John

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Partner name:
Max
Tom
Creasic
Leo

---------------------------------------------------Using Compound Microscopes

16/10/2016
Honor Code
On my honor, I have neither received nor given any
unauthorized aid on this assignment

Compound Microscope:
Cite to: dictionary.com An Compound Microscope is an optical instrument for
forming magnified images of small objects, consisting of an objective lens with a very
short focal length and an eyepiece with a longer focal length, both lenses mounted in
the same tube . According to: history-of-the-microscope.org The compound
microscope has been create for more than 2000 years. the first microscope was
invented by Zaccharias Janssen and his father. but the microscope just have the only
glasses inside, it had one power is about 6x - 10x.
We should use the compound microscope when we need to discover about a very
small things that we couldnt see by our naked eyes like: enzyme, bacteria
There are many kind of microscope like: (Dissection microscope, Confocal
microscope, Scanning Electron microscope, Transmission Electron microscope)
Material that my team use in our experiment: distilled water, methylene blue, onion,
onion root, yogurt. Then we need to preparing all the step from preparing slides for
every material.
-Distilled Water: we cant see any things
-Onion: First you need to take a small piece of onion and using the forceps to peel off
the membrane then place the membrane flat on the surface of the slide and add a bit of
methylene blue solution to the onion that you cut, lower the thin glass cover slip or
cover glass onto the slide. Make sure the lowest power objective lens (x40) is in line
with the optical tube, and the microscope light is turned on then place the prepared
slide onto the microscope, look through the eyepiece and adjust the power that you
want. (Be very careful of the methylene blue can poison your skin and it could be
dangerous if it is on you.)
-Onion root: as well as the onion
-Yogurt: Take a small drop of yogurt with the toothpick and smear it for 2 to 3 time
on the slide. Place a drop of methylene blue solution on a microscope slide. You need
to wear gloves to handle methylene blue then place the coverslip on top. View in the
compound microscope on x40 before moving to higher magnification.

-Human cheek cell: First take a clean toothpick and smear gently inside of your mouth,
when you finish, smear the cheek cell on the center of the microscope slide for 2 to 3
time then add a few drop of methylene blue solution and place a coverslip on top.
View in the compound microscope on x40 before moving to higher magnification.

Cite to: science.howstuffworks.com To understand how yogurt works, you first have
to understand how the bacteria in yogurt work. The good bacteria in yogurt are often
called probiotics. They come in the form of culture concentrates in certain foods, dietary
supplements and fermented dairy products, like yogurt or cheese.The good bacteria in a
healthy system stave off any of the pathogenic, or disease-causing, bacteria. Together
they're called our colonizing microbes
Cite to: www.wisegeek.com Different types of bacteria in yogurt commonly
include Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and, in some cases,
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and bifidobacteria. Yogurt has been
eaten for so long that no one is really sure how the idea of introducing bacteria to milk
in order to produce this rich, tangy food first came about. What is certain, however, is
that the bacteria in yogurt perform some important functions, from creating yogurts
unique taste and texture to promoting a number of health benefits in its consumers.

Yogurt Bacteria

Onion cell

Onion root cell

According to: yourarticlelibrary.com Bacteria can have 4 different shape and it been
name base on it's shape. The first one is a rod- shaped bacteria which are called
Bacilli ( it can cost anthrax). The second is spherical bacteria are which called cocci,
the third one is the spiral bacteria which are called spirilla. Then we have the comma
shaped which called vibrios.

My onion cell didnt look the same, their data is more accurate than my. There picture
look greener and it have a lot of tiny dots.

My onion root cell didnt look the same because there data is more accurate than my.
There picture is pink and have a lot of weird dots in it.

What is the purpose of methylence in preparation of the human cheek cell and yogurt
slide? Methylence is : used to the cells to make nuclei more visible under a microscope
Take a small drop of yogurt with the toothpick and smear it for 2 to 3 time on the slide.
But you forgot a drop of methylene blue, your solution is fail because you cant see
anything. As well as the human cheek cell. If you smear the cheek cell on the center of
the microscope slide for 2 to 3 time but you forgot to add a few drop of methylene blue
solution, your experiment will fail because you cant see any thing.
Why you have to use oil: The quality of your image depends on your resolution.
Using an immersion lens and oil can improve both your resolution.
Citing to: bitesizebio.com When you focus an objective and move it closer to the
slide/coverslip the focal plane moves further into your specimen. However, there is a
physical limitation to how far you can go before the nose tip of the objective hits the
coverslip. Go any further than this distance and you will not be popular! Cleaning
glass shards out of a condenser is a time consuming and expensive business. Not to
mention you can damage the objective front lens.

Citing

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/compound-microscope?s=t

http://www.history-of-the-microscope.org/history-of-the-microscope-who-invented-th
e-microscope.php

http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/yogurt1.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-bacteria-in-yogurt.htm

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/bacteria/bacteria-shape-and-structure-nutrition-and
-other-details-with-diagram/31529/

http://bitesizebio.com/23421/the-why-and-how-of-oil-immersion-microscopy/

Citing Picture:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/292522938266337699/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aofBHW3kC38

http://fphoto.photoshelter.com/image/I0000AUwvOv1erSI