Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Time
and Space in the
Modern
title: Warehouse : With
Ready-to-use
Forms, Checklist
& Documentation
author:
publisher:
isbn10 | asin:
print isbn13:
ebook
:
isbn13
language:
Bolten, Ernst F.
AMACOM Books
0814479561
9780814479568
9780585040011
English
Warehouses-subject
Management.
publication
: 1997
date
TS189.6.B65
lcc:
1997eb
ddc: 658.7/85
Warehouses--
subject: Management.
Page iii
Page iv
authoritative information in
regard to the subject matter
covered. It is sold with the
understanding that the
publisher is not engaged in
rendering legal, accounting, or
other professional service. If
legal advice or other expert
assistance is require, the
services of a competent
professional person should be
sought.
Library of Congress
Cataloging-in-Publication
Data
Bolten, Ernst F.
Managing time and space in
the modern warehouse: with
ready-to-use forms, checklist &
documentation / Ernst E
Bolten.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical
references and index.
ISBN 0-8144-7956-1
1. WarehousesManagement. I.
Title.
TS189.6.B65 1997
658.7'85dc21
97-3843
CIP
1997 Ernst F. Bolten.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of
America.
This publication may not be
reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted
in whole or in part, in any form
Contents
List of Exhibits
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Inventory Is Everywhere
Stockrooms
Consumer-Direct Distribution
Transportation Costs
Warehousing Costs
Order Picking
Packaging
Loading and Shipping
Inventory Control
7. The Compliance Manual
Daily Activity Report
Receipts: Inbound
Discrepancies
Routing Instructions
Performance-Oriented Packagi
Package Testing
List of Exhibits
Page xi
Preface
Are you using warehouses
now? What kind? How much
does it cost? What functions do
the warehouses perform? Are
you using private, public, or
contract warehousing? Maybe
you shouldn't be using a
warehouse at all. Perhaps it's
Page xii
Page xiii
Acknowledgments
I wish to express my sincere
appreciation and extend my
deepest thanks to friends and
colleagues who gave me
valuable assistance in my
research and preparation of this
text: A. J. Langer of Langer
Transport and Warehousing
their companies.
Special thanks go to Michael
Jenkins, president of the
American Warehouse
Association, for permission to
reproduce the documents
without which warehousing
could not function and without
which this text would not be
complete: the Contract
Warehouse and Lease
Agreements, as well as the
Standard Terms and Conditions
Activity-Based Costing
ABC
ADC
Automated Data Collec
AGVS Automated Guided Veh
AIS
Automatic Identificatio
ASN
Advanced Shipping No
AS/RS Automated Storage and
AUTO.IDAutomated Identificatio
B/L
Bill of Lading
C/A
Certificate of Analysis
C/A
CFR
COPL
CRP
DAR
DOT
DRP
DSD
ECI
ECR
EDI
FIFO
FTZ
HFS
Certificate of Analysis
Code of Federal Regula
Customer Order Pick L
Continuous Replenishm
Daily Activity Report
Department of Transpo
Distribution Requireme
Direct Store Delivery
Efficient Channel Integ
Efficient Consumer Res
Electronic Data Interch
First-In, First-Out Inve
Free Trade Zone
Hands-Free Scanners
ICCTA
ILM
ISO
ISTA
JIT
LIFO
Interstate Commerce C
Act of 1995
Integrated Logistics Ma
International Standards
International Safe Tran
Just In Time
Last-In, First-Out Inven
ROI
SKU
Return on Investment
Stock Keeping Unit
Trucking Industry Regula
TIRRA
1994
TMU Time Measurement Unit
TQM Total Quality Managemen
UCC Uniform Commercial Co
UPC Uniform Product Code
WINS Warehouse Information N
WMS Warehouse Management
Page 1
1
Inventories: Their Importance
to Business Today
The purpose of business is to
produce goods and provide
services. Every business uses a
variety of hard
resourcescommonly defined as
land, labor, and
costs money.
To mobilize this tied-up money,
business strives to carry as little
inventory as necessary to serve
customers effectively, keep
inventory as close as possible to
where it is needed, and move
inventory as fast as possible.
Achieving these objectives is
the mission of managers
applying such concepts as
quick response (QR), efficient
Page 2
assess the
inventory cost
item of
shrinkage, loss
and damage,
mysterious
disappearance,
theft,
pilferage, and
obsolescence.
An integrated warehouse
management system (WMS)
will help businesses achieve
optimal use of space, time-
Inventory Is Everywhere
Page 4
warehouses.
Supplies aid and assist in
production. They are used
inand/or used upduring
production processes, after
which some supplies are
recovered or recycled; others
are discarded. Like raw
materials, most supplies are
kept very near the point of
usefor example, in company
stockrooms.
Page 5
inventories,
and one of
the targets of
consumerdirect
distribution.
WHAT TYPES OF INVENTORIES
DOES YOUR COMPANY KEEP ?
Consumer-Direct Distribution
In the mid-1980s, a paradigm
shift* took place: The
application of knowledgethat is,
increasingly better
informationto marketing and
distribution techniques changed
the logistics of inventory
fundamentally.
* A "paradigm shift" can be
defined as a fundamental
change in the way things are
done.
Page 6
locations
Reduced overall inventory
levels and associated cost
Better customer service
through self-service stores
Increased revenue to the
supplier and lower cost to the
consumer
Page 7
Transportation Costs
The impact that customer-direct
distribution has had on
transportation costs is not clearcut. On the one hand, more
frequent and smaller shipments
to more customer-direct
destinations increases the
transportation cost on a perunit-shipped basis. On the other
Page 8
2
Warehouses, Leasing, and
Storage Costs
As discussed in Chapter 1,
every member of the supply
chain seeks to minimize its
inventory by bringing the
producer closer to the
consumer. While this is readily
cleanliness specifications.
Bonded warehouses are for
handling valuable and taxable
goods.
Customs warehouses, often
located in foreign trade zones,
(FTZs) are for dutiable goods.
Temperature-controlled
warehouses handle perishable
and temperature-sensitive
goods.
Hazardous-materials
warehouses are for storing
regulated products or
commodities.
Liquid and dry-bulk storage
terminals and transfer facilities
include tanks, silos, and
elevators, as well as rail tank or
hopper car-to-tank or hopper
truck transfer; intermodal
container
Page 9
results.
2. Availability and cost of
capital. This raises the question:
Should we invest limited capital
resources in warehousing
(nonpro
Page 10
ductive) or in manufacturing
(productive) facilities? Most
companies prioritize capital
investment requests based on
return on asset (ROA), return
on investment (ROI), and/or
return on capital (ROC).
Warehouses must, but rarely
do, meet these stringent capital
investment criteria and thus end
up last on the priority list.
out by materials-handling
specialists.
6. Flexibility. Private on-site, as
well as off-site, warehouses
offer little, if any, inventory
location flexibility.
7. Risks and liability. It is
important to understand that in
a private warehouse, all risks
for damage and loss to facilities
and inventory, as well as
personal harm and injury, are
Page 11
Public Warehousing
Public warehousing offers
users* these following five
advantages:
1. Maximum inventory location
flexibility. Depositors are not
tied to a private facility in a
fixed location for long periods
of time; they can move in and
out as needs indicate.
Page 12
Leased Warehousing
Leasing all or part of
warehouse structures and
facilities affords users* the
benefits of private warehousing
while using someone else's (the
lessor's) property. This
alternative is chosen especially
to accommodate fairly stable
inventory levels. However,
or operator
Mortgage interest when the
facility is financed by the
operator
Rent or sublease when the
owner rents or leases the
facility
Roads, truck or trailer drop,
holding and parking areas
Docks for rail and truck
traffic
Page 13
Before you
commit to
any lease,
investigate
the status of
zoning,
permits,
facility
access and
egress, and,
where it
appears to
pose
potential
problems,
pertinent
variances.
You may
even go as
far as
requesting
disclosure of
any pending
legal action
against your
prospective
lessor. These
precautions
may save
you big legal
bucks later
on!
Types of Leases
Leases must be carefully
negotiated and structured to
reflect who is responsible for
what, and to what extent.
Generally, "gross" and "net"
lease indicates which of the
expense categories are the
responsibility of landlord or
tenant; the terms "flat rental'' or
Page 14
schedule as
shown in
Exhibit 2-1.
Warehousing Costs
The differences among private,
public, and contract
warehousing become readily
apparent when comparing the
depositor's warehousing cost
structurethat is, the type of
expenses that may be incurred
and assumed by each party, as
Public War
Private
(Company)
Warehouse
Capital Cost
Building cost
"Pure" Publ
Capital Cost
Building cost
(depreciation)
(Not applicabl
Facilities and
equipment
Materials-handling
equipment
(Un)loading
docks/rail sidings
Expenses
Expenses
Per-unit cost i
Safety equipment associated wit
custody, and c
Insurance, taxes,
permits
Maintenance/repair
Utilities
Site security
Salaries/wages
Employee benefits
Rates/Fees
Rates/Fees
Not applicable
Time-based:
Storage charge
Transaction-b
Handling chan
Risks
All risks are
assumed by the
company.
Handling chan
special handlin
documentation
services, repo
other costs/fee
Risks
Risks are defin
assumed in ac
the standard te
conditions of
as needed) wo
agreement.
Page 17
3
Logistics Services and
Outsourcing Potentials
"If you always do what you
always did, you will always get
what you always got."
Mark Twain
Providers
In an attempt to reduce costs,
users of logistics services are
radically changing the way they
manage their supply chain.
They have long known, for
instance, that capital tied up in
private warehousing could be
more profitably applied to
manufacturing and production.
Moreover, after downsizing,
many companies now recognize
that they no longer possess the
Page 18
party logistics
is a new
industry. To
date, there have
been as many
successes as
there have been
failures. Poor
definition of
objectives and
need, hasty
selection of
partners, and
insufficient
internal and
external
communications
have been the
overriding
causes of
failure.
Stage B
1980s-early 1
Traditional
Warehousing
Services
Expande
Warehousi
Services
Bonding
Bonding
Bonding
Bonding
Receiving
Receiving
Storage
Cross-dockin
Storage
Order assemb
(Re) packaging
(Re)packagin
Stretch- shrin
wrapping
Palletizing/unitizingPalletizing/un
Label/mark/stencil Label/mark/st
Shipping
Shipping
Documentation
Documentatio
Outbound
transportation
Page 20
HAVE YOUR WAREHOUSING
NEEDS CHANGEDHOW? ARE YOU
CURRENTLY OUTSOURCING?
Outsourcing Options
A number of corporate
activities have long been
outsourced to third parties:
accounting to CPAs; annual
financial reporting to public
auditing firms; labor
this be critical?
9. Will things be better?
10. How will quality be
affected?
Outsourcing is a process of
reengineering. Authors Michael
Hammer and James Champy in
their book Reengineering the
Corpora
Page 21
Page 22
Products
What is their value?
What are their handling,
storage, and transportation
characteristicsshelf life, hazard?
Are your products seasonal?
Do they need special
packaging?
Do they need temperature
protection?
What is your loss and
damage experience?
What is your obsolescence
factor?
How much space do you
need?
Which warehouse services
do you need?
Customers
value-added service
requirements?
What are your modes and
methods of outbound
transportation?
Are they effective and costefficient?
What are your freight terms?
How many customers have
you lost as a result of shipping
errors?
Page 23
response time?
What have you done to
shorten your response time?
What determines your need
for raw materials inventory?
Are your sources of supply
reliable?
How responsive are your
vendors?
Do you have or can you
develop alternative sources?
times realistic?
How are inventory
availability and required
inventory levels determined?
Does each location provide
enough or too much space?
What is the performance of
each?
Could you reduce the
number of warehouse locations
and
Page 24
be communicated to all
involved well ahead of the
target starting date. Prepare for
a rough time during the
transition!
Intrasystem
From plant to
____________
warehouse
Between
____________
warehouses
Transportation Modes
Railroad
____________
Highway:
____________
Truckload (TL) ____________
Less-than
____________
truckload (LTL)
Container
____________
Parcel; express
____________
shipments
Page 26
4
Selecting a Third-Party
Service Provider
"After all the concepts have been
developed, the meetings are over
and an action plan has been
developed, everything boils down
to hard, dirty work!"
Peter Drucker, at a New York
University seminar
been produced by
Transportation and
Distribution magazine. This
T&D Contract Logistics Data
Base will be updated annually.
See the References for Chapter
4 for information on ordering.
Important!
Keep in mind
that your
customers will
come into
contact with
your third-party
provider more
frequently than
with your own
representatives!
Page 27
quality awards
_ Client references (network
with your colleagues; don't
just take the prospects' word)
_ Service capabilities
_ Labor union status
2. Visit and inspect each others'
facilities.
_ Assign/accept only
qualified personnel to
conduct inspections!
improvement process
_ Communications methods
and procedures
_ Data links and interfaces
5. Assign an authorized liaison
parson.
_ Assign only qualified
personnel knowledgeable in
all aspects of the services to
be outsourced. This person
becomes the link between
legal experts.
8. Select partner and negotiate
the contract.
_ Breakbulk
_ Segregation/sorting
_ Bonding
_ Storage
_ In-transit mixing/assembly
_ Repackaging
_ Kitting/subassembly
_ Picking, packing
_ Shrink- stretch-wrapping
_ Outbound transportation
_ Distribution
_ Freight bill payment
_ Loss prevention
_ Claims handling
_ Inventory control
Page 29
Have you
chosen your
new provider?
