
b)
c)
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E XAMPLE O NE (3/8)
20
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E XAMPLE O NE (6/8)
23
Question (Cont.)
Question (Cont.)
20 mm gravell content
t t (in
(i
e)
f)
kg/m
k / 3)
21
a)
E XAMPLE O NE (5/8)
22
Slump of 80 mm
w/c of 0.50
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E XAMPLE O NE (4/8)
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E XAMPLE O NE (7/8)
24
Question (Cont.)
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E XAMPLE O NE (8/8)
25
28
Question (Cont.)
SG of PC = 3.15
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0.50
minimum PC
10 mm
w/c
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29
20 mm
air
vPC-paste = 0.324 m3
27
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fine
coarse
both
b th
185 kg/m3
angular
rounded
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30
209 kg/m3
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20 mm
m3
= [mfa/2,500
kg/m3]
+ [mca/2,600
0.656
20 mm Gravel Content
Solving for coarse aggregate content (cca),
coarse
kg/m3]
fine
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35
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32
34
coarse
coarse
m3
x 6.5 x
105
mfa = (0.656
kg/m3)/635
10 mm
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33
10 mm Gravel Content
36
fine
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fine
coarse
m3
= 1,007.25
kg/m3
c10-mm = 559.58
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kg/m3
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40
coarse
Water Content
fine
less
kg/1m3
= 671.50
kg/m3
FA
Modify the mix in example one to include 20% fly ash (FA)
of total cementitious material by mass
FA Mass
w/c
FA
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PC Mass
Establishing PC mass (mPC) relationship,
SG of FA = 2.40
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42
must
49151/A2014/L5/VS
PC
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Question (Cont.)
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both
E XAMPLE T WO (2/2)
41
39
Question
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E XAMPLE T WO (1/2)
38
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PC
46
PC Content
minimum PC
cPC = mPC/vtotal
air
vCM-paste = 0.336 m3
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FA Mass
mFA = 87.60 kg
fine
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FA
44
FA
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FA Content
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cFA = mFA/vtotal
cFA 88 kg/m3
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coarse
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10 mm
10 mm Gravel Content
52
coarse
fine
coarse
cca = 988.82
kg/1m3
= 988.82
kg/m3
kg/m3
c10-mm = 549.34
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50
20 mm
fine
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51
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Question
53
20 mm Gravel Content
coarse
54
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fine
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58
0.47
fcm = fc + (k x s)
fcm = 32 MPa + (1.64 x 2.2 MPa) = 35.6 MPa
minimum PC
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56
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vPC-paste = 0.332 m3
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35.6 MPa
w/cm
/
fine
w/c
w/cm = 0.47
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non
w/cm
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10
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64
fine
fine
fine
coarse
m3
x 6.5 x
105
mfa = (0.648
kg/m3)/635
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10 mm
10 mm Gravel Content
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coarse
fine
coarse
m3
= 994.97
kg/m3
kg/m3
c10-mm = 552.76
coarse
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20 mm
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E XAMPLE F OUR
66
Question
20 mm Gravel Content
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11
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67
Extra-Water Content
fine
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68
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71
no
70
w/c increases
minimum PC
cwater = 198.33
kg/m3
+ 10
coarse
kg/m3
= 208.33
kg/m3
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69
10 mm
72
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10 mm Gravel Content
Solving for coarse aggregate content (cca),
Total
air
vPC-paste = 0.349 m3
kg/m3)
+ (208.33
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73
20 mm
Question
20 mm Gravel Content
coarse
E XAMPLE F IVE
76
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74
77
fine
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fine
reduction
cfa = 645.91
kg/1m3
= 645.91
kg/m3
not
minimum PC
cfs = 287.07
coarse
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75
78
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fine
cfa = 645.91
kg/1m3
= 645.91
kg/m3
rich
49151/A2014/L5/VS
vPC-paste = 0.233 m3
Total
air
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13
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79
20 mm
m3
= [mfa/2,500
kg/m3]
0.747
+ [mca/2,600
20 mm Gravel Content
Solving for coarse aggregate content (cca),
coarse
kg/m3]
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83
fine
fine
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80
82
fine
coarse
m3
x 6.5 x
105
mfa = (0.747
kg/m3)/635
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81
10 mm
10 mm Gravel Content
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84
coarse
fine
coarse
m3
= 1146.98
kg/m3
c10-mm = 637.21
49151/A2014/L5/VS
kg/m3
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