Assignment IV

ALGEBRA I
January 13, 2016

Group Members
Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Abener Tewodros
Hana Endiris . .
Miliyon Tilahun .
Sisai Bekele . . .
Shimekit Legese .

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ID No
GSR/1417/08
GSR/1419/08
GSR/1401/08
GSR/1426/08
GSR/1425/08

Show all the necessary steps

1. Show that pm Zpn
= Zpnm (m < n)
Solution. Note that pm Zpn has order pnm so pm Zpn = hpm i
= Zpnm
2. How many subgroups of order p2 does the abelian group Zp3 Zp2 have? Justify!
Solution. p2 + p + 1: A group of order p2 is either cyclic or of the form hx, yi with x and y of order p.
2
2
Lets count first the number of cyclic subgroups. If (a, b) is a generator, then we want ap = 1 = bp and
at least one of ap or bp nontrivial. Z/p3 Z has p3 p2 elements of order p3 , p2 p elements of order p2 ,
p1 elements of order p and 1 elements of order 1. Z/p2 Z has p2 p elements of order p2 , p1 elements
of order p and 1 elements of order 1. This gives us (p2 p) p2 + (p 1) (p2 p) + 1 (p2 p) = p4 p2
choices. The generator of a cyclic group of order p2 can be chosen in p2 p ways, so the number of
4
2
2
such subgroups is pp2p
p = p + p.
The second case was when the subgroup was generated by two elements of order p. Note that Z/p3 Z
has only p elements of order p, same as Z/p2 Z. Thus, there are only p2 elements of order 1 or p in
the group, and they constitute the only subgroup isomorphic to Z/pZ.
This gives a total of p2 + p + 1 subgroups of order p2 .
3. What are the elementary divisors of Z26 Z42 Z49 Z200 Z1000 ? What are the invariant actors?
Solution. The elementary divisors are: 2, 2, 23 , 23 , 3, 52 , 53 , 7, 72 , 13 which may be arranged as:
21 ,
21 ,
23 ,
23 ,

30 ,
30 ,
30 ,
31 ,

50 ,
50 ,
52 ,
53 ,

70 ,
70 ,
71 ,
72 ,

130
130
130
131

Consequently, the invariant factors are; 2, 2, 23 52 7 = 1400, 23 3 53 72 13 = 1911000.

4. If N C G and N, G/N are both p groups, then show that G is a p-group.
Solution. We have |G| = [G : N ]|N | and hence |G| = |G/N ||N | but N, G/N are both p groups i.e.
|N | = p and |G/N | = p for some and . Hence, |G| = p+ . Therefore, G is a p-group.
5. Show that every group of order 12, 28, 56 and 200 must contain a normal sylow subgroup and hence is
not simple.
Proof. Let nG (p) denote the number of Sylow p-subgroups in a group G, where p is a prime.
12: Assume |G| = 12 = 22 3. By Third Sylow Theorem, nG (3) = 1 or 4. If nG (3) = 1, then G contains
a normal Sylow 3-subgroup; if nG (3) = 4, then G contains 2 4 = 8 elements of order 3, and thus the
remaining 4 elements of G form a normal Sylow 2-subgroup of G.
28: Assume |G| = 28 = 22 7. By Third Sylow Theorem, nG (7) = 1. So G contains a normal Sylow
7-subgroup.
56: Assume |G| = 56 = 23 7. By Third Sylow Theorem, nG (7) = 1 or 8. If nG (7) = 1, then G contains
a normal Sylow 7-subgroup; if nG (7) = 8, then G contains 6 8 = 48 elements of order 7, and thus the
remaining 8 elements of G form a normal Sylow 2-subgroup of G.
200: Assume |G| = 200 = 23 52 . By Third Sylow Theorem, nG (5) = 1. So G contains a normal Sylow
5-subgroup.
Since each of the groups with the given order has a normal subgroup, which is proper, it follows they
are not simple.
6. If N C G and N G0 = hei, then N C(G).
2

Solution. Since N is normal, it is true that for all g G, gN g 1 = N . In particular, given n N , we

have that gng 1 N . Now we have gng 1 n1 N and gng 1 n1 G0 hence gng 1 n1 N G0 .
Since the intersection is just e, gng 1 n1 = e gn = ng, g G. Hence n C(G) which implies
N C(G).