What is your
implementation
schedule?
capabilities
Page 31
(Exhibit continued from previous
page)
Premises
Security: controlled access,
guard service, fences,
surveillance, closed-circuit TV,
alarm systems
Floor load capacity
(restrictions)
Ceiling height (restrictions)
Dock facilities and
equipment
Weather protection
Lighting; sprinklers
Temperature control
Personnel
Management/supervision
Labor: numbers of
personnel/union status
Compensation:
salaried/hourly
Incentives/workforce
stability/personnel turnover
Training
Space
In square feet/cubic feet for:
Office; workers and drivers
lounge
Cross-docking
Dock/unloading/receiving
Storage/aisles
Handling/packing area
Buffer/staging area
Loading/shipping area
Empty pallet storage; trash
disposal area
Temperature/humidity
control: ambient/heated/air
conditioning/cooling/freezer
Product segregation:
Commodities, food-grade,
chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Hazardous materials areas
BROOK
Company:
__________________________
Address: ___________________
__________________________
__________________________
Phone: ____________________
Facsimile: __________________
Prepared by: ________________
Title: _____________________
Date: _____________________
__________________________
C. Type of package for each prod
__________________________
D. Pallet size(s): Length _______
E. Average cases per pellet (if app
__________________________
F. Average weight per case (if app
__________________________
G. Total SKUs in inventory:
__________________________
H. Estimated storage configuratio
I. Bulk/floor stacking limits: ____
J. Temperature control requireme
Ambient ________% Protect fro
UPS
___________________%
B. Shipped on:
Oth
(des
Mon
___________________
____
E. Order selection:
Full cases/bags/drums/etc. _____
Full-pallet quantities _________
Less-than-case quantities (pick-n
4. CUSTOMER SERVICE/ADMI
A. Order transmission: Fax ____
________
B. Do you reconcile your invento
5. TRANSPORTATION
If available, please enclose any ac
information for both in-bound an
A. Who routes and pays for inbo
B. Who mutes and pays for outbo
C. Customer pickup/will call ___
What carriers are you presently u
Short haul
Long
__________________________
Pier work (if any)
Trail
________________
load_
Brook W
Regulatory Requ
The following information is nee
storing customers' products that o
govemments. All information sho
material to their facility.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MS
An MSDS for each product antic
Brook prior to acceptance of mat
The Environmental Affairs Mana
OSHA
USDOT
N.J. Right-to-Know Canadian W
We need the name of a contact w
missing on the products coming i
All products must have a caution
If regulated by USDOT, then they
Products said within or used with
Know label.
Any Canadian shipments of haza
Brook Ware
Regulatory Requirem
SARA Title III Reporting
SARA Title III information conc
stored at Brook. Daily averages a
calendar year for each of the prod
Hazardous Waste Requirements
Brook does not handle hazardous
the disposition of any hazardous
products regardless of how it is g
Emergency Response Information
CUSTOMER LOGIST
PRODUCT INVE
Product
Name
DOT
Hazard
Class
Freight Pa
Class
BROOK W
Account name ______________
Contact name/title ___________
Address ___________________
__________________________
Phone ____________________
PRODUCT DATA
Description: (name, commodity,
applicable)
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Hazardous? Yes ______No ____
Package: Type ______________
Weight ____ Palletized? Yes ____
Pallet size: L ________ W _____
VOLUME (in tonnage)
Flow through: ________ Storage
INCOMING FREIGHT
Size of shipment: ____________
Mode of transportation:
__________________________
Suppliers locations:
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Handling equipment:
__________________________
Damage handling instructions:
__________________________
Reject to carrier? ________ Yes _
STORAGE REQUIREMENT
Bulk stacking? Yes ______ No__
Rack needed? Yes ________ No
Fragile? Yes ________ No _____
Temperature: Summer ________
Special storage requirements?
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Reproduced with permission of B
Bridgewater, N.J. 08807.
Labels:
Y
UPS manifest:
Y
Invoice to consignee:
Y
QUOTATION DETAILS
How should the rates be quoted?
sq. ft. ____ other
Decision date: ______________
Start-up date: _______________
Decision maker: _____________
How did you find Brook?
__________________________
Page 41
5
Warehouse Operations:
Delivery and Storage
''The truck's at the gate, so what
do we do next?"
Exasperated warehouse manager
Page 42
customers! Service-oriented
warehouse operators are well
aware that they are the
immediate, direct contact with
their depositors' customers;
they represent their depositors
and are the final link in the
supply chain. A good
warehouse operator performs
as if its depositors' customers
are its own!
The Cycle of Activities
warehouse
with a
compliance
manual?
Page 43
appropriate order-picking
methods and equipment
Adequate product
maintenance and protection
Packing of orders, shrinkand stretch-wrapping, banding,
marking, and labeling, loading
with proper equipment,
supplying and installing
blocking and bracing as
necessary
Documentation and reports
Page 44
this establishes
an audit trail
that will
minimize later
disputes.
Page 45
Page 46
to intermediate or delivering
carriers that, in turn, make the
final delivery.
Warehouse Responsibilities
Truck Deliveries
When the depositor uses a
common or contract carrier, the
truck driver or his dispatcher
makes the delivery
cases where
a small
railroad
makes the
delivery,
even its
president
could double
as
locomotive
engineer and
agent!)
Page 47
Tip: It will
be
impossible to
manage the
docks unless
all inbound
receipts are
scheduled.
Failure to do
so will
inevitably
lead to
unused docks
while other
trucks are
waiting to be
unloaded.
Insist that
truck drivers
or their
dispatchers
call ahead to
make
delivery
appointments;
they'll get the
point if you
let them wait.
Page 48
Page 49
worse.)
Warning! If a
trailer drops
on its nose
because the
stanchions
(landing
gear) have
not been
lowered, or
a forklift
falls off the
trailer or
dock, there
can be
severe
injury, even
death. These
are the result
of serious
safety
violations.
warehouse. Receiving
personnel walk and drive
manual and powered lift trucks
across dock plates or levelers
thousands of times a year. For
example, unloading and
reloading one 53-foot trailer
holding 25 pallets requires 50
entries and 50 exits, or a total of
100 dock crossings. Handling
just two such trailers a day
means 50,000 dock crossings a
year. So these levelers must be
Page 50
Tip: When
seals have
been broken in
transit by U.S.
customs
agents,
representatives
of other
government
agencies, or
police
inspectors,
new seals will
have been
applied and
appropriate
notation with
new seal
numbers will
have been
made on the
shipping
papers by
those
authorized
officials.
Department of Transportation
has been published in the code
of federal regulations CFR 49,
included in Appendix B.
Page 51
safety, use
bright
spotlights
mounted at
the dock
door on the
lift truck.
Working in
poorly
lighted or
dark trailers
invites
damage to
goods, or the
forklift may
be driven
through the
walls of the
trailer.
There's
always the
danger of
protruding
nails,
splintered
lumber, and
broken
dunnage, as
well as
shifted items
and 5-2).
2. Check the condition of the
shipment. Any discrepancies in
nomenclature, description,
weight, count or volume,
overages,
(text continues on page 54)
Page 52
Page 53
Page 54
shortages, or significant
product codes or numbers must
be established at the time of
receipt. Detailed information
must be noted immediately on
the shipping document in the
form of an exception notation.
3. Inspect for visible damage.
Unloading personnel must
make an exception notation on
the receiving report (or bill of
of the goods.
5. Notify the depositor
immediately of discrepancies.
In case of damage to hazardous
materials, it is mandatory that
all personnel comply with
OSHA, EPA, DOT, and other
regulations and procedures
pertaining to documentation,
labeling, temporary storage,
transport, and disposal.
6. Prepare the receiving report.
acknowledged, it is time to
release the truck carrier. The
warehouse advises
OVER-SHORT-DAM
CONSIGNEE:
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
ARRIVAL INFORMATION
SHIPPERCARRIERFWAYBILL#
__________________________
COMMENTS: ______________
__________________________
BROOK WAREHOUSING SYST
BY _______________________
M.I.S. Department
Reprinted with permission of Bro
P.O. Box 6068, Bridgewater,N.J. 0
Receiving Ch
Action Status
Received
Verified a
Verified a
Seal numbers
Verified a
notice
Verified a
Were app
goods
Verified a
Seals
Intact
C.O.D. cheek
Given to
driver
MSDS
Accompa
Delivery receipt
Vehicle number
Labsis/placards
C. of A.
Shipping
Samples
Received
Vehicle opened
Photogra
Condition of load
Acceptab
Unloading
Driver as
Cought/weight
OS&D
Agrees w
receipt
Noted on
Describe
Inspection
Requeste
L&D claim
Initiated
Returns
Approve
Delivery receipt signed
by:
Page 57
we have
more time."
Page 58
6
Other Warehouse Operations
As mentioned in Chapter 5,
warehouse services entail more
than receipt and storage of
goods. Particularly at a time
when companies are looking to
outsource some operations,
warehouses can be cost-
p. 47.
Page 59
Page 60
What do we do with
leftovers from inbound breakbulk loads?
What type of information do
we need from shippers
(depositors) and/or customers;
what format will it take, hard
copy, EDI?
Can we handle the
information transmission and
flow? Do we have the
necessary data generating and
processing equipment?
Can we develop a computer
modelsimulate the projected
operation?
Page 61
Order Picking
Order picking, order filling, or
simply picking can be described
as the sequence of locating,
extracting, and bringing
forward customer orders for
shipment. Selecting the most
efficient order-picking
procedure depends on the
following:
Type of product
Turnover rate
Method of storage loose in
bins or on shelves, packaged in
cases or boxes, in full loads,
break-bulk quantities, or
unitized on pallets
Method of
pickingavailability and use of
automated storage and retrieval
systems
Page 62
7. Transmit electronically or
manually the pick list to the
ware-house supervisor or
shipping to office. Depending
on the sophistication of the
warehouse warehouse
management system, the pick
list is
Page 63
Page 64
accompanied by a work
standardpick rates measured in
the time measurement units
(TMU) for each work
component that, together with
equipment-utilization factors,
are used to calculate picking
and other order-fulfillment
costs.
Warehouse Supervisor Duties
Page 65
carrier
arrivals, are
the most
common
sources of
misshipments.
Make sure
that orders to
be loaded on
the same
truck are kept
separate and
are not mixed
with other
orders staged
in the same
area.
book.
Page 66
Packaging
Cartons, boxes, crates, drums,
and pails are subject to multiple
handling in the warehouse and
during transportation. (More on
this in Chapter 11.) For
example:
From the truck to the
staging area
be handled in automated
(robotic) packaging systems,
can be handled repeatedly, and
can withstand the rigors of
transportation (abrupt
movement, acceleration and
deceleration of vehicle, friction,
grinding, chafing, rocking,
swaying, shocks, and
vibration). They also need to be
protected from loss and damage
or influences of the
environment (extreme heat and
Department of Transportation,
CFR 49, parts 173-178. Under
the definitions of the CFR,
warehouses are considered
shippers of hazardous
materials, and thus must
comply with all handling,
packaging, labeling, marking,
placarding, certification, and
other regulations. All
warehouse personnel must be
thoroughly familiar and comply
with these regulations, as well
Page 67
following:
1. The name and address of the
receiver (consignee)
2. The name and address of the
shipper (consignor)
3. Any hazardous-materials
warnings
4. The product identification,
description, and codes
5. Any protective service
symbols, such as high or low
temperature limits
6. Any special handling
symbols, such as forbidden
handling methods and
equipment (see Exhibit 6-3)
Pictorial precautionary
markings, as shown in Exhibit
6-4, can be adhered as labels,
exhibited within a border and
with an opposing color or
background color.
* Responsible Care is an
RULE
ITEM 580
MARKING OR TAG
Sec. 1. Freight must be stenciled
the following, except as provided
otherwise provided in this Classif
Federal Regulations (CFR), Title
hazardous material. If these requi
with, freight will not be accepted
Sec. 2. Except as otherwise provi
marked.
Consignee markings may be type
lettered. When typed or printed, l
height than capital letters of nine
lettered, characters and figures m
in height. Where space does not p
may be proportionately smaller in
Boxes printed with advertising or
clear area of not less than 10 squa
Area mull be defined and capable
which must be located therein. Sh
shown within border defining cle
on box, an indirect label property
square inches of such color to co
signed.
Sec. 5. Old consignment marks m
Sec. 6. When Height is billed to a
other freight, the destination of th
consolidating point must be show
beyond the consolidating point m
two destinations are shown on th
form and wording:
FROM
(Name of S
(Point of O
TO
(Name of consignee at
(Name of consignee at
(Street ad
(Destina
FOR
(Street ad
(Destination beyond c
Reproduced with permission of t
Traffic Association, Inc., Agent, 2
Va. 22314.
RULE
ITEM 580Concluded
Sec. 7. Unless specifically provid
Classification address must be loc
below; location(s) shown indicate
the case may be. Where more tha
placement is optional.
Page 70
Page 71
RULES
ITEM 682-AContinued
Sec. 2. UP ARROWS:
(a)
Sec. 12.
Sec. 4. KEEP DRY:
Page 72
Page 73
RULES
ITEM 682-AContinued
Sec. 8. FORK LIFT:
Accordingly:
Page 74
LIMITS:
Page 75
Page 76
Page 77
Shipping Ch
Directions
Act
Delivery stree
Yes _ No _
Given to the d
Routing
Carrier loaded
Address
Shipment/load
Labels/tags
Counted and v
Short-shipped
__
Applied to pac
Packing list
Attached to pa
HazMat labels
Applied to pac
Placards
Given to drive
MSDS
Given to drive
C. of A.
Given to drive
Samples
Given to drive
Dunnage
Applied
Blocking/bracing Applied
Seals
Applied and n
Exceptions
Special
instructions
Bill of lading
Driver on time
Noted on B/L
Noted on B/L,
Signed by driv
Yes _ How ma
Date
__________________________
__________________________
Page 79
Page 80
manufacturerthe toileraccepts
the product of another company
for further processing and
returns the processed product
to the original manufacturer. In
such cases, the original
manufacturer retains title.
