VoLTE

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2010

Business of Voice

70% of operator revenues

come from voice/SMS
$600B
Txt
Msg

Voice
Calls

Increasing demand for

voice and data
Revenues are flat

Smart Phones drive data

revenue but allow OTT
to win
1

VoLTE Status

http://www.gsma.com/network2020/volte/#map2

GSMA Resources

http://www.gsma.com/network2020/volte/resources/

Network Evolution

UE

2G GSM

Core:
Voice
IMS

UE

3G UMTS/HSPA

Core:
Data

UE

4G LTE

LTE is Data Only

4

LTE Architecture (high level)

Connection to External Networks
IMS, MMS, WAP, Media Centers

IMS
WLAN

SGi
S2

PGW

UMTS
S3,S4,S12

S5

SGW

S1-U
eNB

S11
EPC
All IP
All New

X2
eUTRAN

MME
S1-MME

eNB Evolved Node B;MME Mobility Management Entity; SGW Serving Gateway
P-GW Packet Data Gateway UE User Equipment

eNB

UE

Services for LTE

LTE Services

3rd Party Content

Operator Managed Content
Video, Social Networking, WWW

LTE Network

Is a transport/delivery network
Can manage content QoS
High capacity means many customers

Content Management

IMS
Service Delivery Platform
LTE compatible with existing solutions
6

Voice and LTE

IMS Network

AS
TAS

Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

Register VoIP Users
Processes VoIP Call
Manages VoIP Services

CSCF

IMS

Signalling (SIP)

EPC
Media (RTP)

IMS VoIP
App

LTE Network

Establishes Initial Bearer

Must maintain an always on connection
Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS
Routes the VoIP Media

EPS and IMS Procedure Overview

eNB

MME

HSS

S/PGW

PCRF

UE

RRC Connection

EPS Registration, Default Bearer Setup, VoLTE Support Discovery

IMS Registration and User Authentication

IMS VoIP Session Setup (SIP)

EPS Dedicated Bearer Setup

Voice Media UE - UE
UE

UE
IMS VoIP Session and Dedicated Bearer Release

CSCF

AS

The Default Bearer

LTE Network

IMS

Signalling (SIP)

EPC

Establishes Initial Bearer

IP Address Allocated on registration
Must maintain an always on connection
Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS`

IMS VoIP
App

18

QoS Class Identifier Values

10

EPS Bearer Properties

Default Bearer Properties

QCI 5
ARP 9
APN AMBR UL .5Mbps
APN AMBR DL 1Mbps

Default Bearer

IMS

UE

PDN Connection

IPv4 192.202.32.01
IPv6 5555::a:b:c:d

11

The Dedicated Bearer

LTE Network

IMS

Establishes Initial Bearer

IP Address Allocated on registration
Must maintain an always on connection
Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS`

Signalling (SIP)

EPC
Media (RTP) LTE Network
Dedicated Bearer established with
application activation
Bearer properties negotiated with EPC
Bearer properties include QoS parameters
12

IMS VoIP
App

Dedicated Bearer Properties

QCI 5
ARP 9
APN AMBR UL .5Mbps
APN AMBR DL 1Mbps

QCI 1
ARP 9
GBR MBR 32Kbps
TFT

Default Bearer
UE

Dedicated Bearer
PDN Connection

IPv4 192.202.32.01
IPv6 5555::a:b:c:d

13

IMS

IMS Registration
P-CSCF

I-CSCF

HSS

S-CSCF

UE

Register
ID/IP

S-CSCF Selection

Register
Register
IMS may invoke security measures

200 OK
200 OK
200 OK
UEs Subscription to registration event package (services and public user ids)

P-CSCFs Subscription to registration event package

14

S-CSCF 3rd
Party Reg to
AS

SIP Call Setup Signalling

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

Destination
System

AS

UE
INVITE

INVITE

INVITE
INVITE
100 TRYING
Session Progress
183

183
183
PRACK
PRACK

PRACK
PRACK
200 OK

200 OK

200 OK

200 OK
UPDATE
UPDATE

Ded. Bearer
Est.

