Biology 20 Third Lecture Examination

1. According to the transpiration-cohesion

theory, water is pulled upward through the
xylem. The cause of the pull is
A. Guttation
B. Transpiration
C. Root pressure
D. Condensation
2. The upward pull of water is transmitted to
other water molecules by cohesion, which
is caused by
A. Hydrogen bonds
B. Hydrophilic cell walls
C. Osmosis
D. Turgor pressure
3. Which of the following is not a function of
transpiration?
A. Cooling of leaves
B. Uptake of minerals
C. Excretion of minerals
D. Uptake of water
4. Phloem always flows from a
A. Sugar source to a sugar sink
B. Sugar sink to a sugar source
C. Leaf to a root
D. Leaf to the xylem to the phloem
5. Most of the dry weight of a tree comes
from atoms taken from
A. Soil
B. water
C. Air
D. Decomposing leaves
6. Minerals enter a plant mainly through
A. Roots
B. Stems
C. Leaves
D. Stomata
7. Which of the following conditions
promotes xylem transport of water?
A. Cool nights
B. Dry warm days
C. Dry warm nights
D. Humid hot days
8. Requirement(s) for phloem transport of
sugars include
A. Living sieve tube members
B. Active transport of sugars into sieve
tube members
C. Sieve tube with no end walls
D. A and B

9. Water moves from the soil into the xylem

of a root via
A. Diffusion
B. Diffusion and osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Translocation
10. Long distance transport systems are
adaptive in land plants because
A. Most mineral nutrients are found in the
soil, where light is absent
B. They compete for sunlight, leading to
taller plants
C. Air is not a very supporting medium
and transport systems give a plant its
only support
D. A and B
11. Whenever energy is transformed, there is
always an increase
A. In the free energy of the system
B. In the free energy of the universe
C. In the entropy of the system
D. In the entropy of the universe
Use the key to match with the statements on the
following numbers. Key:
A. Terpenes
B. Phenolics
C. N-containing compounds
D. Two or more of these
E. None of these
12. These are constituents of essential oils
Terpenes
13. Tannin is an example of this secondary
metabolite Phenolics
14. Flavones are a kind of this secondary
metabolite Phenolics
15. Morphine, codeine and quinine are all this
kind of secondary metabolite Ncontaining compounds
16. Lignin is the second most abundant
chemical in the plant and is categorized as
____. Phenolics
17.These are known as anti-herbivores Two
or more of these
18. The two types of cellular organelles that
transform energy are
A. Chromoplasts and leucoplasts
B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
C. Mitochondria and chromoplasts
D. Chloroplasts and leucoplasts
19. Which of the following does not increase
the rate of diffusion?
A. Increasing the concentration of a
molecule

B. Increasing the temperature of the fluid

C. Decreasing the size of the molecules
D. Increasing the size of the
molecules

C. There is less energy in pyruvate

than in one molecule of glucose
D. Pyruvate is in a more reduced state
than glucose

20. Which of the following would be the best

analogy for describing water movement in
the xylem of a tree trunk?
A. Drinking through a soda straw
B. Turning on a faucet
C. Pushing water with an oar
D. Pumping blood with a heart

27. During oxidative phosphorulation, H2O is

formed Where do the oxygen atoms in the
H2O come from?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Molecular oxygen
C. Glucose
D. Pyruvate

21. When a plant cell is placed in pure water,

it will
A. Become rigid because of turgor
pressure
B. Lose water and become wilted
C. Swell and burst
D. Alter its cell wall so that water cannot
move into or out of the cell

28. If you water a plant in a pot without a hole

in the bottom twice a week, the plant will
A. Thrive because you are taking good
care of it
B. Thrive because it has adequate supply
of water for photosynthesis
C. Die because the roots lack oxygen
for respiration
D. Die because the roots have an
inadequate supply of carbon dioxide

22. An input of energy is required for which

one of the following?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
23. What is the function of cellular respiration?
A. To produce ATP
B. To make NADH
C. To get rid of glucose
D. To get rid of carbon dioxide
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE
of fermentation?
A. It produces a net gain of ATP
B. It is an aerobic process
C. It produces a net gain of NADH
D. It can be performed only by bacteria
25. Which of the following statement sis FALSE
about glycolysis?
A. Glycolysis has steps involving
oxidation-reaction reactions
B. The enzymes of glycolysis are located
in the cytosol of the cell
C. Glycolysis can operate in the complete
absence of O2
D. The end products of glycolysis are
CO2 and H2O
26. Pyruvate is the last product of glycolysis.
Which statement below is TRUE?
A. There is more energy in 6 molecules of
carbon dioxide than in 2molecules of
pyruvate.
B. There is more energy in pyruvate than
in one molecular of glucose