____
( + ) Plus:
(inbound
shipments)
including
Stock
__
replenishments
Retums from
__
customers
Purchased items __
Stock transfers
from
other locations __
Customer
(-) Less:
shipments
__
(outbound)
Returns to
__
depositor
Stock transfers to
customer
__
accounts
Stock transfers to
other
depositor
locations
__
( +/-)
Loss and damage __
Adjustments:
Adjustments:
Mysterious
disappearance __
Known theft and
__
pilferage
Errors, overages,
__
and shortages
Reconciliation
__
write-offs
(=) Ending
inventory
__
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-035 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-036 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-037 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-038 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-039 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-040 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-041 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-048 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-049 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-050 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-051 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-052 1
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-053 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-054 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-055 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-056 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
43307 109959 BS1155-057 1.0
Description: NTA,@A0,000,DI,35
Reprinted with permission of Bro
6068, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807.
Page 83
and/or
accepting
agreements
or contracts,
depositors
must
carefully
review their
potential
exposure to
loss and
damage,
responsibility
limitations of
the parties,
insurance
requirements,
and resulting
warehousing
rates and
charges.
WHAT ARE YOUR INVENTORY
PRACTICES AND ROUTINES?
Page 84
7
The Compliance Manual
The compliance manual is a
document prepared by the
depositor. It contains detailed
instructions to the warehouse
operator for the execution of all
depositor-related activities. The
warehouse's own procedures,
Page 85
Emergency responses
Other significant events
Name and signature of
preparer
Time and date of
preparation
Receipts: Inbound
The warehouse receipt is the
document that transfers
possession (not title!) of the
Doc
Product Sellers
Code
Date Re
DescriptionNumber
Page 87
Condition of shipment
Carrier Deliveries and
Inspection of Goods
Carriers must be instructed to
make delivery appointments. A
shipping order with detailed
information on the goods
should accompany each
shipment from the depositor; a
bill of lading accompanies each
shipment from other origins
(such as vendors) for the
depositor.
Damage, broken seals, and
other discrepancies between the
shipping order and the load,
discovered when the goods are
received, must be noted. The
warehouse then informs the
depositor immediately of the
situation.
Returns From Customers
All returns from customers to
the warehouse must have prior
Page 88
Discrepancies
Documentation supporting
discrepancies in volume or
quantity, number of pieces,
condition of shipment, or
damage to goods must be
submitted to the depositor for
claim preparation.
The documentation must
include:
Signed bill of lading
(carrier's delivery receipt) with
exception notation by
warehouse receiving personnel
Receiving report with
description of damage or loss
Packing list
Photographs
When the shipper requests a
carrier inspection at the
warehouse, the inspection
report must be submitted to the
shipper. Transportation loss and
Page 89
duplicate the
shipment."
Shipping Orders
All significant information on
the shipping order must be
reviewed and verified. Any
changes made by the
warehousesubstitutions of lot
numbers, short shipmentsmust
be noted in the following detail:
Customer order or purchase
order number
Page 90
warehousing company.
In each case, the depositor
issues the appropriate shipping
instructions and provides the
necessary documents.
Labeling and Marking
The warehouse must label and
mark goods and articles for
shipment in strict adherence to
the depositor's instructions. The
depositor willor, when agreed,
will notsupply the necessary
labels.
Page 91
Shipping Documents
The preparation and issuance of
shipping documents depends
on the type and extent of
services for which the depositor
and the warehouse have
contracted. Services may
include the preparation,
distribution, filing, and control
of domestic as well as export
carriers that
are
participants
in the NMFC
and
shippersmay
use the
Standard B/L
forms, terms,
and
conditions
published in
NMFC 100V. Shippers
must confirm
carriers'
participation
in this tariff!
regulatory requirements
imposed by federal, state, and
local governments.
Also, the bill of lading is a
contract of carriage between
shipper and carrier. It is a
contract separate from any
other contract. If you use the
B/L form, or if it is referenced
in a transportation contract or
agreement, such contract must
clearly state whether its terms
and
Page 92
Page 93
Page 94
Page 95
address]."
Distribution of Bill of Lading
Forms
Document retention is
determined by the depositor's
legal accounting department. To
establish a reliable audit trail,
depositors and warehouses
agree on a bill of lading
distribution. For example, the
original is retained by the
warehouse and periodically
submit
Page 96
codes
Certificate of Analysis
A certificate of analysis (C/A)
will accompany shipments of
bulk itemsfor instance,
chemicals and chemical
compounds, agricultural goods,
food, and a number of bulk
products sold based on a
named specification. The C/A
must be securely attached to the
shipping papers.
Page 97
developed a nonmandatory
format, OSHA Form 174,
which may be ordered from
your OSHA regional office
listed in your local phone
directory or from the OSHA
Office of Information and
Consumer Affairs at (202) 2198151.
IMPORTANT: Readers must
substantial fines.
Manifests and Other Shipping
Documents
These must accompany the bill
of lading, and copies must be
retained and, where required
and as agreed, periodically
submitted to the depositor.
Export Shipments
Export shipments must be
handled in strict accordance
Informa
Manufacturer/Importer/Shipper (
Part 1. Product Identification and
Product Number/Code
Product (Trade) Name
Description
Chemical Name (if Single Substa
Common or Chemical Name of C
Formula
Chemical Family
Product Appearance
Emergency Telephone Numbers:
CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
Manufacturer/importer/Shipper
Part 2. Hazardous Components o
Components/Ingredients (%)
CAS No.
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (T
Part 3. Health Information
First Aid and Nature of Hazard
Carcinogen (NTP, IARC, or OSH
Effects of Overexposure
Mitigating Procedures in Case of
Eye contact
Eye contact
Inhalation
Skin Contact
Ingestion
Occupational Exposure Limit
Toxicological Test Data
Personal Protection
Respiratory protection
Eye protection
Protective clothing and gear
Ventilation
(Exhibit continued on next page)
Flash Point
Flammability Limits in Air
Autoignition Temperature
Extinguishing Medium
Firefighting Procedures
Hazardous Fire and Explosion Ha
Hazardous Combustion Products
Part 6. Reactivity Data
Stability
Conditions to Avoid Instability
Chemical Incompatibility
Hazardous Polymerization
Hazardous Decomposition Produ
Corrosivity to Metal
Corrosivity to Metal
Part 7. Environmental and Spill C
Reportable Quantity (RQ)
Environmental Toxicity
Hazardous Waste (40 CFR 261) Y
Hazardous Waste Number
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Land Spill/Leak Control and Miti
Water Spill/Leak Control and Mit
Waste Disposal Method for Produ
Container/Packaging Material Dis
(continued)
Poison Constituent
DOT/UN Labels/Placards Require
Bill of Lading (Shipping Paper) D
DOT/UN Containers/Packaging S
DOT/UN Transportation Equipm
Hazardous Substance (49 CFR CE
Reportable Quantity (RQ)
Part 10. Label With Product Infor
SAMPLE O
which must be af
DESCRIPT
EMERGENCY RESP
WASTE AND C
TECHN
Prepared by ________________
__________________________
Date prepared _______________
(Date) _____________________
Page 101
Page 102
Page 103
Tip: When
the
warehouse
routes the
shipment, it
must ensure
that the
interline and
delivering
carriers
protect any
rate
discounts the
depositor
may have
negotiated
with the
originating
carrier.
primary carrier
Names of alternate carriers
Contact information: carrier
EDI code, phone and fax
numbers, dispatcher name
Territories, states, or regions
served by the primary and
alternate carriers
Volume (number of
shipments) assigned for a
period
suitability. Equipment
exhibiting signs of damage,
leaks, protruding nails and
splinters, waste, dirt,
contamination, or odors must
be rejected, and the rejection
must be noted on the daily
activity report.
Tip:
Reeferi.e.,
temperaturecontrolled
trailers, rail-
cars, or
containers
are often
used for food
and meat
shipments.
Warehouse
personnel
must ensure
that such
equipment
has been
steamcleaned to
avoid
contamina
Page 104
tion and
remove
odors. A
notice that
the trailer
must be
steamed is
usually
affixed to the
inside of the
trailer or car.
detention to an absolute
minimum. Any receiving and
shipping delays resulting from
improper practices will not be
paid for by the depositor.
Spills, Leaks, Breakage
In the event of an involuntary
release of hazardous or
nonhazardous materials, the
warehouse must contact and
notify the depositor
immediately, before attempting
Page 105
(continues)
Page 106
Page 107
Page 108
Prepares inventory,
including all activity records,
for reconciliation.
Provides counting and tally
sheets, electronic scanning
equipment, tags, labels,
markers, and other necessary
supplies.
Page 109
Encourages a spirit of
cooperation during this
disruptive, once-a-year event.
A carefully planned physical
inventory can be fun for the
participants; they get away from
their daily work routine, meet
people they normally talk to
only on the phone and, when
the work is done, often cap the
event with an inventory party.
Page 110
8
Performance Standards and
Audits
"Quality is conformance to
requirements."
Philip B. Crosby in Quality is
Free
Page 111
Page 112
Cross-docking,
consolidation: Orders
completed on time versus
delays and extra handling
Inventory accuracy: Book
inventory versus overages and
shortages; out-of-stock; back
orders
Total throughput: Stock
keeping units (SKUs), pallets,
cases, pounds handled
Transportation: Number of
Page 113
mental conditions;
manufacturing personnel to
check packaging, product
integrity, age, condition, and
obsolescence; transportation
personnel to check transit
damage; and warehousing
personnel to check procedures.
Exhibit 8-1 illustrates an audit
form and rating system. The
rating points shown in Exhibit
audit.
Items to Be
Rating
R
Covered
Maximum
SUMMARY
Conditions of
50
____
buildings/grounds
Facility safety and
150
____
security
Sanitation and
100
____
housekeeping
Customer service 175
____
Warehouse
personnel
Handling of goods
Loss and damage
Inventory
Annual physical
inventory
Documentation
accuracy
50
____
100
75
100
____
____
____
100
____
100
____
1,000
Total(max.) ____
Performance
Minor deficiencies
Complaints, failing p
Condition of Buildings/Grounds
Warehouse signs in
____
place and clean
Outside
appearance of
____
structures
Parking area,
____
driveways
Railroad rails
____
Fences
____
____
____
____
____
____
Total 50____
(max.)
Facility Safety and Security
Hydrant pressure
O.K.
Sprinkler system
working
Smoke detectors
working
Fire extinguishers
Unobstructed/visible
Strategically located
In working
condition
Latest test date
__________
Safety showers
Strategically located
Unobstructed/visible
In working
condition
condition
Safety signs visible
Security/fire alarm
functioning
Security system
connected to
police/fire
departments
Date of last
regulatory
__________
inspection
OSHA, EPA, FDA,
Fire Department
inspections
satisfactory
satisfactory
Total 1
(max
(continued)
control
Last exterminator service
______
date
Aisle clear
Waste and trash
containers present
Waste/trash cleaned up
Spills cleaned up
Floor sweepingregular
Empty pallets stacked in
accordance with fire
regulations
"White Lines" (FDA food
& grocery regs)
In evidence
Unobstructed
Storage areas
identified/marked
Safety striping visible
Rest rooms clean
Lunch room clean,
equipment safe
Truck driver waiting area
clean
Public phone
Receiving/shipping/crossdock area
unobstructed/organized
unobstructed/organized
Check-out desk
organized
Labels, stencils, and
supplies organized
Idle mobile equipment
parked safely
Workers' safety
equipment available
Control procedure in
place
Total 10
(Exhibit continued on next page)
Customer Service
Office space adequate
Rules and policies posted
Rest/lunch room access
Clean/organized
Personnel appearance
Communication skills
Depositor complaints
Customer complaints
Size of office staff
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Depositor billing
# incorrect
Customers billing
# incorrect
Freight bills
# incorrect
Debit/Credit MemosTotal
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Total 175 (max.)____
(continued)
Yes_
Is management on-site? No
_
Yes_
Union
No
_
General appearance
___
Loitering
___
Smoking evidence
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
well
Training frequency
Last safety training; date
__________
Last HazMat training; date
___________
Last lifttruck training; date
__________
___
___
___
___
___
Total 50 (max.)___
Receiving/Shipping (totals)
Inbound receipts
____
Broken seals on transport
____
equipment
Receipt rejected
(cause: excessive transport
____
damage)
Outbound shipments
____
Equipment inspected before
____
loading
Carrier equipment rejected ____
Routing guide observed
____
Total 100 (max.)____
(Exhibit continued on next page)
____
____
____
____
$ Value
____
Type of damage
____________
Warehouse
Type of damage
____________
# Items
____
$ Value
____
# items recoupered
____
Cost
____
# items disposed
____
Cost
____
Mysterious disappearance (theft,
# items
____________
Cost
____________
Concealed damage
# occurrences
___________
Cost
___________
Total 75 (max.)___________
(continued)
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Documentation prepared
Sufficient warehouse labor
available
Sufficient equipment
available
Any damage caused by
moving inventory around
API completed on time
____
____
____
____
____
Total 100 (max.)____
Documentation Accuracy
Receiving reports
______
Proof of delivery?
