5/25/2016

ZeroSpeedSwitchWorkingPrincipleInstrumentationTools

INSTRUMENTATION TOOLS

Zero Speed Switch Working Principle

Switches March26,2016

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MonitoringSpeedisessentialinanyautomationprocess.Speedofanyequipmentdrivenby
an electric motor can very due to variety of reasons e.g. overload, underload, breakage of
transmission parts etc. In case of open loop control, a speed monitoring device is useful to
eithergiveanalramortoswitchoffthemotor.Incaseofaclosedloopcontrol,e.g.D.C.drive
orV/Fdrive,afeedbackisrequired(420mAor010V)totakecorrectiveaction.
Zero speed switches (ZSS) also known as SpeedActuating Sensing Switches are used to
detect the stoppage or unacceptably slow movement of a rotating shaft. Generally its
applications are in various machines, conveyors, power plants, and industries involving the
productionofcement,sugar,textiles,paper,etc.

PrincipleofOperation:
The speed /motion of rotating / moving object is sensed by a noncontact Inductive type
sensor.Thesensorprobeisinstalledwithitssensingfaceinclosevicinityofrotatingobject.
Themetallicpieces(flags)withspecifieddimensionsaretobemountedontherotatingobject.
Whentheseflagspassacrossthefaceoftheprobe,thefrontallyradiatedelectromagneticfield
oftheprobeisdampedwhichisconvertedtoacorrespondingoutputpulse.
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ZeroSpeedSwitchWorkingPrincipleInstrumentationTools

Thesepulsesaredigitalinnatureandthecircuitisdesignedtoworkinelectricallynoisyarea.
However,theinterconnectingcableshouldbeofminimum0.5sq.mm.Size.ALEDprovidedon
rearsideoftheprobegivesvisualindicationforsensingoftheflag.Incaseofsensorsother
than Inductive type the pulses generated are to be connected as specified for the individual
sensor.
Initialbypasstimedelay
For monitoring under speed conditions it is essential to have a by pass arrangement during
startingofmachine.TheoutputrelayofspeedmonitorisOFFduringstarting/underspeed
condition and is ON (energized) during healthy running speed. Hence it is essential to
bypass(override) the relay contacts during starting. This can be achieved by using either a
externaltimerunit,byprogrammingthruPLCorbyusingabuiltinbypasstimedelay(ITD).
with the built in ITD feature the output relay switches ONwith supply ON condition and
remains ON till the set time delay. If the equipment speed reaches its normal healthy speed
duringthistimethentherelaycontinuestoremainON.Therelaydropsoutifthespeedhas
notreachedthesetvalueorwhenthespeeddropsbelowsetvalueduringrunning.
NuisanceTrippingTimeDelay
Duringrunning,equipmentmayloseitsspeedmomentarilyduetovariousreasons.Toavoid
tripping due to this a built in time delay is provided. The output relay will drop out after the
preset time delay after the speed has dropped below set value. If the equipment speed
recoversduringthisthentherelaycontinuestoremainON.
Speed sensors and zero speed switches are used to protect equipment, processes, and
people.Whenthespeedsensororspeedswitchdetectsachangeinspeed,asignalissentto
acontrolpaneloranalarmtoalerttheoperatorofamalfunction.Whenthealarmistriggered,
stepscanbetakentocorrecttheproblembeforeacatastrophicbreakdownhappens.Thiswill
greatlyreduceyourdowntime,maintenancecosts,andlowermaterialwastecost.Operational
lifeisalsomaximizedwithouttheriskofunexpectedfailures.
Application
Electronic Speed Monitor is used to monitor speed of conveyors, crushers, rolling mills,
agitators, mixers, stirrers, screw conveyors, and other industrial machinery. This device
actuatesrelaycontactsatpresetspeed.Usingthesecontactsdesiredcontrolactionsuchas
zerospeedprotection/underspeedprotection/overspeedprotectioncanbeachieved.
Advantages
ItSensesspeedbynoncontactway.Hencenomovingparts.
Nowearandtearsofrollersormisalignmentofcouplings.
Easyspeedsetting.
Builtininitialbypasstimedelayarrangement.
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ZeroSpeedSwitchWorkingPrincipleInstrumentationTools

Speedsettingpossiblefrom1RPMto5000RPMinoptionalranges.
Totallyenclosedsensor,worksinpresenceofdust,dirtwater,oil&chemicals.
Directionsensingandspeedmonitoringofvariouslocationsfromsinglepointispossible.
IntrinsicallySafeSensorsandspeedswitcheswithFlameproofEnclosuresareavailablefor
useinHazardousarea.

POSTED BY S BHARADWAJ REDDY

InstrumentationProfessionalWorkinginareputedOil&GasCompany.

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