Match the process with the statements on the

following numbers
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
29. The process which makes direct use of
oxygen Electron transport chain
30.The process found in aerobic respiration
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron
transport chain
31. NADH is formed Glycolysis and Krebs
cycle
32.ATP is formed Glycolysis, Krebs cycle,
and Electron transport chain
33. The process that occurs in the cytosol Glycolysis
34. One of the earliest experiments on
photosynthesis was done by Joseph
Priestly. He demonstrated that
A. Sunlight is the energy source
B. Plants purify the air for animals
C. Water is required
D. Chlorophyll captures light energy
35. In a plant cell, the light reactions of
photosynthesis take place in the
A. Cytoplasm
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Thylakoid
D. Stroma
Match the process with the statements on the
following numbers:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Noncyclic electron pathway

C3 Pathway or Calvin cycle
Cyclic electron pathway
Both A and C
Both A and B
None of these

36. Splitting of water occurs Noncyclic

electron pathway
37.When Carbon dioxide is fixed C3
Pathway or Calvin cycle
38. RuBP is utilized C3 Pathway or Calvin
cycle
39. Chlorophyll is used Noncyclic electron
pathway and C3 Pathway or Calvin
cycle
40. NADPH is formed Noncyclic electron
pathway
41. The Calvin cycle involves all of the
following EXCEPT
A. Carbon fixation
B. Reduction of carbon
C. Addition of electrons and protons to
carbon
D. Generation of NADP
E. Formation of waste products in
the form of CO2
Match the item or process in the following
numbers with the correct plant (s) in the key:
A. C3 plant sonly
B. C4 plants only
C. CAM plants only
D. C4 and Cam plants
E. A, B and C
F. None of these
42. Contain RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) C3,
C4, CAM
43. PGAL (G3P is produced) C3, C4, CAM
44. ATP is used for energy C3, C4, CAM
45. Stomata close during the day - CAM
46. A 4-carbon compound is immediately
formed after the fixation of CO2 C4 and
CAM
47. Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma C3,
C4, CAM
Match

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Auxin
Cytokinin
Gibberellin
Ethylene
Abscisic acid
Brassinosterioids

48. The stimulation of rooting in stem

cuttings - Auxin
49. Inhibits growth, closes stomata during
water stress Abscisic acid

50. Stimulates cell division by influencing

synthesis or activation of mitosis Cytokinin
51. A gas that hastens fruit ripening Ethylene
52. Promotes internode elongation Gibberellin
53. Promotes germination of certain seeds Gibberellin
54.Pollen tube growth - Brassinosteroids
Use the key to match the statements on the next
numbers. Key:
A. Phototropism
B. Nastic movement
C. Photoperiodism
D. Heliotropism
E. Nyctinastic movement
F. None of these
55. The movement of the leaves of Venus fly
trap is an example of this Nastic
movement
56. The sunflower follows the movement of
the sun Heliotropism
57.This is called the sleeping movement
Nyctinastic movement
58. Growth of shoots toward the sun
Phototropism
59. Some plants flower only when the day
length is longer than the night length
Photoperiodism
60. Roots always grow downward None of
these
61. Roots have cells with Statoliths None of
these
62. The opening and closing of the Venus fly
trap exhibits this response Nastic
movement
63. The makahiya plant provides a example of
this response Nastic movement
64. Which is NOT a function of secondary
metabolites?
A. Anti-herbivory
B. Attraction
C. Protection
D. All are functions of secondary
metabolites
65. ATP molecules are especially suitable for
transporting energy because they have
A. Ionic bonds formed from wavelike
movements of electrons
B. Very strong triple covalent bonds
C. Bonds that release large amounts
of energy when broken
D. A large store of energy in the sugar,
ribose

66. If the mitochondria were removed from a

plant cell, what process would
immediately stop the cell?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Lipid synthesis
D. Protein synthesis
E. Starch synthesis
67. In order to flower, what does a short day
plant need?
A. A burst of light in the middle of the
night
B. A day that is shorter than a certain
length
C. A day that is longer than a certain
length
D. A night that is longer than a
certain length

75. Water is produced Electron transport

system
76. The exact replication of DNA is made
possible due to
A. The genetic doe
B. Mitosis
C. The base pairing rules
D. The fact that the DNA molecules are
enclosed within a nuclear membrane
77. The number of cytosine bases in a DNA
molecule
A. Equal to the number of uracil bases
B. Is equal to the number of adenine
bases
C. Equal to the number of guanine
bases
D. Cannot be predicted

68. Experiments show that plants bend toward

light because
A. They need sunlight for photosynthesis
B. Cell expansion is greater on the
shaded part
C. The sun stimulates stem growth
D. Auxin is inactive on the dark side

Match the event with the statements on the

following numbers:
A. Transformation
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. Amino acids
E. Nucleotides

69. Plants often use changes in day length to

trigger events such as dormancy and
flowering. It is logical that plants have
evolved this mechanism because
photoperiod changes
A. Are more predictable than air
temperature changes
B. Alter the amount of energy available to
the plant
C. Are modified by soil temperature
changes
D. Are independent of the biological
clock

According to the central dogma of molecular

biology, the sequence of _Nucleotides_ (78) in a
DNA molecule determines the sequence of
_Nucleotides_ (79) in an mRNA molecule, which
in turn dictates the sequence of _Amino Acids_
(80) in a protein. The first process is called
_Transcription_ (81) because it involves the
same language and the second process is
called _Translation_ (82) because it involves two
different languages.