______
Receiving tallies
______
OS&D reports
Error reports
Loss & damage reports
Daily activity reports
Inventory reports
Shipping reports
Billing
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
Total 100 (max.)______
Page 122
9
Pricing of Warehouse
Services, Quotations, and
Contracts
Warehousing costs are
developed by the warehouse
operator. This chapter should
help depositors understand the
costing process and mechanism
Page 123
Page 124
activity.
Measure the time it takes to
carry out each activity. This is
done either by actual time
measurementsecondsor by a
predetermined time
measurement unit (TMU) in a
time and motion study and
work factor analysis.
Develop the time cost for
each activity phase based on
the number of seconds or
TMUs used.
Calculate the time cost for
the complete activity (loading,
unloading, picking, packing).
Add the costs of all the
activities.
Page 125
Exhibit 9-1.
Warehouse Quotation and
Contract
Many warehouse transactions
between depositors and
warehouse operators are
conducted based on the
standard terms and conditions
of the Warehouse Quotation
and Contract. It is understood
that the depositor accepts the
standard terms and conditions,
Pallets
Rotation
% slip sheets %
LIFO _
FIFO
lot no
_
Received on
on slip sheets
pallets _
Special handling equipmenttype
6. Inbound Receiving
Truckload
Frequency
LTL %
/day
interm
/week
Quantity,
pallets; pieces
number of
Pallet return: Yes _
Dunnage r
No _
Waste
Yes _ No
removal
_
7. Outbound Shipments
Small
parcels:
Frequency
UPS % FedEx %
/day
/week
on pallets
on slip
_
Carrier assists in
Yes _ No
loading
_
8. Transportation
consignorwarehouse
Routing:
_
_
Freight
prepaid (consignee)
Loaded
Freight
prepaid (consignee)
payment: _
Preferred carriers:
Truckload
Less-than truckload
Temperature-controlled equipmen
9. Inventory Reporting
Daily activity reports
Cycle counting
Annual physical inventory
10. Other Services
Bonding
Freight claim h
Subassembly
Repackaging
Labeling
Marking
Shrink-wrapping Stretch-wrapp
Hazardous materials control
MSDS preparation
Safety and environmental audits
Training and compliance program
Page 128
"like period"
following the
original
period!
Page 129
Page 130
of improvements.
Signs. The agreement
should establish conditions for
erecting and maintaining signs.
Insurance. Delineate clearly
who buys insurance for fire,
weather, storm, earthquake,
other casualty, or damage or
loss to lessee's property. Define
and assign responsibility for
maintaining the premises in
insurable condition. Mention
Page 131
ground
drainage,
weatherrelated
structure and
sprinkler
leaks,
overflow from
sewers,
malfunctioning
water, heating,
cooling, gas
and electrical
systems, etc.
Page 132
10
Bar Coding and Electronic
Data Interchange
Applications of bar coding and
electronic data interchange
(EDI) are everywhere. In
department and retail stores, on
supermarket shelves, in video
rental shops, in auto parts and
Page 133
product identification."*
Bar codes have fundamentally
changed the way producers,
distributors, retailers, and
warehouses manage their
businesses. Planners and
managers now rely on
information generated at the
point of activity for the efficient
scheduling, deployment, and
control of goods. In the
warehouse, this includes:
counting
Billing
Loss and damage
Performance reporting
*UPC Implementation Guide:
How to Develop and Maintain
a Top Quality UPC, Uniform
Code Council, Inc., p. i.
Page 134
Page 135
[1]
Reprinted with permission of Port
Jersey Distribution Services, 2
Colony Road, Jersey City, N.J.
07305.
(continues)
Page 136
Exhibit 10-1.(continued)
We are currently utilizing the
following EDI transaction sets
with our Warehouse customers:
940:Warehouse Shipping Order
Advise warehouse that a
depositor shipment is to be
made on behalf of the
shipping account/depositor.
Page 137
(Exhibit continued from previous
page)
Used to enable a
manufacturer, supplier,
broker, or agent to provide
detailed finished goods
product information to a
partner in a consumer goods
market. Can be used to
provide info on new items or
change specs on existing
products.
846: Inventory Inquiry/Advice
Used for one location to
provide shippers,
consignees, and their agents
with the status of shipments
in terms of dates, times,
locations, route, and ID
numbers.
We currently process EDI
transmissions (send and
receive) every 30 minutes,
between 6:30 AM & Midnight,
Monday through Friday. Upon
completion of an EDI
transmission, summary reports
NAME:____________________
TITLE:____________________
COMPANY:________________
PHONE #:__________________
__________________________
Others
__________________________
Page 139
11
Packaging: Containers and
Methods
Goods that are not shipped in
bulk must be shipped in
packages designed in
accordance with detailed
specification or performance
criteria. Compliance with these
approved containers.
"Normal rigors" include:
The forces of static load,
compression, shock, drop,
moisture and corrosion, as well
as vibration, rocking,
pounding, and swaying of
vehicles in transit
Undesirable influences of
the environment, such as
moisture, dust and dirt,
contamination, and other
causes of deterioration
Loss, theft, and other
"mysterious disappearances"
Multiple handling of goods
by all types of materialshandling equipment, especially
robotics, including automated
trucks, conveyors, and picking,
sorting, and packing machinery
used to unload from transport
vehicles, put into storage, move
around the warehouse, pick
Page 140
CERTIFICATE OF BOX
(Applicable only in conn
(a) BOXES, COMPLYING WITH
(1) Size, Type and Wording: All f
conform to specifications of this
certificate of a box manufacturer
guaranteeing that boxes do so co
following form, size (3-inch diam
type and wording, as illustrated i
[ 1 ]
Reproduced with permission of t
Traffic Commission, Inc., Agent,
Va. 22314.
(continues)
[ 2 ]
(Exhibit continued on next page)
ITEM 222-A-CContinued
Note 3Actual Test Above Require
The test stated in this certificate m
minimum required for the gross w
except as provided in Note 4 of I
weight of facings for required bu
minimum prescribed by Item 222
is in excess of the minimum test r
be stated below the certificate, bu
rules in this Classification as prov
minimum test will apply.
[ 3 ]
(continues)
Property
Specification (See
A and D)
Melt Index
Density
1.2 Maximum
Range
0.941 - 0.965
Tensile
3.000 psi minim
Strength
75 percent minim
Percent
Elongation
(b) Capacity and material constru
Page 145
Section I. Compressi
Two alternate methods of testing
or (B). Either may be utilized, dep
Method
Shipping units must be vibration
compressive load for one (1) hou
ASTM D4169 Element E, assuran
vibration.
Where:
average density of LT
10 pcf = foot)
108 in = Inside height of traile
h = height of shipping un
l = length of shipping un
w=width of shipping un
In metric:
= average density of LT
162 kg/m3
2.7 m= Inside height of traile
h= height of shipping un
l= length of shipping un
w= width of shipping un
LOAD
The concentrated dead load shall
RSC style corrugated container(s
having a corrugated medium max
(15 kg); a plywood sheet with a m
(13mm) resting inside the contain
the bottom inner flaps of the con
plastic bag(s) evenly distributed o
the container to complete the requ
weighs approximately 110 lb/ft3;
container(s) must be larger than t
not overhang the specimen by mo
[ 1 ]
ITEM 180Continued
NOTE: When test units have larg
dimension exceeding 18 inches (0
be subdivided into smaller portio
exceeds 18 inches (0.46 m), the lo
(2) equal portions along the longe
dimensions exceed 18 inches (0.4
divided into four (4) equal portio
FIGURE #1 - EXAMPLE OF
LOAD ON TEST SPECIMEN F
TEST
Method
Shipping units must be subjected
vibration in separate tests. A com
first and then the same shipping u
(1) Conduct a machine compress
the shipping unit, applying a forc
shipping axis as calculated from t
Where:
N
162 kg/m3
2.7 m
h
l
w
D.F.
9.8 m/s2
= Newtons
= average density of
= inside height of tra
= height of shipping
= length of shipping
= width of shipping
= Design Factor from
= metric conversion
[ 2 ]
(continues)
DESIGN FA
Shipping Unit Construction
Procedur
[ 3 ]
(Exhibit continued on next page)
ITEM 180Continued
Procedur
For individual packages with exte
pallets/skids, including crates, pe
tests as follows:
Weight
Up to 500 pounds (227 kg)
500 pounds (227 kg) and ove
Procedur
[ 4 ]
(continues)
[ 5 ]
(Exhibit continued on next page)
ITEM 180Concluded
Section V. Accep
The shipping unit shall be deeme
performance testing if the follow
report.
Section VI. C
(a) Packages tested in accordance
conspicuously bear the following
in width at top and 3 inches in h
meet the minimum performance r
marking is the responsibility of th
(International Safe Transit Assoc
party identified above the symbo
Testing may be conducted by the
competent test laboratory.
[ 6 ]
Page 152
12
Liability, Claims, and
Insurance
As earlier chapters of this book
have stressed, damage to or loss
of goods is costly, whether it
happens in the warehouse or in
transit. Such situations lead to
confusion, claims, and losses.
Page 153
vided, however, that such
liability may on written request
of the bailor at the time of
signing such storage agreement
or within reasonable time after
the receipt of the warehouse
receipt be increased on part or
all of the goods thereunder, in
which event increased rates
may be charged based on such
increased valuation, but no
such increase shall be
permitted contrary to a lawful
Page 154
Consequential damages.
These are the result of untimely
delivery, shipment of incorrect
or defective product,
interruption of a customer's
business, or loss of depositor's
business. Such damages, when
occuring in a warehouse or
during transportation, are often
difficult to substantiate and
prove; the parties may wish to
gross neglect.
The bone of contention in
many claims is the value of the
goods in question. The
warehouse operator'sas well as
the depositor'sinsurance rates
are based on the value of the
goods. In addition, the rates
charged by the warehouse are
dependent on the value of those
goods. Therefore, it is essential
that the depositor disclose the
value of the goods to the
insurance.
Contracts and agreements
between depositors and
warehouse operators for the
storage and handling of goods,
therefore, must carefully
address responsibility for loss
and damage, overages,
shortages, shrinkage (and
consequential damages, as
feasible). They must specify
who insures the goods while in
storage, and for how much.
Page 155
Page 156
Department of Transportation.
Page 157
important that
cargo
liability and
loss and
damage claim
provisions
included in a
transportation
contract are
written so as
to pertain to
the particular
transportation
mode.
Page 158
the carrier
that made an
exception
notation on
the shipping
papers.
Some truck
carriers may
suggest that
the claim be
filed with the
truck
carrier's
insurance
company.
Don't do it,
lest you lose
the claim!
Page 159
Page 160
Page 161
(Exhibit continued from previous
page)
NOTICE TO CLAIMANTS
Claimants are requested to
make use of this form for filing
claims with carriers. Claims
may be filed with the carrier's
agent either at the point of
origin or destination of
shipments, or direct with the
carrier's representative.
4. It is a common practice for
manufacturers and others to
ship large quantities to key
points for warehousing and
later distribution to surrounding
areas. In many instances, the
original container is not opened
and the contents examined
before re-shipment to final
destination. When this practice
is followed, it is impossible to
determine after delivery to final
of fraudulent, fictitious or
excessive claims for loss or
damage to merchandise
transported is as much a
violation of law as is a direct
concession or departure from
the published rates and charges.
In this connection, attention is
also called to the following
important quotation from
Section 11904 of the Interstate
Commerce Act [49 USC
11904(b)]:
A person or an officer,
employee or agent of that
person, that (1) knowingly
offers, grants, gives, solicits,
accepts, or receives a rebate,
concession, or discrimination
in violation of a provision of
this subtitle related to motor
carrier transportation subject to
the jurisdiction of the
Commission under subchapter
II of chapter 105 of this title, or
(2) by any means knowingly
and willfully assists or permits
[ 2 ]
(continues)
When investigation of a cl
When investigation of a cl
carriers has been presente
shipment, the carrier inves
with each such other carri
300122into between or among the
claim or claims, will notify
conflicting or overlapping
substantiation, on the part
property involved or his r
REGULATIONS GO
FREIGHT BEFORE OR
AND
CLAIMS F
ITEM
REPORTING
INSPEC
Inspection by carrier will
FAIL
SALV
PRIOR
PRINCIPLES AND P
AND DISPO
DOCUMENTS RE
300110
CLAIMS FILE
ACKNOWLEDGM
Page 164
packaging.
Request trailers and railcars
equipped with load restraints
and air ride. Household-goods
carriers operate easy-riding
trailers and use lots of blankets.
Load in accordance with the
carrier's loading procedures;
trained drivers will tell you
how to distribute a load evenly
throughout the vehicle.
Observe safe and correct
Page 165
Appendixes
Warehousing Documents
Disclaimer:
This chapter
contains
guidelines
and
illustrations.
Documents
have been
presented to
the best of
the author's
ability. The
author does
not engage in
providing
legal advice
or
assistance.
Form,
format,
content, and
language of
your
individual
contracts,
agreements,
leases, and
other legal
documents
must be
developed
by
competent,
professional
legal
counsel.