UPDATE
UPDATE

200 OK
200 OK

200 OK
200 OK

Ringing
ACK

15

ACK

ACK

CSFB Architecture
MSC
Server
Core:
Voice

MAP
HSS

SGs
S6
2G/3G GSM/UMTS

4G LTE

16

MME
Core:
Data

Registration with CSFB

MME

S/P-GW

HSS

MSC

UE
Initial Attachment request combined EPS/IMSI

Find
MSC/VLR

Location Update Request

CS Loc
Update

Location Update Accept

Initial Attachment complete

17

CSFB Mobile Originating Call

MME

S/P-GW

UE
Extended Service Request
Extended Service Request

UE Initial Context with CSFB indicator

Initial Context Response

eNB redirects UE to Target Access

UE Falls Back to 2G/3G
UE may perform Location Update
Normal CS call Setup Procedure

18

HSS

MSC

CSFB Mobile Terminating Call

MME

HSS

MSC

G-MSC

UE
Request for Location
Provide MSRN

MSRN
Routing Information

Call Setup to Serving MSC

Paging via LTE
Paging
Paging
Extended Service Request
CSFB
Extended Service Request
CSFB
UE Switches to
2G/3G
HO Bearers

UE Context Modification
with CSFB indicator
Context Mod Response

Normal CS Call Setup

19

Service Request

Incoming Call

VoLTE Roaming

All material is Copyright Informa Telecoms & Media 2001-2010

CS Roaming and Interconnect Model

Op-A

Op-C

HSS

HSS

Voice
Interconnect
Network

Signalling
Interconnect
Network

Voice
Interconnect
Network

Signalling
Interconnect
Network

Voice
Interconnect
Network

Location Registration
and other signalling

UE

21

Op-B

Voice
Interconnect
Network

Voice
Interconnect
Network

Signalling
Interconnect
Network

Voice
Interconnect
Network

Signalling
Interconnect
Network

Location Registration
and other signalling

Op-D

UE

UE-IMS Connectivity:-Scenario 1

Home
IMS
BGW
Inter PLMN Backbone
IP

Visited IMS maintains virtual UE

presence IP Address is known

BGW

PCSCF
SGi

PGW

SGW
UE

EPS Bearer
Visited PLMN

22

Visited
IMS

IMS Interworking

SCSCF

IP Connectivity is managed by the Visited System

UE IP address is known by visited IMS P-CSCF
Visited and Home IMS are connected via 3rd party IP backbone
service
This scenario requires IMS Interworking

UE-IMS Connectivity:- Scenario 2

IP connectivity is provided by the Visited Network

UE is connected to the Home IMS via 3rd party IP backbone
No IMS Interworking required

Home IMS maintains virtual UE

presence IP Address is known

SCSCF

Home
IMS
BGW

BGW
Inter PLMN Backbone
IP

UE IP Address is here
SGi

PGW

SGW
UE

EPS Bearer
Visited PLMN

23

Visited
IMS

UE-IMS Connectivity:- Scenario 3

EPS Bearer is extended to Home Network

IP connectivity is managed by Home Network
UE connects to Home IMS directly via EPS Bearer
Home IMS maintains virtual UE
No IMS Interworking Required

SCSCF

Home
IMS

presence IP Address is known

SGi

Home
EPC PGW

S8
BGW
Inter PLMN
Backbone
IP

SGW
UE

EPS Bearer

BGW

Visited PLMN
Visited
IMS

24

VoLTE Roaming and Interconnection Model

A more complex scenario

SIP Signalling may not pass through the
IPX handling the voice connection
OP-C

OP-A
IPX

IPX

x-CSCF

IPX

SIP Signalling

IPX

SIP Signalling

x-CSCF

UE

IPX
OP-B

25

IPX

There may be charging issues if SIP does

not pass through the IPX

UE
P-CSCF

IPX

IPX
Voice Call

P-CSCF

OP-D

Roaming Architecture for Voice over IMS with

Local Breakout (RAVEL)

TRF Transmit Routing Function, a new element for RAVEL

Loopback Signalling forces SIP signalling and Voice to same path (as for CS)
OMR Optimal Media Routing (IR.65)
(6) Check Loopback Indicator

OP-C

(4) Service Control

x-CSCF

OP-A

x-CSCF

IPX

IPX

IPX

IPX

IPX

UE
TRF

P-CSCF

(2) Assign
TRF
Address

(1) Initiate Call

OP-B

26

(5) Forward INVITE

(loopback indicator)

(3) Transmit INVITE

IPX

P-CSCF
UE

OP-D

Standards for Voice over LTE

GSMA Standards for RCS
(http://www.gsma.com/rcs/specifications)
Release 1
Offered the first definitions for the enrichment of voice and chat with content
sharing, driven from an RCS enhanced address book.
Release 2
Added broadband access to RCS features: enhancing the messaging and
enabling sharing of files.
Release 3
Focused on the broadband device as a primary device.
Release 4
Included support for LTE.
Release 5
The most recent release, global interoperability is a key aspect of these
specifications

RCS/Joyn Services

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1-to-1 Chat
Group Chat
File Transfer
Content Sharing
Social Presence Information
IP Voice call
Best Effort Video call
Geolocation Exchange
Network based blacklist
Capability Exchange based on Presence or SIP OPTIONS

Questions

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