Use the following key to match the appropriate

word or phrase to the correct process. Key:
A. Glycolysis/fermentation
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport system
D. Fermentation only
E. A and B only
F. A, B and C
70. Carbon dioxide is produced Krebs cycle
71. Lactic acid is produced Fermentation
only
72. Restricted to the cytoplasm of the cell
Glycolysis/fermentation
73. ATP is produced
Glycolysis/fermentation, Krebs cycle,
Electron transport system
74. NAD+ is recycled in the absence of
oxygen Fermentation only

83. Transcription is the transfer of the genetic

code from a DNA molecule to a
A. RNA molecule
B. Second DNA molecule
C. Sequence of amino acids in a protein
molecules
D. Ribosomal unit
84. What is translation?
A. Movement of mRNA through the
nuclear membrane
B. Transfer of the genetic code to an
mRNA molecule
C. Transfer of the genetic code to a tRNA
molecule
D. Transfer of the genetic code from
an mRNA to a sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide
85. How many bases code for an amino acid?
A. Two
B. Three

C. Four
D. Eight
86. What is the relationship among DNA, a
gene and a chromosome?
A. A chromosome contains hundreds of
genes which are composed of proteins
B. A chromosome contains hundreds
of genes which are composed of
DNA
C. A gene contains hundreds of
chromosomes which are composed of
proteins
D. A gene is composed of DNA but there
is no relationship to a chromosome
87. DNA has two functions; it can self replicate
and it can make non-DNA molecules. DNA
is capable of this because
A. Its two strands are held together by
easily broken electrostatic interactions
B. Its nucleotides will form based
pairs with both ribose and
deoxyribose nucleotides
C. Both DNA and proteins can be
synthesized directly at the DNA temple
D. Its replication is semi-conservative
88. If a plant has two identical alleles for a
particular trait, then for that trait the plant
is
A. Heterozygous
B. Homozygous
C. Dominant
D. Recessive
89. If a trait is dominant, then
A. It will always be expressed when
present
B. It masks the effect of another trait
C. It may be masked by another gene
D. Both A and B
E. A, B and C
90. In Jimson weed, the allele of spiny pods is
dominant to the allele for smooth pods. If
two plants heterozygous for this trait are
crossed, their offspring would be expected
to produce pods in the ratio
A. 3 spiny pods, 1 smooth pod
B. 3 smooth pods, 1 spiny pod
C. 2 spiny pods, 1 smooth pod
D. 1 spiny pod; 2 intermediate pods, 1
smooth pod
In a species of grain, herbicide resistance (H) is
dominant to small seed size (k). Using this
information, match the crosses in the List A with
the rations in List B.
List A

91. Kk x KK 1:1 genotypic ratio (C)

92.Kk X Kk 1:2:1 genotypic ratio
93. HhKk X HhKh 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio
(F)
List B
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Offsprings al phenotypically dominant

Offsprings all phenotypically recessive
1:1 genotypic ratio
3:1 phenotypic ratio
1:2:1 genotypic ratio
9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

94. A plant has two unlinked genes, one for

the flower color one for the height. Its
genotype is RrTt. Which of the following
genotypes is possible in a gamete from
this organism?
A. RT
B. Rr
C. RrTt
D. T
E. tt
95. In crossing a homozygous recessive with a
heterozygote, what is the chance of
homozygous recessive phenotype in the
F1 generation?
A. Zero
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
The next questions refer to the items listed in the
key below. The key may be used more than once.
Key:
A. Incomplete dominance
B. Multiple alleles
C. Pleiotropy
D. Polygenic inheritance
E. None of these
96. The ability of a single gene to have
multiple phenotype effects - Pleiotropy
97. One example is the color of fruits in corn Polygenic inheritance

98. The phenotype of the heterozygote differs

from the phenotypes of both homozygotes
Incomplete dominance
99. A mutation in the gene results in the
absence of chlorophyll in the plant and
affects many part of the plant. Pleiotropy
100.
Many genes influence the
phenotype - Polygenic inheritance

Answer briefly:
1. Which of the following drawings shows the
cycling of carbon dioxide and oxygen
nature? Write the letter and explain your
answer. A