Page 167
Appendix A
Uniform Commercial Code
(UCC), Article 7, Parts 1-6
[Public Document]
Page 168
Summary
Part 1General
Sec. 7-101. Short Title
Sec. 7-102. Definitions and
Index of Definitions
Sec. 7-103. Relations of Article
to Treaty, Statute, Tariff,
Classification or Regulation
Sec. 7-104. Negotiable and
Non-Negotiable Warehouse
Receipt, Bill of Lading or Other
Document of Title
Sec. 7-105. Construction
Against Negative Implication
Part 2Warehouse Receipts:
Special Provisions
Sec. 7-201. Who May Issue a
Warehouse Receipt; Storage
Under Government Bond
Sec. 7-202. Form of Warehouse
Storage at Warehouseman's
Option
Sec. 7-207.Goods Must Be Kept
Separate; Fungible Goods
Sec. 7-208. Altered Warehouse
Receipts
Sec. 7-209. Lien of
Warehouseman
Sec. 7-210. Enforcement of
Warehouseman's Lien
Part 3Bills of Lading: Special
Provisions[Omitted]
Part 4Warehouse Receipts and
Bills of Lading: General
Obligations
Sec. 7-401. Irregularities in the
Issue of Receipt or Bill or
Conduct of Issuer
Sec. 7-402. Duplicate Receipt
or Bill; Overissue
Page 169
Page 170
Article 7
Warehouse Receipts, Bills of
Lading and Other Documents
of Title
Part 1
General
Section 7-101 Short Title.
This Article shall be known and
may be cited as Uniform
Commercial CodeDocuments
of Title.
Section 7-102 Definitions and
Index of Definitions.
(1) In this Article, unless the
context otherwise requires:
(a) ''Bailee" means the person
who by a warehouse receipt,
bill of lading, or other
document of title
acknowledges possession of
goods and contracts to
deliver them.
Page 171
Page 172
Page 173
description is qualified by
"contents, condition and quality
un
Page 174
Page 175
duly negotiated.
Section 7-206. Termination of
Storage at Warehouseman's
Option.
(1) A warehouseman may on
notifying the person on whose
account the goods are held and
any other person known to
claim an interest in the goods
require payment of any charges
and removal of goods from the
warehouse at the termination of
Page 176
Page 177
9).
(3) A warehouseman's lien for
charges and expenses under
subsection (1) or a security
interest under subsection (2) is
also effective against any
person who so entrusted the
bailor with possession of the
goods that a pledge of them by
him to a good faith purchaser
for value would have been
valid but is not effective against
a person as to whom the
Page 178
person to be notified.
(c) The notification must
include an itemized statement
of the claim, a description of
the goods subject to the lien,
a demand for payment within
a specified time not less than
ten days after the receipt of
the notification, and a
conspicuous statement that
unless the claim is paid
within that time the goods
will be advertised for sale by
newspaper of general
circulation where the sale is
to be held, the adver
Page 179
Page 180
Part 3
Bills of Lading: Special
Provisions
[Omitted]
Part 4
Warehouse Receipts and Bills
of Lading: General Obligations
Section 7-401. Irregularities in
the Issue of Receipt or Bill or
Conduct of Issuer.
Page 181
Page 182
Page 183
issued; and
(d) the direct obligation of
the issuer to hold or deliver
the goods according to the
terms of the document free
of any defense or claim by
him except those arising
under the terms of the
document or under this
Article. In the case of a
delivery order the bailee's
obligation accrues only upon
acceptance and the obligation
Page 184
Page 185
Page 186
Documents.
A collecting bank or other
intermediary known to be
entrusted with documents on
behalf of another or with
collection of a draft or other
claim against delivery of
documents warrants by such
delivery of the documents only
its own good faith and
authority. This rule applies even
though the intermediary has
purchased or made advances
Page 187
Part 6
Warehouse Receipts and Bills
of Lading: Miscellaneous
Provisions
Section 7-601. Lost and Missing
Documents.
(1) If a document has been lost,
stolen or destroyed, a court
may order delivery of the
goods or issuance of a
Page 188
Page 189
Appendix B
Cargo Security Advisory
Standards
Code of Federal Regulations
Title 49
Par. 1 (10-1-92 Edition), Part
101
Subchapter ATransportation
Programs Bureau
[Public Document]
Republication of Material:
There are no restrictions on the
republication of material
appearing in the Code of
Federal Regulations; Martha
Girard, Director, Office of the
Federal Register, October 1,
1992.
<><><><><><><><><><><>
<>
The reader is encouraged to
Page 190
Subchapter ATransportation
Programs Bureau
APPENDIX TO PART 101CARCO
SECURITY ADVISORY STANDARDS
Part PART 101OFFICE Of
TRANSPORTATION
SECURITYCARGO
SECURITY ADVISORY
STANDARDS
Subpart AGeneral
Sec.
101.1 Applicability.
101.3 Initiation of advisory
standard setting.
101.5 Participation by interested
persons. 101.7 Docket.
Subpart BPetitions, for
Advisory Standard Setting
101.11 Filling of petitions.
101.13 Processing of petitions.
Subpart CPrecedures
101.21 General.
101.23 Contents of notices.
101.25 Petitions for extension
of time to comment.
101.27 Consideration of
comments received.
101.29 Additional advisory
standard setting proceedings.
101.31 Hearings.
and Procedures
Subpart AGeneral
Sec.
101-1.1 Purpose.
101-1.3 Definitions.
Subpart BDistribution ans
Accountability
101-1.11 Purpose.
101-1.13 Ordering seals from
the manufacturer.
101-1.15 Company
identification.
101-1.17 Storage.
101-1.19 Records.
101-1.21 Employee
accountability.
101-1.23 Accountability at
terminals.
Subpart CSeal Records
101-1.31 Purpose.
Count (SL&C)
101-1.71 General.
101-1.73 Application.
101-1.75 Removal for
inspection.
101-1.77 Destination procedure.
101-1.79 Responsibility of the
driver.
Subpart HU.S. Government and
"In Bond" Seals
101-1.81 General.
AUTHORITY: Sec. 9(e)(l). 80
Stat. 944 (49 U.S.C. 1657(e)
(1)); 49 CFR 101.3.
Subpart AGeneral
SEC. 101-1.1 Purpose. (a) The
purpose of this Part is to set
forth minimum procedures and
guidelines that should be
observed in order to institute
and maintain an effective seal
program.
Page 191
particular circumstances. of
each company dictate the types
of records necessary. The goal
of seal records is to pinpoint
where in the chain of custody a
transportation unit's security
was breached. in order to
simplify determination of
where the loss occurred, who
was responsible. and other in
formation necessary to prevent
future losses. Problem areas
cannot be pinpointed unless
Page 192
seal;
(c) Reason seal was broken;
(d) Serial number of the seal
replacing the broken seal (and
the serial number of the broken
seal, if a seal log Is used);
(e) Name of person applying
the replacement seal; and
(f) Names of witness.
SEC. 101-1.37 Use of guards.
Where a gate guard is used, he
accomplished. A ''necessary
opening en route" may be
dictated by either an authorized
person or an emergency
situation.
(b) Application of seals should
be supervised. Failure to
supervise or allowing the
hostler to move an unsealed
transportation unit to a staging
area offers opportunity to:
(1) Pilfer prior to applying the
seal; or
(2) Apply a bogus seal, break
the seal later, remove cargo,
and then apply the legitimate
seal.
SEC. 101-1.43 Authority to
apply seals. (a) The manager of
the terminal should authorize
specific persons on each shift to
apply seals at that terminal, and
only those so authorized should
be permitted to apply seals.
Page 193
following minimum
information should be entered
in the bill of lading and freight
bills;
(a) Date seal was removed;
(b) Name of person who broke
the original seal and applied the
new seal;
(c) Reason the seal was broken;
(d) Serial number of the seal
which replaced the broken seal;
and
(e) Location where seal was
broken.
SEC. 101-1.77 Destination
procedure. At destination,
whether interline or consignee,
the person receiving a trailer or
rail car sealed with a Shipper's
Load and Count Seal should
examine the seal and record its
serial number above his
signature on the delivery receipt
101-2.31 Custodian.
101-2.33 Entrance in absence of
custodian.
Subpart EAccountability
101-2.41 Control log.
101-2.43 Physical inventory.
101-2.45 Theft or pilferage.
101-2.47 Discrepancies.
101-2.49 Completed logs.
Subpart FSecurity
101-2.51 Lock.
101-2.53 Keys.
101-2.55 Surrounding area.
101-2.57 Electronic
surveillance.
101-2.59 Procedures in lieu of a
security crib.
101-2.6l Protective lighting.
AUTHORITY: Sec. 9(e)(1), 80
Page 194
Page 195
25. 1978]
Part 101-3Internal
Accountability Procedures
Subpart AGeneral
Sec.
101-3.1 Purpose.
101-3.3 General.
101-3.5 Definitions.
Subpart BShipper Cargo
Accountability and Procedures
101-3.11 Purpose.
101-3.13 General.
Subpart CCarrier Cargo
Accountability and Procedures
10l-3.21 Equipment controls.
101-3.23 Outbound freight
procedures: Pickup.
Sec.
101-3.25 Outbound freight
procedures: Stripping and
loading.
101-3.27 Return freight.
101-3.29 Inbound freight
procedures: Striping and
loading.
101-3.31 Inbound freight
procedures: Delivery.
Subpart DExceptions
101-3.41 LTL freight.
101-3.43 Dockman
responsibilities.
101-3.45 Driver responsibility.
101-3.47 Supervisor
responsibility.
Subpart EInterchange
101-3.51 General.
101-3.53 Air cargo.
101-3.55 Marine cargo.
101-3.57 Interchange: Truck
and rail or vessel and rail.
Subpart FContainers,
Palletizing, and Unitizing
101-3.61 Intermodal containers.
101-3.63 Air cargo containers.
Page 196
Appendixes
Subpart GConsignee Cargo
Accountability and Procedures
101-3.71 General.
Subpart H"In Bond" Cargo
101-3.81 General.
AUTHORITY: Sec. 9(e)(l). 80.
Stat. 944 (49 U.S.C. 1657(e)
(1)); 49 CFR 101.3.
Subpart AGeneral
SECTION 101-3.1 Purpose. (a)
The purpose of this part is to
set forth minimum procedures
and guidelines that should be
observed in order to account
for each step in the cargo
movement process and to fix
responsibility when exceptions
occur.
(b) The provisions herein are
general and each may not apply
Shippers should:
(a) Number all shipping
containers in a shipment and
record such numbers on the
shipping documents. In
addition, each container in a
shipment of more than one
container should be marked
thusly: One of four, two of
four, etc.
(b) Place clear and complete
delivery and handling
Page 197
(g) Consolidate small or nonuniform containers into singleload units. Unitize, palletize,
and use intermodal containers
whenever possible. Pilfer-proof
sealing tape, corrugated
fasteners, string wrapping.
strapping. and banding reduce
theft and pilferage.
(h) Require carrier personnel to
verify their identity and restrict
Page 198
city manifests.
Subpart DExceptions
SEC. 101-3.41 LTL freight. LTL
(Less Than Truck Load) freight
should be counted and checked
for visible damage at each step
of the cargo handling process.
This should begin at pickup
where the carrier's liability
attaches with the driver's
signature. This should continue
as the freight moves through
should be reported to
supervisors include not only
those of count and damage but
also those of instances of bills
of lading for which there is no
freight and freight for which
there are no bills.
Subpart EInterchange
SEC. 101-3.51 General. A
substantial part of cargo is
interchanged between carriers,
often in the same mode. Cargo
Page 199
Subpart FContainers,
Palletizing, and Unitizing
SEC. 101-3.61 Intermodal
containers. (a) Intermodal
containers. adaptable to carriage
by truck, railcar, barge. and
ocean-going vessel, reduce
vulnerability to pilfer-age and
theft and eliminate multiple
handling of individual items of
cargo. A shipper can use such
containers to convey goods
directly from his premises to
his customers.
(b) Reduced handling
requirements simplify
accountability for shipper,
carrier. and consignee. Shippers
assume responsibility for
accuracy of the count; so long
as containers remain sealed and
intact. carriers are not liable for
shortages.
(c) Verification and recording
of seal serial numbers in
a carrier employee.
(b) Weigh shipping containers
and compare the weights with
those recorded on pertinent
documents.
(c) Note on the carrier's receipt
the number of pieces in each
shipping container as well as
their condition.
(d) Obtain, in ink or indelible
pencil, the legible signature of
the driver on consignee's copy
of the receipt.
(e) Inspect cargo as soon after
receipt as practical to determine
any loss or damage, regardless
of the apparent condition of the
cargo at time of delivery, and
report any exceptions.
(f) Obtain a copy of the
carrier's delivery receipt and
file it with copies of the other
documents concerning the
cargo.
Page 200
Subpart AGeneral
Sec.
101-4.1 Purpose.
101-4.3 General.
101-4.5 Definitions.
Subpart BElements of a System
101-4.11 General.
101-4.13 Procedures.
101-4.15 Training.
Subpart AGeneral
Sec. 101-4.1 Purpose. (a) The
purpose of this part is to set
forth minimum procedures and
guidelines that should be
observed in establishing a cargo
loss reporting system.
(b) The provisions herein are
general and each may not apply
to every transportation mode.
Adaptation may be necessary to
suit mode pecularities and
Page 201
presented by customers.
Sec. 101-4.23 Organization. (a)
A central office to serve as the
clearinghouse for all reports of
shipment discrepancies should
be established preferably at the
corporate or company
headquarters.
(b) This central office should
be the focal point for all reports
of overages. shortages. and
damages and is responsible for:
terminal.
(4) The freight was loaded on
the wrong unit at the shipper's
dock.
(5) Another carrier picked up
the freight In error.
(e) Action to be taken when
such shortages are discovered:
(1) Check for billing or
typographical error on bill of
lading.
Page 202
on circumstances.
(6) If the recovered freight is a
part shipment. and the balance
of the shipment has already
moved to destination, prepare a
free-astray bill and move the
freight to destination promptly
for final delivery.
