Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
~
~
~
~
+
~
d
&
~
~
~
~
TITWI?*-M*I=~~TITWI?M+~~MT~~~
*%1m~?i?r3***~m+m*m3
jf*
$1
- 3 dh*d3 @'VRTmd%
---(producer)
$ R e
'
t l b m m - m * & * a a a f + m * d +
F I I ' F ~ + w ~ J ~ ~ ~ * ~ &
~ ~%
r mI ; r u r ~ ( p h o t o s y n t h e s i s )
~ t ~ h * $ T ~ & ~ d ~ m * ~ & * e m m . r f f
31
(diatoms), Z?
(algae), 'TFlWV5 (phytoplankton) & m
*d%
(k-3
m)l
Herb
-3
Chlorella
(herbivores),
W%ITW% (carnivores),
~ E I %(omnivores),
3hi
d (detritus feeders) I
I 'olvox
'
A diatom
h~Rmf%Gtm3mr~'S:Bf3f+~~if~~m3mifm
& e r a 3 1 ~ ~ ~ f i & $ b . m R ~ w ~ m m ; m f t & 3 3 h
- e @ ~ ~ m m ~ + 3 3 1 - q ~ m ~ n r o f t m f 3 m i f ~ ~
P&bmv*+a;rreb1@&3'itMdfi&mdfi
q ? f C R T 3 ; f ~ ~ b H ~ ? $ F t F i T T(%-4)l
& P mmdf'h3TTPiT
M $ * $ 8 f i f ? m M P W ~ M & W T * 3 3
rn &3 8 I
3 ~ m ~ .
TJFT
m
(grazing food chain) T TOP&
sTmc ?@FIT (predator -food chain) TEfRf? 'S: @-5a) &
3lEl7 %p%T
3h
if JIR% $18
3 4~h if TAM (parasites) 3%~ TXWM
@ '(detritus
l ~ food chain) T
(hyperparastes) d& 3
rn
(saprophytic food chain) &!f (f%T -5b %%T) I 'it m
m*+~
m m ' f i r h ~ ~ -%)I
~ ~ ~
mf%~
(a) Grazing
Food Chain
Food C h n s
Grazing food chain Detritus food chain
Plants
1
1
Remains and
wastes of living
beings
Y
I
Detritus feeders
Rabbit
Wolf
Rabbit
7
Bacteria and
filllgi
Remains and
wastes
Wolf
Remains and
----
(%-6)
i
&
W
h (trohic level) T rn
I &13tbnemhm*+a;rr&'S:,mm;mft*mm**
~ m ?np ' t 3
~
~ h m ( @ , ~ , ~ J T T R ) ~ m ~ & 3 $ 1 ~ m
.,;lmr;rr*~mmmlm3Pmw~mm*&m*~~
mm*mm%l
Food Chain
- -Grass
Grasshopper -.Frog
--
Snake --Vulture
Trophic
Levels
Kind of
Organism
-fzl
Primary
k d a r y
Tertiary
Quatenlary
Producer
Consumer
2
Alp/
Trophic Levels
1 st
.- ,.i
3rd
4th
Food chain
Green plants
Eggs
/Man
M ~ T i ? r * * M * ~ ~ * w * * w B ~
~ ~ T T F
~ M
- ~ ~ ) R T ~ X ~ T ~ T I T . ~ ~ ~ W T T * R T + T ~
m$shr*m~*mm%*M*3sPimarRT*
f%%m%l
%%f?F~?Ohn;m3~~1~?r;rfkl@E(~~ramid
!TGf%m % (f$jr 12a) I
ofnumbers) $3&F
dTT .Far V7
d h ?r;r ~QX@I
~ S ~ (Pyramid of biomass) (k
12b), %&
M V7
vnef
X ~ m m b l ~ * ~ * m t
*
*
m w * h t w
%-I:
R h M dihi (endemic
s p b c i ~ )~
dahrm
gma:*dihi
- ; h ~ ~ & g c i f t k = ~ + = ~ t ~ i ~ h R M b ? i ? r 3 -~ r P r
~ ~ ( m e V s Y s t e m ) + M ~ ~ @ * m * ~ 8 ~ * ~
t*TyTBl-*qil*mShim*&*md&
g;r:*ew~@dd31*mw,-;hM+**M
*rn~
*$
mw
,m m ~ 9 ~ i i 6 9 . ~ m ? ! 1 3 ~ *
= 8 ? ~ r % r m m m ~ 1 w m ~ & d * & * * & * ~
?W@T '
1
3
(natural equilibrium) fl T$l
3 m'IH'dm W 8 I 3
*~
81.4wMm8-;h~*v4Fmorgy*~~vfm
zt;TtTmmM~mm$13~~~m%&+M3;r*~*
~ f h M k m & m r w ~ r n % + m ~ 8 ~ 1
td%6
(abiotic) : TiTdh
% ?d"$? I
W3Ri13m & ?FJTm'
(biosphere) : @ ?n T
R4TJl%? 9lp
*%I
(decomposer) : &T %
kd 1
&
&&*~*m*sy;rme%l
Wi?3
(detritus) : FF&l V
wftfhfh i k @
(ecological
~~
&
V TilY k d I
ir WF3T VEiT
ii;Pm; h
m * m
*I
m-m
(photosynthesis) :
ZRJ
=***.iitd*,*~*4km*,-*M
Jivn (by-product) % I
% I $kfFhT VffaigT ?n
?k
d ?f;T Jgdm d l
WFK
*&
WlR V
%T