(7) If the shortage is from an
interline carrier, a signed and
dated exception should be noted
by the checker on connecting
(11) Prepaid/collect;
(12) Where checked and by
whom;
(13) How many times handled;
(14) Type loss
(theft/hijack/pilferage/unknown)
and
(15) Location where loss was
detected.
(k) Any failure of the system in
reporting losses should be
Page 203
movements of specialized
cargoes, and high-risk
movements. The O. S. & D.
clerk should also possess a
knowledge of claims handling,
cargo claims prevention
procedures. cargo security.
packaging required by tariffs,
recoopering practices, customer
service, tracing. and related
activities. He should be able to
detect and correct flaws in
handling and checking
a carrier.
(g) The central office should
establish daily reports to
account statistically for O. S. &
D. activity and provide
management with information
to reflect error experience each
day. High O. S. & D. activity is
a sign of operational problems
and a forerunner to severity in
cargo loss claims.
(h) Daily written records of all
on outstanding O. S. & D.
items. for tracer information.
and other O. S. & D.
information. It also serves as
the, source for daily trends.
(j) The central office should
compile discrepancy data on
shippers. such as failure to
mark shipments properly. and
the use of poor quality
containers. Such discrepancies
should be called to the shipper's
attention for correction.
Page 204
Procedures
Subpart AGeneral
Sec.
101-5.1 Purpose.
101-5.3 Application.
101-5.5 Definitions.
Subpart BRouting and
Communication
101-5.11 General.
101-5.13 Routes.
101-5.15 Communication.
101-5.17 Escorts.
Subpart COperating Procedures
101-5.21 General.
101-5.23 Delivery.
101-5.25 Seals.
101-5.27 Physical security.
101-5.29 Terminal security.
beverages.
Sensitive cargo means cargo
which because of its strategic
value or potentially hazardous
nature warrants greater security
protection and care than other
commodities normally handled
in the transportation facility.
Such sensitive cargo, if lost,
could constitute a threat to law
and order or to the safety and
tranquility of the general public.
communicated to destination
stations.
SEC. 101-5.15 Communication.
(a)Where radios are available
on local delivery vehicles, the
route should be designated. and
scheduled radio contact
between the dispatcher and the
vehicle should be maintained.
(b) For pickup or delivery
vehicles without radio, the
driver should telephone the
Page 205
necessary or special
procedures, details of quantity,
value, destination, etc., should
be ascertained when initial
pickup is arranged.
(b) High security padlocks
should be provided on all
pickup and delivery trucks.
(c) The dispatcher should know
the identity of the shipper and
consignee of each high-value or
sensitive cargo and coordinate
movement.
SEC. 101-5.29 Terminal
security. (a) High-value or
sensitive cargo temporarily
placed on the dock or spotted
in a railyard should be located
in a special area which affords
good visibility from the
terminal office and should be
checked frequently.
(b) Kingpin-locked trailers can
be parked door-to-door to
Page 206
Page 207
Appendix C
Standard Terms and Conditions
for Public and Contract
Warehouse Operators
Reprinted with permission of
the American Warehouse
Association, 1300 West Higgins
Road, Suite 111, Park Ridge,
III. 60068.
Page 208
Page 209
Page 210
Page 211
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REGARD TO THEM AS A
REASONABLY CAREFUL
MAN WOULD EXERCISE
UNDER LIKE
CIRCUMSTANCES AND
WAREHOUSEMAN IS NOT
LIABLE FOR DAMAGES
WHICH COULD NOT HAVE
BEEN AVOIDED BY THE
EXERCISE OF SUCH CARE
(B) GOODS ARE NOT
INSURED BY THE
WAREHOUSEMAN AGAINST
HEREUNDER IN WHICH
EVENT A MONTHLY
CHARGE OF ____________
WILL BE MADE IN
ADDITION TO THE
REGULAR MONTHLY
STORAGE CHARGE.
Notice of Claim and Filing of
SuitSection 12.
(A) Claims by the depositor and
all other persons must be
presented to the warehouseman
of a negotiable
[7]
Page 215
discovered on physical
inventories will be considered
unless the storer allows
corresponding credit for
overages found on physical
inventories.
4. Any charges incurred as a
result of local, state, or federal
environmental laws will be
billed to the depositor.
[8]
Page 216
Appendix D
Contract Warehouse Agreement
Reprinted with permission of
the American Warehouse
Association, 1300 West Higgins
Road, Suite 111, Park Ridge, Ill.
60068.
Page 217
The terms
and
conditions of
this sample
document are
given as an
example of
elements that
should be
considered
for inclusion
in a contract
warehouse
agreement.
The parties'
legal counsel
most likely
will
negotiate and
agree on
changes in
intent,
content,
format,
sequence,
grammar,
and language
of specific
agreements.
purposes;
THEREFORE, in consideration
of the mutual covenants and
conditions contained herein, the
parties do hereby agree as
follows:
1.0 TERM OF AGREEMENT.
1.1 Initial Term. The term of
this Agreement shall be for
(period in number of months,
years) commencing (Date) and
ending (Date).
Occupancy
Total
Target Date (squar
__________________
__________________
__________________
Increment
1.
2.
3.
[2]
Page 219
maintenance. [____________]
shall be responsible for all
taxes, assessments, and
insurance related to the
ownership of the facility.
[____________] shall be
responsible for any personal
property or inventory taxes and
insurance covering
[____________] Goods.
2.4 Labor and Equipment.
[____________] agrees to
make available qualified
[____________] warehouse
complex (Number of) full-time
Warehouse Coordinator and
(Number of) "Back-up"
Coordinator to coordinate with
[____________] personnel
with respect to (specify Tasks)
obligations pursuant to this
Agreement.
(b) In addition,
[____________] shall identify
and designate. one or more
persons who may be contacted
by
[3]
Page 220
[____________], if necessary,
at any time, including
weekends, holidays and outside
regularly scheduled operating
hours with respect to
[____________] obligations
pursuant to this Agreement.
2.6 Hours of Operation.
(a) Regular Hours.
[____________] facility will
available to [____________]
on an as-needed basis outside
the regular hours set forth
above.
(c) If additional operating
hours for the facility are needed
on a regular basis,
[____________] and
[____________] shall mutually
agree on the appropriate hours
for warehouse operations and
further agree to adjust storage
space fees to reflect any
Documentation.
[____________] personnel
shall verify receipt of all
incoming freight and
documentation with respect
thereto including, but not
limited to, any
[4]
Page 221
Bill of Lading.
(e) [____________] personnel
will give prompt notice to
[____________] personnel of
the departure of each outbound
trailer.
(f) [____________] personnel
will promptly inform
[____________] of any
difficulties or service-level
problems with any carrier
providing service to or from
the facility.
2.9 Housekeeping. At all times
throughout the term of the
Agreement [____________]
will operate and maintain the
facility in a clean and orderly
condition satisfactory to
[____________].
2.10 Safety. [____________]
and [____________] each
agree to establish, observe and
enforce rules and regulations
Page 222
3.0 RATES.
3.1 Labor Charges.
[____________] agrees to pay
[____________] for labor
furnished pursuant to this
Agreement at the rate of $
(Number) per hour actually
worked, up to a maximum of
forty (40) hours per week, with
a minimum of four (4) hours
per employee per regular
workday.
3.2 Overtime Labor Charges.
(a) On request and with prior
approval [____________],
[____________] shall charge
an hourly fee for actual
overtime performed by
[____________] warehouse
personnel pursuant to this
Agreement. Provided requisite
approvals have been given,
[____________] shall pay for
Page 223
approved in writing by
[____________] in whole or in
part, the adjusted labor charges
shall be effective (Date) to the
end of the term.
3.4 Forklift Charges.
[____________] agrees to pay
forklift charges, for standard
5,000 lb. lift trucks, including
gas, oil and maintenance, at the
rate of $ (Number) per hour
actually worked as recorded on
[____________]
documentation countersigned
by [____________] personnel;
provided, however, the total
charges per month shall not
exceed $ (Number) per month,
and, provided, further, that if
total usage exceeds (Number)
hours per month,
[____________] will pay an
additional $ (Number) per hour
for each hour worked in excess
of (Number) hours per month.
3.5 Other Material Handling
approved vendors.
[____________] will
reimburse [____________] for
the actual cost of the equipment
procured, plus (state
upcharge).
3.6 Snow Removal Charges.
[____________] shall have
responsibility for all snow
removal required to permit
ingress and egress to and from
the (Name and Address)
warehouse facility and loading
[_____________________]
for the warehouse doors will be
installed by
[7]
[____________] at [__________
and expense. After installation, [_
shall pay the monthly service fees
system. [____________] will hav
responsibility for payment of mo
fees.
Upon occupancy of
____________
____________
(List Buildings; areas)
Warehouse Operations
"
Clerical Personnel
"
Receiving Inspectors
Page 225
[____________] shall be
obligated to reimburse
[____________] for the cost of
Goods damaged or lost as a
result of such negligence or
intentional misconduct, such
reimbursement shall be linked
to the price of such Goods FOB
the warehouse.
6.2 Building Insurance. At its
own cost and expense,
[____________] shall provide
insurance on the warehouse
facility.
6.3 General Liability Insurance.
[____________] and
[____________] shall
separately obtain and maintain,
at their own cost and expense a
policy or policies of general
liability insurance with carriers
acceptable to the other, insuring
against liability for injury to, or
death of, persons, and damage
to, or destruction of, property
arising out of or based upon an
act or omission of
[____________] or
[____________], or their
respective officers, directors,
employees or agents. Such
general liability insurance shall
have limits of not less than One
Million Dollars ($1,000,000)
combined single limit for
bodily injury and property
damage. As soon, as
practicable, after execution of
this Agreement,
[____________] and
[____________] shall each
supply the other with written
certificate(s) evidencing such
coverage which certificate(s)
shall name the other party as
Additional Named Insured and
provide thirty (30) days notice
to the other of cancellation and
expiration of such insurance.
The provisions of this section
shall not be deemed to limit the
liability or responsibility of
[____________] or
[____________].
[9]
Page 226
7.0 INDEPENDENT
CONTRACTOR.
7.1 [____________] shall be
deemed to be an independent
contractor hereunder and shall
not be considered or permitted
to be an
agent, servant, joint venturer or
partner [____________]. All
persons furnished, used,
retained or hired by or on
behalf of [____________]shall
be considered to be solely the
employees of [____________]
and [____________] shall be
responsible for payment of any
and all unemployment, social
security and other payroll taxes
for such persons, including any
related assessments or
contributions required by law.
7.2 [____________] and
[____________] shall
of
[10]
Page 227
hours.
9.2 Repackaging of Goods.
[____________] reserves the
right to utilize warehouse space
occupied pursuant to this
Agreement to conduct
operations related to the
repackaging of Goods for retail
distribution. [____________]
agrees that employees of
[____________] or of a related
or affiliated entity may perform
such functions; provided,
Page 229
10.5 Advertising.
[____________] shall not refer
to [____________] or to any
entity related to
[____________] or to
[____________] and shall not
use any trade name or
trademark symbol belonging to
[____________] in any
advertising, letterheads, bills,
invoices or in any other public
or media communications
except with the prior written
permission of
[____________].
10.6 Confidentiality and NonDisclosure. [____________]
and its agents, representatives
and employees will keep
confidential any information
concerning [____________]
business or business operations
which may be discussed or
disclosed in the course of the
Signed by
[Title]
Title:
Witnessed by:
Signed by
[Title]
Title:
[14]
[14]
Page 231
Appendix E
Lease Agreement
Reprinted with permission of
the American Warehouse
Association, 1300 West Higgins
Road, Suite 111, Park Ridge,
III. 60068.
Page 232
Note: The
names,
addresses,
dates, and data
in this sample
lease
agreementshown
in italicsare
fictitious and
used for
purposes of
illustration
negative and
agree on
changes in
intent, content,
format,
sequence,
grammar, and
language of
specific lease
agreements.
Page 233
(December 1, 1982, to
December 31, 1982) is
waived by Lessor.
3. The premises shall be used
for warehouse and distribution
purposes and any other
purposes incidental to Lessee's
particular type of business and
no other. Premises shall not be
used for any illegal purposes;
nor in violation of any valid
Page 234
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Page 236
presenceBEST WAREHOUSING,
of:
By_________________
Presid
[Corporat
In the
presenceJONES DISTRIBUTING
of:
By_________________
(Presid
[Corporat
[7]
Page 239
EXHIBIT A
December 1, 1982 JONES
DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
[8]
Page 240
Appendix F
Bill of Lading (Domestic)
Terms and Conditions
Page 241
It is recommended that, on
customer pickups, the
consignor elect freight terms to
assure passage of title when
goods have been
Page 242
damage.
Section 6. Hazardous materials.
Carrier will transport only in
accordance with applicable
regulations.
Section 7. Responsibility for
freight charges. The owner or
consignee of the goods or
consignee must pay freight
charges. The carrier must not
deliver goods until all charges
have been paid, except
Page 243
charges.
Section 8. Substitute bill of
lading. This provides for the
liability of a shipper when a
substitute or exchange bill of
lading is issued. Shipper's
signature on the prior bill of
lading with respect to value is
considered same as if written
thereon.
Section 9. Water carrier
exceptions. (Refer to Exhibit 7-
2.)
Section 10. Unauthorized
changes. These are prohibited
and, when made, not effective.
Note: Terms and 'conditions
used for export, government
traffic, household goods, and
air and water transportation are
different from the standard bill
of lading terms.
Page 244
1. No carrier or party in
possession of all or any portion
of the property described in this
bill of lades shall be liable for
any loss of or damage to the
said property or for any delay
caused by an Act of God, the
public enemy, the authority of
law, or the act or default of the
shipper or owner. Further, no
carrier or party in possession of
all or any portion of the said
property shall be liable for any
quarantine regulations or
authorities, or for the carrier's
dispatch, the property may be
discharged at the owner's risk
and expense at the nearest
available point in the camps
judgement. The carrier's
responsibility shall cease when
the property is so discharged,
or the property may be returned
by the carrier at the owner's
expense to the shipping point,
earning freight both ways. All
quarantine expenses of
whatever nature or kind which
are incurred with respect to the
property shall be borne by the
owners of the property or shall
become a lien on the property.
The carrier shall not be liable
for loss or damage caused by
fumigation, disinfection or
other acts required or done by
quarantine regulations or
authorities even though these
acts may have been done by the
occurred; or
4. the carrier in possession of
the property when the loss,
damage, injury or delay
occurred.
Such claims must be filed
within nine months after the
delivery of the property (or, in
the case of export traffic, within
nine months alter delivery at the
port of export), except that
claims for failure to make
Page 245
been made, or
2. Property is not received at
the time tender of the property
to the party entitled to receive it
has been made.
Such property may be kept in
vessel, vehicle, car, depot,
warehouse, or place of business
of the carrier, subject to the
tariff charge for storage and to
the carrier's responsibility solely
as warehouseman.
lading.
Sec. 6. Every party, whether
principal or agent, who ships
explosives or dangerous goods,
without previous full written
disclosure to the carrier of their
nature, shall be liable for and
indemnify the carrier against all
loss damage caused by such
goods. Such goods may be
warehoused at owner's risk and
expense or destroyed without
compensation.
Page 246
from an erroneous
determination of the
transportation charge assessed.
If the consignee has given to
the carrier erroneous
information as to who the
beneficial owner is, such
consignee shall himself be
liable for such additional
charges. Nothing herein shall
limit the right of the carrier to
require at time of shipment the
prepayment or guarantee of the
of such carrier.
Sec. 9(c) If the owner shall
have exercised due diligence in
making the vessel in all respects
seaworthy and properly
manned, equipped and
supplied, no such carrier shall
be liable for any loss or damage
resulting from the perils of the
lakes, seas, or in other waters
or from latent defects in the
hull, machinery, or
appurtenances whether existing
Page 247
Appendix G
Hazardous Materials
Communications Standards
Page 248
1910.1200 Hazard
communication.
(a) Purpose. (1) The purpose of
this section is to ensure that the
hazards of all chemicals
produced or imported are
evaluated, and that information
concerning their hazards is
transmitted to employers and
employees. This transmittal of
information is to be
accomplished by means of
comprehensive hazard
communication programs,
which are to include container
labeling and other forms of
warning, material safety data,
sheets and employee training.
(2) This occupational safety and
health standard is intended to
address comprehensively the
issue of evaluating the potential
hazards of chemicals, and
communicating information
considered to be either a
chemical manufacturer or a
distributor under this rule, and
thus must ensure that any
containers of hazardous
chemicals leaving the
laboratory are labeled in
accordance with paragraph (f)
(1) of this section, and that a
material safety data sheet is
provided to distributors and
other employers in accordance
with paragraphs (g)(6) and (g)
Page 249
Environmental Protection
Agency regulations;
(iii) Tobacco or tobacco
products;
(iv) Wood or wood products,
including lumber which will
not be processed, where the
chemical manufacturer or
importer can establish that the
only hazard they pose to
employees is the potential for
flammability or combustibility
or prepared in a retail
establishment (such as a
grocery
Page 250
employees.
Assistant Secretary means the
Assistant Secretary of Labor for
Occupational Safety and Health,
U.S. Department of Labor, or
designee.
Chemical means any element,
chemical compound or mixture
of elements and/or compounds.
Chemical manufacturer means
an employer with a workplace
where chemical(s) are produced
Page 251
contact or absorption.)
Flammable means a chemical
that falls into one of the
following categories:
(i) Aerosol, flammable means
an aerosol that, when tested by
the method described in 16
CFR 1500.45, yields a flame
projection exceeding 18 inches
at full valve opening, or a
flashback (a flame extending
back to the valve) at any degree
of valve opening;
(ii) Gas, flammable means: (A)
A gas that, at ambient
temperature and pressure,
forms a flammable mixture
with air at a concentration of
thirteen (13) percent by volume
or less; or
(B) A gas that, at ambient
temperature and pressure,
forms a range of flammable
mixtures with air wider than
twelve (12) percent by volume.
Page 252
appropriate emergency
procedures, if necessary.
Specific chemical identify
means the chemical name,
Chemical Abstracts Service
(AS) Registry Number, or any
other information that reveals
the precise chemical
designation of the substance.
Trade secret means any
confidential formula, pattern,
process, device, information or
Polym
Page 253
Environment, American
Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (AGCY.)
(latest edition). The chemical
manufacturer, importer, or
employer is still responsible for
evaluating the hazards
associated with the chemicals in
these source lists in accordance
with the requirements of this
standard.
(4) Chemical manufacturers,
import-era and employers
or
(iii) 29 CFR part 1910, subpart
Z, Toxic and Hazardous
Substances, Occupational
Safety and Health
Administration.
NOTE: The Registry of Toxic
Effects of Chemical Substances
published by the National
Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health indicates
whether a chemical has been
is hazardous;
(ii) H a mixture has not been
tested as a whole to determine
whether the mixture is a health
hazard, the mixture shall be
assumed to present the same
health hazards as do the
components which comprise
one percent (by weight or
volume) or greater of the
mixture, except that the mixture
shall be assumed to present a
carcinogenic hazard if it
contains a component in
concentrations of 0.1 percent or
greater which is considered to
be a carcinogen under
paragraph (d)(4) of this section;
(iii) If a mixture has not been
tested as a whole to determine
whether the mixture is a
physical hazard, the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or
employer may use whatever
scientifically valid data is
available to evaluate the
Page 254
party.
(2)(i) For solid metal (such as a
steel beam or a metal casting).
solid wood, or plastic items that
are not exempted as articles due
to their downstream use, or
shipments of whole grain. the
required label may be
transmitted to the customer at
the time of the initial shipment,
and need not be included with
subsequent shipments to the
same employer unless the
Page 255
Transportation.
(4) If the hazardous chemical is
regulated by OSHA in a
substance-specific health
standard, the chemical
manufacturer, importer,
distributor or employer shall
ensure that the labels or other
forms of warning used are in
accordance with the
requirements of that standard.
(5) Except as provided in
information.
(9) The employer shall ensure
that labels or other forms of
warning are legible, in English,
and prominently displayed on
the container, or readily
available in the work area
throughout each work shift.
Employers having employees
who speak other languages may
add the information in their
language to the material
presented, as long as the
information is presented in
English as well.
(10) The chemical
manufacturer, importer,
distributor or employer need
not affix new labels to comply
with this section if existing
labels already convey the
required information.
(11) Chemical manufacturers.
importers, distributors, or
employers who become newly
manufacturer, importers,
distributor, or employer shall
add the information to the label
before the chemical is shipped
or introduced into the
workplace again.
(g) Material safety data sheets.
(1) Chemical manufacturers
and importers shall obtain or
develop a material safety data
sheet for each hazardous
chemical they produce or
import. Employers shall have a
for in para
Page 256
Page 257
Page 258
requirements of 29 CFR
1910.20(e). The Director shall
also be given access to material
safety data sheets in the same
manner.
(h) Employee information and
training. (1) Employers shall
provide employees with
effective information and
training on hazardous chemicals
in their work area at the time of
their initial assignment, and
whenever a new physical or
Page 259
atmosphere to determine
employee exposure levels;
(C) To conduct pre-assignment
or periodic medical surveillance
of exposed employees;
(D) To provide medical
treatment to exposed
employees;
(E) To select or assess
appropriate personal protective
equipment for exposed
employees;
a penalty bond.
(5) Nothing in this standard is
meant to preclude the parties
from pursuing non-contractual
remedies to the extent permitted
by law.
(6) If the health professional,
employee, or designated
representative receiving the
trade secret information decides
that there is a need to disclose it
to OSHA, the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or
employer who provided the
information shall be informed
by the health professional,
employee, or designated
representative prior to. or at the
same time as, such disclosure.
(7) If the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or
employer denies a written
request for disclosure of a
specific chemical identity, the
denial must:
im
Page 260
a legitimate medical or
occupational health need for the
information, has executed a
written confidentiality
agreement, and has shown
adequate means to protect the
confidentiality of the
information, the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or
employer will be subject to
citation by OSHA.
(ii) H a chemical manufacturer,
importer. or employer
supporting documentation in
camera or issue appropriate
orders to protect the
confidentiality of such matters.
(12) Notwithstanding the
existence of a trade secret
claim, a chemical manufacturer,
importer, or employer shall,
upon request, disclose to the
Assistant Secretary any
information which this section
requires the chemical
manufacturer, importer, or
circumstances of process or
percentage of mixture
information which is a trade
secret.
(j) Effects dates. Chemical
manufacturers, importers,
distributors, and employers
shall be in compliance with all
provisions of this section by
March 11, 1994.
NOTE: The effective date of the
clarification that the exemption
Page 261
considered to be a carcinogen
if:
(a) It has been evaluated by the
International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC),
and found to be a carcinogen or
potential carcinogen; or
(b) It is listed as a carcinogen
or potential carcinogen in the
Annual Report on Carcinogens
published by the National
Toxicology Program (NTP)
U.S. Department of
Transportation in appendix A to
49 CFR part 173, it destroys or
changes irreversibly the
structure of the tissue at the site
of contact following an
exposure period of four hours.
This term shall not refer to
action on inanimate surfaces.
3. Highly toxic: A chemical
falling within any of the
following categories:
exposure or by other
appropriate techniques, it
results in an empirical score of
five or more. A chemical is an
eye irritant if so determined
under the procedure listed in 16
CFR 1500.42 or ocher
appropriate techniques.
5. Sensitlzer: A chemical that
causes a substantial proportion
of exposed people or animals to
develop an allergic ruction in
normal tissue after repeated
each.
(b) A chemical that has
median lethal dose (LD30) of
more than 200 milligrams per
kilogram but not more than
1.000 milligrams per kilogram
of body weight when
administered by continuous
contact for 24 hours (or
Page 262
loss of consciousness
Chemicals: Carbon monoxide;
cyanides
e. Agents which damage the
lung: Chemicals which irritate
or damage pulmonary tissue
Signs & Symptoms: Cough;
tightness in chest; shortness of
breath
Chemicals: Silica; asbestos
f. Reproductive toxins:
Chemicals which affect the
reproductive capabilities
including chromosomal damage
(mutations) and effects on
fetuses (teratogenesis)
Signs & Symptoms: Birth
defects; sterility
Chemicals: Lead; DBCP
g. Cutaneous hazards:
Chemicals which affect the
dermal layer of the body
Signs & Symptoms: Defatting
of the skin; rashes; irritation
Chemicals: Ketones;
chlorinated compounds
h. Eye hazards: Chemicals
which affect the eye or visual
capacity
Signs & Symptoms:
Conjunctivitis; corneal damage
Chemicals: Organic solvents;
acids
Appendix B to
1910.1200Hazard Determination
(Mandatory)
The quality of a hazard
communication program is
largely dependent upon the
adequacy and accuracy of the
hazard determination. The
hazard determination
requirement of this standard is
performance-oriented.
Chemical manufacturers.
importers. and employers
evaluating chemicals are not
required to follow any specific
methods for determining
hazards, but they must be able
carcinogenicity must be
evaluated in accordance with
the provisions of this Appendix
and the requirements of the
rule.
2. Human data: Where
available, epidemiological
studies and case reports of
adverse health effects shall be
considered in the evaluation.
3. Animal data: Human
evidence of health effects in
exposed populations is
generally not available for the
majority of chemicals produced
or used in the workplace.
Therefore, the available results
of toxicological testing in
animal populations shall be
used to predict the health
effects that may be experienced
by exposed workers. In
particular, the definitions of
certain acute hazards refer to
specific animal testing results
Page 263
importer, distributor, or
employer may wish to consult
to evaluate the hazards of
chemicals they produce or
import:
Any information in their own
company files, such as toxicity
testing results or illness
experience of company
employees.
Any information obtained from
the supplier of the chemical,
Commercial Products
Gleason, Goseelin, and Rodge.
Casarett and Doull's
Toxicology; The Basic Science
of Poisons
Doull, Klaassen, and Amdur,
Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.,
New York, NY.
Industrial Toxicology, by Alice
Hamilton and Harriet L. Hardy
Publishing Sciences Group,
Lockheed-DIALOG Information
Inc., 3460 Hillview Avenue, Palo
CA 94304.
Page 265
chemicals.
The HCS addresses the issues
of evaluating and
communicating hazards to
workers. Evaluation of
chemical hazards involves a
number of technical concept,
and is a process that requires
the professional Judgment of
experienced expert. That's why
the HCS is designed so that
employers who simply use
chemicals, rather than produce
Page 266
requirements of these
paragraphs should be the focus
of your attention. Concentrate
on becoming familiar with
them, using paragraphs (b),
scope and application, and (c),
definitions, as references when
needed to help explain the
provisions.
There are two types of work
operations where the coverage
of the rule is limited. These are
laboratories and operations
necessary to assign
responsibility for both the
initial and ongoing activities
that have to be undertaken to
comply with the rule. In some
cases, these activities may
already be part of current job
assignments. For example, site
supervisors are frequently
responsible for on-the-job
training sessions. Early
identification of the responsible
employees, and involvement of
Page 267
to exposure.
4. Preparing and Implementing
a Hazard Communication
Program
All workplaces where
employees are exposed to
hazardous chemicals must here
a written plan which describes
how the standard will be
Implemented in that facility.
Preparation of a plan is not just
a paper exerciseall of the
Page 268
3. Description of labeling
system(s) used;
4. Description of written
alternatives to labeling of inplant containers (if used); and,
5. Procedures to review and
update label information when
necessary.
Employers that are purchasing
and using hazardous
chemicalsrather than producing
or distributing themwill
MSDS.
The role of MSDSs under the
rule is to provide detailed
information on each hazardous
chemical, including its potential
hazardous effects, its physical
and chemical characteristics,
and recommendations for
appropriate protective
measures. This information
should be useful to you as the
employer responsible for
designing protective programs,
recommended protective
measures. Focus on the sections
of the MSDS that are applicable
to your situation.
Page 269
receive MSDSs.
C. Employee Information and
Training
Each employee who may be
"exposed" to hazardous
chemicals when working must
be provided information and
trained prior to Initial
assignment to work with a
hazardous chemical, and
whenever the hazard changes.
"Exposure" or "exposed" under
chemical, or by categories of
hazards (such as flammability
or carcinogenicity). If there are
only a few chemicals in the
workplace, then you may want
to discuss each one
Individually. Where there are
large numbers of chemicals, or
the chemicals change
frequently, you will probably
want to train generally based on
the hazard categories (e.g.,
flammable liquids, corrosive
materials, carcinogens).
Employees will have access to
the substance-specific
information on the labels and
MSDSs.
Information and training is a
critical part of the hazard
communication program.
Information regarding hazards
and protective measures are
provided to workers through
written labels and material
safety data sheets. However,
understanding. It Is not
sufficient to either Just read
material to the workers, or
simply hand them material to
read. You want to create a
climate where workers feel free
to ask questions. This will help
you to ensure that the
information is understood. You
must always remember that the
underlying purpose of the HCS
is to reduce the incidence of
chemical source illnesses and
Page 270
1. Designation of person(s)
responsible for conducting
training;
2. Format of the program to be
used (audiovisuals, classroom
instruction, etc.);
3. Elements of the training
program (should be consistent
with the elements in paragraph
(h) of this section); and,
example, construction
employers that are already in
compliance with the
construction training standard
(29 CFR 1926.21) will have
little extra training to do.
An employer can provide
employees information and
training through whatever
means are found appropriate
and protective. Although there
would always have to be some
training on-site (such as
requirements.
____
Assigned responsibility for
tasks.____
Prepared an inventory of
chemicals.____
Ensured containers are
labeled.____
Obtained MSDS for each
chemical.____
Page 271
Page 273
Page 275
Chapter References
Chapter 2
Carlson, Roger. Real Estate
Aspects of Public Warehouse
Management. Park Ridge, Ill.:
American Warehouse
Association, 1995.
Chapter 4
McBride, Jim. The Public
Page 276
Page 277
1991.
Napolitano, Maida, and the staff
of Gross Associates. The Time,
Space & Cost Guide to Better
Warehouse Design. 1994.
Distribution Center
Management, 215 Park Avenue
South, Suite 1301, New York,
N.Y. 10003; phone (212) 2280246.
Chapter 10
Information on bar code usage
Description of Uniform
Symbols and Other Data,
available from Automatic
Identification Manufacturers
(AIM), 1326 Freeport Road,
Pittsburgh, Penn. 15238.
Page 278
Containerization Center,
Tobyhanna, Penn. 18466.
Uniform Code Council
(UPC/UPCC), P.O. Box 1244,
Dayton, Ohio 45401-1244.
Emmelhainz, Margaret A.,
Ph.D. EDIA Total Management
Guide. New York: International
Thomson Computer Press,
1992.
The following journals are
available free of charge to
qualified subscribers:
Modern Materials Handling,
the official publication of the
Materials Handling and
Management Society, P.O. Box
7500, Highlands Ranch, Colo.
80126-7500; Editorial Offices:
275 Washington Street, Newton,
Mass. 02158; phone (617) 9643030. This periodical publishes
an annual suppliers' directory
for all warehouse services and
requirements, including
warehouse management
systems and information
technology, with bar coding
and all related software and
hardware.
Materials Handling
Engineering, Penton
Publishing, Penton Education
Division, 1100 Superior
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
44114-2543; phone (800) 3217003, fax (216) 696-4369.
Warehousing Management,
Chilton Publishing Company,
Chilton Way, Radnor, Penn.
19089; phone (610) 964-4000.
DistributionThe
Transportation and Business
Logistics Magazine, Chilton
Company, One Chilton Way,
Radnor, Penn. 19089; phone
(610) 964-4386, fax (610) 9644381. This periodical publishes
an Annual Warehousing Guide
Issue listing warehousing and
Page 279
Transportation Consumer
Protection Council.
Recommended Reading
Readers interested in pursuing
specific information are
encouraged to follow the
special issues of major trade
magazines and obtain catalogs
of publications, education and
training seminars, and from
industry associations, including
the following:
1896.
Among the many publications
and papers generated by the
Warehouse Education and
Research Council (WERC) are
the following:
The Financial Evaluation of
Warehousing Options: An
Examination and Appraisal of
Contemporary Practices,
WERC, 1988.
A Profit Center Approach to
Page 280
Information TechnologyA
Glossary of Key Terms and
Concepts for Today's Business
Leader, Peter G. W. Keen, 1991.
This book describes the
meaning of and concepts of
management and the everyday
terms of information
technology.
Hazard Communications
Manual: Compliance Guide to
the OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard,
field.
Total QualityAn Executive's
Guide for the 1990s. Ernst &
Young, 1990. This books
provides the insights of a
worldwide consulting firm for
top management; it addresses
business education
requirements, cost
management, systems
requirements, and performance
measurement.
Page 281
organization publishes an
annual education catalog, listing
association publications,
reprints, audio and video
cassettes, marketing tools,
books, and seminars.
Association of American
Railroads, 50 F Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20024; phone
(202) 639-2100, fax (202) 6395546.
Canadian Association of
Page 282
International Association of
Refrigerated Warehouses, 7215
Wisconsin Ave., Suite 1200 N.,
Bethesda, Md. 20814; phone
(301) 652-5674.
International Safe Transit
Association, 1400 Abbott Road,
Suite 310, East Lansing, Mich.
48823-2900; phone (517) 3333437.
Page 283
Index
A
activities cycle in warehouse,
42-43
activity-based costing, 123-124
actual placement, 46
adjustable lease, 13-14
preparation by depositor, 92
preparation by warehouse
personnel, 92, 94 -95
terms and conditions
summary, 242-243
warranties on negotiation or
transfer, 186
blocking, 76-77
bonded warehouses, 8
contract terms and
conditions, 213
bracing, 76-77
breakage, 104
bulk freight, 76
''burden of proof," 156
of truck carriers, 157-158
C
Canadian Association of
Warehousing and Distribution
Services, 281
Association, 67n.
chemicals, see hazardous
materials
claims, 154, 157-164
conflicting, 188
filing and disposition, 158159
form for, 160-163
preventing, 164
supporting documents, 159
Page 284
profile, 30-31
contributory negligence, 158
control of inventory, 10
cost accounting, 123
cost of facilities, as lease or
contract component, 131
costs of warehousing, 14, 16
industry-wide standards, 125
logistics services and, 17
241
customers, 42
marketing information about,
22
returns from, 87-88
customer service, personnel
duties, 62
customers' warehouses, 8
cycle counting, 80
worksheet for, 82
D
daily activity report, 85, 86
damaged goods
handling and disposition, 89
holding area for, 54
damages
consequential, 154
inspecting goods for, 54
data collection, 84
demurrage charges, 46
Department of Transportation
(DOT), 49
depositor, 11n., 41
bill of lading preparation by,
92
compliance manual from, 84
loss and damage to goods,
153-154
preferred carrier list, 101,103
in shipments, 54
discrete picking, 61, 65
distribution network, marketing
information about, 22
dock leveler, 49-50
dock plate, 49-50
docks management, delivery
scheduling, 47
document, 170
documentation
certificate of analysis, 96
for claims, 159
cycle count worksheet, 82
daily activity report, 85, 86
for discrepancies, 88
incoming tally sheet, 52
inventory report, 81
invoicing, 104-107
labeling and marking, 90
lost, 187
material safety data sheets,
44, 96-97, 98-100
over, short, and damage
report, 55
packing list, 96
photo of vehicle interior, 51
receiving report, 54, 56
returns from customers, 8788
(ECR) shipments, 58
electronic data interchange,
134-138
at Port Jersey, 135-137
questionnaire, 138
equipment, for order picking,
64
evergreen clause, 128
exception notation, 54
expenses
from inventory, 2
for leased warehouse, 12-13
export shipments, 97
F
fiberboard boxes,
specifications, 141-144
finished goods, 4
first-in, first-out (FIFO)
inventory method, 2
Page 285
freight forwarders, 18
freight rates, dunnage and, 76
Fuller Brush, 6
fungible goods, 176
G
gatehouse security guards, 4748
general merchandise
warehouses, 8
good faith delivery, 187
gross lease, 13
gross weight, dunnage and, 76
grounding cables, 49
H
Hammer, Michael,
Reengineering the
Corporation, 20-21
handling, 66
contract terms and
conditions, 211
indorsement
of document of title, and
liability, 185
right to compel, 186
industry-wide cost standards,
125
in-process goods, 4
inspection
of goods, 87
of received goods, 54
of transportation equipment,
103
inspection report, 88
insurance, 154-155
as lease or contract
component, 130
interest, 2
International Association of
Refrigerated Warehouses, 282
International Safe Transit
accuracy, 112
consumer-direct distribution,
5-6
control of, 10
marketing information about,
22
as money, 2
physical, 79, 107-109
responsibility for loss and
damage, 83
issuer, 170
K
Keep Dry package marking, 71
L
labeling packages, 67, 90
for hazardous materials, 268
labor force, for private
warehouse, 10
last-in, first-out (LIFO)
inventory method, 2
leaks, 104
lease agreement, 232-239
guidelines, 128, 130-131
negotiation schedule and
checklist, 15
types of, 13-14
leased warehousing, 12-14
legal possession, vs. physical,
44
lessee, 12n.
lessor, access by, 131
liability, 152-155
of carriers, 155-164
of carrier vs. operator, 155156
contract terms and
conditions, 214
and good faith delivery, 182
as lease or contract
component, 130-131
for non-receipt or
misdescription, 173
and private warehousing, 10
lien of warehouseman, 176-177
enforcement, 177-179
lighting, at unloading dock, 51
liquid storage terminals, 8
loading, 44, 75-77
load shifts, 48
logistics industry, ix
logistics services, 17-25
development, 19
third-party, analysis and
decision on, 21-24
Page 286
off-site warehouses, 9
on-site warehouses, 9
order fulfillment, measuring,
112
order picking, 61-65
checking accuracy, 65
measuring, 112
paperless, 65
order processing, 62
orders, transmission to
warehouse, 89
organizations, 281-282
outsourcing, 20-21
customer data worksheet, 3940
customer logistics business
profile, 32-38
public and contract
warehouse profile, 30-31
overissue, 180
overseas shipping containers,
46
over, short, and damage report,
55
ownership of goods
bill of lading and, 92
transfer of, 90
P
packaging, 66-74, 139-151
form, 114-121
performance measurement,
112-113
performance-oriented
packaging, 140
performance standards, 110-111
performance testing, of
shipping containers, 146-151
permits, and contract or lease,
128, 130
perpetual inventory, 80
physical inventory, 79, 107-109
physical possession, vs. legal,
44
pick-by-article, 61
pick-by-order, 61
pick list, for customer order,
62, 63
police inspectors, seals broken
by, 50
problem shipments, 48
product inventory summary
worksheet, 38
products, marketing
information about, 22
Protect From Freezing package
marking, 72
Protect From Heat package
marking, 72
public warehousing
advantages, 11
profile, 30-31
vs. private, 16
Q
quick response (QR)
shipments, 58
R
radio frequency identification
and transmittal (RFID)
technology, 65
Page 287
allowance, 83
signatures, in lease or contract,
131
signs, as lease or contract
component, 130
single-sourcing of carriers, 77
Sorkin, Saul, Goods in Transit,
155
space use, 112
for cross-docking, 59
spare parts, 4
specification packaging, 140,
141-144
spills, 104
Stack Height package marking,
74
stanchions, 49
standard bill of lading, 91
standard terms and conditions,
125, 128, 129
costs, 2
invoice for charges, 104
termination at
warehouseman's option, 175176
withdrawal from, 89
straight bill of lading, 93
supervisor, duties of, 64
suppliers, marketing
information about, 22
supplies, 4
Surface Transportation Board,
156n.
T
T&D Contract Logistics Data
Base, 26
tagging packages, 67
instructions for, 68-69
taxes, as lease or contract
component, 130
technology, ix
temperature-controlled
warehouses, 8
Temperature Limits package
marking, 73
term, of contract or lease, 128
testing packaging, 145-151
time measurement units, 64
title, and warehouse receipt,
175
Transportation Consumer
Protection Council, 282
transportation costs, and
inventories, 7
Transportation and
Distribution, 26
transportation equipment,
inspection, 103
transport carriers, 18, 42
responsibilities, 45